Polaris Burmese Library - Singapore - Collection - Volume 113

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Burma/Myanmar Affairs Vol 113
Farmers harvest opium poppies in northern Karenni State.

(Photo: KADAC)
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ခြာခ်ျခင္း - မံုပီး
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Burma/Myanmar Affairs Vol 113
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ဂါမဏိ

ခြာခ်ျခင္း - မံုပီး

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2009 ckESpf
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POLARIS BURMESE LIBRARY ( SINGAPORE )
Index: Polaris Burmese Library, LPK Library, Daw Aung San

Suu Kyi, Bo Than Shwe, Myanmar History, Myanmar Politics,
Myanmar Junta, Myanmar People, Myanmar Students, Insein
Prison, Prison in Myanmar, Political Prisoner in Myanmar,
Torture in Myanmar, Myanmar Army, Myanmar Affairs, Burma
Affairs.

Daily Press Briefings : Daily Press

Briefing - December 16
Wed, 16 Dec 2009 14:23:13 -0600
Ian Kelly
Department Spokesman
Daily Press Briefing
Washington, DC
December 16, 2009
INDEX:
SECRETARY
Traveling to Copenhagen / Will Attend Events for Leaders in
Advance of President's Arrival / Will Have Bilateral Meetings / Focus
Will Be Need for Strong Action Internationally to Face Challenge
No Plans for Engagement on Iran with P-5+1 While in Copenhagen
CUBA
Signatory to Vienna Convention on Consular Affairs / Requires
Timely Access to Consular Officers to Ensure Humane Treatment in
Accordance with Local Law / Requested Consular Access Via
Diplomatic Note Three Times / Expect Cuba to Live Up to Obligations
Under the Vienna Convention / Interests Section in Contact with
Cuban Government
PAKISTAN
Detained Americans Transferred to Lahore / Requested Consular
Access at New Facility / No Objections to Treatment of Detained
Americans
Have Seen Reports of Pakistan Supreme Court Decision
IRAN
Aware of Reports of Missile Tests / Undermine Iran's Claims of
Peaceful Intentions / Increase Seriousness and Resolve of
International Community in Efforts to Hold Iran Accountable
Don't Discuss Intelligence Issues / Many Reasons to Have Concerns
about Iran's Nuclear Program / Need for International Community to
Get Them to Open Up Program
GEORGIA
Recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by Nauru Does Not
Underpin Legitimacy of De Facto Governments in Separatist Regions
/ U.S. and Vast Majority of Countries Support Territorial Integrity of
Georgia / Call on All Countries to Support Georgia's Territorial
Integrity and Sovereignty
AFGHANISTAN
In Close Consultation with Hamid Karzai and Advisors as They Form

New Government / Important Next Step in Afghanistan's Democratic
Development / Delay Not Indicative of Problem / Want to Make Sure
They Have Effective Government with Support of Afghan People
BURMA
Welcome Decision by Authorities to Allow Aung San
Suu Kyi to Meet With Members of Her Party / Hope It Is
a Step Toward Meeting with Entire Central Executive
Committee of National League for Democracy / Urge
Burmese Government to Engage Democratic
Opposition and Other Stakeholders in Genuine
Dialogue
Next Round of Talks Not Scheduled / Continuing
Engagement on Embassy Level
Access to American Citizen Arrested in Burma
THAILAND
Not Aware of U.S. Law Enforcement Involvement / Applaud Thailand
for Swift Action and Referral to UN Sanctions Committee
NORTH KOREA
Confirm a Letter Was Delivered to North Korean Government / For
White House to Discuss Contents of Letter from the President / Open
and Transparent to Extent that It Advances U.S. Interests
TRANSCRIPT:
1:05 p.m. EST
MR. KELLY: Okay. Welcome to part two, welcome to the briefing room. The Secretary, I
think as you all know, is traveling to Copenhagen today. She and the President decided that
she could play a useful role in helping close gaps in the – our climate talks there by
traveling to Copenhagen and personally participating.
Tomorrow, she will also attend some of the events that are intended for leaders, such as the
gala dinner tomorrow night. And this is – she would attend these events in advance of the
President, who arrives Friday morning, of course. She will have a number of bilateral
meetings. These meetings are still being worked out and we hope to have more information
about those meetings tomorrow.
And with that, I’ll take your questions. Jill.
QUESTION: Oh, thank you, Ian. On the situation with the Cuban – the person being held
in Cuba, what is the latest on getting consular access? Because it seems kind of odd that this
is going on for quite a while.
MR. KELLY: Yeah.
QUESTION: Is it actually international law that he should – that he is supposed to
absolutely get – the U.S. can actually get access to him? Are the Cubans breaking
international law or what --
MR. KELLY: Well, again, I always get a little shaky when we start talking about legal
issues because I’m not a lawyer. However, there is the Vienna Convention on consular
affairs, and I believe Cuba has signed up to that convention. And under that convention, the
state that is holding a citizen of another state is required to give timely access to consular
officers to visit the individual and ensure, as I’ve said from this podium before, that they are
being treated humanely and in accordance with local law.
In the case of this American citizen in Cuba, we requested access via diplomatic note at
least three times – December 8, 11, and then again on December 12. And we expect that
Cuba will live up to its obligations under the Vienna Convention and permit consular
access, but unfortunately, this has not happened.
QUESTION: But are they saying – are they responding to that note? Are they saying no,
you cannot, or are they just not responding? What’s the state of play?
MR. KELLY: Well, we do have an interests section down there. We do talk to the Cuban
Government. We – as I noted, we have made multiple requests to see this individual. I
think, as we mentioned before, the Cuban Government did inform us that they had detained
this individual on December 5th, but I’m – I just – we’re just waiting for them to respond to
this request for access, and they haven’t responded.
QUESTION: So it’s only been in written form. Is there any other way that --
MR. KELLY: Oh, I’m sure it’s been in more than written form. I’m sure it’s been followed
up by many phone calls.
QUESTION: Can I follow up on this issue?
MR. KELLY: Yeah, Michele.
QUESTION: The – has USAID encouraged its contractors and subcontractors who go
down to Cuba to defer travel until – while this man is arrested?
MR. KELLY: I am not – I don’t know the answer to that question. Let me see if there has
been such an announcement.
Yeah. Charlie.
QUESTION: Has anyone from Washington talked to anyone in Cuba, aside from the
contact in the interests section? We know there have been other contact --
MR. KELLY: Yeah.
QUESTION: -- contacts on other issues, but --
MR. KELLY: Yeah. I don’t think so, so let’s let that stand and we’ll let you know if that’s
not right.
QUESTION: You’ll check and take that?
MR. KELLY: Yeah. We’ll check if – and we’ll get back to you if that’s not right, that
somebody from Washington has contacted them.
QUESTION: Can we go to other Americans detained abroad?
MR. KELLY: Yes.
QUESTION: Pakistan, what’s the situation there?
MR. KELLY: I don’t have much to update you on except to say that I believe that they’ve
been transferred to Lahore – to a new facility in Lahore. We have – and I think that just
happened a day or two ago. And because they have been transferred to a new facility, we
have asked for consular access to see them in the new facility, but I don’t have any other
information to share on that.
QUESTION: So when was the last time that they actually had a visit?
MR. KELLY: That would have been on December 11th, on Friday.
QUESTION: Do you know why they’ve been transferred?
MR. KELLY: Jill, I don’t know the exact reason why, except I know – as I think you’ve
seen the press reports that a court in Lahore asked to review their case before any action was
taken by Pakistani law enforcement authorities, such as deportation.
QUESTION: And this is okay with you?
MR. KELLY: It’s okay with us to --
QUESTION: With us – with the U.S.?
MR. KELLY: -- for them to be transferred to Lahore?
QUESTION: Well, for them – the whole situation. You haven’t had access to – it’s now
Wednesday. You didn’t have –
MR. KELLY: Yeah, but that’s not unusual. I mean, we got access within 24 hours --
QUESTION: Well, Pakistan –
MR. KELLY: -- when they first were detained.
QUESTION: Yeah, but Pakistan --
MR. KELLY: There will be no reason for us to see them every day. I mean, this is fairly
standard for us to not ask for additional access --
QUESTION: It’s not –
MR. KELLY: -- unless the conditions had changed, whether their health had changed or
their legal situation had changed.
QUESTION: Right.
MR. KELLY: And it hasn’t.
QUESTION: Well, you just said the conditions have changed, though, because –
MR. KELLY: Yes. We have asked to see them in Lahore, and I’m sure we will. But just to
my knowledge, it hasn’t happened.
QUESTION: And are you satisfied with the way they’ve been treated?
MR. KELLY: To the best of my knowledge, we have no objections to the way that they’ve
been treated.
Yeah, David.
QUESTION: Do you have any reaction to the missile launch, the Iranian missile launch?
MR. KELLY: Yeah, just a moment. Yes, of course we’re aware of these reports at a time
when the international community has offered Iran opportunities to begin to build trust and
confidence. These kinds of tests can only undermine Iran’s claims of peaceful intentions. I
think that these kinds of actions will only increase the seriousness and resolve of the
international community in our efforts to hold Iran accountable for its continued defiance of
international obligations on its nuclear program.
Yeah, in the back.
QUESTION: In Copenhagen, does the Secretary have any plans to meet with any of her
counterparts in the P-5+1?
MR. KELLY: I think her – I mean, her focus, really, in Copenhagen is going to be the
business at hand in Copenhagen, the need for strong action internationally to face this
challenge. If she does have meetings with her – with members of the P-5+1, the agenda is
going to be Copenhagen. As far as I know, there’s no plans for her to engage on this issue.
Of course, if she meets with one of her foreign minister colleagues, I’m sure she’ll discuss
other issues on our agenda as well, including Iran, but that won’t be the focus of the
meeting.
Matt.
QUESTION: Would you care to go further than your colleague P.J. would yesterday on the
– what he talked – what he said was the revelation of Iran working on a nuclear trigger, or a
trigger for an atomic bomb?
MR. KELLY: Well, I think what P.J. said was that this was an intelligence issue, and we
don’t care to discuss intelligence issues. I think in broad terms, there are a number of
reasons for us to have real serious concerns about the nature of Iran’s nuclear program,
which just redoubles the need for the international community to get them to open up their
program and raise confidence that it’s indeed – does have peaceful intentions with this
nuclear program.
But the reports of this particular document, no, we don’t have any --
QUESTION: Well, is – are the reports of this particular – of this particular document, are
they a reason to be concerned?
MR. KELLY: Well, again, we have a lot of reasons to be concerned about Iran.
QUESTION: Is this one of the reasons?
MR. KELLY: Well, I don’t want to get into the specific document --
QUESTION: I’m not asking you to. I’m just asking is this report – are – is this report –
MR. KELLY: I think a --
QUESTION: -- a reason to be more concerned?
MR. KELLY: I think that we would need to know – we would need to know more about
the particular document.
QUESTION: And you don’t?

