CC DNG BI TP CUNG CP IN

.
DNG I

V tn tht cng sut v tn tht in nng trong mng in.

Bi tp 1:
1. Hy xc nh cng sut u vo ca trm S 1 . Bit in p nh mc ca trm bin p l
35/10 kV (Hnh v 1). Ton b ng dy ca mng dng loi dy AC-95 ( r0 = 0,37
/km; x0 = 0,35 /km), chiu di tit din ng dy cho trn hnh v. (tn tht cng
sut trn ng dy v trong my bit p cho php tnh gn ng vi U dm mi v tr ca
li).
.

S 1

AC-95
1 km

AC-95
1 km

S4

S3

AC-95
2 km

= 1000 + j950 kVA; 3=3000 h.

S4 =
.

800 + j700 kVA; 4=2800 h.

S 5 = 600+j500 VA/m;

5=3000 h.

SdmB = 2500 kVA; UdmB = 35/10 kV.

P0 = 2,42 kW; PN = 19,3 kW.
uN% = 6,5 %; i0% = 1%; C = 1000/kWh

Hnh v 1

S3

Yu cu xc nh chi tit:
Tng cng sut ti thanh h p ca trm S 2 = ? (cng sut ca tt c cc ph ti cng tn
tht cng sut trn ng dy).
Cng sut u vo ca trm S1 = ? (tc S2 cng tn tht cng sut trong my bin p)
Gii:
on 2-5 thay bng 2-5 (l 25 = l25/3) v S5 = (0,6+j0,5)x2000 = 1200+j1000 kVA.
Z25 = 1/3.(r0.l25 +jx0.l25) = 1/3(0,37x2 +j0,35x2) = 0,246 + j0,233 .
Z23 = r0.l23 +jx0.l23 = 0,37x1 +j0,35x1
= 0,37 + j 0,35 .
Z34 = r0.l34 +jx0.l34 = 0,37x1 +j 0,35x1
= 0,37 + j 0,35 .
2
2
800 700
.
2
, (0,37 j 0,35) = 11 300.(0,37+j0,35)
S 34 = (S4/U) .Z34 =
10 2

= 4 181 + j 3 955 VA = 4,181 + j3,955 kVA

.

'
= S + S 34 = 800 + j700 + 4,181 + j 3,955 kVA. = 804,181 + j703,955 kVA.
S 34
4

.
"
23

= S 3 + S ' = 1000 + j 950 + 804,181 + j 703,955 =

34

1804,181 + j 1653,955 kVA.

1804,1812 1653,9552
.
2

.(0,37 j 0,35) =59 905,81.(0,37+j0,35)

=(S
/U)
.Z
=
23
23
S 23
10 2

= 22 166,14 + j20 967,03 VA = 22,166 +j 20,967 kVA

.
'
23

.
"
23

+ S 23 = 1804,181 + j 1653,955 + 22,166 + j

20,967 = 1826,347 +j 1674,922.

1200 2 1000 2
.
2

.(0,246 j 0,233) = 24400.(0,246+j0,233)

=
(S
/U)
.Z
=
25
25
S 25
10 2

= 6002,4 + j 5685 VA = 6,002 + j5,685 kVA.

.

' =
S 25
S 5 S 25 = 1200 + j 1000 + 6,002 + j5,685 = 1206,002 + j1005,685 kVA

Cng sut tng h p ca trm:

.

' +
'
= 1826,347 + j1674,922 + 1206,002 + j1005,685
S 25
S 2 = S 23

= 3032,349 + j 2680,607 kVA = 3,032 + j2,680 MVA.

.

Cng sut u vo S = S + S
2
1
B
.

S B = S fe + S cu
.

2.i0 %.S dm
2 x1x 2500
= 2x2,42 +j
100
100
2
19,3 x10
.10 3
.10 3 0,154
2
2 x 2500

S fe = Pfe +jQfe = n.P0 +j

RB

2
PCudm .U dm
2
2 xS dm

XB
.

SCu

= 4,84 +j50 kVA

2
2
u N %.U dm
6,5.10
.10
x10 1,3
2 xS dm
2 x 2500

S
S
3032,34 2 2680,6 2
3032,342 2680,6 2
3
2 RB j. 2 X B
x
0
,
154
x
10

j
x1,3 x10 3
2
2
10
10
U2
U2

25,226 + j212,949 kVA

.

S B = S fe + S cu = 4,84+j50 + 25,226 + j212,949 = 30,066 + j 262,949 kVA

.

