Chapter 14

14-1

N
22

3.667 in
P
6

Table 14-2:

Y = 0.331
dn (3.667)(1200)
Eq. (13-34): V

1152 ft/min
12
12
1200 1152
Eq. (14-4b): K v
1.96
1200
H
15
Eq. (13-35) : W t 33 000
33 000
429.7 lbf
V
1152
K vW t P 1.96(429.7)(6)

7633 psi 7.63 kpsi Ans.

Eq. (14-7):
FY
2(0.331)
________________________________________________________________________
18
N

1.8 in
10
P
Table 14-2: Y = 0.309
dn (1.8)(600)
Eq. (13-34): V

282.7 ft/min
12
12
1200 282.7
Eq. (14-4b): K v
1.236
1200
H
2
Eq. (13-35) : W t 33 000
33 000
233.5 lbf
V
282.7
K W t P 1.236(233.5)(10)
Eq. (14-7):
v

9340 psi 9.34 kpsi Ans.

FY
1.0(0.309)
________________________________________________________________________

14-2

14-3

d mN 1.25(18) 22.5 mm
Y = 0.309
dn (22.5)(103 )(1800)
V

2.121 m/s
60
60
6.1 2.121
Kv
1.348
6.1
60 000H
60 000(0.5)
Wt

0.2358 kN 235.8 N
dn
(22.5)(1800)

Table 14-2:

Eq. (14-6b):
Eq. (13-36):

K vW t
1.348(235.8)

68.6 MPa Ans.

FmY
12(1.25)(0.309)
________________________________________________________________________

Eq. (14-8):

Chapter 14, Page 1/39

14-4
Table 14-2:

Eq. (14-6b):
Eq. (13-36):

d mN 8(16) 128 mm
Y = 0.296
dn (128)(103 )(150)
V

1.0053 m/s
60
60
6.1 1.0053
Kv
1.165
6.1
60 000H
60 000(6)
Wt

5.968 kN 5968 N
dn
(128)(150)

K vW t
1.165(5968)

32.6 MPa Ans.

FmY
90(8)(0.296)
________________________________________________________________________

Eq. (14-8):

14-5
Table 14-2:

Eq. (14-6b):
Eq. (13-36):
Eq. (14-8):

d mN 1(16) 16 mm
Y = 0.296
dn (16)(103 )(400)
V

0.335 m/s
60
60
6.1 0.335
Kv
1.055
6.1
60 000H
60 000(0.15)
Wt

0.4476 kN 447.6 N
dn
(16)(400)

K vW t
1.055(447.6)
F

10.6 mm
mY 150(1)(0.296)

From Table 13-2, use F = 11 mm or 12 mm, depending on availability. Ans.

________________________________________________________________________
14-6
Table 14-2:

Eq. (14-6b):
Eq. (13-36):

Eq. (14-8):

d mN 2(20) 40 mm
Y = 0.322
dn (40)(103 )(200)
V

0.419 m/s
60
60
6.1 0.419
Kv
1.069
6.1
60 000H
60 000(0.5)
Wt

1.194 kN 1194 N
dn
(40)(200)

K vW t
1.069(1194)

26.4 mm
75(2.0)(0.322)
mY

From Table 13-2, use F = 28 mm. Ans.

________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 14, Page 2/39

14-7

24
N

4.8 in
5
P
Table 14-2: Y = 0.337
dn (4.8)(50)
Eq. (13-34): V

62.83 ft/min
12
12
1200 62.83
Eq. (14-4b): K v
1.052
1200
H
6
Eq. (13-35) : W t 33 000
33 000
3151 lbf
V
62.83
K vW t P 1.052(3151)(5)
F
Eq. (14-7):

2.46 in
20(103 )(0.337)
Y
d

Use F = 2.5 in Ans.

________________________________________________________________________
16
N

4.0 in
4
P
Table 14-2: Y = 0.296
dn (4.0)(400)
Eq. (13-34): V

418.9 ft/min
12
12
1200 418.9
Eq. (14-4b): K v
1.349
1200
H
20
Eq. (13-35) : W t 33 000
33 000
1575.6 lbf
V
418.9
K W t P 1.349(1575.6)(4)
F v
Eq. (14-7):

2.39 in
12(103 )(0.296)
Y
Use F = 2.5 in Ans.
________________________________________________________________________
d

14-8

14-9

Try P = 8 which gives d = 18/8 = 2.25 in and Y = 0.309.

Eq. (13-34):

Eq. (14-4b):
Eq. (13-35):
Eq. (14-7):

dn
12

(2.25)(600)
12

353.4 ft/min

1200 353.4
1.295
1200
H
2.5
W t 33 000
33 000
233.4 lbf
V
353.4
K W t P 1.295(233.4)(8)
F v

0.783 in
10(103 )(0.309)
Y
Kv

Using coarse integer pitches from Table 13-2, the following table is formed.

Chapter 14, Page 3/39

d
V
Wt
Kv
9.000 1413.717 2.178 58.356
6.000 942.478 1.785 87.535
4.500 706.858 1.589 116.713
3.000 471.239 1.393 175.069
2.250 353.429 1.295 233.426
1.800 282.743 1.236 291.782
1.500 235.619 1.196 350.139
1.125 176.715 1.147 466.852

P
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
16

F
0.082
0.152
0.240
0.473
0.782
1.167
1.627
2.773

Other considerations may dictate the selection. Good candidates are P = 8

(F = 7/8 in) and P =10 (F = 1.25 in). Ans.
________________________________________________________________________
14-10 Try m = 2 mm which gives d = 2(18) = 36 mm and Y = 0.309.
V

dn

(36)(103 )(900)

1.696 m/s
60
60
6.1 1.696
Eq. (14-6b): K v
1.278
6.1
60 000H
60 000(1.5)
Eq. (13-36): W t

0.884 kN 884 N
dn
(36)(900)
1.278(884)
Eq. (14-8):
F
24.4 mm
75(2)(0.309)
Using the preferred module sizes from Table 13-2:
m
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
16.00
20.00
25.00
32.00
40.00
50.00

d
18.0
22.5
27.0
36.0
54.0
72.0
90.0
108.0
144.0
180.0
216.0
288.0
360.0
450.0
576.0
720.0
900.0

V
0.848
1.060
1.272
1.696
2.545
3.393
4.241
5.089
6.786
8.482
10.179
13.572
16.965
21.206
27.143
33.929
42.412

F
Kv
Wt
1.139 1768.388 86.917
1.174 1414.711 57.324
1.209 1178.926 40.987
1.278 884.194 24.382
1.417 589.463 12.015
1.556 442.097 7.422
1.695 353.678 5.174
1.834 294.731 3.888
2.112 221.049 2.519
2.391 176.839 1.824
2.669 147.366 1.414
3.225 110.524 0.961
3.781
88.419 0.721
4.476
70.736 0.547
5.450
55.262 0.406
6.562
44.210 0.313
7.953
35.368 0.243

Chapter 14, Page 4/39

1.204(202.6) 1
1
C 2100

F cos 20 0.228 0.684

1/ 2

100(103 )

2100 1.204(202.6) 1
1

0.669 in
3

100(10 ) cos 20 0.228 0.684

Use F = 0.75 in Ans.