MR. KELLY: As far as I know. I mean, as far as I know, we don’t. We have plenty of
reasons to have concerns about the Iranian nuclear program.
QUESTION: Is this one of them?
MR. KELLY: I don’t know, Matt.
QUESTION: All right.
MR. KELLY: Dave.
QUESTION: Do you have anything to say about a decision by the Pacific island country of
Nauru, I guess it’s called, to recognize Abkhazia implicitly in return for aid from Russia?
But a little bit more broadly, there were reports also this week that Russia has a very large
security presence in Abkhazia and is sort of acting like it’s sort of sovereign there.
MR. KELLY: Well, it’s been doing that for a while --
QUESTION: Yeah.
MR. KELLY: -- on that ladder. On the first issue, the issue of the island of Nauru – is that
how it’s pronounced, Nauru? I didn’t say it right – recognizing Abkhazia and South Ossetia,
I would just say that the recognition by Nauru, in and of itself, does absolutely nothing in
our eyes to help establish or underpin in some way the legitimacy of the de facto
governments in both of those separatist regions.
We continue to support, as the absolute vast majority of countries around the world, the
territorial integrity of Georgia, and that means that we consider these entities as parts of
Georgia and not as separate entities. We call on all states to uphold their commitments
under numerous UN Security Council resolutions and the French-brokered ceasefire
agreement, and we call on all countries to support, as we do, Georgia’s territorial integrity
and sovereignty.
Lalit.
QUESTION: On Pakistan?
MR. KELLY: Yes.
QUESTION: The Pakistani supreme court today passed an important judgment on NRO,
which was issued by former President Musharraf, in which they have termed and otherwise
unconstitutional and illegal and they’re also indicted for starting all the corruption cases,
which also includes the present President Zardari. Do you have any comment on it and how
it’s going to affect U.S.-Pakistan relations?
MR. KELLY: Yeah. Well, Lalit, I think I’ve seen reports of that, but I don’t have anything
for you now. If we can get you something, we’ll get you something.
Yes.
QUESTION: Afghan President Hamid Karzai was supposed to announce his cabinet today.
He’s kicked that down the road by a few days, at least, and this is not the first delay he’s
made. Any comment on the lack of being able to form a government by the president?
MR. KELLY: Well, I mean, clearly we’re – we are carrying on very close consultations
with Hamid Karzai and his advisors as he goes forward in forming a new government. This
is a very important next step in Afghanistan’s democratic development. I don’t think that a
delay of a few days is necessarily indicative of any particular problem. I think it’s more
indicative of the fact that they want to make sure that they have the kind of government that
will be effective and will enjoy the support of the Afghan people.
Yes.
QUESTION: In Burma, Aung San Suu Kyi has been allowed to meet with
members of her party. Do you have any comment on that?
MR. KELLY: Yes, I do. Of course, it’s the last one in a long series.
We welcome the decision by Burmese authorities to allow Aung San Suu Kyi
to pay her respects to three senior members of the Central Executive
Committee of her party. We hope this is a step towards a meeting between
Aung San Suu Kyi and the entire Central Executive Committee of the National
League for Democracy. We continue to urge the Burmese Government to
engage Aung San Suu Kyi and the democratic opposition, ethnic leaders, and
other stakeholders in a genuine dialogue to find a positive way ahead for the
country.
Yeah, Lalit.
QUESTION: When is the next round of talks between U.S. and Burmese
authorities going to happen?
MR. KELLY: Lalit, I’m not sure anything has been scheduled. I mean,
obviously we have an embassy there and there’s quite a bit of engagement on
that level, but I’m not sure when the next sort of formal talks are scheduled.
QUESTION: Do you have any further update on the American national who
is arrested in Burma right now who is on a hunger strike? Do you know what
his health conditions is? Have you got any consular access to him?
MR. KELLY: I’m not sure that we’ve gotten consular access to him. Let me
see if I can get you information on that, if we have an update.
Yeah, Jill.
QUESTION: Ian, on the plane that’s being held in Bangkok, the Thai authorities are
investigating, but is the FBI involved or U.S. officials or representatives involved in that?
MR. KELLY: I’m not aware that FBI or U.S. law enforcement representatives per se are
involved. Clearly, we have a lot of interest in this particular incident. As we have said, we
applaud Thailand for its swift action in this and its decision to refer this matter to the UN
Sanctions Committee. But as far as specifics about U.S. law enforcement involvement in it,
clearly we are very interested in it but I don’t have any specific information about whether
or not individual agencies are involved in this investigation. I know that we’ve been very
supportive of the Thais’ effort in the investigation.
QUESTION: Also on North Korea, and recognizing that Ambassador Bosworth was just
here but didn’t answer the question, can you speak about the letter that he delivered?
MR. KELLY: I can only confirm that there was such a letter, Matt, but I can’t discuss the
content or the tone. I mean, I really have to refer you to the White House, and then I’m sure
they’ll give you the same answer.
QUESTION: So he handed over a letter from President Obama to President Kim?
MR. KELLY: I don’t think he handed it to --
QUESTION: No, no, no, not directly to him, but he --
MR. KELLY: He handed over to the North Korean Government.
QUESTION: He --
MR. KELLY: That’s my understanding.
QUESTION: He delivered this letter.
MR. KELLY: Yeah.
QUESTION: And is there any reason to believe that this letter would have been – the
contents of the letter would have strayed from his general message that they should come
back to the Six-Party Talks?
MR. KELLY: Now, I’ll refer you to my previous statement, which is we’re not prepared to
talk about the statement. However, I think one can feel very confident that it was – it
concerned what our very simple agenda was for the visit of Ambassador Bosworth, and that
was to get North Korea to come back to the Six-Party Talks.
QUESTION: Can I ask why is this such a big secret?
MR. KELLY: Well, for one thing, it’s not for me to talk about a letter from the President.
That’s really for the White House to discuss.
QUESTION: Well, I mean, you speak on behalf of the Administration as well. And
presumably, if Ambassador Bosworth was going there to try and get the North Koreans
back to the Six-Party Talks, there wouldn't be anything unusual about a letter that – from
the President to the North Korean leader saying we’d like you to come back to the talks, no?
Or am I wrong?

MR. KELLY: Well, I think openness and transparency in our diplomatic relations is a good
thing. That’s why we have these daily briefings. On the other hand, we also --
QUESTION: I’m sorry. There’s absolutely nothing open and transparent about what’s
going on right now.
MR. KELLY: Well, there’s a reason for that.
QUESTION: You’re refusing --
MR. KELLY: And the reason is that sometimes diplomacy --
QUESTION: Is there some secret message to North Korea?
MR. KELLY: No, it’s not – we’re not – we’re talking about – I would not use the word
“secret.” I would use the word “confidential.” Now, sometimes diplomacy is best conducted
--
QUESTION: You just talked about --
MR. KELLY: -- in a private, confidential way.
QUESTION: Which is all great, but you just talked about being open and transparent.
MR. KELLY: Well, to the extent --
QUESTION: Now you’re being absolutely opposite --
MR. KELLY: -- where it advances the U.S. national interest, we are open and transparent.
But the main thing is advancing U.S. national interest.
QUESTION: So you just --
MR. KELLY: Sometimes that’s best accomplished in a private diplomatic way.
QUESTION: All right. So, anyway, the letter was delivered. Have you gotten a response or
has – did Ambassador Bosworth get a response?
MR. KELLY: Not to my knowledge.
QUESTION: Ian, can you say anything specific about the meetings that Secretary Clinton
will have in Copenhagen? Is there anything being set up? She’s going to be at this gala
dinner. Is she going to be speaking with specific delegates from different countries?
MR. KELLY: Yeah.
QUESTION: It seems as if when the President goes, they have to have something there to
sign. There’s not going to be much time for negotiation --
MR. KELLY: Yeah.
QUESTION: -- and everything has to be done ahead of time. Is she going to try and
influence this procedure?
MR. KELLY: Well, she will – as I said at the beginning of the briefing, she will have some
bilateral meetings. These meetings now are – very few of them are set. I mean, she’s
plugging herself into some set events of the conference itself, but the bilateral meetings that
she’s having are not – those aren’t set yet. And as I said, I’m sure we’ll have more
information tomorrow.
QUESTION: Thank you.
MR. KELLY: Thank you.
(The briefing was concluded at 1:26 p.m.)

နယ္စပ္တည္႓ငိမ္ေရး တ႟ုတ္ဒုတိယသမတ
ဦးစားေပးေဆၾးေႎၾးဖၾယ္ရႀိ
2009-12-16
http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/chinese_vice_president_likely_focus_on_border
_stabality-12162009151024.html/story_main?textonly=1
ဴမန္မာႎိုင္ငံကို မဳကာခင္လာေရာက္မဲ့ တ႟ုတ္ ဒုတိယ သမတ မစၤတာ ရႀီကဵင့္ဖဵင္ဟာ

ဴမန္မာစစ္အစိုးရနဲႛ နယ္စပ္ေဒသ တည္႓ငိမ္ေရးကိစၤ ဦးစားေပးေဆၾးေႎၾးဖၾယ္ရႀိတယ္လိုႛ
မႀန္းဆေနဳကပၝတယ္။
ဴမန္မာ စစ္အစိုးရ တပ္ဖၾဲႚမဵားႎႀင့္ ကိုးကန္ႛ လက္နက္ကိုင္အဖၾဲႚတိုႛ တိုက္ပၾဲမဵား ဴဖစ္ပၾားဴခင္းေဳကာင့္

ထၾက္ေဴပးလာေသာ ဒုကၡသည္မဵားအတၾက္ တဲစခန္းမဵားကို တ႟ုတ္ႎိုင္ငံ နမ္စန္း နယ္စပ္႓မိႂႚတၾင္
ဳသဂုတ္လ ၃၁ ရက္က ေတၾႚရပံု ဴဖစ္ပၝသည္။ (Photo: AFP)
တ႟ုတ္ဒုတိယသမတဟာ ဴမန္မာႎိုင္ငံကို လာမဲ့စေနနႛမႀာ ေရာက္ရႀိမႀာ ဴဖစ္႓ပီး ႎႀစ္ရက္ဳကာ

ေနထိုင္မယ္လိုႛ သိရပၝတယ္။ မစၤတာ ရႀီကဵင့္ဖဵင္ဟာ ၂၀၁၂ ခုႎႀစ္မႀာ လက္ရႀိတ႟ုတ္သမတ
ဟူဂဵင္းေတာင္ရဲ့ အ႟ိုက္အရာကို ဆက္ခံမဲ့သူ ဴဖစ္တယ္လိုႛ သိထားဳကပၝတယ္။ အဲဒီအတၾက္
ဒီခရီးစဥ္ဟာ တ႟ုတ္ဴမန္မာႎိုင္ငံအတၾက္ အေရး႒ကီးတယ္လိုႛလည္း ဴမင္ဳကပၝတယ္။ ေလ့လာသူ
တခဵိႂႚကေတာ့ တ႟ုတ္ ဒုတိယ သမတဟာ တ႟ုတ္ ဴမန္မာနယ္စပ္က ကိုးကန္ႛနဲႛ ဝ တိုင္းရင္းသား
အေရးကိစၤ အတၾက္ အဓိက ေဆၾးေႎၾးေဴပာဆိုဖိုႛ လာေရာက္တာ ဴဖစ္တယ္လိုႛ ယူဆဳကပၝတယ္။
တ႟ုတ္ဴပည္ဆိုင္ရာ ဴမန္မာသံအမတ္အဴဖစ္ ေဆာင္႟ၾက္ခဲ့တဲ့ သခင္ခဵန္ထၾန္းကလည္း အလားတူ

ဴမင္ပၝတယ္။
သခင္ခဵန္ထၾန္း။ ။ “ဒီဟာ အေရးအ႒ကီးဆံုးပဲေပၝ့။ ဒၝေဳကာင့္မိုႛ သူတိုႛ ဒုတိယ

သမတကိုယ္တိုင္ လာလိုက္တာေပၝ့။ ဒၝ အလယ္အလတ္ အေရး႒ကီးတဲ့သေဘာေပၝ့၊ ဟုတ္လား။

သမတလည္းမဟုတ္ဖူး၊ ဝန္႒ကီးခဵႂပ္လည္း မဟုတ္ပဲနဲႛ၊ ဒၝ ဒုတိယ သမတအေနနဲႛ
လာတယ္ဆိုေတာ့ အမႀန္ကေတာ့ ဒၝက နယ္စပ္က အဲဒီ ဝ ေတၾကိစၤေတၾက ဴပတ္တာမႀ
မဟုတ္ပဲနဲႛပဲ။ ဝ ေတၾကဵေတာ့ သူက သံုးေသာင္းေလာက္ လက္နက္ကိုင္ ရႀိတယ္ဆိုေတာ့ သူက
နယ္စပ္ လံုဴခံႂေရးတပ္လည္း သူက အလုပ္မခံႎိုင္ဘူး၊ မေလ႖ာ့ဘူးေလ။ မေလ႖ာ့ေတာ့
ဗမာ့အေဳကာင္းလည္း သိတယ္၊ တ႟ုတ္ေတၾက၊ ဟုတ္လား၊ ၆၇ ႎႀစ္က တ႟ုတ္ ဗမာ အဓိက႟ုဏ္း
ဴဖစ္သလို ဴဖစ္ကုန္ရင္ ဒၝ သူတိုႛအေနနဲႛ ဟုတ္လား၊ အေနခက္ အေဴပာခက္ သေဘာမဵိႂး
ေရာက္သၾားႎိုင္တယ္ေလ။ တ႟ုတ္ကလည္း ဒၝ သေဘာေပၝက္တယ္။”
တ႟ုတ္ဴပည္အတၾက္ ဴမန္မာႎိုင္ငံဟာ အေရးပၝတာမိုႛ တ႟ုတ္အစိုးရ အဆက္ဆက္ဟာ ဴမန္မာနဲႛ

ဆက္ဆံေရး ေကာင္းမၾန္ေအာင္ ေဆာင္႟ၾက္မႀာသာ ဴဖစ္တယ္လိုႛလည္း ေဴပာပၝတယ္။
သခင္ခဵန္ထၾန္း။ ။ “ဗမာဴပည္ထဲ သူက အမဵား႒ကီး အခုက ဴမၟႂပ္ႎႀံမႁ ရေန႓ပီပဲ။ ဂက္စ္ေတၾ

ဘာေတၾ ဆိုလိုႛရႀိရင္လည္း သူႛဆီ ပိုက္နဲႛ သၾယ္ဖိုႛေတၾ ဘာေတၾလည္း ဒီကလည္း ခၾင့္ဴပႂ႓ပီး
ဴဖစ္ေနတယ္။ အဲဒၝမဵိႂးေပၝ့။ ဗမာဴပည္က သူႛအေနနဲႛ သမုဒၬရာ ထၾက္ေပၝက္လည္း ဴဖစ္သၾားတယ္၊
သူႛရဲ့ စီးပၾားေရးလုပ္ငန္းအတၾက္လည္း ေကာင္းတယ္ဆိုေတာ့ တ႟ုတ္ကေတာ့ ဗမာနဲႛ မရင္းႎႀီး
ရင္းႎႀီးေအာင္ သူကေတာ့ လုပ္ေနမႀာပဲ။ တခုေတာ့ ရႀိတယ္၊ ဝၝသနာက သူက လက္ရႀိအစိုးရ
ဒိုႛအစိုးရပဲ။ သူကေတာ့ လက္ရႀိအစိုးရကိုပဲ ဒၝ အဲဒၝ အားေပးသၾားမႀာပဲ။ ဘာပဲဴဖစ္ဴဖစ္
ဗမာအစိုးရဖက္က တတ္ႎိုင္သေလာက္ သူလိုက္မႀာပဲ။ ကုလသမဂၢေရာက္ေရာက္၊
ဘာေရာက္ေရာက္ အဲလိုမဵိႂးေပၝ့။”
မႎႀစ္က တ႟ုတ္နဲႛဴမန္မာ ႎႀစ္ႎိုင္ငံ ကုန္သၾယ္ေရးပမာဏ အေမရိကန္ေဒၞလာ ၂ ဘီလဵံခၾဲေကဵာ္

