KONSEP KAJIAN

TINDAKAN
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TUJUAN PENYELIDIKAN
Tujuan Penyelidikan boleh dikategorikan
seperti di bawah:
Perihalan (Description (fact finding)
Penerokaan (Exploration (looking for patterns)
Analisis (Analysis (explaining why or how)
Ramalan (Prediction (forecasting the likelihood
of particular events)
Penyelesaian
Masalah (Problem Solving (improvement of
current practice)


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PERKARA KAJIAN FORMAL KAJIAN TINDAKAN
Latihan
pengkaji
Masa lama dan mendalam Belajar sendiri dengan
konsultansi drp pakar
Matlamat
kajian
Pengetahuan yang boleh
digeneralisasi (pengetahuan
Proposisional)
Pengetahuan untuk
diaplikasikan kpd
situasi setempat
(pengetahuan Tasit)
Pernyataan
masalah
Tinjauan literatur Masalah yang dihadapi
atau penambahbaikan
Prosedur
sorotan kajian
Meluas menggunakan sumber
primer
Mengikut keperluan -
Sumber sekunder
Pendekatan
persampelan
Rawak Snowball atau mengikut
keselesaan pengkaji
BANDING BEZA
Kajian Tindakan dengan Kajian Formal
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APAKAH KAJIAN TINDAKAN?
Act-Review-
Act- Review
Action + Research
Change + Understanding

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The study of a social situation (classroom /
school) with a view of improving the quality
of action ( managing classroom / managing
teaching and learning / managing school)
within it carried out by practitioners
seeking to improve their understanding of
events, situations and problems so as a to
increase the effectiveness of their practice.

(Elliott, 1981)
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Action Research Defined

Action Research is the process
by which practitioners attempt to
study their problems scientifically
in order to guide, correct, and
evaluate their decisions and
actions.
Stephen Corey (1953)
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Combined Action and
Research
ACTION: exploring the possibilities of
better ways of acting, ways that may
result in a better teaching situation for
ourselves, and a better learning situation
for our students

RESEARCH: (systematic inquiry)
collection and analysis of data as
evidence that our actions are effective
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Action Research A summary
DILAKUKAN OLEH PENGAMAL
(The project is undertaken by the PARTICIPANTS in
the situation, not by outsiders studying the practice of
an individual or group. )

BERBENTUK KITARAN / GELUNGAN
(The project proceeds through a SPIRAL OF CYCLES
of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting.)

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Action Research- A summary
MENAMBAHBAIK AMALAN
(The project IMPROVES PRACTICE for the participants
and has the potential to improve practice for the wider
field.)

PENAMBAHBAIKAN HOLISTIK
(Action Research is at the same time a research
methodology and a process for INDIVIDUAL AND
ORGANIZATIONAL IMPROVEMENT.)
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MODEL
& CIRI-CIRI KAJIAN
TINDAKAN
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Langkah 1
MENGENAL PASTI ASPEK AMALAN
Langkah 2
MERANCANG PELAN TINDAKAN
Langkah 3
MELAKSANAKAN TINDAKAN
Langkah 4
MENGUMPUL DATA TENTANG
TINDAKAN
Langkah 5
MEREFLEKS TENTANG
DAPATAN KAJIAN
TERHADAP TINDAKAN, dll
Ke
KITARAN / GELUNGAN KEDUA
KITARAN / GELUNGAN PERTAMA
Lewin, 1946 dan Laidlaw,1992
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CIRI-CIRI KAJIAN
TINDAKAN
Berbentuk kitaran
Kolaborasi
Kualitatif
Refleksi
Responsif
Emergent