S1 = S 2 + S B = 3032,34 + j 2680,6 + 25,226 + j212,94 = 3057,56 + j 2893,54 kVA

Bi tp 2:
2. Hy xc nh tn tht in nng trn ng dy v trong trm bin p ca li in nh (Hnh
v 1). Xc nh tin tn tht in trong 1 nm ca ton h thng. Bit in p nh mc ca
trm bin p l 35/10 kV. Ton b ng dy ca mng dng loi dy AC-95 ( r0 = 0,37
/km; x0 = 0,35 /km), chiu di cho trn hnh v. on dy 2-5 c ph ti phn b u
vi mt 600+j500 VA/m (tn tht cng sut trn ng dy v trong my bit p cho php tnh
gn ng vi Udm mi v tr ca li).
= 1000 + j950 kVA; 3=3000 h.
.

S 1

AC-95
1 km

AC-95
1 km

AC-95
2 km

S3
Hnh v 1

4
.

S4

= 800 + j700 kVA; 4=2800 h.

= 600+j500 VA/m;

5=3000 h.

SdmB = 2500 kVA; UdmB = 35/10 kV.

P0 = 2,42 kW; PN = 19,3 kW.

uN% = 6,5 %; i0% = 1%; C = 1000/kWh

Yu cu xc nh chi tit:
Tng tn tht in nng trn ng dy li 10 kV Add = ?.
.

Tng cng sut h p ca trm S = ? (tng ph ti cng tng tn tht trn ng dy).
2
Tn tht in nng trong 1 nm ca trm bin p Atram = ?.
Tin tn tht ton h thng trong 1 nm CA = ?

Gii:
on 2-5 thay bng 2-5 (l 25 = l25/3) v S5 = (0,6+j0,5)x2000 = 1200+j1000 kVA.
Z25 = 1/3.(r0.l25 +jx0.l25) = 1/3(0,37x2 +j0,35x2) = 0,246 + j0,233 .
Z23 = r0.l23 +jx0.l23 = 0,37x1 +j0,35x1
= 0,37 + j 0,35 .
Z34 = r0.l25 +jx0.l25 = 0,37x1 +j 0,35x1
= 0,37 + j 0,35 .
2
2
800 700
.
2
, (0,37 j 0,35) = 11 300.(0,37+j0,35)
S 34 = (S4/U) .Z34 =
10 2

= 4 181 + j 3 955 VA = 4,181 + j3,955 kVA

.

'
= S + S 34 = 800 + j700 + 4,181 + j 3,955 kVA. = 804,181 + j703,955 kVA.
S 34
4

.
"
23

= S 3 + S ' = 1000 + j 950 + 804,181 + j 703,955 =

34

1804,181 + j 1653,955 kVA.

1804,1812 1653,9552
.
2

.(0,37 j 0,35) =59 905,81.(0,37+j0,35)

=(S
/U)
.Z
=
23
23
S 23
10 2

= 22 166,14 + j20 967,03 VA = 22,166 +j 20,967 kVA

.
'
23

.
"
23

+ S 23 = 1804,181 + j 1653,955 + 22,166 + j

20,967 = 1826,347 +j 1674,922.

1200 2 1000 2
.
2

.(0,246 j 0,233) = 24400.(0,246+j0,233)

=
(S
/U)
.Z
=
25
25
S 25
10 2

= 6002,4 + j 5685 VA = 6,002 + j5,685 kVA.

.

' =
S 25
S 5 S 25 = 1200 + j 1000 + 6,002 + j5,685 = 1206,002 + j1005,685 kVA

Cng sut tng h p ca trm:

.

' +
'
= 1826,347 + j1674,922 + 1206,002 + j1005,685
S 25
S 2 = S 23

= 3032,349 + j 2680,607 kVA = 3,032 + j2,680 MVA.

Tn tht in nng trn ng dy:

Add = A34 + A23 + A25 = P34.4 + P23.34 + P25.5

34 =

P3 . 3 P4 . 4 1000 x3000 800 x 2800

= 2911 gi.
P3 P4
1000 800

Add = 4,181x2800+22,166x2911+6,002x3000= 11706 + 64525 + 18018 = 94 249 kWh/nm.