ရႀိခဲ့ပၝတယ္။ တ႟ုတ္ ဒုတိယ သမတ မစၤတာ ရႀီကဵင့္ဖဵင္ဟာ ဗိုလ္ခဵႂပ္မႀႃး႒ကီး သန္းေ႟ၿနဲႛ
ေတၾႚဆံုမယ္လိုႛ သိရပၝတယ္။
NLD ေခၝင္းေဆာင္ သံုးဦးကို

ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္ ဂၝရဝဴပႂ
2009-12-16
http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/suu_kyi_pays_respect_to_party_elders-
12162009141145.html/story_main?textonly=1
ဒီကေနႛမနက္က ဴမန္မာ့ဒီမိုကေရစီေခၝင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္ဟာ အမဵိႂးသား

ဒီမိုကေရစီအဖၾဲႚခဵႂပ္ေခၝင္းေဆာင္ပိုင္း လူ႒ကီး ၃ ဦ းဴဖစ္တဲ့ ဦးေအာင္ေ႟ၿ၊ ဦးလၾင္နဲႛ
ဦးလၾန္းတင္တိုႛကို အစိုးရဧည့္ရိပ္သာမႀာ ေတၾႚဆံု ဂၝရဝဴပႂခဲ့ေဳကာင္း အဖၾဲႚခဵႂပ္ ေဴပာခၾင့္ရပုဂၢိႂလ္
ဦးဥာဏ္ဝင္းက ေဴပာပၝတယ္။
ဦးဉာဏ္ဝင္း။ ။ “က႗န္ေတာ္တိုႛ ဒီေနႛမနက္ ၁၁ နာရီကေန႓ပီးေတာ့ ၁၂ နာရီေလာက္၊

တနာရီေလာက္ ဳကာတာေပၝ့၊ အဲ ေတၾႚတဲ့ေနရာကေတာ့ က႗န္ေတာ္တိုႛ စိမ္းလဲ့ကန္သာ
ဧည့္ရိပ္သာမႀာပၝ။ က႗န္ေတာ္သိသေလာက္ ေဒၞစုက အေစာဆံုး ေရာက္ပၝတယ္။ အဲဒီေတာ့
လူ႒ကီး သံုးေယာက္ လာတဲ့အခၝမႀာ ေဒၞစုက ႒ကိႂဆို႓ပီးေတာ့ ႒ကိႂေရာက္တာေပၝ့ေလ။ က႗န္ေတာ္

သိတာကေတာ့ ေဒၞစုရဲ့ ႎိုင္ငံေရး ရပ္တည္ခဵက္နဲႛ အဖၾဲႚခဵႂပ္အတၾက္ လိုအပ္တဲ့ ေဆာင္႟ၾက္မႁေတၾ
အားလံုး လုပ္တဲ့အခၝမႀာ ဒီ လူ႒ကီးေတၾကေရာ၊ ေနာက္ CEC တဖၾဲႚလံုးကေရာ
ေထာက္ခံလဵက္ရႀိတဲ့ အဴမဲတမ္းလည္း ေထာက္ခံသၾားမယ္၊ လုပ္ပၝ ဆိုတဲ့ဟာကို အားေပး
တိုက္တၾန္းတဲ့စကား ေဴပာခဲ့တယ္။ ေနာက္တခုက အဖၾဲႚခဵႂပ္ ဴပန္လည္ ဖၾဲႚစည္းေရးကလည္း
လိုအပ္ေနတယ္ဆိုတာကို ေဆၾးေႎၾးတယ္။ အေသးစိတ္ေတာ့ က႗န္ေတာ္ မသိဘူးခင္ဗဵ။”
ေနအိမ္အကဵယ္ခဵႂပ္ ကဵခံေနရေသာ ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္ (ဝဲ) ႎႀင့္ အမဵိႂးသား

ဒီမိုကေရစီအဖၾဲႚခဵႂပ္ ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႁေဆာင္ ေကာ္မတီဝင္မဵား အစိုးရ ဧည့္ေဂဟာတၾင္၂၀၀၇
ႎိုဝင္ဘာ ၉ ရက္ေနႛက ေတၾႚဆံုခၾင့္ရရႀိစဥ္ ပၝတီ ဥကၠႉ ဦးေအာင္ေ႟ၿ (ယာ) ႎႀင့္ အတူ
႟ိုက္ကူးထားေသာ မႀတ္တမ္းပံု ဴဖစ္ပၝသည္။ (Photo: AFP)
“အဲဒီ ကန္ေတာ့တဲ့ ဴမင္ကၾင္းကေတာ့ လူ႒ကီး သံုးေယာက္ကို ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္

ကန္ေတာ့တဲ့ အခဵိန္မႀာ က႗န္ေတာ္တိုႛ သက္ဆိုင္ရာ လံုဴခံႂေရးတာဝန္ ထမ္းေဆာင္ေနတဲ့
ပုဂၢိႂလ္ေတၾကပၝ အားလံုး ထိုင္႓ပီးေတာ့ ဂၝရဝဴပႂ ကန္ေတာ့ဳကတယ္လိုႛ က႗န္ေတာ္ အဲလို
သိရပၝတယ္။”
႓ပီးခဲ့တဲ့ ႎိုဝင္ဘာလ ၁၁ရက္ေနႛက ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္က ဗိုလ္ခဵႂပ္မႀႃး႒ကီးသန္းေ႟ၿဆီကို

စာေရးသားေပးပိုႛခဲ့ရာမႀာ အသက္အ႟ၾယ္႒ကီးရင့္႓ပီး ကဵန္းမာေရးမေကာင္းဳကတဲ့ အဖၾဲႚခဵႂပ္လူ႒ကီး
၃ဦးကို ေတၾႚဆံု ဂၝရဝဴပႂခၾင့္ ေပးဖိုႛ ေမတၨာရပ္ခံခဲ့ပၝတယ္။ အဲဒီေနာက္ မဳကာခင္ရက္ပိုင္းက ရဲခဵႂပ္
ဗိုလ္မႀႃးခဵႂပ္ခင္ရီက အဖၾဲႚခဵႂပ္ဥကၠႉ ဦးေအာင္ေ႟ၿကို ေတၾႚဆံုေရးအတၾက္ လာေရာက္ ေမးဴမန္းခဲ့႓ပီး
ဒီကေနႛမႀာ ေတၾႚဆံုခဲ့ဳကတာ ဴဖစ္ပၝတယ္။
ဦးလၾင္ကလည္း ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္နဲႛ မေတၾႚရတာ ၂၀၀၃ ခုႎႀစ္ကတည္းက ဴဖစ္ေဳကာင္း၊

ဒီကေနႛ ေတၾႚဆံုရာမႀာ ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္က အဖၾဲႚခဵႂပ္ ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႁေဆာင္ ေကာ္မတီကို
ဴပင္ဆင္ ဖၾဲႚစည္းခၾင့္ဴပႂဖိုႛ ေတာင္းခံခဲ့ေဳကာင္း၊ မိမိတိုႛကလည္း သေဘာတူ လက္ခံခဲ့ေဳကာင္း
ေဴပာပၝတယ္။ လက္ရႀိအဖၾဲႚခဵႂပ္ ဗဟိုေကာ္မတီဝင္ ၁၁ဦးဟာ အသက္အ႟ၾယ္ ႒ကီးရင့္သူေတၾ
ဴဖစ္ဳကပၝတယ္။ အဖၾဲႚခဵႂပ္ ဥကၠႉ ဦးေအာင္ေ႟ၿက ၉၂ ႎႀစ္၊ အတၾင္းးေရမႀႃး ဦးလၾင္က ၈၅ ႎႀစ္၊
ေကာ္မတီဝင္ ဦးလၾန္းတင္က ၈၂ႎႀစ္ ရႀိဳက႓ပီ ဴဖစ္ပၝတယ္။

ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္က ဗိုလ္ခဵႂပ္မႀႃး႒ကီးသန္းေ႟ၿဆီကို ေရးသားေပးပိုႛခဲ့တဲ့ စာမႀာ တိုင္းဴပည္
အကဵိႂးအတၾက္ ဗိုလ္ခဵႂပ္မႀႃး႒ကီးနဲႛ ေတၾႚဆံုခၾင့္ဴပႂဖိုႛ ဆိုတဲ့အခဵက္လည္း ပၝဝင္ပၝတယ္။
ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္ ေမတၨရပ္ခံခဲ့တဲ့ အခဵက္ေတၾကို ခၾင့္ဴပႂခဲ့သလို

အဲဒီေနာက္ဆံုးအခဵက္လည္း ဴပည့္စံုပၝလိမ့္မယ္လိုႛ ေမ႖ာ္လင့္ေဳကာင္း ဦးဥာဏ္ဝင္းက
ေဴပာပၝတယ္။
စီးပၾားေရးႎႀင့္ ႎိုင္ငံေရး ခၾဲထုတ္လိုႛမရေဳကာင္း

ႎိုဘယ္ဆုရ စီးပၾားေရးပညာရႀင္ေဴပာဳကား
2009-12-16 http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/economist_comments_on_poverty-
စီးပၾားေရး ဖၾံႚ႓ဖိႂးတိုးတက္မႁနဲႛ ဆင္းရဲႎၾမ္းပၝးမႁ ေလ႖ာ့ခဵေရးဆိုင္ရာ စားပၾဲဝိုင္းေဆၾးေႎၾးပၾဲနဲႛ ႎႀီးေႎႀာ

ဖလႀယ္ပၾဲကို ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၁၅ ရက္ မေနႛက ေနဴပည္ေတာ္မႀာ ကဵင္းပခဲ့ပၝတယ္။
အဲဒီေဆၾးေႎၾးပၾဲေတၾမႀာ ကိုလံဘီယာတကၠသိုလ္က ႎိုဘယ္ဆုရႀင္ စီးပၾားေရး ပၝေမာကၡ ဂဵိႂးဇက္

စတစ္ဂလစ္နဲႛ တဴခားပညာရႀင္ေတၾက အာရႀတိုက္ရဲ့ အေတၾႚအ႒ကံႂေတၾအရ ဴမန္မာႎိုင္ငံမႀာ
ဆင္းရဲႎၾမ္းပၝးမႁကို ဴဖတ္ေတာက္ ေလ႖ာ့ခဵႎိုင္မဲ့ မဟာဗဵႃဟာေတၾကို ေဆၾးေႎၾးခဲ့ဳကပၝတယ္။
ရန္ကုန္႓မိႂႚ ဆင္ေဴခဖံုး ရပ္ကၾက္တခုတၾင္ စားဝတ္ေနေရးအတၾက္ အမိႁက္ေကာက္ေနေသာ

ကေလးသူငယ္မဵား ဴဖစ္ပၝသည္။ (Photo: AFP)
ပိုမို တိုးတက္ေသာ ဴမန္မာ့ လယ္ယာစီးပၾားေရးဆီသိုႛ ဆိုတဲ့ ေခၝင္းစဥ္နဲႛ ပၝေမာကၡ စတစ္ဂလစ္က

တင္ဴပခဲ့ရာမႀာ ဴမန္မာႎိုင္ငံဟာ ေဒသတၾင္းမႀာ စိုက္ပဵိႂးေရးေအာင္ဴမင္မႁကို အေဴခခံ႓ပီး
ဖၾံႚ႓ဖိႂးလာခဲ့ဳကတဲ့ ႎိုင္ငံေတၾရဲ့ အေတၾႚအ႒ကံႂေတၾကို ေလ့လာသင္ယူဖိုႛအတၾက္ အေကာင္းဆံုး
အေနအထားမႀာ ရႀိေနေဳကာင္း၊ တိုးတက္ေအာင္ဴမင္ဖိုႛအတၾက္ အခၾင့္အလမ္း႒ကီးေတၾလည္း
ရႀိေနေဳကာင္း၊ ဒီအတၾက္ ဘက္ေပၝင္းစံု ခဵဥ္းကပ္မႁတရပ္ေတာႛလိုအပ္ေဳကာင္း၊ ဴမန္မာႎိုင္ငံမႀာ
အစိုးရအေနနဲႛ စိုက္ပဵိႂးေရးကၸအတၾက္ လံုေလာက္တဲ့ စိုက္ပဵိႂးစရိတ္၊ မဵိႂးေစ့နဲႛ ေဴမဳသဇာေတၾ
ဖူလံုေအာင္ ရရႀိႎိုင္ဖိုႛ၊ ကဵန္းမာေရးနဲႛ ပညာေရးအတၾက္ ခဵက္ခဵင္းလက္ငင္းကိုပဲ ပံုေအာ႓ပီး သံုးစၾဲဖိုႛ၊
လူေတၾ လံုေလာက္တဲ့ ဝင္ေငၾရေအာင္ အလုပ္အကိုင္ေကာင္းေတၾ ဖန္တီးေပးဖိုႛ စတာေတၾ
တိုက္တၾန္း သၾားခဲ့တယ္လိုႛ ကုလသမဂၢက ထုတ္ဴပန္တဲ့ ေဳကညာခဵက္မႀာ ေဖာ္ဴပပၝတယ္။
ေဆၾးေႎၾးပၾဲမႀာ လယ္ယာနဲႛ ဆည္ေဴမာင္းဝန္႒ကီး ဗိုလ္ခဵႂပ္ေဌးဦးက တည္႓ငိမ္မႁ၊ ေအးခဵမ္းသာယာမႁ ၊

