Energy Transformations and Efficiency

Inquiry Question: How much energy are we losing?

Year 8 What is Energy? Science lesson plan NAME: Todd Holman
Science / Level 8 / Science Understanding / Physical sciences/ Force of car
crash
Content description:
Understand that energy converters produce energy of unwanted forms
Elaborations:
. Inquire how well a machine uses energy. In other words, it tells you if it
uses it efficiently (without much waste) or inefficiently (with a lot of
waste).
Learning
intentions:

Calculate the percentage energy efficiency of energy
converters given input and output energies
Construct sankey diagrams to display energy efficiency
and inefficiency ratings
Cross-curriculum
priority
Sustainability
Process

Introduction to topic with Honda energy transfer
advertisement and engage student prior knowledge
Students draw Sankey diagrams to show wasted energy
forms, including those of an incandescent light bulb
Review
Materials and
Resources:
You tube
Energy transfer handout x25
Introduction


Introduction of topic give real life scenario to create
understanding of prior knowledge (see
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ve4M4UsJQo Honda energy
transfer advertisement
Introduction PPT of sankey diagram:

Development




Worksheet
Percentage Energy Efficiency Worksheets: calculations of
percentage energy efficiency. Differentiated levels of difficulty
involving easier calculations, visual cues and more accessible
language.


Outcomes:

Students complete sankey worksheet - drawing Sankey
diagrams to show wasted energy forms, including those
of an incandescent light bulb
Teacher will discuss answers with students
Possible discussion points (INPUT ENERGY, USEFUL
OUTPUT ENERGY, WASTED OUTPUT ENERGY.
Kinetic energy is energy of motion (movement). The
kinetic energy of an object is the energy it possesses
because of its motion.
Other key words - Input energy, useful output energy
(kinetic), wasted output energy (heat), wasted output
energy (sound)

Activities:

Worksheet (see below)

Check
Understanding:

Answer worksheet questions (summative assessment)
and discussion (formative assessment)
Class discussion (formative assessment)

Closure & Review:

Key inquiry words: Kinetic energy is energy of motion
(movement). The kinetic energy of an object is the
energy it possesses because of its motion.
Other key words - Input energy, useful output energy
(kinetic), wasted output energy (heat), wasted output
energy (sound)
And tie into learning outcomes


Timing of lesson Introduction 8 mins
Worksheet 32 mins
Discussion wrap up 8 mins


Todds Percentage Energy Efficiency
Worksheet
Name __________________________
Sankey Diagrams

A Sankey diagram shows you how well a machine uses energy. In other
words, it tells you if it uses it efficiently (without much waste) or inefficiently
(with a lot of waste).

The thickness of the arrows shows how much energy is involved. (The length
of the arrows does not matter in a Sankey Diagram.) Useful energy transfers
are shown going left to right. Wasteful energy transfers are shown going
upwards.











Energy into
machine
(100 %)
Useful
Energy out
of machine
(50 %)
Wasted
Energy
(50 %)

1. Write in these labels on the diagram above:
a. INPUT ENERGY
b. USEFUL OUTPUT ENERGY
c. WASTED OUTPUT ENERGY


2. A normal filament bulb transfers 10% of energy as light (useful) but 90%
as heat energy (wasted). Draw a Sankey diagram in the space below.
Remember to label it with: INPUT ENERGY, USEFUL OUTPUT ENERGY,
and WASTED OUTPUT ENERGY


3. An energy efficient bulb transfers 40% of the energy as useful
light energy.

a. How much energy is transferred as heat?
_____________________

b. Draw a Sankey Diagram in the space below
Note: On this scale, each tiny square on the graph paper represents 10%

Remember to label it with: INPUT ENERGY, USEFUL OUTPUT ENERGY,
and WASTED OUTPUT ENERGY

4. A team of scientists test an old banger car. They find out that only 10% of
the energy is transferred as kinetic energy (useful)
and 70% is transferred as heat energy (wasted).

a. How much energy is wasted as sound?
_______________________

b. Draw a Sankey Diagram in the space below
Label the arrows with input energy, useful output energy (kinetic),
wasted output energy (heat), wasted output energy (sound)

5. A team of scientists test a brand new hybrid car. They find out that 40% of
the energy is transferred as kinetic energy (useful) and 55% is transferred
as heat energy (wasted).

a. How much energy is wasted as sound?
_______________________
b. Draw a Sankey Diagram in the space below
Remember to label each of the arrows!!!

6. Inquire and research using the Internet and then explain why driving a
newer car is greener than driving a very old car?
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