________________________________________________________________________

d p 5(24) 120 mm, dG 5(48) 240 mm

14-13

(120)(103 )(50)
0.3142 m/s
60

3.05 0.3142
1.103
3.05
60 000H
60(103 ) H
Wt

3.183H
dn
(120)(50)
where H is in kW and Wt is in kN

Eq. (14-6a):

Kv

Table 14-8: C p 163 MPa [Note: Using Eq. (14-13) can result in wide variation in
C p due to wide variation in cast iron properties].
120sin 20
240 sin 20
Eq. (14-12): r1
20.52 mm, r2
41.04 mm
2
2
Eq. (14-14):

1.103(3.183) 103 H
690 163
60 cos 20o

1/ 2

1
1

20.52 41.04

H 3.94 kW Ans.
________________________________________________________________________

14-14

Eq. (14-6a):

d P 4(20) 80 mm, dG 4(32) 128 mm

(80)(103 )(1000)
V
4.189 m/s
60
3.05 4.189
Kv
2.373
3.05
60(10)(103 )
Wt
2.387 kN 2387 N
(80)(1000)

Table 14-8: C p 163 MPa [Note: Using Eq. (14-13) can result in wide variation in
C p due to wide variation in cast iron properties.]
80 sin 20
128sin 20
Eq. (14-12): r1
13.68 mm, r2
21.89 mm
2
2
Chapter 14, Page 6/39

1/ 2

2.373(2387) 1
1

617 MPa Ans.

50 cos 20 13.68 21.89

________________________________________________________________________

Eq. (14-14):

C 163

14-15 The pinion controls the design.

Bending

Y P = 0.303,

Y G = 0.359

17
30
1.417 in, dG
2.500 in
12
12
d Pn (1.417)(525)
V

194.8 ft/min
12
12
1200 194.8
Eq. (14-4b): K v
1.162
1200
Eq. (6-8), p. 282:
Se 0.5(76) 38.0 kpsi
Eq. (6-19), p. 287:
k a = 2.70(76)0.265 = 0.857
2.25 2.25
l

0.1875 in
12
Pd
3Y
3(0.303)
Eq. (14-3):
x P
0.0379 in
2P
2(12)
dP

Eq. (b), p. 737: t

Eq. (6-25), p. 289:

4lx

4(0.1875)(0.0379) 0.1686 in

de 0.808 hb 0.808 0.875(0.1686) 0.310 in

0.107

0.310
kb
Eq. (6-20), p. 288:
0.996

0.3
kc = kd = ke = 1
Account for one-way bending with k f = 1.66. (See Ex. 14-2.)
Eq. (6-18), p. 287:

S e = 0.857(0.996)(1)(1)(1)(1.66)(38.0) = 53.84 kpsi

For stress concentration, find the radius of the root fillet (See Ex. 14-2).
rf

0.300 0.300

0.025 in
P
12

From Fig. A-15-6,

r
r
0.025
f
0.148
d
t
0.1686
Approximate D/d = with D/d = 3; from Fig. A-15-6, K t = 1.68.
From Fig. 6-20, with S ut = 76 kpsi and r = 0.025 in, q = 0.62.
Eq. (6-32):

K f = 1 + 0.62 (1.68 1) = 1.42

Chapter 14, Page 7/39

Se
53.84

16.85 psi
1.42(2.25)
K f nd
0.875(0.303)(16 850)
FYP all
320.4 lbf
Wt

1.162(12)
K v Pd
320.4(194.8)
W tV

1.89 hp Ans.
H
33 000
33 000

all

Wear

1 = 2 = 0.292, E 1 = E 2 = 30(106) psi

1/ 2

Eq. (14-13):

1
Cp

2
1 0.292
2 30 106

Eq. (14-12):

r1

2285 psi

dP
1.417
sin
sin 20 0.242 in
2
2
d
2.500
r2 G sin
sin 20 0.428 in
2
2
1 1
1
1

6.469 in 1
r1 r2
0.242 0.428

(SC )108 0.4H B 10 kpsi [0.4(149) 10](103 ) 49 600 psi

From the discussion and equation developed on the bottom of p. 329,
S 8 49 600
C ,all C 10
33 067 psi
n
2.25

Eq. (6-68), p. 329:

33 067 0.875cos 20
Wt

22.6 lbf
2285 1.162(6.469)
W tV
22.6(194.8)
H

0.133 hp Ans.
33 000
33 000
Rating power (pinion controls):

Eq. (14-14):

H 1 = 1.89 hp
H 2 = 0.133 hp
H all = (min 1.89, 0.133) = 0.133 hp Ans.
________________________________________________________________________
14-16 See Prob. 14-15 solution for equation numbers.

Chapter 14, Page 8/39

Pinion controls:
Bending

Y P = 0.322,

Y G = 0.447

d P = 20/3 = 6.667 in, d G = 100/3 = 33.333 in

V d P n / 12 (6.667)(870) / 12 1519 ft/min
K v (1200 1519) / 1200 2.266
Se 0.5(113) 56.5 kpsi
ka 2.70(113) 0.265 0.771
l 2.25 / Pd 2.25 / 3 0.75 in
x 3(0.322) / [2(3)] 0.161 in
t 4(0.75)(0.161) 0.695 in
d e 0.808 2.5(0.695) 1.065 in
kb (1.065 / 0.30) 0.107 0.873
kc kd ke 1
k f = 1.66 (See Ex. 14-2.)
Se 0.771(0.873)(1)(1)(1)(1.66)(56.5) 63.1 kpsi
rf 0.300 / 3 0.100 in
r
r
0.100
f
0.144
d
t
0.695
K t = 1.75, q = 0.85, K f = 1.64
Se
63.1
all

25.7 kpsi
K f nd
1.64(1.5)
FYP all
2.5(0.322)(25 700)
Wt
3043 lbf

K v Pd
2.266(3)
H W tV / 33 000 3043(1519) / 33 000 140 hp

Ans.

Wear
1/ 2

Eq. (14-13):

Eq. (14-12):

1
Cp

2
1 0.292
2 30 106

2285 psi

r 1 = (6.667/2) sin 20 = 1.140 in

r 2 = (33.333/2) sin 20 = 5.700 in

Eq. (6-68), p. 329:

C ,all

S C = [0.4(262) 10](103) = 94 800 psi

SC / nd 94 800 / 1.5 77 400 psi

Chapter 14, Page 9/39

F cos

1
W t C ,all
C p K v 1 / r1 1 / r2

2
1
77 400 2.5cos 20

2285 2.266 1 / 1.140 1 / 5.700

1130 lbf
W tV
1130(1519)
H

52.0 hp Ans.
33 000
33 000
For 108 cycles (revolutions of the pinion), the power based on wear is 52.0 hp.
Rating power (pinion controls):

H1 140 hp
H 2 52.0 hp
H rated min(140, 52.0) 52.0 hp Ans.
________________________________________________________________________
14-17 See Prob. 14-15 solution for equation numbers.
Given: = 20, n = 1145 rev/min, m = 6 mm, F = 75 mm, N P = 16 milled teeth,
N G = 30T, S ut = 900 MPa, H B = 260, n d = 3, Y P = 0.296, and Y G = 0.359.

Pinion bending

d P mN P 6(16) 96 mm
dG 6(30) 180 mm
d Pn (96)(103 )(1145)

5.76 m/s
V
60
(60)
6.1 5.76
Kv
1.944
6.1
Se 0.5(900) 450 MPa
ka 4.51(900)0.265 0.744
l 2.25m 2.25(6) 13.5 mm
x 3Ym / 2 3(0.296)6 / 2 2.664 mm
t 4lx 4(13.5)(2.664) 12.0 mm
de 0.808 75(12.0) 24.23 mm
0.107

24.23
0.884
kb

7.62
kc k d k e 1
k f = 1.66 (See Ex. 14-2)
S e 0.744(0.884)(1)(1)(1)(1.66)(450) 491.3 MPa

rf 0.300m 0.300(6) 1.8 mm

r/d = r f /t = 1.8/12 = 0.15, K t = 1.68, q = 0.86, K f = 1.58

Chapter 14, Page 10/39

 all

Se
491.3

239.2 MPa
K f nd 1.58 1.3

Eq. (14-8):

Wt

FYm all
75(0.296)(6)(239.2)

16 390 N
Kv
1.944

Eq. (13-36):

W t dn 16.39 (96)(1145)

94.3 kW
60 000
60 000

Ans.