ဖၾံႚ႓ဖိႂးမႁတိုႛဟာ ဴမန္မာႎိုင္ငံတိုးတက္ဖိုႚအတၾက္ အေဴခခံမူ ၃ ရပ္ ဴဖစ္ေဳကာင္း ေဴပာဆိုခဲ့ပၝတယ္။
ကုလသမဂၢ ေဳကညာခဵက္မႀာေတာ့ ပၝေမာကၡ စတစ္ဂလစ္က တည္႓ငိမ္ေရးနဲႛ လံု႓ခံႂေရးကို
လိုခဵင္ရင္ အာလံုး ပၝဝင္ေဆာင္႟ၾက္လာႎိုင္ေအာင္ ဖန္တီးေပးရမႀာ ဴဖစ္ေဳကာင္း၊ ဒၝဟာ
ဴမန္မာႎိုင္ငံအတၾက္ ေရႀႚဆက္လႀမ္းရမဲ့ တခုတည္းေသာလမ္းဴဖစ္ေဳကာင္း၊ စီးပၾားေရးနဲႛ
ႎိုင္ငံေရးဟာ သီးဴခားစီ ခၾဲထုတ္လိုႛ မရေဳကာင္း ေဴပာဆိုခဲ့တယ္လိုႛ သိရပၝတယ္။
စီးပၾားေရးပညာရႀင္ ဆရာဦးခင္ေမာင္ညိႂ (ေဘာဂေဗဒ) ကေတာ့ ပၝေမာကၡ စတစ္ဂလစ္ရဲ့

တင္ဴပခဵက္ေတၾဟာ ဴမန္မာႎိုင္ငံအတၾက္ေတာ့ သိပ္မထူးဴခားလႀဘူးလိုႛ ဴမင္ပၝတယ္။
ဦးခင္ေမာင္ညိႂ (ေဘာဂေဗဒ) ။ ။ “ဟို တဴခား ADB တိုႛ၊ IMF တိုႛ ေဴပာတာေတၾကလည္း

ဒၝေတၾပၝပဲေလ။ ေရႀႚက တဴခား ပညာရႀင္ေတၾ၊ အဖၾဲႚအစည္းေတၾ ေဴပာတာကို ထပ္ေလာင္း႓ပီး
ေဴပာတဲ့သေဘာပၝပဲ။ ထပ္႓ပီး အားဴဖည့္ေပးတဲ့ သေဘာပၝပဲ။ သိပ္ ထူးထူးဴခားဴခား ပၝတယ္လိုႛ
မထင္ပၝဘူး။”
အခုကဵင္းပခဲ့တဲ့ ေဆၾးေႎၾးပၾဲဟာ ESCAP ေခၞ ကုလသမဂၢ အာရႀနဲႛပစိဖိတ္ဆိုင္ရာ စီးပၾားေရးနဲႛ

လူမႁေရးေကာ္မရႀင္ အမႁေဆာင္ အတၾင္းေရးမႀႃးခဵႂပ္ ေဒၝက္တာ ႎိုလင္း ေဟဇာ
ဦးေဆာင္ကဵင္းပတဲ့ ဒုတိယအ႒ကိမ္ ေဆၾးေႎၾးပၾဲ ဴဖစ္ပၝတယ္။ ပၝေမာကၡ ဂဵိႂးဇက္
စတစ္ဂလစ္ကိုလည္း ESCAP က ဖိတ္ေခၞခဲ့တာ ဴဖစ္ပၝတယ္။ ဒၝေပမဲ့ ဴမန္မာစစ္အစိုးရ
သတင္းမီဒီယာေတၾမႀာေတာ့ ကမႝာသိ ပၝေမာကၡ ဂဵိႂးဇက္ စတစ္ဂလစ္နဲႛပတ္သက္႓ပီး
ထင္ထင္ရႀားရႀား မေဖာ္ဴပခဲ့ပၝဘူး။
အႎႀစ္ ၇၀ ေဴမာက္ကရင္ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးေနႛသတင္း
2009-12-16
http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/karen_new_year_festival_held_at_border-
ဒီကေနႛ ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၁၆ ရက္ေနႛ ဴပာသိုလဆန္း ၁ ရက္ေနႛ ကရင္သကၠရာဇ္ ၂၇၄၉ ခု

သေလလဆန္း ၁ ရက္ေနႛဟာ အႎႀစ္ ၇၀ေဴမာက္ ကရင္ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးေနႛ ဴဖစ္တာေဳကာင့္
ကရင္တိုင္းရင္းသားေတၾ ေနထိုင္ရာ ေဒသေတၾမႀာ ကရင္ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးပၾဲေတာ္ေတၾ
ကဵင္းပေနဳကပၝတယ္။
အဲဒီလို ႎႀစ္ႎိုင္ငံနယ္စပ္က ေတာရဘုန္း႒ကီးေကဵာင္းမႀာ ကရင္တိုင္းရင္းသားေတၾ စုေပၝင္း႓ပီးေတာ့

ကရင့္ ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးပၾဲေတာ္ကို ကဵင္းပခဲ့တာ ဒီတ႒ကိမ္ပၝဆိုရင္ ၂၈ ႒ကိမ္ ရႀိ႓ပီ ဴဖစ္ပၝတယ္။ ကရင္
ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးပၾဲေတာ္ ကဵင္းပရတဲ့ အဓိကရည္႟ၾယ္ခဵက္နဲႛပတ္သက္လိုႛ

ကရင့္အမဵိႂးသားအစည္းအ႟ံုး ေကအဲန္ယူ စည္း႟ံုးေရးဌာန ဒုတာဝန္ခံ ပဒို သမိန္ေထာက
အခုလို RFAကို ေဴပာပၝတယ္။
ထုိင္း-ဴမန္မာနယ္စပ္ ဒုကၡသည္ စခန္းတခုမႀ အခမ္းအနား တက္ေရာက္ရန္ တိုင္းရင္းသား ဝတ္စံု

ဆင္ဴမန္းထားေသာ ကရင္ေမာင္မယ္မဵား၏ ယခင္ မႀတ္တမ္းပုံတခု ဴဖစ္ပၝသည္။ (Photo: AFP)
ပဒို သမိန္ေထာ။ ။ “အသိအမႀတ္ အဴပႂခံရတာ ၃၈ ဒီဇင္ဘာမႀာ အသိအမႀတ္ ဴပႂခံရ႓ပီး ၃၉

ဇန္နဝၝရီ ကဵေတာ့ ဴပာသိုလဆန္း ၁ ရက္ေနႛနဲႛ သၾားတိုးေတာ့ အဲဒီ ၃၉ ကေန ကဵေနာ္တိုႛ စတာ၊
စတာ ဒီကေနႛတိုင္ပဲေပၝ့ေလ၊ အဓိကကေတာ့ ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးဆိုတာ ေကာက္သစ္စားပၾဲ ပၝပဲ၊
ကဵေနာ္တိုႛ ကရင္ေတၾကို စုစည္းႎိုင္ေအာင္ ကဵေနာ္တိုႛ ဒီႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးေနႛမႀာပဲ စုစည္းဳကရတာပဲ၊
ေဴပာရမယ္ဆို ဒၝက အမဵိႂးသားေရး လႁပ္ရႀားမႁတခုလည္း ေဴပာလိုႛရသလို ႎိုင္ငံေရးလႁပ္ရႀားမႁ
တခုလည္း ကဵေနာ္တိုႛ ေဴပာလိုႛရတယ္။ ဘဝသစ္ေပၝ့ဗဵာ၊ ဘဝသစ္ ေဴပာင္းလဲႎိုင္ေအာင္
႒ကိႂးစားဖိုႛအတၾက္ ရည္႟ၾယ္တာပဲ၊ အဲဒၝကို ႎႀစ္စဥ္ ကဵေနာ္တိုႛ ကဵင္းပတယ္။”
ဒီလိုႎႀစ္စဥ္ကဵင္းပခဲ့တဲ့ ကရင့္ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးပၾဲေတာ္ဟာ ဴမန္မာဴပည္အတၾင္း စစ္အစိုးရအဆက္ဆက္

လက္ထက္မႀာေတာ့ အကန္ႛအသတ္ေတၾ မဵားတဲ့အတၾက္ ကရင္တိုင္းရင္းသားေတၾ အခုခဵိန္ထိ
လၾတ္လၾတ္လပ္လပ္ စည္စည္ကားကား ကဵင္းပခၾင့္မရခဲ့ဘူးလိုႛ ပဒိုသမိန္ေထာက
ဆက္ေဴပာပၝတယ္။
ရန္ကုန္႓မိႂႚမႀာေတာ့ အင္းစိန္႓မိႂႚနယ္ ေစာ္ဘၾား႒ကီးကုန္းနဲႛ နံႛသာကုန္း႒ကားက အာလိန္ငၝးဆင့္

ဘုရားဝင္းအတၾင္းမႀာ ကရင္ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးပၾဲေတာ္ကို ကဵင္းပေနပၝတယ္။ ဒီပၾဲမဵိႂး ဴဖစ္ေဴမာက္ေအာင္
သက္ဆိုင္ရာ အာဏာပိုင္ေတၾဆီမႀာ ခၾင့္ဴပႂခဵက္ယူရတဲ့အတၾက္ စိတ္အေႎႀာင့္အယႀက္ ဴဖစ္ေပမဲ့
ဒီေနႛမနက္ ကရင္အမဵိႂးသား အလံတင္အခမ္းအနားကို ေအာင္ေအာင္ဴမင္ဴမင္ ကဵင္းပႎိုင္ခဲ့႓ပီး
ပၾဲေတာ္ကို မနက္ဴဖန္အထိ ဆက္႓ပီး ကဵင္းပဳကမႀာ ဴဖစ္တယ္လိုႛ ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးပၾဲမႀာ
ဆင္ႎၿဲေနသူေတၾက RFA ကို ေဴပာဴပဳကပၝတယ္။
ကရင္တိုင္းရင္းသားေတၾအတၾက္ ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးေနႛဟာ ဘယ္ေလာက္အေရးပၝတယ္ ဘယ္ေလာက္

အေလးထားတယ္ ဆိုတာကိုလည္း ပၾဲဴဖစ္ေဴမာက္ေရး တာဝန္ရႀိသူတဦးက အခုလိုေဴပာပၝတယ္။

တာဝန္ရႀိသူ။ ။ “ကရင္ေတၾက အဲဒီအခဵိန္ကဵရင္ ေကာက္ေတၾဘာေတၾ ရိတ္႓ပီး
ေကာက္သစ္ေတၾ စားတယ္ ေနာက္ ေနတဲ့အိမ္ေတၾကိုလည္း ဴပန္ဴပင္တယ္။ ေနာက္
ေတာင္ယာအသစ္ေတၾကုိလည္း သတ္မႀတ္တာေပၝ့။ ဗုဒၭဘာသာကရင္ဆိုလည္း
သူတိုႛဘုန္း႒ကီးေတၾကို ပူေဇာ္တယ္။ ခရစ္ယာန္ေတၾဆိုရင္လည္း ဆုေတာင္း ဘုရား ရႀိခိုးတယ္ေပၝ့။
အဲဒီေတာ့ သက္ဆိုင္ရာ ယံု႒ကည္ရာ ကိုးကၾယ္ရာအလုိက္ လုပ္တာ ခုထက္ ထိပဲေပၝ့။
ကရင္ေတၾအတၾက္ ဒီေနႛဟာ အ႒ကီးကဵယ္ဆံုး ေပဵာ္ပၾဲ႟ၿင္ပၾဲေနႛ ဴဖစ္ပၝတယ္။ ဒီမနက္ပဲ ကဵမတိုႛ
ကရင္အလံတင္ အခမ္းအနားတိုႛ ဘာတိုႛ ကဵင္းပခဲ့ပၝတယ္။”
ရန္ကုန္႓မိႂႚက ကရင္ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးပၾဲ ဴဖစ္ေဴမာက္ေရး ဦးေဆာင္သူတဦး ေဴပာသၾားတာပၝ။ အင္းစိန္မႀာ