S 2
1
PN .
Atram = n. P0 .8760 +
n
S dmB

TB =

. TB

P3 . 3 P4 . 4 P5 . 5 1000 x3000 800 x 2800 1200 x3000

= 2946 gi.
P3 P4 P5
1000 800 1200

Atram = 2x2,42x8760 + 0,5x19,3x

3032,342 2680,62
x 2946 = 42 398 + 74 509
25002

=116 907 kWh/nm

AHT = Add + Atram = 94 249 + 116 907 = 211 156 kWh/nm.
CA = AHT.C = 211 156 x 1000 = 211 156 000 ng.
DNG II

bi tp v tn tht cng sut v in nng trong trm bin p

Bi tp 1
1. Hy xc nh tn tht in nng v chi ph v tn tht in nng trong 1 nm ca trm bin p
theo 2 trng hp. Cc thng s k thut ca my bin p cho bn di.
Xc nh tn tht in nng v chi ph v tn tht in nng trong mt nm ca trm theo
th ph ti di. Bit rng trm thc hin vn hng kinh t.
Xc nh tn tht in nng v chi ph v tn tht in trong mt nm ca trm theo ph
ti cc i v . Bit rng ph ti ca trm cho bng S max = 3 700 kVA v = 2550
gi/nm, (trm lun vn hnh 2 my).
S [kVA]
S1

3700
2900

S2
S3
0
[h]

1100
2500

5500

8760

SdmB = 2000 kVA; Udm = 35/10 kV

P0 = 4,8 kW;
I0% = 1,5 %
PN = 20 kW;
uN% = 6 %
C = 1200 /kWh

Yu cu xc nh chi tit:
+ Cng sut gii hn. Sgh = ? kVA.
+ Tn tht in nng ca trm (trng hp 1) Atram1
+ Tin tn tht in nng ca trm (tr. hp 1) CA1
+ Tn tht in nng ca trm (trng hp 2) Atram2
+ Tin tn tht in nng ca trm (tr. hp 2) CA2
p n:
Sgh
= 1385,64 kVA.
Atram1 = 252 945,5 kWh/nm.
CA1 = 303 534 600 ng/nm.

= ? kWh/nm.
= ? ng nm.
= ? kWh/nm.
= ? ng nm.

Atram2 = 433 191 kWh/nm.

CA2 = 519 829 200 ng/nm.
Gii:
Mc thi gian t1 = 2500 gi; t2 = 3000 gi; t3 = 3260 gi.
P0
4,8
.n.(n 1) 2000.
.1.(1 1) =1385,64
Trm vn hnh kinh t: S gh S dm .
PN
20
kVA.
iu ny c ngha l nu ph ti vt mc 1385 kVA th nn vn hnh 2 my bin p v ngc
li S my vn hnh ti cc thi in t1; t2; t3 l: n1= 2; n2= 2; n3 =1
2

Atram1

S1
S2
1
1
.t1 .PN .
2.P0 .(t1 t 2 ) 1.P0 .t 3 .PN .
2
2
S dm
S dm

2.4,8.( 2500 3000) 4,8.3260

1
3700
.20.

2
2000

.2500

1
2900
.20.

2
2000

S3
1
.t 2 .PN .
.t 3
1

S dm
1100
.3000 20.

2000

= 252 945,50 kWh/nm.

CA1 = Atram1xC = 252 945,5 x 1200 = 303 534 600 ng/nm.
Trm ch vn hnh 2 my vi Smax = 3700 kVA v = 2550 gi:
2

3700
Atram 2 2.P0 .8760 2.PN . max . 2 x 4,8 x8760 2 x 20 x

S
2000
dm
= 433 191 kWh/nm.
CA2 = Atram2.C = 433 191x1200 = 519 829 200 ng/nm.

x 2550 =

Bi tp 2
2. Hy xc nh tn tht in nng trong 1 nm ca trm bin p. Bit rng th ph ti ca
trm nh hnh v, vic ng ct c ch ng thng qua cc my ct in. Trong trm c 2 my
bin p c cc thng s k thut nh sau:
Xc nh tn tht in nng trong mt nm ca trm, khi trm vn hnh:
+ lun vn hnh 1 my.
+ lun vn hnh 2 my.
+ thc hin vn hnh kinh t.
Xc nh chi ph tn tht in nng (tin tn tht in nng) tng ng vi tng cch vn
hnh.
S [kVA]
S1

5500
3500

S2
S3
0
[h]

SdmB = 3150 kVA; Udm = 35/10 kV

2200
2500

5500

8760

P0 = 6,8 kW;
PN = 27 kW;
C = 1000 /kWh

I0% = 1,3
uN% = 7 %

p s:
Atrm1 = 408 284,73 kWh/nm.; CA1 = 408 284 730 ng/nm.
Atram2 = 293 484,37 kWh/nm. ; CA2 = 293 484 370 ng/nm.
Atram3 = 292 793,58 kWh/nm ; CA3 = 292 793 580 ng/nm.