Wear: Pinion and gear

Eq. (14-12):

r 1 = (96/2) sin 20 = 16.42 mm

r 2 = (180/2) sin 20 = 30.78 mm
1/ 2

1
Eq. (14-13): C p
190 MPa
2

1
0.292

2 207 103

Eq. (6-68), p. 329:
S C = 6.89[0.4(260) 10] = 647.7 MPa
647.7
C ,all SC / nd
568 MPa
1.3

Eq. (14-14):

W C ,all
Cp

F cos
1

K v 1 / r1 1 / r2

Eq. (13-36):

o
1
568 75cos 20

3469 N
190 1.944 1 / 16.42 1 / 30.78
W t dn 3.469 (96)(1145)

20.0 kW
H
60 000
60 000

Thus, wear controls the gearset power rating; H = 20.0 kW. Ans.
________________________________________________________________________
N P = 17 teeth, N G = 51 teeth
N 17
dP

2.833 in
P
6
51
dG
8.500 in
6
V d P n / 12 (2.833)(1120) / 12 830.7 ft/min

14-18

Eq. (14-4b):

K v = (1200 + 830.7)/1200 = 1.692

Chapter 14, Page 11/39

 all

Sy
nd

90 000
45 000 psi
2

Table 14-2:

Y P = 0.303, Y G = 0.410

Eq. (14-7):

Wt

Eq. (13-35):

W tV
2686(830.7)
H

67.6 hp
33 000
33 000

FYP all
2(0.303)(45 000)

2686 lbf
KvP
1.692(6)

Based on yielding in bending, the power is 67.6 hp.

(a) Pinion fatigue

Bending
Eq. (2-121), p. 41: S ut = 0.5 H B = 0.5(232) = 116 kpsi
Eq. (6-8), p. 282: Se 0.5Sut 0.5(116) 58 kpsi
Eq. (6-19), p. 287: ka 2.70(116) 0.265 0.766

Table 13-1, p. 696: l

Eq. (14-3): x

1
1.25 2.25 2.25

0.375 in
6
Pd
Pd
Pd

3YP
3(0.303)

0.0758 in
2P
2(6)

Eq. (b), p. 737: t

4lx

4(0.375)(0.0758) 0.337 in

Eq. (6-25), p. 289: de 0.808 F t 0.808 2(0.337) 0.663 in

0.663
Eq. (6-20), p. 288: kb

0.30
kc = kd = ke = 1

0.107

0.919

Account for one-way bending with k f = 1.66. (See Ex. 14-2.)

Eq. (6-18): Se 0.766(0.919)(1)(1)(1)(1.66)(58) 67.8 kpsi
For stress concentration, find the radius of the root fillet (See Ex. 14-2).
0.300 0.300
rf

0.050 in
P
6
r
0.05
r
Fig. A-15-6:
f
0.148
0.338
d
t
Estimate D/d = by setting D/d = 3, K t = 1.68.

Chapter 14, Page 12/39

Fig. 6-20, p. 295: q = 0.86

Eq. (6-32), p. 295: K f 1 (0.86)(1.68 1) 1.58

all

Se
67.8

21.5 kpsi
K f nd
1.58(2)

Wt

FYP all
2(0.303)(21 500)

1283 lbf
K v Pd
1.692(6)

W tV
1283(830.7)

32.3 hp
33 000
33 000

Ans.

(b) Pinion fatigue

Wear
1/ 2

Eq. (14-13):

Eq. (14-12):

Eq. (6-68):

1
Cp
2
6
2 [(1 - 0.292 ) / 30(10 )]

2285 psi

dP
2.833
sin
sin 20o 0.485 in
2
2
dG
8.500
r2
sin
sin 20o 1.454 in
2
2
1 1
1
1

2.750 in

r1 r2 0.485 1.454
r1

(SC )108 0.4H B 10 kpsi

In terms of gear notation

C = [0.4(232) 10]103 = 82 800 psi

We will introduce the design factor of n d = 2 and because it is a contact stress apply it
to the load Wt by dividing by 2 . (See p. 329.)

82 800
C,all c
58 548 psi
2
2
Solve Eq. (14-14) for Wt:
2

o
58 548 2 cos 20
W

265 lbf
2285 1.692(2.750)
W tV
265(830.7)
H all

6.67 hp Ans.
33 000
33 000
For 108 cycles (turns of pinion), the allowable power is 6.67 hp.
(c) Gear fatigue due to bending and wear

Chapter 14, Page 13/39

Bending
x

Eq. (14-3):

Eq. (b), p. 737: t

3YG
3(0.4103)

0.1026 in
2P
2(6)

4 lx

4(0.375)(0.1026) 0.392 in

Eq. (6-25): de 0.808 F t 0.808 2(0.392) 0.715 in

0.107

0.715
0.911
Eq. (6-20): kb

0.30
kc = kd = ke = 1
k f = 1.66. (See Ex. 14-2.)
Eq. (6-18): Se 0.766(0.911)(1)(1)(1)(1.66)(58) 67.2 kpsi
r
r
0.050
f
0.128
d
t
0.392
Approximate D/d = by setting D/d = 3 for Fig. A-15-6; K t = 1.80.
Fig. 6-20: q = 0.82
Eq. (6-32): K f 1 (0.82)(1.80 1) 1.66

all

Se
67.2

20.2 kpsi
K f nd
1.66(2)

Wt

FYP all
2(0.4103)(20 200)

1633 lbf
K v Pd
1.692(6)

W tV
1633(830.7)

41.1 hp
33 000
33 000
The gear is thus stronger than the pinion in bending.
H all

Ans.

Wear
Since the material of the pinion and the gear are the same, and the contact stresses are
the same, the allowable power transmission of both is the same. Thus, H all = 6.67 hp
for 108 revolutions of each. As yet, we have no way to establish S C for 108/3
revolutions.
(d)

Pinion bending:
H 1 = 32.3 hp
Pinion wear:
H 2 = 6.67 hp
Gear bending:
H 3 = 41.1 hp
Gear wear:
H 4 = 6.67 hp
Power rating of the gear set is thus
H rated = min(32.3, 6.67, 41.1, 6.67) = 6.67 hp Ans.
________________________________________________________________________
14-19

d P = 16/6 = 2.667 in, d G = 48/6 = 8 in

Chapter 14, Page 14/39

(2.667)(300)

209.4 ft/min
12
33 000(5)
Wt
787.8 lbf
209.4

Assuming uniform loading, K o = 1.

Eq. (14-28): Qv 6, B 0.25(12 6) 2 / 3 0.8255
A 50 56(1 0.8255) 59.77
0.8255

59.77 209.4
Eq. (14-27): K v

59.77

Table 14-2: YP 0.296, YG 0.4056

From Eq. (a), Sec. 14-10 with F = 2 in
2 0.296
( K s ) P 1.192

1.196

0.0535

1.088
0.0535

2 0.4056
( K s )G 1.192
1.097

From Eq. (14-30) with C mc = 1

2
0.0375 0.0125(2) 0.0625
Cp f
10(2.667)
C p m 1, Cma 0.093 (Fig. 14 - 11), Ce 1
K m 1 1[0.0625(1) 0.093(1)] 1.156

Assuming constant thickness of the gears K B = 1

m G = N G /N P = 48/16 = 3
With N (pinion) = 108 cycles and N (gear) = 108/3, Fig. 14-14 provides the relations:
(YN ) P 1.3558(108 )0.0178 0.977
(YN )G 1.3558(108 / 3)0.0178 0.996
Fig. 14-6:
J P 0.27, J G 0.38
Table 14-10: K R = 0.85
KT = Cf = 1
Eq. (14-23):
Table 14-8:

cos 20o sin 20o 3

0.1205
2(1)
3 1

C p 2300 psi

Strength: Grade 1 steel with H BP = H BG = 200

Chapter 14, Page 15/39

Fig. 14-2:

(S t ) P = (S t ) G = 77.3(200) + 12 800 = 28 260 psi

Fig. 14-5:

(S c ) P = (S c ) G = 322(200) + 29 100 = 93 500 psi

Fig. 14-15:

(Z N ) P = 1.4488(108)0.023 = 0.948
(Z N ) G = 1.4488(108/3)0.023 = 0.973

Sec. 14-12:

H BP /H BG = 1 C H = 1

Pinion tooth bending

Eq. (14-15):

( ) P W t K o K v K s

Pd K m K B
F J

6 (1.156)(1)
787.8(1)(1.196)(1.088)
2 0.27
13 170 psi Ans.