ကဵင္းပေနတဲ့ ကရင္ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးပၾဲမႀာ ဒုံးယိမ္းအက၊ ဝၝးညၟပ္အကေတၾနဲႛ ေဖဵာ္ေဴဖတဲ့အဴပင္၊
ထူးခ႗န္ေကဵာင္းသား ဆုေပးပၾဲ၊ ႟ိုးရာဖက္ရႀင္အလႀ႓ပိႂင္ပၾဲနဲႛ ႟ိုးရာလက္ေဝႀႛပၾဲေတၾလည္း
ပၝဝင္တယ္လိုႛ ဆိုပၝတယ္။ အလားတူ အလံု႓မိႂႚနယ္၊ ေဴမာက္ဥကၠလာ႓မိႂႚနယ္နဲႛ
ေ႟ၿဴပည္သာ႓မိႂႚနယ္ေတၾမႀာလည္း ကရင္ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးပၾဲေတၾ ကဵင္းပေနဳကတယ္လိုႛ သိရပၝတယ္။
ကရင္ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူး ပၾဲေတာ္ရက္ကို ၁၉၃၈ ခုႎႀစ္ အဂႆလိပ္ကိုလိုနီလက္ထက္ကစလိုႛ တရားဝင္

႟ံုးပိတ္ရက္အဴဖစ္ အသိအမႀတ္ဴပႂ ေပးခဲ့႓ပီး ကရင္တိုင္းရင္းသားေတၾ ေနထိုင္ဳကတဲ့ အရပ္ေတၾမႀာ
ဴပာသိုလဆန္း ၁ ရက္ေနႛေရာက္တိုင္း ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးပၾဲေတာ္ကို အစဥ္အဆက္ ကဵင္းပခဲ့ဳကပၝတယ္။
စာေရးဆရာ႒ကီး အီဳကာေကၾး ကၾယ္လၾန္

2009-12-16
http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/prominent_writer_ikyakwe_deceased-
12162009163208.html/story_main
အသက္ ၇၂ ႎႀစ္ အ႟ၾယ္ ရႀိ႓ပီဴဖစ္တဲ့ ႎိုင္ငံေကဵာ္ ဟာသနဲႛ သေရာ္စာေတၾ ေရးတဲ့ စာေရးဆရာ႒ကီး

အီ႒ကာေကၾးဟာ ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၁၅ရက္ေနႛ မေနႛက ညေန ေဴခာက္နာရီခၾဲအခဵိန္ ရန္ကုန္
ဴပည္သူႛေဆး႟ံု႒ကီးမႀာ ကၾယ္လၾန္သၾားခဲ့တယ္လိုႛ သိရပၝတယ္။
လုပ္ေဖာ္ကိုင္ဖက္ စာေပသမားေတၾကေတာ့ ခုလို ဆရာ႒ကီး အီ႒ကာေကၾး ကၾယ္လၾန္သၾားတာဟာ

ဴမန္မာ့စာေပေလာကရဲ့ အဖိုးမဴဖတ္ႎုိင္တဲ့ ဆံုး႟ံႁးမႁ႒ကီးတခု ဴဖစ္တယ္လိုႛ ဆိုဳကပၝတယ္။
မေနႛညပိုင္း ဆရာ႒ကီးနဲႛ ေခတ္ဴပိႂင္ စာေပေလာကသားေတၾ ဆံုေတၾႚေနဳကတဲ့အခဵိန္မႀာ
အီ႒ကာေကၾး ဆံုးပၝးသၾားတယ္ဆိုတာ သိလိုက္ရတဲ့အတၾက္ စိတ္မေကာင္း ဴဖစ္႒ကရတဲ့အေဳကာင္း
စာေရးဆရာ အယ္ဒီတာ ႟ုပ္ရႀင္ဒၝ႟ိုက္တာတဦးဴဖစ္တဲ့ ဆရာ႒ကီးေမာင္မိုးသူက
အမႀတ္တရစကား အခုလိုေဴပာပၝတယ္။
ဆရာ႒ကီးေမာင္မိုးသူ။ ။ “ဘဘတိုႛ မေနႛညက စာေရးဆရာရဲ့ ေမၾးေနႛမႀာ ဘဘတိုႛ

သူငယ္ခဵင္းေတၾ အကုန္လံုး စုသၾားေနတုန္း ေတာ္ေတာ္ မဵားမဵား ဆံုေန႒ကတုန္း အဲ့မႀာ စ
႒ကားတာပဲ။ အစတုန္းက ေဆး႟ံုတက္တဲ့အေ႒ကာင္း အဏၧဝၝစိုးမိုး ဖုန္းက ေဴပာတယ္။ ေနာက္ဆံုး
တာလည္း အဏၧဝၝစိုးမိုး ဖုန္းဆက္လာေတာ့မႀ သိတယ္။ အီ႒ကာေကၾး ဆံုးတာနဲႛ ေဴပာစရာ
႟ိုး႟ိုးေလးပၝပဲ။ အင္မတန္ ခဵစ္စရာေကာင္းတယ္။ သေဘာေကာင္းတယ္။ ေပဵာ္စရာေကာင္းတယ္။
စာေပေဟာေဴပာပၾဲေတၾမႀာ ေဟာရင္လည္း သူက နံမည္႒ကီးပဲေလ။ သူနဲႛလုပ္ကိုင္ရတာလဲ
ခဵစ္စရာေကာင္းပၝတယ္။”

ဆရာ႒ကီးအီဳကာေကၾးရဲ့ စာေပေဆာင္းပၝး ေတာ္ေတာ္မဵားမဵားကို သူတာဝန္ခံခဲ့တဲ့
စာေပမဂၢဇင္းေတၾမႀာ အခန္းဆက္ ေဖာ္ဴပခဲ့တဲ့အခၝ လူထုရဲ့ အ႒ကိႂက္ေတၾႚတဲ့ ေဆာင္းပၝးေတၾ
ဴဖစ္ခဲ့တယ္လိုႛ ဓနမဂၢဇင္းတိုက္ အယ္ဒီတာ တာဝန္ယူခဲ့သူ ဆရာေမာင္မိုးသူက
ဆက္ေဴပာပၝတယ္။
ငယ္စဥ္ ေကဵာင္းသားဘဝကတည္းက ဆရာ႒ကီးရဲ့ စာေပလက္ရာေတၾနဲႛ ရင္းႎႀီးခဲ့႓ပီး

ေလးစားခဲ့ရသူ ကာတၾန္းဆရာ ေအာ္ပီကဵယ္ကေတာ့ စာေပေလာကရဲ့ အဖိုးတန္လႀတဲ့
ကေလာင္တလက္ ဆံုး႟ံႁးတဲ့အတၾက္ ဝမ္းနည္းမိတယ္လိုႛေဴပာပၝတယ္။
ေအာ္ပီကဵယ္။ ။ “ဆရာအီ႒ကာေကၾးက က႗န္ေတာ္တိုႛရဲ့ သင္ဆရာ မဟုတ္ေတာင္

ဴမင္ဆရာေပၝ့ဗဵာ။ သူေရးတာေလးေတၾက တကယ္ထိထိမိမိပၝ၊ ေကာင္းပၝတယ္။ က႗န္ေတာ္တိုႛက
နဂိုကတည္းက ႒ကိႂက္လည္း႒ကိႂက္တယ္၊ ေလးလည္းေလးစားတယ္။ စာေပတခုတည္းနဲႛ
ဆရာအီ႒ကာေကၾးတိုႛက အသက္ေမၾးရတာေလ။ ဆရာတိုႛဟာကဵလည္း မဵားေသာအားဴဖင့္
မဂၢဇင္းေတၾမႀာ ေရးတဲ့ဟာေလးေတၾဆိုေတာ့ ဝင္ေငၾအားဴဖင့္ကဵေတာ့ သိပ္႓ပီးေတာ့မမဵားဘူးေပၝ့။
အဲ့ဒၝကိုပဲ စၾဲစၾဲဴမဲဴမဲစ ာေရး႓ပီး အသက္ေမၾးေဖာ္ရတယ္ ဆိုေတာ့ က႗န္ေတာ္တိုႛက
တကယ္ခဵီးကဵႃးပၝတယ္။ ဘာဴဖစ္လိုႛဆိုေတာ့ တစိုက္မတ္မတ္ ေရးခဲ့တာကိုး။ အဲ့ေတာ့
က႗န္ေတာ္တိုႛက ႎႀေမဵာပၝတယ္။ ဆရာမႀ မဟုတ္ပၝဘူး ဘယ္သူမဆို စာေပေလာကထဲက
ဆံုးသၾား႒ကရင္ ႎႀေမဵာစရာ႒ကိီးပဲ။ ကေလာင္တေခဵာင္း ေလဵာ့ေလဵာ့သၾားတာကိုး။”
ဆရာ႒ကီး အီ႒ကာေကၾးဟာ ဓႎုဴဖႃေကဵာ္ထၾန္းဆိုတဲ့ ကေလာင္အမည္နဲႛ လစဥ္ေဆာင္းပၝးေတၾ

ေရးခဲ့ဖူးတဲ့ ဴမားနတ္ေမာင္ မဂၢဇင္းရဲ့ အယ္ဒီတာေဟာင္း ေဒၝက္တာလၾဏ္းေဆၾကလည္း
ဆရာ႒ကီးဟာ ေလာဘရမက္ အလၾန္နည္း႓ပီး ရခဲ့သမ႖ စာမူခေတၾကိုေတာင္ လုပ္ေဖာ္ကိုင္ဖက္
စာေရးဆရာေတၾကို ခၾဲေဝေပးတတ္တယ္။ အင္မတန္ သေဘာဴဖႃတဲ့ ဆရာ႒ကီးပၝလိုႛ ေဴပာပၝတယ္။
ေဒၝက္တာလၾဏ္းေဆၾ။ ။ “ဟုတ္ကဲ့ ဆရာနဲႛပတ္သက္႓ပီး အဓိက သတိထားမိတာကေတာ့

ဘဝမႀာ သူက ဘာမႀ ေလာဘစိတ္ ၊ေဒၝသစိတ္ ၊ေမာဟစိတ္ေတၾ မရႀိဘူး ဆရာဟာ ဴဖႃစင္တဲ့
လူတေယာက္ဴဖစ္တယ္။ လူတဖက္သားကို ေကာက္ေကာက္ ေကၾႚေကၾႚ မရႀိဘူး။ ေပဵာ္ေပဵာ္ေနမယ္
သူရတာမႀန္သမ႖ လႀႃမယ္၊ အမဵားအတၾက္လုပ္မယ္။ ဘဝမႀာ အားလံုး အဆင္ေဴပေအာင္
ေနထိုင္တဲ့သူ တေယာက္ ဆိုေတာ့ ဆရာရဲ့ဘဝက ဴဖႃစင္သန္ႛရႀင္းတဲ့ လူတေယာက္လိုႛ
ေဴပာရမႀာေပၝ့ေနာ္။”
ဆရာ႒ကီးအီ႒ကာေကၾးကို ၁၉၃၈ခုႎႀစ္ ဓႎုဴဖႃ႓မိႂႚ မင္းပိုင္ရပ္မႀာ ေမၾးဖၾားခဲ့တာပၝ။ ဦးေမာင္ႎႀစ္ နဲႛ

ေဒၞညၾန္ႛေမတိုႛရဲ့ တဦးတည္းေသာ သားဴဖစ္ပၝတယ္။ အမည္ရင္းကေတာ့ ကိုေကဵာ္ထၾန္းဴဖစ္႓ပီး
မူလ ကေလာင္အမည္ ဓႎုဴဖႃေကဵာ္ထၾန္း ဴဖစ္ပၝတယ္။ ၁၉၅၄ခုႎႀစ္က စတင္ စာေရးသားခဲ့တာ
ဴဖစ္႓ပီး အခု ကၾယ္လၾန္ဆံုးပၝးခဵိန္အထိ စာေရးသက္တမ္း ႎႀစ္ငၝးဆယ္ေကဵာ္႓ပီ ဴဖစ္ပၝတယ္။
အီ႒ကာေကၾး ကေလာင္နံမည္နဲႛေရးသားခဲ့တဲ့ ေနာက္တခၝေမးရင္ ေဴဖလိုက္မယ္ဆိုတဲ့ ဝတၪႂတိုကို
ပထမဆံုး ႟ုရႀဘာသာနဲႛ ဴပန္ဆိုခဲ့ပၝတယ္။ ဓႎုဴဖႃေကဵာ္ထၾန္း ကေလာင္နံမည္နဲႛ ကဗဵာ
၁၂၀၀ေကဵာ္ ဝတၪႂတို ၈၀ေကဵာ္၊ မဂၢဇင္း ဝတၪႂရႀည္ ၃ပုဒ္နဲႛ ပီမိုနင္းရဲ့ ဝတၪႂအတတ္ပညာ
စာေပကဵမ္းကိုလည္း ဴပႂစုခဲ့ပၝတယ္။ လံုးခဵင္း ဝတၪႂစာအုပ္ ၂၀ ေရးသားခဲ့႓ပီး ေသာ႒ကာစာေစာင္မႀာ
အယ္ဒီတာခဵႂပ္အဴဖစ္လည္း တာဝန္ယူ ေဆာင္႟ၾက္ခဲ့ပၝတယ္။
လက္ရႀိ ဴမန္မာဴပည္ရဲ့ စီးပၾားေရးအေဴခအေနေတၾကို သူကိုယ္တိုင္ ဂု႟ုေကၾးဆိုတဲ့