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CIRI-CIRI KAJIAN
TINDAKAN
Amalan kendiri
Spesifik (berfokus)
Orientasi tindakan
Berasaskan bukti
Matlamat pedagogi /
pendidikan 13
Action Research involves problem
posing, not just problem solving. I t
does not start from a view of
problems as pathologies. I t is
motivated by a quest to improve and
understand the world by changing it
and learning how to improve it from
the effects of the changes made.
(Cathy Caro-Bruce on April 19, 2004
in support of the Florida Professional
Development System Evaluation
Protocol)
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Problem implies that there is
something wrong, when what
is meant in action research
terms is that a problem is a
definition of a need for change
and describes how certain
issues can be addressed
(Cunningham 1993:75)
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ACTION RESEARCH is :

NOT a LIBRARY PROJECT where we learn
more about a topic that interests us.
NOT PROBLEM-SOLVING in the sense of trying
to find out what is wrong, but rather a quest for
knowledge about how to IMPROVE.
NOT doing research ON OR ABOUT PEOPLE, or
finding all available information on a topic looking
for the correct answers.
NOT about learning WHY WE DO CERTAIN
THINGS, but rather HOW WE CAN DO THINGS
BETTER. It is about how we can change our
instruction to impact students.
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GOOD ACTION RESEARCH
Aims to REALISE EDUCATIONAL VALUES
INTEGRATES teaching and research
DEVELOPS the curriculum
Implies REFLEXIVE teaching and not simply
reflective teaching
Gathering DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEWS
DEFINE rather than apply quality indicators
(Elliott, 1991)

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TUGASAN BENGKEL
Bincangkan kebaikan kajian tindakan
kepada anda sebagai guru?
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KEBAIKAN
KAJIAN TINDAKAN
Merapatkan jurang antara teori dan amalan
bilik darjah
Meningkatkan pemahaman amalan bilik darjah
Memupuk kemahiran dan daya berfikir
Menggalakkan kolaborasi dengan murid-murid
dan guru-guru lain
Meningkatkan kualiti dan penambahbaikan
segala aspek pedagogi
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TUGASAN BENGKEL
Bincangkan kepentingan refleksi
pasca praktikum kepada anda?
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KEPENTINGAN / KELEBIHAN REFLEKSI
PASCA PRAKTIKUM
Menilai kekuatan dan kelemahan P&P
Mencadangkan cara mengatasi sebarang
kelemahan yang timbul
Meningkatkan kemahiran membuat
penilaian kendiri
Panduan untuk penambahbaikan prestasi
kerja masa hadapan
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KEPENTINGAN / KELEBIHAN REFLEKSI
PASCA PRAKTIKUM
Kenal pasti masalah pembelajaran
Alat kajian tindakan
Cadangan penyelesaian isu pembelajaran
Merangsangkan budaya menyelidik
Menggalakkan kemahiran berfikir
Menjadi guru luwes / fleksibel
Menambah keyakinan diri dari segi persediaan,
penyampaian dan penilaian
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TUGASAN BENGKEL
Bincangkan faedah amalan penulisan
jurnal reflektif kepada anda?
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FAEDAH PENULISAN
JURNAL REFLEKTIF
Peluang untuk melihat amalan diri secara objektif
Sebagai alat untuk menyiasat dan
memperkembangkan falsafah pengajaran peribadi
Mempertimbangkan kesesuaian strategi pengajaran
yang digunakan
Membina BBM yang sesuai
Merancang tindakan susulan spt merancang aktiviti
pengayaan dan pemulihan
Menyelesaikan masalah atau isu secara berperingkat-
peringkat
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OBJEKTIF
KAJIAN TINDAKAN
Memperkembangkan dan memperbaiki amalan-
amalan kendiri supaya berlaku pembelajaran
sepanjang hayat
Mengkaji secara sistematik amalan-amalan kendiri
dan melaporkan dapatan berdasarkan bukti
Mengembangkan pengetahuan dan kefahaman
praktikal proses penyelidikan
Memperkembangkan pengetahuan profesional guru
Membawa perubahan dan menambahbaik amalan
guru
Menjana dan menguji bentuk tindakan yang baru

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