Eq. (14-41):

S Y / ( KT K R )
(S F ) P t N

28 260(0.977) / [(1)(0.85)]

2.47
13 170

Ans.

Gear tooth bending

Eq. (14-15):
Eq. (14-41):

6 (1.156)(1)
9433 psi
( )G 787.8(1)(1.196)(1.097)
2 0.38
28 260(0.996) / [(1)(0.85)]
3.51 Ans.
( S F )G
9433

Ans.

Pinion tooth wear

1/ 2

Eq. (14-16):

K C
( c ) P C p W t K o K v K s m f
d P F I P

1/ 2

1.156 1
2300 787.8(1)(1.196)(1.088)

2.667(2) 0.1205

98 760 psi Ans.

Eq. (14-42):
S Z /( KT K R )
93 500(0.948) /[(1)(0.85)]
(S H ) P c N
1.06

98 760
c

Ans.

Gear tooth wear

Chapter 14, Page 16/39

1/ 2

1/ 2

(K )
1.097
( c )G s G ( c ) P
(98 760) 99 170 psi
1.088
(K s )P
93 500(0.973)(1) /[(1)(0.85)]
( S H )G
1.08 Ans.
99 170

Ans.

The hardness of the pinion and the gear should be increased.

________________________________________________________________________
14-20

d P = 2.5(20) = 50 mm, d G = 2.5(36) = 90 mm

d PnP (50)(103 )(100)
V

0.2618 m/s
60
60
60(120)
Wt
458.4 N
(50)(103 )(100)
With no specific information given to indicate otherwise, assume
KB = Ko = Y = ZR = 1
Eq. (14-28):
Eq. (14-27):
Table 14-2:

Q v = 6, B = 0.25(12 6)2/3 = 0.8255

A = 50 + 56(1 0.8255) = 59.77
59.77 200(0.2618)
Kv

59.77

Y P = 0.322, Y G = 0.3775

0.8255

1.099

Similar to Eq. (a) of Sec. 14-10 but for SI units:

Ks

1
0.8433 mF Y
kb

0.0535

( K s ) P 0.8433 2.5(18) 0.322

0.0535

( K s )G 0.8433 2.5(18) 0.3775

Cmc Ce C pm 1

1.003

0.0535

=1.007

use 1
use 1

18
0.025 0.011
10(50)
0.247 0.0167(0.709) 0.765(104 )(0.7092 ) 0.259
K H 1 1[0.011(1) 0.259(1)] 1.27
F 18 / 25.4 0.709 in, C pf

Cma

Fig. 14-14:

(Y N ) P = 1.3558(108)0.0178 = 0.977
(Y N ) G = 1.3558(108/1.8)0.0178 = 0.987

Fig. 14-6:
Eq. (14-38):

(Y J ) P = 0.33, (Y J ) G = 0.38
Y Z = 0.658 0.0759 ln(1 0.95) = 0.885

Chapter 14, Page 17/39

cos 20o sin 20o 1.8

0.103
2(1)
1.8 1

Eq. (14-23):

ZI

Table 14-8:

Z E 191 MPa

Strength

Grade 1 steel, H BP = H BG = 200

Fig. 14-2:
Fig. 14-5:
Fig. 14-15:

(S t ) P = (S t ) G = 0.533(200) + 88.3 = 194.9 MPa

(S c ) P = (S c ) G = 2.22(200) + 200 = 644 MPa
(Z N ) P = 1.4488(108)0.023 = 0.948
(Z N )G 1.4488(108 / 1.8)0.023 0.961
H BP / H BG 1 ZW CH 1

Fig. 14-12:

Pinion tooth bending

Eq. (14-15):

1 KH KB
( ) P W t K o K v K s

bmt YJ P

1 1.27(1)
458.4(1)(1.099)(1)

43.08 MPa
18(2.5) 0.33

S Y
194.9 0.977
Eq. (14-41) for SI: (S F ) P t N
4.99
43.08 1(0.885)
Y YZ P

Ans.

Ans.

Gear tooth bending

1 1.27(1)
( )G 458.4(1)(1.099)(1)

37.42 MPa
18(2.5) 0.38
194.9 0.987
( S F )G
5.81 Ans.
37.42 1(0.885)

Ans.

Pinion tooth wear

Eq. (14-16):

K Z
( c ) P Z E W t K o K v K s H R

d w1b Z I P

1.27 1
191 458.4(1)(1.099)(1)

501.8 MPa
50(18) 0.103
S Z Z
644 0.948(1)
Eq. (14-42) for SI: ( S H ) P c N W
1.37 Ans.
501.8 1(0.885)
c Y YZ P

Ans.

Gear tooth wear

(K )
( c )G s G
(K s )P

1/ 2

1/ 2

1
( c ) P
1

(501.8) 501.8 MPa

Ans.

Chapter 14, Page 18/39

644 0.961(1)
1.39 Ans.
501.8 1(0.885)
________________________________________________________________________
( S H )G

14-21

Pt Pn cos 6 cos 30 5.196 teeth/in

48
16
(3.079) 9.238 in
dP
3.079 in, dG
5.196
16
(3.079)(300)
241.8 ft/min
V
12
0.8255
59.77 241.8
33 000(5)
t
682.3 lbf , K v
1.210
W

241.8
59.77

From Prob. 14-19:

YP 0.296, YG 0.4056
( K s ) P 1.088, ( K s )G 1.097, K B 1
mG 3, (YN ) P 0.977, (YN )G 0.996, K R 0.85
( St ) P ( St )G 28 260 psi, CH 1, ( S c ) P ( S c )G 93 500 psi
( Z N ) P 0.948,

( Z N )G 0.973,

C p 2300 psi

The pressure angle is:

tan 20

t tan 1
22.80
cos 30
3.079
cos 22.8 1.419 in,
2
a 1 / Pn 1 / 6 0.167 in

(rb ) P

(rb )G 3(rb ) P 4.258 in

Eq. (14-25):
1/ 2

2
2
3.079

9.238

2
0.167 4.2582
Z
0.167 1.419

2
3.079 9.238

sin 22.8
2
2
0.9479 2.1852 2.3865 0.7466 Conditions O.K . for use

pN pn cos n

Eq. (14-21):

mN

1/ 2

cos 20 0.4920 in

pN
0.492

0.6937
0.95Z
0.95(0.7466)

Chapter 14, Page 19/39

Eq. (14-23):

sin 22.8 cos 22.8 3

I
3 1 0.193
2(0.6937)

Fig. 14-7:

J P 0.45,

J G 0.54

Fig. 14-8: Corrections are 0.94 and 0.98.

J P 0.45(0.94) 0.423, J G 0.54(0.98) 0.529
2
0.0375 0.0125(2) 0.0525
Cmc 1, C pf
10(3.079)
C pm 1, Cma 0.093, Ce 1
K m 1 (1)[0.0525(1) 0.093(1)] 1.146

Pinion tooth bending

5.196 1.146(1)
( ) P 682.3(1)(1.21)(1.088)
6323 psi

2 0.423
28 260(0.977) / [1(0.85)]
(S F ) P
5.14 Ans.
6323

Ans.

Gear tooth bending

5.196 1.146(1)
( )G 682.3(1)(1.21)(1.097)
5097 psi

2 0.529
28 260(0.996) / [1(0.85)]
( S F )G
6.50 Ans.
5097

Ans.