ဇာတ္ေကာင္အဴဖစ္နဲႛ ပၝဝင္တဲ့ အတိုႛအထိ သေရာ္ ဟာသေလးေတၾနဲႛ စာဖတ္ပရိသတ္ကို

မေနာေခၾႚေစခဲ့သလို ဟိုက္ရႀာလပတ္ရည္၊ သၾပ္သၾပ္သၾပ္သၾပ္ စတဲ့ စကားလံုးေလးေတၾ
တႎိုင္ငံလံုးက လူ႒ကီးလူငယ္ေတၾဳကားမႀာ ေရပန္းစားခဲ့တာပၝ။
ဆရာ႒ကီးအီ႒ကာေကၾးဟာ အသက္ဆယ့္ေဴခာက္ႎႀစ္အ႟ၾယ္ကစတင္ စာေရးသားခဲ့႓ပီး

ကၾယ္လၾန္ခဵိန္ အသက္ ၇၂ အ႟ၾယ္အထိ စာေပေရးသားဴခင္း အလုပ္ကိုသာ တစိုက္မတ္မတ္
လုပ္ေဆာင္ခဲ့သူပၝ။ ကၾယ္လၾန္ခဵိန္အထိ အိမ္ေထာင္မဴပႂပဲ လူပဵိႂ႒ကီးဘဝနဲႛပဲ ေနထုိင္ခဲ့႓ပီး
သူပိုင္ဆိုင္တဲ့ ေတာင္ဥကၠလာပ ေနအိမ္နဲႛ ဴခံဝင္းကို ႒ကိႂတင္လႀႃဒၝန္းထား႓ပီး ဴဖစ္တယ္လိုႛ
သိရပၝတယ္။
ထိန္းသိမ္းခံ ညီညီေအာင္ကိစၥ ၀န္ႀကီး ကလင္တန္

ၾကား၀င္ေဆာင္ရြက္ေပးဖုိ႔ အေမရိကန္အမတ္ တုိက္တြန္း
17 December 2009 http://www.voanews.com/burmese/2009-12-17-voa3.cfm
အင္းစိန္အက်ဥ္းေထာင္မွာ ထိန္းသိမ္းခံထားရတဲ့ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံဖြား အေမရိကန္ႏိုင္ငံသား

ကိုေက်ာ္ေဇာလြင္ေခၚ ကိုညီညီေအာင္ကိစၥနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ထိထိေရာက္ေရာက္ ကိုယ္တိုင္၀င္ၿပီး
လုပ္ေဆာင္ဖို႔ အေမရိကန္ ႏိုင္ငံျခားေရး၀န္ႀကီး ဟီလာရီ ကလင္တန္ (Hillary Clinton) ကို
ေမရီလန္းျပည္နယ္ အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္အမတ္က တိုက္တြန္းတဲ့ စာတေစာင္
ေရးသားေပးပို႔ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္အမတ္က ကိုညီညီေအာင့္ အေျခအေနကို အထူး
စုိးရိမ္ပူပန္တဲ့အေၾကာင္း ေဖာ္ျပထားပါတယ္။ အေၾကာင္းစုံကုိ ဆက္သြယ္ေမးျမန္းထားတဲ့
ကိုေက်ာ္ေက်ာ္သိန္းက တင္ျပေပးထားပါတယ္။
ႏိုင္ငံရပ္ျခားမွာ ဖမ္းဆီးထိန္းသိမ္း ခံထားရတဲ့ အေမရိကန္ ႏိုင္ငံသားတိုင္းရဲ႕ က်န္းမာေရး၊

ေဘးကင္းလံုၿခံဳေရးနဲ႔ မွ်တတဲ့ စစ္ေဆးစီရင္မႈေတြ ရပါတယ္ဆိုတာ ေသခ်ာေစဖို႔ အေမရိကန္
ႏိုင္ငံျခားေရးဌာနက လုပ္ေဆာင္ဖို႔ရာဟာ အေရးႀကီးပါတယ္လို႔ ေမရီလန္းျပည္နယ္
အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္အမတ္ ဘာဘရာ မီကူးလ္စ္ကီး (Barbara Mikulski) က
ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရး၀န္ႀကီး ဟီလာရီ ကလင္တန္ဆီ ေပးပို႔တဲ့ စာထဲမွာ ေဖာ္ျပထားပါတယ္။
ကိုေက်ာ္ေဇာလြင္ဟာ အဖမ္းမခံရခင္ အခ်ိန္ထိ ေမရီလန္းျပည္နယ္မွာ ေနထိုင္သြားတဲ့အတြက္
သူေနထိုင္တဲ့ ျပည္နယ္ရဲ႕ အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္အမတ္က အခုလို စိုးရိမ္တႀကီးနဲ႔ စာေရးသား
ေပးပို႔ တုိက္တြန္းတာလည္း ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ကိုေက်ာ္ေဇာလြင္ကို ျမန္မာစစ္အစိုးရက ဖမ္းဆီးထိန္းသိမ္းထားတဲ့အေပၚ ျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေျခရွိသမွ်

အျပင္းထန္ဆံုး ေျပာဆိုၿပီး ျပစ္တင္ ႐ႈတ္ခ်ဖို႔နဲ႔ ျပန္လည္ လြတ္ေျမာက္လာေရးအတြက္
အေမရိကန္ ႏိုင္ငံျခားေရး ၀န္ႀကီးဌာန အေနနဲ႔ လုပ္ႏိုင္သမွ် အားလံုးလုပ္ေဆာင္ဖို႔
အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္အမတ္က ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရး၀န္ႀကီးကို တိုက္တြန္းထားပါတယ္။
အခုလိုမ်ဳိး သက္ဆိုင္ရာ အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္အမတ္ ကိုယ္တိုင္က စာေရး ေတာင္းဆိုတာ၊

အေမရိကန္ အစိုးရပိုင္းက လုပ္ေဆာင္ေပးေနတာေတြအေပၚ အားရ ေက်နပ္ပါတယ္လို႔
ကိုေက်ာ္ေဇာလြင္ရဲ႕ အရင္းႏွီးဆံုး မိတ္ေဆြတဦးျဖစ္သူ မ၀ါ၀ါက ေျပာပါတယ္။

“ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕မွာလည္း အေမရိကန္ သံအရာရွိက အၿမဲတမ္း သြားၿပီးေတာ့ ၾကည့္ေပးတာမ်ဳိး၊
အခုေလာေလာဆယ္မွာလည္း ကုိညီညီေအာင္ အစာငတ္ခံ ဆႏၵျပေနတဲ့ ေန႔ကစၿပီး သူ႔ကို
ေပးေတြ႕ခြင့္ျပဳဖုိ႔ ႀကိဳးစားမႈေတြကုိ ေန႔စဥ္ရက္ဆက္ လုပ္တာမ်ဳိး၊ ၿပီးေတာ့ အင္းစိန္ေထာင္အထိ
သြားၿပီး ေထာင္အရာရွိေတြနဲ႔ သြားေတြ႕ၿပီး ဘာအေျခအေနေတြ ျဖစ္ေနပါသလဲ ဆုိတာမ်ဳိးအထိ
ဆုိေတာ့ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ အပုိင္းမွာလည္း အားရေက်နပ္မႈ ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒီမွာလည္း အားရေက်နပ္မႈ
ရွိပါတယ္။ အဓိက ျပႆနာ ျဖစ္ေနတာက ျမန္မာ စစ္အာဏာပုိင္မ်ား အေနနဲ႔ ဘာမွ ျပန္လည္
တုံ႔ျပန္မႈ မရွိဘူးဆုိတဲ့ အေပၚမွာ အဓိက ျပႆနာ ျဖစ္ေနတာပါ။”
ကိုေက်ာ္ေဇာလြင္ဟာ စက္တင္ဘာလ ၃ ရက္ေန႔က တရား၀င္ ျပည္၀င္ခြင့္ဗီဇာနဲ႔

ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံကုိအျပန္ မဂၤလာဒံု ေလဆိပ္မွာပဲ အဖမ္းခံခဲ့ရတာပါ။ သူ႔ကို ဖမ္းဆီးၿပီးတဲ့ေနာက္
လုပ္တဲ့ သတင္းစာရွင္းလင္းပြဲတခုမွာ ဆူပူအံုႂကြမႈေတြ၊ ေဖာက္ခြဲေရး ျဖစ္ရပ္ေတြနဲ႔ ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ၿပီး
ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့ဖူးေပမဲ့ ေနာက္ပိုင္း ပုဒ္မတပ္တဲ့ အခါမွာေတာ့ အဲဒါေတြ မဟုတ္ေတာ့ဘဲ
စာရြက္စာတမ္းအတု ကိုင္ေဆာင္မႈ၊ လိမ္လည္မႈေတြနဲ႔ စြပ္စြဲၿပီး တရား႐ံုးတင္ စစ္ေဆးခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ဒါ့အျပင္ ႏုိင္ငံျခားေငြ တရားမ၀င္ ကိုင္ေဆာင္မႈ ဆိုတာကိုလည္း ထပ္ျဖည့္ စြပ္စြဲခဲ့ပါေသးတယ္။
ဒီလို ပုဒ္မေတြ အမ်ားႀကီးတပ္ၿပီး မတရားလုပ္ေနတဲ့ အေပၚနဲ႔ ခြဲျခားမႈေတြအေပၚ

ဆန္႔က်င္ကန္႔ကြက္တဲ့ အေနနဲ႔ ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၄ ရက္ေန႔ ကတည္းကစၿပီး ကိုေက်ာ္ေဇာလြင္က
အစာငတ္ခံ ဆႏၵျပေနတဲ့အေၾကာင္း သတင္းေတြ ထြက္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ အဲဒီေနာက္ပိုင္း
တရား႐ံုးခ်ိန္းတရက္မွာ သူ႔က်န္းမာေရး အေျခအေနေၾကာင့္ဆိုၿပီး ႐ုံုးခ်ိန္းေရႊ႕ဆိုင္းခဲ့သလို
ေထာင္၀င္စာ ေတြ႕ခြင့္ကိုလည္း တပတ္ တခါကေန ႏွစ္ပတ္တခါပဲ ေတြ႕ခြင့္ရေတာ့မယ္လို႔
ေျပာင္းခဲ့ပါတယ္။
အဲဒီျဖစ္ရပ္ေတြ ေနာက္ပိုင္းမွာေတာ့ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံကို လာေရာက္ၿပီး အေမရိကန္ ႏိုင္ငံသား ဂၽြန္

၀ီလီယမ္ ယက္ေတာ (John William Yettaw) လြတ္ေျမာက္ေရး လုပ္ေပးခဲ့တဲ့
အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္အမတ္ ဂ်င္မ္ ၀က္ဘ္ (Jim Webb) ကလည္း ကိုေက်ာ္ေဇာလြင္ရဲ႕
အေျခအေနအေပၚ စိုးရိမ္တဲ့အေၾကာင္းနဲ႔ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕၊ အေမရိကန္သံ႐ံုးက တာ၀န္ရွိသူကို သူနဲ႔
ေတြ႕ခြင့္ေပးဖို႔ ေၾကညာခ်က္တေစာင္ ထုတ္ျပန္ၿပီး ေတာင္းဆိုခဲ့ပါတယ္။ သံ႐ံုး တာ၀န္ရွိသူက
ကိုေက်ာ္ေဇာလြင္ကို ေနာက္ဆံုး ေတြ႕ခြင့္ရခဲ့တာ ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၃ ရက္ေန႔က ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ဒီအေတာအတြင္း အေမရိကန္ ႏိုင္ငံျခားေရးဌာနက သူ႔ကိစၥကို ဆက္တိုက္နီးပါး ထုတ္ေဖာ္

ေျပာဆိုတာေတြ ရွိခဲ့ၿပီး သံ႐ံုးတာ၀န္ရွိသူနဲ႔ ေတြ႕ခြင့္ေပးဖို႔ အဆက္မျပတ္
ေတာင္းဆိုထားပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့လည္း ဘယ္သူမွ ေတြ႕ခြင့္မရေသးတဲ့အတြက္ အထူး
စိုးရိမ္ေနရတဲ့အေၾကာင္း မ၀ါ၀ါက ေျပာပါတယ္။
“ေနာက္ဆုံး အေျခအေနကေတာ့ တကယ္ကုိ ဘာမွမသိရတာ။ ဘာမွ မသိရဘူးဆုိတာ

သံအရာရွိကေနၿပီး အင္းစိန္ေထာင္အထိ သြားတယ္။ ေထာင္အာဏာပုိင္ကတဆင့္
ေျပာလုိက္တဲ့အေၾကာင္း ၾကားရတာကေတာ့ သူ အခုအခ်ိန္မွာ ေဆးသြင္းေနရတယ္လို႔ေတာ့
ေျပာတယ္။ လူနဲ႔မေတြ႕ရတဲ့အတြက္ ေဆးသြင္းတာလည္း တကယ္သြင္းေနတာလား၊

အသက္ရွင္လ်က္ ရွိေနလား၊ မရွိဘူးလား၊ သူတို႔ေျပာတာ မွန္လား၊ မမွန္ဘူးလားဆုိတာ က်မ
တကယ္ ဘာမွ အတည္ျပဳေပးလုိ႔ မရဘူး။ စိုးရိမ္တာကေတာ့ အတုိင္းထက္ အလြန္ပါပဲ။”
ကိုေက်ာ္ေဇာလြင္ ေခၚ ကိုညီညီေအာင္ရဲ႕ မိတ္ေဆြတဦးျဖစ္သူ မ၀ါ၀ါ ေျပာျပသြားတာ

ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
အေမရိကန္ ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရးဌာန အေနနဲ႔ ကိုညီညီေအာင္ လြတ္ေျမာက္တဲ့ အခ်ိန္ထိ

သူ႔ရဲ႕အေျခအေနကို ဂ႐ုတစိုက္နဲ႔ အဆက္မျပတ္ ေစာင့္ၾကည့္သြားၿပီး အေျခအေန အရပ္ရပ္ကို
မိသားစုဆီ အေၾကာင္းၾကားေပးသြားဖို႔လည္း အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္အမတ္ ဘာဘရာ
မီကူးလ္စ္ကီးက သူ႔စာထဲမွာ ေရးသားထားပါတယ္။
အီရန္၊ ျမန္မာတုိ႔အေပၚ ပိတ္ဆုိ႔မႈကို

ခ်ဳိးေဖာက္လို႔ ဆြစ္ဘဏ္ ဒဏ္တပ္ခံရ
အီရန္နဲ႔ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ အပါအ၀င္ အေမရိကန္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုက အေရးယူ ပိတ္ဆုိ႔ ဒဏ္ခတ္ထားတဲ့

ႏုိင္ငံေတြကို တရားမ၀င္ ေငြလႊဲခဲ့တယ္ဆုိၿပီး ဆြစ္ဇာလန္ႏုိင္ငံ အေျခစုိက္ ခရက္ဒစ္ ဆူဆီ
ဘဏ္ႀကီးကို အေမရိကန္ ျပည္ေထာင္စု ဗဟုိအစိုးရ တရား႐ုံးက ဒဏ္ေငြ အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ
သန္း ၅၀၀ ေက်ာ္ ခ်မွတ္လိုက္ပါတယ္။ အေၾကာင္းစုံကို ကုိသိန္းထုိက္ဦးက
တင္ျပေပးထားပါတယ္။
ဆြစ္ဇာလန္ႏုိင္ငံ အေျခစုိက္ ခရက္ဒစ္ ဆူဆီ (Credit Suisse) ဘဏ္ႀကီးက ႏုိင္ငံတကာ

အတုိင္းအတာနဲ႔ ေငြေၾကး စီမံခန္႔ခြဲမႈ လုပ္ငန္းေတြ၊ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံတဲ့ လုပ္ငန္းေတြကုိ
လုပ္ကုိင္ေနတဲ့ ဘဏ္ႀကီး ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီဘဏ္ႀကီးက အေမရိကန္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုက အေရးယူ
ပိတ္ဆုိ႔ထားတဲ့ ႏုိင္ငံေတြမွာရွိတဲ့ စီးပြားေရး လုပ္ငန္းေတြကုိ ေငြသြင္း ေငြထုတ္လုပ္ငန္းေတြကုိ
ဆယ္စုႏွစ္နဲ႔ခ်ီၿပီး လုပ္ကုိင္ေပးခဲ့တယ္ဆုိၿပီး ဗဟုိတရား႐ုံးက မွတ္တမ္းတင္ထားပါတယ္။
ဒါေၾကာင့္လည္း ဒဏ္ေငြ အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ ၅၃၆ သန္း ေပးရမယ္လို႔ ခရက္ဒစ္ ဆူဆီ

ဘဏ္ႀကီးကို အေမရိကန္ ဗဟုိအစုိးရ တရား႐ုံးက ဒဏ္ေငြ တပ္လုိက္တာပါ။ အဓိက
ေငြအလႊဲအေျပာင္း လုပ္ခဲ့တဲ့ ဘဏ္ေတြက အီရန္ႏုိင္ငံက ဘဏ္ေတြလို႔ ေဖာ္ျပေပမဲ့ ျမန္မာ၊
ဆူဒန္၊ က်ဴးဘား စတဲ့ႏုိင္ငံေတြကုိလည္း ေငြလႊဲေျပာင္းတဲ့ လုပ္ငန္းေတြ လုပ္ကုိင္ခဲ့ၿပီး စုစုေပါင္း
လႊဲေျပာင္းခဲ့တဲ့ ေငြပမာဏက ဆယ္စုႏွစ္ေတြအတြင္း အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ သန္း ၁,၆၀၀ ေက်ာ္
ရွိႏုိင္တယ္လို႔ သတင္းေတြက ေဖာ္ျပပါတယ္။
ဒီလို အေမရိကန္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုက အေရးယူ ပိတ္ဆုိ႔ထားတဲ့ ႏုိင္ငံေတြက ဘဏ္ေတြနဲ႔

ေငြလႊဲေျပာင္းတဲ့ လုပ္ငန္းေတြ လုပ္ကုိင္ခဲ့အတြက္ အေမရိကန္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုရဲ႕ စီးပြားေရး
ပိတ္ဆုိ႔မႈဆုိင္ရာ စည္းမ်ဥ္းေတြကို သိသိနဲ႔ တမင္ ခ်ဳိးေဖာက္တဲ့အေၾကာင္း တရား႐ုံးက
မွတ္တမ္းတင္ပါတယ္။ ၂၀၀၂ ခုႏွစ္ကေန ၂၀၀၅ ခုႏွစ္အတြင္း ခရက္ဒစ္ ဆူဆီ ဘဏ္ကေန
အီရန္ဘဏ္ေတြကို အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ ၅၀,၀၀၀ ကေန ၂၀၀,၀၀၀ အထိ ေငြလႊဲခဲ့တယ္လို႔
တရား႐ုံးမွတ္တမ္းေတြက ေဖာ္ျပပါတယ္။
ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံနဲ႔ လစ္ဗ်ားႏုိင္ငံေတြကို ပို႔ေပးခဲ့တဲ့ လႊဲေျပာင္းခဲ့တဲ့ ပမာဏကေတာ့ ပမာဏအားျဖင့္

မမ်ားဘူးလုိ႔ ဆုိပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့လည္း ဘယ္ေလာက္ ေငြပမာဏ လႊဲတယ္၊ ဘယ္လုပ္ငန္းေတြ၊
ဘယ္ဘဏ္ေတြကို ေငြလႊဲခဲ့တယ္ ဆုိတာေတြကုိေတာ့ တိတိက်က် မသိရပါဘူး။
အေမရိကန္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုက စီးပြားေရး ပိတ္ဆုိ႔ ဒဏ္ခတ္ထားတဲ့ တုိင္းျပည္ေတြကုိ

ေငြလႊဲေျပာင္းတဲ့ လုပ္ငန္းေတြ လုပ္ကုိင္ခဲ့တဲ့အတြက္ အေရးယူ ပိတ္ဆို႔မႈ ဥပေဒကို
ခ်ဳိးေဖာက္တယ္ဆုိၿပီး ဆြစ္ဇာလန္ အေျခစုိက္ ခရက္ဒစ္ ဆူဆီဘဏ္ အပါအ၀င္ ဘဏ္စုစုေပါင္း
၁၀ ခုကုိ အေမရိကန္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုက လနဲ႔ခ်ီၿပီး စုံစမ္းစစ္ေဆးတာေတြ လုပ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။
အလားတူ စည္းမ်ဥ္းေတြကို ခ်ဳိးေဖာက္တယ္ဆုိၿပီး ဒီႏွစ္ ဇန္န၀ါရီလ အတြင္းက ၿဗိတိန္ႏုိင္ငံ

အေျခစုိက္ လြိဳက္စ္ တီအက္စ္ဘီ (Lloyds TSB) ဘဏ္ကို ေဒၚလာသန္း ၃၅၀ ဒဏ္ေငြ
ခ်မွတ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ အခု ႏွစ္ကုန္ပုိင္းမွာ ဆြစ္ဇာလန္ အေျခစုိက္ ခရက္ဒစ္ ဆူဆီ ဘဏ္ႀကီးကို
ထပ္ၿပီး ဒဏ္ေငြ ခ်မွတ္လိုက္တာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ဘဂၤလားေဒ့ရွ္ေရာက္ ျမန္မာမ်ား ျပန္ပို႔ခံရ

ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ အေနာက္ဘက္နယ္စပ္ ဘဂၤလားေဒ့ရွ္မွာေတာ့ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံသားေတြကို ျပန္လည္

ေမာင္းထုတ္ေနပါတယ္။ ႏွစ္ေပါင္း ၂၀ နီးပါး ေနထုိင္လာခဲ့တဲ့ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံသားေတြကုိ
ပထမဦးဆုံး အႀကိမ္အျဖစ္ အစုလိုက္၊ အၿပဳံလုိက္ ဖမ္းဆီးၿပီး ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံဘက္ကမ္းကုိ
အတင္းအဓမၼ ျပန္ပို႔ေနတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အေၾကာင္းစုံကုိ ဘဂၤလားေဒ့ရွ္၊ ျမန္မာ နယ္စပ္က
သတင္းေထာက္ ကိုေအာင္စံမင္းက တင္ျပေပးထားပါတယ္။
ဘဂၤလားေဒ့ရွ္ ရဲေတြက စစ္တေကာင္း ေတာင္တန္းေတြမွာ ေနထုိင္ၾကတဲ့ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံသား

မြတ္ဆလင္ေတြနဲ႔ ရခုိင္လူမ်ဳိးေတြကို ေနရာအႏွံ႔အျပားမွာ ဖမ္းဆီးခဲ့ၿပီး ဖမ္းဆီးရမိသူေပါင္း ၆၀၀
ေက်ာ္ကို အခုလပုိင္းအတြင္း အသုတ္လုိက္ခြဲၿပီး ဘဂၤလားေဒ့ရွ္-ျမန္မာ နယ္စပ္ဘက္ကုိ
ေခၚသြားၿပီး ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံဘက္ကုိ ျပန္ခုိင္းပါတယ္။
ဖမ္းဆီး ျပန္ပုိ႔ခံရသူေတြက ဘဂၤလားေဒ့ရွ္ႏုိင္ငံကုိပဲ အမ်ားအျပား ျပန္လာေနၾကပါတယ္။ အဲဒီလို

ျပန္လာေနၾကသူေတြအနက္ အလယ္ခြာေတာင္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ရြာေဟာင္းရြာမွာ ေနထုိင္ၿပီး မၾကာခင္က
အဖမ္းခံ၊ ျပန္ပို႔ခံခဲ့ရၿပီး ျပန္လာခဲ့သူတဦးက အခုလို ေျပာျပပါတယ္။

“က်ေနာ့္ကို လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ ၁၅ ရက္ေလာက္ ဘဂၤလားေဒ့ရွ္က ရဲေတြ ၅ ေယာက္ ၆ ေယာက္ေလာက္
လာၿပီး လာဖမ္းတယ္။ စခန္းမွာ တည၊ အဲဒီမွာ ဖမ္းထားတဲ့ ဘဂၤါလီ ကုလားေတြလည္း
အမ်ားႀကီးရွိတယ္။ ရခုိင္ျပည္ ကုလားေတြပဲ။ မေန႔အေစာပုိင္းက က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကုိ ကားေတြနဲ႔
ေခၚသြားတယ္။ နယ္စပ္ကို ေခၚသြားၿပီး ခင္ဗ်ားတုိ႔ ဟုိဘက္ကမ္းကိုသြား၊ မင္းတုိ႔ျပည္
မင္းတို႔သြားဆိုၿပီး လက္ညႇဳိးၫႊန္ျပတယ္။ ၿပီးေတာ့ ၁၅ မိနစ္ေလာက္ အၾကာမွာ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကို
လႊတ္ၿပီးေတာ့ သူတို႔ ျပန္သြားတယ္။ သူတုိ႔ျပန္သြားေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ဒီက ဘဂၤါလီ ကုလားေတြနဲ႔
ကုိယ့္ေနရာကိုယ္ ျပန္လာၾကတယ္။”
မိမိေနထုိင္ရာ ေက်းရြာကို ျပန္လာသူတဦး ေျပာျပသြားတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ရဲေတြက အဲဒီလုိ လုိက္လံ ဖမ္းဆီးေနစဥ္ အဖမ္းမခံရဘဲ အခုထိ ေရွာင္တိမ္းေနရသူ

တဦးကလည္း အခုလိုေျပာပါတယ္။
“က်ေနာ္ ဒီမွာေနတာ ႏွစ္ေပါင္း ၁၅ ႏွစ္ရွိၿပီ။ ကိုယ့္ဟာကိုယ္ပဲ ၀ါးခုတ္ သစ္ခုတ္

လုပ္စားေနတယ္။ လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ တပတ္ေလာက္က က်ေနာ့္အိမ္ကုိလာၿပီး ရခုိင္သားေရာ၊
မြတ္ဆလင္ေရာ ဖမ္းတယ္ဆုိၿပီး လုိက္ရွာတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ က်ေနာ္က အျပင္မွာရွိေနလို႔
လြဲသြားတယ္။ က်ေနာ္လည္း ကိုယ့္ရခုိင္ျပည္ ကိုယ္ မျပန္ခ်င္ေတာ့ဘူး။ ဘာျဖစ္လုိ႔လဲဆုိေတာ့
ဟုိမွာလည္း လြတ္လပ္ခြင့္ မရွိဘူး။ ဒီမွာလည္း ဘယ္လုိျဖစ္မယ္ဆုိတာ ဘယ္သူမွ မေျပာႏုိင္ဘူး။
အာမခံခ်က္ မေပးႏုိင္ဘူး။
“အဲဒါ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ဘယ္လုိလုပ္ၿပီး ေနထုိင္ရမလဲ။ ဒါကိုပဲ စဥ္းစားေနရတယ္။