.3260

Gii:
Trm ch vn hnh 1 my: t1 = 2500 gi; t2 = 3000 gi; t3 = 3260 gi.
2

Atram1

S1
S2
S3
.t1 PN .
.t 2 PN .
.t3
1.P0 .8760 PN .
S dm
S dm
S dm
5500

3150

= 6,8 x8760 27 x

3500

3150

x 2500 27 x

2200

3150

x3000 27 x

x3260

= 408 284,73 kWh/nm

CA1 = Atram1 . C = 408 284,73x 1000 = 408 284 730 ng/nm
Trm ch vn hnh 2 my:
2

Atram 2

S1
S2
S3
1
1
1
.t1 .PN .
.t 2 .PN .
.t3 =
2.P0 .8760 .PN .
2
2
2
S dm
S dm
S dm
5500

3150

2 x6,8 x8760 0,5 x 27 x

= 293 484,37 kWh/nm

3500

3150

x 2500 0,5 x 27 x

2200

3150

x3000 0,5 x 27 x

x3260

CA2 = 293 484 370 ng/nm

Trm vn hnh kinh t:

P0
6,8
S gh S dm .
.n.( n 1) 3150.
.1.(1 1) = 2235,62 kVA
PN
27

S my vn hnh ti cc thi in t1; t2; t3 l: n1= 2;

n2= 2;

Atram 3

n3 =1
2

S1
S2
S3
1
1
1
.t1 .PN .
.t 2 .PN .
.t3
2.P0 .(t1 t 2 ) 1.P0 .t3 .PN .
2
2
1
S dm
S dm
S dm

=
5500
2 x 6,8 x (2500 3000) 1x 6,8 x3260 0,5 x 27 x

3150
2200

3150

1x 27 x

3500
x 2500 0,5 x 27 x

3150

x3260

= 292 793,58 kWh/nm

CA3 = 292 793 580 ng/nm

x3000

DNG III

bi tp v tn tht in p trong li phn phi v h p:

Bi tp 1
1. Hy tnh in p ti cc nt ca li in (HV.). Bit rng U m = 6 kV; U1=6,3 kV. Ton
b ng dy l loi dy AC-70 (r 0=0,4; x0=0,3 /km), on dy t 1 ti 2 l l kp,
on dy t 3 n 4 c ph ti phn b u, ph ti v chiu di ng dy cho trn
hnh v.
1

S2

3 km

S3
1,7 km 3

5 km
P0

5 km

p n:
U2 = 5,681
U3 = 5,402
U4 = 5,269
U5 = 9,56

5
kV.
kV.
kV.
kV.

4
P2 =1000kW; cos2=0,707
P3 =1000kW; cos3=0,753

P0 =100W/m; cos0=0,781
P5 = 500kW; cos5=0,814

S5

Gii:
Tng tr tng ng cc on ng dy
Z12 = R12 + jX12 = 1/2. (r0.l12 + jx0.l12) = 1/2.(0,4x3 + j0,3x3) = 0,6 + j0,45
Z23 = R23 + jX23 = r0.l23 + jx0.l23 = 0,4x1,7 + j 0,3x1,7
= 0,68 + j0,51
Z25 = R25 + jX25 = r0.l25 + jx0.l25 = 0,4x5 + j0,3x5
= 2 + j1,5
on 3 4 thay bng ph tI tp chung t on l34 = 1/2 . l34 cho nn ta c:
Z34= R24 + jX34 =r0.l34 x 1/2 = 1/2. (0,4x5 + j 0,3x5)
= 1 + j0,75
Q2 =
Q3 =

P2 / cos 2 P
P3 / cos 3 2 P32
P5 / cos 5 2 P52
2

2
2

1000 / 0,707 1000

1000 / 0,753 2 1000 2
500 / 0,814 2 500 2
2

= 1000 kVAr.
= 873,860 kVAr.

Q5 =
= 356,79 kVAr.

Ph ti on 3-4 c thay bng ph ti tp trung. S4 = P4 +j Q4.

.
.
.
.

P4 = p0.l34 = 100x5000 = 500 000 W

Q4 = P4 / cos 0 2 P42 500 / 0,781 2 500 2

= 500
kW.
= 399,82 kVAr.

S 12 = (P2+P3+ P4+P5) + j(Q2+Q3+Q4+Q5) =

= (1000+1000+500+500)+j(1000+873,86+399,82+356.79)=3000 + j2630,47 kVA.
.

S 23 = (P3+P4) +j (Q3+Q4)= (1000+500)+j(873,86+399,82) =1500 + j1273,68 kVA.

.

S 25 = S5 = P5 +jQ5 = 500 +j356,79.