Pinion tooth wear

1/ 2

1.146 1
( c ) P 2300 682.3(1)(1.21)(1.088)

3.078(2) 0.193

93 500(0.948) / [(1)(0.85)]
(S H ) P
1.54 Ans.
67 700

67 700 psi

Ans.

Gear tooth wear

1/ 2

1.097
( c )G
(67 700) 67 980 psi Ans.
1.088
93 500(0.973) /[(1)(0.85)]
1.57 Ans.
( S H )G
67 980
________________________________________________________________________
14-22 Given: R = 0.99 at 108 cycles, H B = 232 through-hardening Grade 1, core and case, both
gears. N P = 17T, N G = 51T,
Table 14-2: Y P = 0.303, Y G = 0.4103
Chapter 14, Page 20/39

Fig. 14-6:

J P = 0.292, J G = 0.396
d P = N P / P = 17 / 6 = 2.833 in, d G = 51 / 6 = 8.500 in.

Pinion bending
From Fig. 14-2:
0.99

Fig. 14-14:

( St )107 77.3H B 12 800

77.3(232) 12 800 30 734 psi

Y N = 1.6831(108)0.0323 = 0.928
V d P n / 12 (2.833)(1120 / 12) 830.7 ft/min
KT K R 1, S F 2, S H 2
30 734(0.928)
14 261 psi
all
2(1)(1)

Qv 5, B 0.25(12 5)2 / 3 0.9148

A 50 56(1 0.9148) 54.77
54.77 830.7
K v

54.77

0.9148

1.472

0.0535

2 0.303
K s 1.192
1.089 use 1

K m Cm f 1 Cmc (C p f C p m CmaCe )
Cmc 1
F
0.0375 0.0125F
10d
2

0.0375 0.0125(2) 0.0581

10(2.833)
1

C pf

C pm

Eq. (14-15):

Cma 0.127 0.0158(2) 0.093(104 )(22 ) 0.1586

Ce 1
K m 1 1[0.0581(1) 0.1586(1)] 1.217
KB 1
FJ P all
Wt
K o K v K s Pd K m K B
2(0.292)(14 261)

775 lbf
1(1.472)(1)(6)(1.217)(1)
775(830.7)
W tV
H

19.5 hp
33 000
33 000

Pinion wear

Chapter 14, Page 21/39

Fig. 14-15:
Eq. (14-23):
Fig. 14-5:

Z N = 2.466N0.056 = 2.466(108)0.056 = 0.879

mG 51 / 17 3
cos 20o sin 20o 3
I

1.205,
2
3 1

CH 1

(Sc )107 322H B 29 100

322(232) 29 100 103 804 psi
103 804(0.879)
c,all
64 519 psi
2(1)(1)
0.99

Eq. (14-16):

Fd P I
W c,all
C p K o K v K s K mC f

2
64 519 2(2.833)(0.1205)

2300 1(1.472)(1)(1.2167)(1)
300 lbf
W tV
300(830.7)
H

7.55 hp
33 000
33 000
t

The pinion controls, therefore H rated = 7.55 hp Ans.

________________________________________________________________________
14-23

l = 2.25/ P d ,
t

4 lx

x = 3Y / 2P d
2.25 3Y 3.674
4
Y

Pd
Pd 2Pd

3.674
F Y
d e 0.808 F t 0.808 F
Y 1.5487
Pd
Pd
0.107

0.0535
1.5487 F Y / P
F Y
d

kb
0.8389

Pd
0.30

0.0535
F Y
1
Ks
Ans.
1.192

kb
Pd
________________________________________________________________________

14-24 Y P = 0.331, Y G = 0.422, J P = 0.345, J G = 0.410, K o = 1.25. The service conditions are
adequately described by K o . Set S F = S H = 1.

d P = 22 / 4 = 5.500 in
d G = 60 / 4 = 15.000 in

Chapter 14, Page 22/39

V
Pinion bending
0.99

(5.5)(1145)
12

1649 ft/min

(St )107 77.3H B 12 800 77.3(250) 12 800 32 125 psi

YN 1.6831[3(109 )]0.0323 0.832

Eq. (14-17):

32 125(0.832)
26 728 psi
1(1)(1)
B 0.25(12 6)2 / 3 0.8255
A 50 56(1 0.8255) 59.77

all P

0.8255

59.77 1649
K v
1.534

59.77

K s 1, Cm 1
F
Cmc
0.0375 0.0125F
10d
3.25

0.0375 0.0125(3.25) 0.0622

10(5.5)
Cma 0.127 0.0158(3.25) 0.093(104 )(3.252 ) 0.178

Ce 1

K m Cm f 1 (1)[0.0622(1) 0.178(1)] 1.240

K B 1,

Eq. (14-15):

KT 1

26 728(3.25)(0.345)
3151 lbf
1.25(1.534)(1)(4)(1.240)
3151(1649)
H1
157.5 hp
33 000

W1t

Gear bending By similar reasoning, W2t 3861 lbf and H 2 192.9 hp

Pinion wear
mG 60 / 22 2.727

cos 20o sin 20o 2.727

0.1176
2
1 2.727
0.99 (S c )107 322(250) 29 100 109 600 psi
I

(Z N ) P 2.466[3(109 )]0.056 0.727

(Z N )G 2.466[3(109 ) / 2.727]0.056 0.769
109 600(0.727)
79 679 psi
( c,all ) P
1(1)(1)

Chapter 14, Page 23/39

Fd P I
W3t c,all
C KKKK C
p o v s m f
2

79 679 3.25(5.5)(0.1176)

1061 lbf
2300 1.25(1.534)(1)(1.24)(1)
1061(1649)
H3
53.0 hp
33 000

Gear wear
Similarly,

W4t 1182 lbf ,

H 4 59.0 hp

Rating
H rated min( H1, H 2 , H 3 , H 4 )
min(157.5, 192.9, 53, 59) 53 hp

Ans.

Note differing capacities. Can these be equalized?

________________________________________________________________________
14-25 From Prob. 14-24:
W1t 3151 lbf , W2t 3861 lbf ,
W3t 1061 lbf , W4t 1182 lbf
33 000K o H
33 000(1.25)(40)

1000 lbf
Wt
V
1649

Pinion bending: The factor of safety, based on load and stress, is

W1t
3151
(S F ) P

3.15
1000 1000
Gear bending based on load and stress
( S F )G

W2t
3861

3.86
1000 1000

Pinion wear
based on load:
based on stress:

W3t
1061

1.06
1000 1000
(S H ) P 1.06 1.03
n3

Gear wear
based on load:

n4

W4t
1182

1.18
1000 1000
Chapter 14, Page 24/39

(SH )G 1.18 1.09

based on stress:

Factors of safety are used to assess the relative threat of loss of function 3.15, 3.86, 1.06,
1.18 where the threat is from pinion wear. By comparison, the AGMA safety factors
(S F ) P , (S F ) G , (S H ) P , (S H ) G
are
3.15, 3.86, 1.03, 1.09 or 3.15, 3.86, 1.061/2, 1.181/2
and the threat is again from pinion wear. Depending on the magnitude of the numbers,
using S F and S H as defined by AGMA, does not necessarily lead to the same conclusion
concerning threat. Therefore be cautious.
________________________________________________________________________
14-26 Solution summary from Prob. 14-24: n = 1145 rev/min, K o = 1.25, Grade 1 materials,
N P = 22T, N G = 60T, m G = 2.727, Y P = 0.331,Y G = 0.422, J P = 0.345, J G = 0.410, P d =
4T /in, F = 3.25 in, Q v = 6, (N c ) P = 3(109), R = 0.99, K m = 1.240, K T = 1, K B = 1,
d P = 5.500 in, d G = 15.000 in, V = 1649 ft/min, K v = 1.534, (K s ) P = (K s ) G = 1, (Y N ) P =
0.832, (Y N ) G = 0.859, K R = 1

Pinion H B : 250 core, 390 case

Gear H B : 250 core, 390 case
Bending

( all ) P
( all )G
W1t
W2t

26 728 psi
27 546 psi
3151 lbf ,
3861 lbf ,

(St ) P 32 125 psi

(St )G 32 125 psi
H1 157.5 hp
H 2 192.9 hp

Wear

20o ,

I 0.1176,

(Z N ) P 0.727

(Z N )G 0.769, CP 2300 psi

(Sc ) P Sc 322(390) 29 100 154 680 psi
154 680(0.727)
112 450 psi
( c,all ) P
1(1)(1)
154 680(0.769)
118 950 psi
( c,all )G
1(1)(1)
2

112 450
W3t
(1061) 2113 lbf ,
79 679

H3

2113(1649)
105.6 hp
33 000

118 950
W
(1182) 2354 lbf ,
109 600(0.769)
t
4

H4

2354(1649)
117.6 hp
33 000

Rated power
Chapter 14, Page 25/39

H rated = min(157.5, 192.9, 105.6, 117.6) = 105.6 hp

Ans.

Prob. 14-24:
H rated = min(157.5, 192.9, 53.0, 59.0) = 53 hp
The rated power approximately doubled.
________________________________________________________________________
14-27 The gear and the pinion are 9310 grade 1, carburized and case-hardened to obtain Brinell
285 core and Brinell 580600 case.

Table 14-3:

0.99

(St )107 55 000 psi

Modification of S t by (Y N ) P = 0.832 produces

( all ) P 45 657 psi,

Similarly for (Y N ) G = 0.859

( all )G 47 161 psi,

W 4569 lbf ,
W 5668 lbf ,
t
1
t
2

and

H1 228 hp
H 2 283 hp

From Table 14-8, C p 2300 psi. Also, from Table 14-6:

0.99

(Sc )107 180 000 psi

Modification of S c by Y N produces

( c,all ) P 130 525 psi

( c,all )G 138 069 psi
and

W3t 2489 lbf ,

W4t 2767 lbf ,

H 3 124.3 hp
H 4 138.2 hp

Rating
H rated = min(228, 283, 124, 138) = 124 hp Ans.
________________________________________________________________________

14-28 Grade 2, 9310 carburized and case-hardened to 285 core and 580 case in Prob. 14-27.
Chapter 14, Page 26/39

Summary:
Table 14-3:

0.99

(St )107 65 000 psi

( all ) P 53 959 psi

( all )G 55 736 psi
and it follows that

W1t 5400 lbf ,

W2t 6699 lbf ,

H1 270 hp
H 2 335 hp

From Table 14-8, C p 2300 psi. Also, from Table 14-6:

Sc 225 000 psi

( c,all ) P 181 285 psi

( c,all )G 191 762 psi
Consequently,

W3t 4801 lbf ,

W4t 5337 lbf ,

H 3 240 hp
H 4 267 hp

Rating
H rated = min(270, 335, 240, 267) = 240 hp. Ans.
________________________________________________________________________
14-29 Given: n = 1145 rev/min, K o = 1.25, N P = 22T, N G = 60T, m G = 2.727, d P = 2.75 in, d G =
7.5 in, Y P = 0.331,Y G = 0.422, J P = 0.335, J G = 0.405, P = 8T /in, F = 1.625 in, H B = 250,
case and core, both gears. C m = 1, F/d P = 0.0591, C f = 0.0419, C pm = 1, C ma = 0.152,
C e = 1, K m = 1.1942, K T = 1, K B = 1, K s = 1,V = 824 ft/min, (Y N ) P = 0.8318, (Y N ) G =
0.859, K R = 1, I = 0.117 58
(St )107 32 125 psi
( all ) P 26 668 psi
( all )G 27 546 psi

0.99

and it follows that

W1t 879.3 lbf ,

W2t 1098 lbf ,

H1 21.97 hp
H 2 27.4 hp

For wear

Chapter 14, Page 27/39

W3t 304 lbf ,

W4t 340 lbf ,

H 3 7.59 hp
H 4 8.50 hp

Rating
H rated = min(21.97, 27.4, 7.59, 8.50) = 7.59 hp
In Prob. 14-24, H rated = 53 hp. Thus,
7.59
1
0.1432
,
53.0
6.98

not

1
8

Ans.

The transmitted load rating is

t
Wrated
min(879.3, 1098, 304, 340) 304 lbf

In Prob. 14-24
t
Wrated
1061 lbf

Thus
304
1
1
0.2865
Ans.
, not
1061
3.49
4
________________________________________________________________________

14-30 S P = S H = 1, P d = 4, J P = 0.345, J G = 0.410, K o = 1.25

Bending
Table 14-4:

0.99

(St )107 13 000 psi

13 000(1)
13 000 psi
1(1)(1)
all FJ P
13 000(3.25)(0.345)

1533 lbf
K o K v K s Pd K m K B 1.25(1.534)(1)(4)(1.24)(1)
1533(1649)

76.6 hp
33 000
W1t J G / J P 1533(0.410) / 0.345 1822 lbf
H1J G / J P 76.6(0.410) / 0.345 91.0 hp

( all ) P ( all )G

W1t
H1

W2t
H2
Wear
Table 14-8:
Table 14-7:

C p 1960 psi
0.99

(Sc )107 75 000 psi ( c,all ) P ( c,all )G

Chapter 14, Page 28/39

( )
Fd p I
W3t c,all P
C p K o K v K s K mC f
2

75 000 3.25(5.5)(0.1176)
W
1295 lbf

1960 1.25(1.534)(1)(1.24)(1)
W4t W3t 1295 lbf
1295(1649)
H 4 H3
64.7 hp
33 000
t
3

Rating
H rated = min(76.7, 94.4, 64.7, 64.7) = 64.7 hp

Ans.

Notice that the balance between bending and wear power is improved due to CIs more
favorable S c /S t ratio. Also note that the life is 107 pinion revolutions which is (1/300) of
3(109). Longer life goals require power de-rating.
________________________________________________________________________
14-31 From Table A-24a, E av = 11.8(106) Mpsi
For = 14.5 and H B = 156

SC

1.4(81)
51 693 psi
2sin14.5 / [11.8(106 )]

For = 20
1.4(112)
52 008 psi
2sin 20 / [11.8(106 )]
SC 0.32(156) 49.9 kpsi
The first two calculations were approximately 4 percent higher.
________________________________________________________________________
SC

14-32 Programs will vary.

________________________________________________________________________
14-33

(YN ) P 0.977, (YN )G 0.996

(St ) P ( St )G 82.3(250) 12 150 32 725 psi
32 725(0.977)
( all ) P
37 615 psi
1(0.85)
37 615(1.5)(0.423)
W1t
1558 lbf
1(1.404)(1.043)(8.66)(1.208)(1)
1558(925)
H1
43.7 hp
33 000

Chapter 14, Page 29/39

32 725(0.996)
38 346 psi
1(0.85)
38 346(1.5)(0.5346)
W2t
2007 lbf
1(1.404)(1.043)(8.66)(1.208)(1)
2007(925)
H2
56.3 hp
33 000
(Z N ) P 0.948, (Z N )G 0.973
( all )G

Table 14-6:

0.99

(Sc )107 150 000 psi

0.948(1)
( c,allow ) P 150 000
167 294 psi
1(0.85)
2
167 294 1.963(1.5)(0.195)
W3t

2074 lbf
2300 1(1.404)(1.043)
2074(925)
H3
58.1 hp
33 000
0.973
( c,allow )G
(167 294) 171 706 psi
0.948
2
171 706 1.963(1.5)(0.195)
t
W4

2167 lbf
2300 1(1.404)(1.052)
2167(925)
H4
60.7 hp
33 000
H rated min(43.7, 56.3, 58.1, 60.7) 43.7 hp Ans.
Pinion bending is controlling.
________________________________________________________________________
(YN ) P 1.6831(108 ) 0.0323 0.928