.

S 34 = S 4 = P4+jQ4 = 500 +j399,82.

U12 = (P12R12 + Q12X12 )/Udm = (3000x0,6 + 2630,47x0.45)/6 = 497,28 V
U2 = U1 - U12 = 6,3x103 618,16 = 5 681,16 V =
5,681 kV.
U23 = (P23R23 + Q23X23)/Udm = (1500x0,68+1273,68x0,51)/6 = 278,26 V
U3 = U2 - U23 = 5 681,16 278,26 = 5 402,9 V =
5,402 kV.
U34 = U34 = (P4R34 +Q4X34)/Udm=(500x1+399,82x0,75)/6= 133,31 V
U4 = U3 - U34 = 5 402,9 133,31 = 5 269,59 V =
5,269 kV.
U25 = (P25R25 + Q25X25)/Udm = (500x2+356,79x1,5)/6 = 255,86 V.
U5 = U2 - U25 = 5,681x103 255,86 = 5 425,14 V =
5,425 kV.
Bi tp 2
2. Hy xc nh tn tht in p ln nht trong mng v kim tra xem c t yu cu khng. Bit
Udm = 22 kV, Ucf = 5% . Ton b ng dy dng loi dy AC-95 ( r 0 = 0,37 /km; x0 = 0,35
/km); Chiu di ng dy, cng ph ti cho bng kVA & cos cho trong (Hnh v).
A

7 km

2500
(0,8)
3 km

5 km

Umax
= 1,213
Umax % = 5,96
Umax% > Ucf.

kV.
%.

1500
(0,8)

1,5 km
500 (0,8)

1700
(0,8)

Gii:
ZA1 = RA1 + jXA1 = r0.lA1 +jx0.lA1 = 0,37x7 +j0,35x7 = 2,59 +j2,45
Z12 = R12 + jX12 = r0.l12 + jx0.l12 = 0,37x3 + j0,35x3 = 1,11 + j1,05
Z23 = R23 + jX23 = r0.l23 + jx0.l23 = 0,37x1,5 +j0,35x1,5=0,555+j0,525
Z14 = R14 + jX14 = r0.l14 + jx0.l14 = 0,37x5.5 +j0,35x5.5= 2.035 + j1,925
P1 = S1.cos =2500x0,8 = 2000 kW.
Q1 = S1.sin = (S12 P12)-1/2 = (2500x2500-2000x2000)-1/2= 1500 kVAr.
P2 = S2. cos =1500x0,8=1200 kW.

.
.
.
.

Q2 = S2.sin = (S22 P22)-1/2 = (1500x1500-1200x1200)-1/2= 900 kVAr.

P3 = S3. cos = 500x0,8 = 400 kW.
Q3 = S3.sin = (S32- P32)-1/2= (500x500-400x400)-1/2 = 300 kVAr.
P4 = S4.cos = 1700x0,8 = 1360 kW.
Q4 = S4. sin=(S42- P42)-1/2=(1700x1700-1360x1360)-1/2= 1020 kVAr.
.

S A1 = PA1 +jQA1 = (P1+P2+P3+P4)+j(Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4)

= (2000+1200+400+1360)+j(1500+900+300+1020)=4960+j3720 kVA.
.

S12 = P12+jQ12 = (P2+P3)+j(Q2+Q3)=(1200+400)+j(900+300)=1600+j1200 kVA.

.

S 23 = S 3 = P3+jQ3 = 400+j300 kVA.

S14 = S 4 = P4 +jQ4 = 1360+j1020 kVA.

UA1=(PA1.RA1+QA1.XA1)/Udm =(4960x2,59+3720x2,45)/22= 998,2 V = 0,998 kV
U12=(P12R12+Q12X12)/Udm=(1600x1,11+1200x1,05)/22 = 138 V
=0,138 kV
U23=(P3R23+Q3X23)/Udm=(400x0,555+300x0,525)/22=17,25 V
= 0,017 kV
U14 = (P4R14+Q4X14)/Udm =(1360x2,035+1020x1,925)/22=215,05 V = 0,215 kV.
UA123 = UA1 + U12+U23= 998,2+138+17,25 =1153,45 V
= 1,153 kV.
UA14 = UA1 + U14 = 998,2 + 215,05 = 1 213,25 V
= 1,213 kV.
Umax= UA14 = 1 213,25 V
= 1,213 kV.
Umax% = (Umaxx 100)/Udm =(1,213x100)/22
= 5,96 %.
Umax = 5,96 % > Ucf = 5 % Ch tiu in p ca li in khng t yu cu.