14-34

(YN )G 1.6831(108 / 3.059) 0.0323 0.962

Table 14-3:

S t = 55 000 psi
55 000(0.928)
60 047 psi
( all ) P
1(0.85)
60 047(1.5)(0.423)
W1t
2487 lbf
1(1.404)(1.043)(8.66)(1.208)(1)
2487(925)
H1
69.7 hp
33 000
0.962
( all )G
(60 047) 62 247 psi
0.928

Chapter 14, Page 30/39

62 247 0.5346

(2487) 3258 lbf

60 047 0.423
3258
H2
(69.7) 91.3 hp
2487

W2t

Table 14-6:

S c = 180 000 psi

(Z N ) P 2.466(108 )0.056 0.8790
(Z N )G 2.466(108 / 3.059) 0.056 0.9358
180 000(0.8790)
186 141 psi
( c,all ) P
1(0.85)
2

186 141 1.963(1.5)(0.195)

W

2568 lbf
2300 1(1.404)(1.043)
2568(925)
H3
72.0 hp
33 000
0.9358
( c,all )G
(186 141) 198 169 psi
0.8790
t
3

198 169 1.043

W

(2568) 2886 lbf
186 141 1.052
2886(925)
H4
80.9 hp
33 000
H rated min(69.7, 91.3, 72, 80.9) 69.7 hp
t
4

Ans.

Pinion bending controlling

________________________________________________________________________
(Y N ) P = 0.928, (Y N ) G = 0.962 (See Prob. 14-34)

14-35

Table 14-3:

S t = 65 000 psi
65 000(0.928)
( all ) P
70 965 psi
1(0.85)
70 965(1.5)(0.423)
W1t
2939 lbf
1(1.404)(1.043)(8.66)(1.208)
2939(925)
H1
82.4 hp
33 000
65 000(0.962)
73 565 psi
( all )G
1(0.85)
73 565 0.5346
W2t

(2939) 3850 lbf

70 965 0.423
3850
H2
(82.4) 108 hp
2939

Chapter 14, Page 31/39

Table 14-6:

S c = 225 000 psi

( Z N ) P 0.8790, ( Z N )G 0.9358
225 000(0.879)
232 676 psi
( c,all ) P
1(0.85)
2

232 676 1.963(1.5)(0.195)

W3t

4013 lbf
2300 1(1.404)(1.043)
4013(925)
H3
112.5 hp
33 000
0.9358
( c,all )G
(232 676) 247 711 psi
0.8790
2

247 711 1.043

W

(4013) 4509 lbf
232 676 1.052
4509(925)
H4
126 hp
33 000
H rated min(82.4, 108, 112.5, 126) 82.4 hp
t
4

Ans.

The bending of the pinion is the controlling factor.

________________________________________________________________________
P = 2 teeth/in, d = 8 in, N = dP = 8 (2) = 16 teeth


F 4 p 4 4 2
P
2
M x 0 10(300) cos 20 4FB cos20

14-36

F B = 750 lbf
W t FB cos 20 750 cos 20 705 lbf
n = 2400 / 2 = 1200 rev/min
dn (8)(1200)

2513 ft/min
V
12
12
We will obtain all of the needed factors, roughly in the order presented in the textbook.
Fig. 14-2:

S t = 102(300) + 16 400 = 47 000 psi

Fig. 14-5:
Fig. 14-6:

S c = 349(300) + 34 300 = 139 000 psi

J = 0.27
cos 20o sin 20o 2
I

0.107
2(1)
2 1
C p 2300 psi

Eq. (14-23):
Table 14-8:

Assume a typical quality number of 6.

Eq. (14-28): B 0.25(12 Qv ) 2 / 3 0.25(12 6) 2 / 3 0.8255

Chapter 14, Page 32/39

A 50 56(1 B) 50 56(1 0.8255) 59.77

B

Eq. (14-27):

A V
59.77 2513
K v

A
59.77

0.8255

1.65

To estimate a size factor, get the Lewis Form Factor from Table 14-2, Y = 0.296.
From Eq. (a), Sec. 14-10,
0.0535

0.0535

F Y
2 0.296
K s 1.192
1.192
1.23

2
P

The load distribution factor is applicable for straddle-mounted gears, which is not the
case here since the gear is mounted outboard of the bearings. Lacking anything better,
we will use the load distribution factor as a rough estimate.

Eq. (14-31):
Eq. (14-32):
Eq. (14-33):
Fig. 14-11:
Eq. (14-35):
Eq. (14-30):

C mc = 1 (uncrowned teeth)
2
Cp f
0.0375 0.0125(2 ) 0.1196
10(8)
C pm = 1.1
C ma = 0.23 (commercial enclosed gear unit)
Ce = 1
K m 1 1[0.1196(1.1) 0.23(1)] 1.36

For the stress-cycle factors, we need the desired number of load cycles.
Fig. 14-14:
Fig. 14-15:
Eq. 14-38:

N = 15 000 h (1200 rev/min)(60 min/h) = 1.1 (109) rev

Y N = 0.9
Z N = 0.8
K R 0.658 0.0759ln 1 R 0.658 0.0759ln 1 0.95 0.885

With no specific information given to indicate otherwise, assume K o = K B = K T = C f = 1

Tooth bending
Eq. (14-15):

Eq. (14-41):

Pd K m K B
F J
2 (1.36)(1)
705(1)(1.65)(1.23)
2294 psi

2 0.27

W t KoKvK s

S Y / ( KT K R )
SF t N

47 000(0.9) / [(1)(0.885)]

20.8
2294

Ans.

Tooth wear
Chapter 14, Page 33/39

1/ 2

Eq. (14-16):

K C
c C p W t Ko K v K s m f
dPF I

1/ 2

1.36 1
2300 705(1)(1.65)(1.23)

8(2 ) 0.107

43 750 psi
Since gear B is a pinion, C H is not used in Eq. (14-42) (see p. 761), where
S c Z N / ( KT K R )

SH

139 000(0.8) / [(1)(0.885)]

2.9 Ans
43 750

________________________________________________________________________

m = 18.75 mm/tooth, d = 300 mm

N = d/m = 300 / 18.75 = 16 teeth
F b 4 p 4 m 4 18.75 236 mm

14-37

0 300(11) cos 20 150 FB cos25

F B = 22.81 kN
W t FB cos 25 22.81cos 25 20.67 kN
n = 1800 / 2 = 900 rev/min
dn (0.300)(900)

14.14 m/s
V
60
60
We will obtain all of the needed factors, roughly in the order presented in the textbook.
Fig. 14-2:
Fig. 14-5:
Fig. 14-6:
Eq. (14-23):
Table 14-8:

S t = 0.703(300) + 113 = 324 MPa

S c = 2.41(300) + 237 = 960 MPa
J = Y J = 0.27
cos 20o sin 20o 5
I ZI

0.134
2(1)
5 1
Z E 191 MPa

Assume a typical quality number of 6.

Eq. (14-28): B 0.25(12 Qv ) 2/ 3 0.25(12 6)2/ 3 0.8255
A 50 56(1 B) 50 56(1 0.8255) 59.77
Eq. (14-27):

A 200V
K v
A

59.77 200(14.14)

59.77

0.8255

1.69

To estimate a size factor, get the Lewis Form Factor from Table 14-2, Y = 0.296.
Similar to Eq. (a) of Sec. 14-10 but for SI units:
Chapter 14, Page 34/39

Ks

1
0.8433 mF Y
kb

0.0535

K s 0.8433 18.75(236) 0.296

0.0535

1.28

Convert the diameter and facewidth to inches for use in the load-distribution factor
equations. d = 300/25.4 = 11.81 in, F = 236/25.4 = 9.29 in
Eq. (14-31):
Eq. (14-32):
Eq. (14-33):
Fig. 14-11:
Eq. (14-35):
Eq. (14-30):

C mc = 1 (uncrowned teeth)
9.29
C pf
0.0375 0.0125(9.29) 0.1573
10(11.81)
C pm = 1.1
C ma = 0.27 (commercial enclosed gear unit)
Ce = 1
K m K H 1 1[0.1573(1.1) 0.27(1)] 1.44

For the stress-cycle factors, we need the desired number of load cycles.
N = 12 000 h (900 rev/min)(60 min/h) = 6.48 (108) rev
Fig. 14-14:
Fig. 14-15:
Eq. 14-38:

Y N = 0.9
Z N = 0.85
K R 0.658 0.0759ln 1 R 0.658 0.0759ln 1 0.98 0.955

With no specific information given to indicate otherwise, assume K o = K B = K T = Z R = 1.

Tooth bending
Eq. (14-15):

W t KoKvKs

1 KH KB
bmt YJ

(1.44)(1)
1
20 670(1)(1.69)(1.28)

53.9 MPa
236(18.75) 0.27
Eq. (14-41):

S Y / ( KT K R )
SF t N

324(0.9) / [(1)(0.955)]

5.66
53.9

Ans.

Tooth wear
1/ 2

Eq. (14-16):

K Z
c Z E W t Ko K v K s H R
d w1b Z I

Chapter 14, Page 35/39

1/ 2

1.44 1
191 20 670(1)(1.69)(1.28)

300(236) 0.134

498 MPa

Since gear B is a pinion, C H is not used in Eq. (14-42) (see p. 761), where
SH

S c Z N / ( KT K R )

c
960(0.85) / [(1)(0.955)]

1.72 Ans
498
________________________________________________________________________
14-38 From the solution to Prob. 13-40, n = 191 rev/min, Wt = 1600 N, d = 125 mm,
N = 15 teeth, m = 8.33 mm/tooth.
F b 4 p 4 m 4 8.33 105 mm
V

dn
60

(0.125)(191)

1.25 m/s

60

We will obtain all of the needed factors, roughly in the order presented in the textbook.
Table 14-3:
Table 14-6:
Fig. 14-6:
Eq. (14-23):
Table 14-8:

S t = 65 kpsi = 448 MPa

S c = 225 kpsi = 1550 MPa
J = Y J = 0.25
cos 20o sin 20o 2
I ZI

0.107
2(1)
2 1
Z E 191 MPa

Assume a typical quality number of 6.

Eq. (14-28):

Eq. (14-27):

B 0.25(12 Qv ) 2 / 3 0.25(12 6) 2 / 3 0.8255

A 50 56(1 B) 50 56(1 0.8255) 59.77
A 200V
K v
A

59.77 200(1.25)

59.77

0.8255

1.21

To estimate a size factor, get the Lewis Form Factor from Table 14-2, Y = 0.290.
Similar to Eq. (a) of Sec. 14-10 but for SI units:
Ks

1
0.8433 mF Y
kb

0.0535

0.0535

K s 0.8433 8.33(105) 0.290

1.17
Convert the diameter and facewidth to inches for use in the load-distribution factor
Chapter 14, Page 36/39

equations. d = 125/25.4 = 4.92 in, F = 105/25.4 = 4.13 in

Eq. (14-31): C mc = 1 (uncrowned teeth)
4.13
Eq. (14-32): C pf
0.0375 0.0125(4.13) 0.0981
10(4.92)
Eq. (14-33): C pm = 1
C ma = 0.32 (open gearing)
Fig. 14-11:
Eq. (14-35): C e = 1
Eq. (14-30): K m K H 1 1[0.0981(1) 0.32(1)] 1.42
For the stress-cycle factors, we need the desired number of load cycles.
N = 12 000 h (191 rev/min)(60 min/h) = 1.4 (108) rev
Fig. 14-14:
Y N = 0.95
Fig. 14-15:
Z N = 0.88
K R 0.658 0.0759ln 1 R 0.658 0.0759ln 1 0.95 0.885
Eq. 14-38:
With no specific information given to indicate otherwise, assume K o = K B = K T = Z R = 1.
Tooth bending
Eq. (14-15):

W t Ko K vK s

1 KH KB
bmt YJ

(1.42)(1)
1
1600(1)(1.21)(1.17)

14.7 MPa
105(8.33) 0.25
Since gear is a pinion, C H is not used in Eq. (14-42) (see p. 761), where
S Y / ( KT K R )
SF t N

448(0.95) / [(1)(0.885)]

32.7
14.7

Ans.

Tooth wear
1/ 2

Eq. (14-16):

K Z
c Z E W t Ko K v K s H R
d w1b Z I

1/ 2

1.42 1
191 1600(1)(1.21)(1.17)

125(105) 0.107

289 MPa

S Z / ( KT K R )
SH c N

1550(0.88) / [(1)(0.885)]

5.33 Ans
289

________________________________________________________________________

Eq. (14-42):

Chapter 14, Page 37/39

14-39 From the solution to Prob. 13-41, n = 2(70) = 140 rev/min, Wt = 180 lbf, d = 5 in
N = 15 teeth, P = 3 teeth/in.


F 4 p 4 4 4.2 in
P
3
dn (5)(140)
V

183.3 ft/min
12
12

We will obtain all of the needed factors, roughly in the order presented in the textbook.
Table 14-3:
Table 14-6:
Fig. 14-6:
Eq. (14-23):
Table 14-8:

S t = 65 kpsi
S c = 225 kpsi
J = 0.25
cos 20o sin 20o 2
I

0.107
2(1)
2 1
C p 2300 psi

Assume a typical quality number of 6.

Eq. (14-28):

B 0.25(12 Qv ) 2 / 3 0.25(12 6) 2 / 3 0.8255

A 50 56(1 B) 50 56(1 0.8255) 59.77
B

Eq. (14-27):

A V
59.77 183.3
K v

A
59.77

0.8255

1.18

To estimate a size factor, get the Lewis Form Factor from Table 14-2, Y = 0.290.
From Eq. (a), Sec. 14-10,
0.0535

Eq. (14-31):
Eq. (14-32):
Eq. (14-33):
Fig. 14-11:
Eq. (14-35):
Eq. (14-30):

F Y
4.2 0.290
1.192
K s 1.192

3
P

C mc = 1 (uncrowned teeth)
4.2
C pf
0.0375 0.0125(4.2) 0.099
10(5)
C pm = 1
C ma = 0.32 (Open gearing)
Ce = 1
K m 1 1[0.099(1) 0.32(1)] 1.42

0.0535

1.17

For the stress-cycle factors, we need the desired number of load cycles.
N = 14 000 h (140 rev/min)(60 min/h) = 1.2 (108) rev
Fig. 14-14:
Y N = 0.95
Fig. 14-15:
Z N = 0.88
K R 0.658 0.0759ln 1 R 0.658 0.0759ln 1 0.98 0.955
Eq. 14-38:
With no specific information given to indicate otherwise, assume K o = K B = K T = C f = 1.

Chapter 14, Page 38/39

Tooth bending
Eq. (14-15):

Eq. (14-41):

Pd K m K B
F J
3 (1.42)(1)
180(1)(1.18)(1.17)
1010 psi

4.2 0.25

W t KoKvK s

S Y / ( KT K R )
SF t N

65 000(0.95) / [(1)(0.955)]

64.0
1010

Ans.

Tooth wear
1/ 2

Eq. (14-16):

K C
c C p W t Ko K v K s m f
dPF I

1/ 2

1.42 1
2300 180(1)(1.18)(1.17)

5(4.2) 0.107

28 800 psi

Since gear B is a pinion, C H is not used in Eq. (14-42) (see p. 761), where
S Z / ( KT K R )
SH c N

225 000(0.88) / [(1)(0.955)]

7.28 Ans
28 800

________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 14, Page 39/39