သားနဲ႔သမီးနဲ႔ဆုိေတာ့၊ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔လည္း အခု ေတာမွာပဲ ပုန္းၿပီးေနရတယ္။ တခါတေလ အိမ္က
မုိဘုိင္းနဲ႔ အဆက္အသြယ္ ယူၿပီးေတာ့မွ အိမ္ကုိလာတယ္။ တပတ္မွ တခါ၊ ႏွစ္ခါ
အဲလုိပဲေရာက္တယ္။ အလုပ္လည္း ျပတ္ေနတယ္၊ စား၀တ္ေနေရးလည္း ေတာ္ေတာ္
အခက္အခဲရွိတယ္။”
တပုိင္ရြာမွာ ေနထုိင္ၿပီး ေရွာင္တိမ္းေနရသူတဦး ေျပာျပသြားတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ဒီလူေတြဟာ လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ ႏွစ္ေပါင္း ၂၀ ေက်ာ္ကစၿပီး ဘဂၤလားေဒ့ရွ္ကို တရားမ၀င္

၀င္ေရာက္လာခဲ့ၾကၿပီး အေျခခ် ေနထုိင္လာခဲ့ၾကသူေတြ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အရင္က အခုလုိ တခါမွ
ဖမ္းဆီး ျပန္ပို႔ခဲ့တာ မရွိခဲ့ပါဘူး။ အခုအခ်ိန္က်မွ ဖမ္းဆီးလိုက္၊ နယ္စပ္ကုိ ေမာင္းထုတ္လုိက္၊
ဘဂၤလားေဒ့ရွ္ကို ျဖစ္တဲ့နည္းနဲ႔ ျပန္လာလုိက္နဲ႔ ေတာ္ေတာ္ ႐ႈပ္႐ႈပ္ေထြးေထြး ျဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။
အဲဒီလုိ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံသား မြတ္ဆလင္နဲ႔ ရခုိင္လူမ်ဳိးေပါင္း စစ္တေကာင္း ေတာင္တန္းနယ္

တခုလုံးမွာ ၅၀,၀၀၀ ထက္မနည္း ရွိေနေၾကာင္း ေဒသဆုိင္ရာ အာဏာပုိင္မ်ားက
ခန္႔မွန္းထားပါတယ္။

သက္ႀကီးရြယ္အုိ ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားကုိ ေဒၚစု ဂါရ၀ျပဳ

ျမန္မာ့ဒီမုိကေရစီေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ဟာ NLD ဥကၠ႒ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ အပါအ၀င္

ဗဟုိအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္ ၃ ဦးကို ဗုဒၶဟူးေန႔မွာ ေတြ႕ဆုံ ဂါရ၀ျပဳခြင့္ ရခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဒီလုိေတြ႕ဆုံရာမွာ
ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္ အဖြဲ႕ကို ျပန္ဖြဲ႕ဖုိ႔ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ေတာင္းဆုိခဲ့သလုိ လူႀကီး ၃
ဦးကလည္း သေဘာတူခဲ့တဲ့အျပင္ NLD CEC ေတြကေရာ၊ CRPP ကပါ
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ရဲ႕ ႏုိင္ငံေရးနဲ႔ NLD အေရးကိစၥ ေဆာင္ရြက္မႈေတြကို ေထာက္ခံေၾကာင္း
အားေပးစကား ေျပာၾကားခဲ့တယ္လို႔ NLD ေျပာခြင့္ရပုဂၢိဳလ္ ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္းက ေျပာပါတယ္။
အျပည့္အစုံကို ေဒၚခင္မ်ဳိးသက္က ဆက္သြယ္ေမးျမန္းၿပီး တင္ျပေပးထားပါတယ္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က စစ္အစိုးရ အႀကီးအကဲ

ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီးသန္းေရႊဆီကုိ ႏုိ၀င္ဘာလ ၁၁ ရက္ေန႔က
ေရးသားေပးပုိ႔တဲ့ စာထဲမွာ အသက္အရြယ္ ႀကီးရင့္ၿပီျဖစ္တဲ့
NLD ပါတီဥကၠ႒ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ၊ ပါတီအတြင္းေရးမႉး ဦးလြင္နဲ႔
ဗဟုိအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္ အဖြဲ႕၀င္ ဦးလြန္းတင္တုိ႔ကုိ
ေတြ႕ဆုံခြင့္ေပးဖုိ႔ ေတာင္းဆုိခဲ့တဲ့အျပင္ NLD ပါတီက
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ႏွင့္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္အားလုံး ပါ၀င္တဲ့ ပုံမွန္အစည္းအေ၀းေတြ
ေတြ႕ဆုံၿပီးေနာက္ က်င္းပႏုိင္ခြင့္ ရဖုိ႔လည္း ေတာင္းဆိုခဲ့ပါတယ္။
သူ၏ေနအိမ္တြင္ ဗုဒၶဟူးေန႔မွာေတာ့ ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္ အစိုးရ ဧည့္ေဂဟာမွာ လူႀကီး ၃
သတင္းေထာက္မ်ားအား ဦးနဲ႔ ေတြ႕ခြင့္ရခဲ့တယ္လုိ႔ NLD ေျပာခြင့္ရပုဂၢိဳလ္ ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္းက
ရွင္းလင္း ေျပာၾကားေနသည့္ ေျပာပါတယ္။
NLD ပါတီ အတြင္းေရးမႉး
“အန္ကယ္ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊရယ္၊ ဦးလြင္ရယ္၊ အန္ကယ္
ဦးလြင္။
ဦးလြန္းတင္ရယ္ ၃ ေယာက္ပါ။ ေစာေစာပုိင္းက က်ေနာ္
ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၁၆၊ ၂၀၀၉။
အန္ကယ္ ဦးလြန္းတင္နဲ႔ စကားေျပာေနတယ္။
သူေျပာျပတာေတြေပါ့၊ အဓိကကေတာ့ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ အေနနဲ႔ ႏုိင္ငံေရး၊ NLD
အေရးကိစၥေတြ ေဆာင္ရြက္တဲ့ေနရာမွာ ေနာက္ဆံမတင္းနဲ႔၊ NLD CEC ေရာ၊ CRPP ေရာ လုံး၀
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္အတြက္ ေထာက္ခံေနတယ္ဆုိတာ သူ႔ကုိ အားေပးတဲ့စကားေတြ
ေျပာလာခဲ့တယ္။ က်န္တာေတာ့ က်န္းမာေရး၊ သာေရးနာေရးက မ်ားပါတယ္။
ႏုိင္ငံေရးအရေတာ့ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ခ်က္ေတြကုိ ေထာက္ခံေၾကာင္း
လူႀကီးေတြက ေျပာခဲ့တယ္။”
အမ်ဳိးသားဒီမုိကေရစီ အဖြဲ႕ခ်ဳပ္ ပါတီအေနနဲ႔ ဗဟုိအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္ အဖြဲ႕ကို ျပန္ဖြဲ႕ဖုိ႔ပါ

သေဘာတူခဲ့တဲ့အတြက္ ဒါဟာ NLD ပါတီက လူငယ္ မ်ဳိးဆက္သစ္ေတြပါ ပါ၀င္ေဆာင္ရြက္ခြင့္
ရလာေတာ့မွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီလိုေဆာင္ရြက္တာဟာ ေရွ႕ႏွစ္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး

ျပင္ဆင္တာမ်ဳိး ဟုတ္မဟုတ္ ေမးၾကည့္တဲ့ အခါမွာေတာ့ ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္းက အခုလို
ဆက္ေျပာပါတယ္။
“ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲကိစၥ အန္ကယ္တို႔က အဖြဲ႕ခ်ဳပ္အေနနဲ႔ေရာ၊ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ေရာ၊

ဥကၠ႒ေရာ အားလုံး တသေဘာတည္း ရွိတာက အခုအခ်ိန္မွာ ဒါ ဘာမွ စဥ္းစားစရာ မလိုဘူး။
က်ေနာ္တုိ႔က ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ ဥပေဒတုိ႔၊ ေကာ္မရွင္ ဥပေဒတုိ႔ ဒါေတြကို ၾကည့္ရဦးမယ္။ ဒီဟာေတြ
ဘာပါမွန္းမသိဘဲနဲ႔ အန္ကယ္တုိ႔ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲဆုိင္ရာ ေျပာၾကားခ်က္ကို ေျပာမွာမဟုတ္ဘူး။”
ျမန္မာ့ဒီမုိကေရစီေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ဟာ အသက္ ၉၃ ႏွစ္ရွိၿပီျဖစ္တဲ့

ပါတီဥကၠ႒ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ၊ အသက္ ၈၅ ႏွစ္အရြယ္ ပါတီအတြင္းေရးမႉး ဦးလြင္နဲ႔ ပါတီ
ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္ အဖြဲ႕၀င္ အသက္ ၈၈ ႏွစ္ ရွိၿပီျဖစ္တဲ့ ဦးလြန္းတင္တို႔နဲ႔ ၄၅ မိနစ္ၾကာ
ေတြ႕ဆုံခြင့္ ရခဲ့တာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အခုလို ႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာအတြင္း ပထမဆုံးအႀကိမ္
ေတြ႕ခြင့္ရတဲ့အတြက္ ႏွစ္ဘက္ ၀မ္းေျမာက္ေနတယ္လို႔လည္း ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္းက ေျပာပါတယ္။
ဒါ့အျပင္ အသက္အရြယ္ ႀကီးရင့္ၿပီျဖစ္တဲ့ လူႀကီးေတြရဲ႕ က်န္းမာေရး အေျခအေနနဲ႔
ပတ္သက္ၿပီးလည္း အခုလို ေျပာပါတယ္။
“က်န္းမာေရး အေျခအေနက အန္ကယ္က သီးျခား ထူးထူးျခားျခား ေရာဂါေတာ့ မရွိဘူး။

သို႔ေသာ္ အသက္အရြယ္ေၾကာင့္ သူက ကိုယ္တုိင္ လမ္းမေလွ်ာက္ႏုိင္ေတာ့ဘူး။ တြဲတာေတာင္
မဟုတ္ဘူး၊ ဖက္ၿပီးေတာ့ကို ေလွ်ာက္ရတယ္။ အဲဒီအေျခအေနပါ။ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊလည္း ဒီလိုေပါ့၊
အသက္အရြယ္ေၾကာင့္ ေလွကားေတြဘာေတြ သိပ္မတက္ႏုိင္ဘူး။ အန္ကယ္ ဦးလြင္က
ခါး႐ုိးျပားထားတယ္။ ေလကလည္း ဟုိတုန္းက ျဖတ္ထားဖူးေတာ့ သူကလည္း တေယာက္တည္း
ေလွ်ာက္လို႔မရဘူး။
“သူတို႔ေျပာတာကေတာ့ အခုလို မေတြ႕တာလည္း ၾကာေတာ့ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္နဲ႔

ေတြ႕ရတာ သူတုိ႔လည္း အရမ္း ၀မ္းသာပါတယ္။ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ကလည္း အရမ္း
၀မ္းသာေက်နပ္ေနတယ္လုိ႔ သူတို႔ သိရတယ္။ ဒါကို ေျပာျပတယ္။”
NLD ေျပာခြင့္ရပုဂၢိဳလ္ ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္း ေျပာျပသြားတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
သက္ႀကီးပုိင္း NLD ေခါင္းေဆာင္ တခ်ဳိ႕နဲ႔ ေဒၚစု

ေတြ႕ဆုံခြင့္ျပဳမႈ အေမရိကန္ ႀကိဳဆုိ
ေနအိမ္မွာ ဆက္လက္ဖမ္းဆီးခံထားရတဲ့ ျမန္မာ့ဒီမုိကေရစီေခါင္းေဆာင္

ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ကုိ သူ႔ရဲ႕ အမ်ဳိးသားဒီမုိကေရစီ အဖဲြ႕ခ်ဳပ္ (NLD) ပါတီရဲ႕ သက္ႀကီးပုိင္း
ေခါင္းေဆာင္တခ်ဳိ႕နဲ႔ ေတြ႕ဆုံခြင့္ ရခဲ့တဲ့အေပၚ အေမရိကန္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုက အျပဳသေဘာ

႐ႈျမင္ခဲ့ေပမဲ့ ဒီထက္က်ယ္ျပန္႔တဲ့ ေတြ႕ဆုံမႈေတြ ျဖစ္ဖုိ႔အတြက္လည္း ျမန္မာစစ္အစုိးရကုိ
တုိက္တြန္းလုိက္ပါတယ္။ အေၾကာင္းစုံကုိ ကိုေအာင္လြင္ဦးက တင္ျပေပးထားပါတယ္။
NLD ပါတီရဲ႕ သက္ႀကီးပုိင္း ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြ ျဖစ္ၾကတဲ့ ဥကၠ႒ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ၊ ပါတီ

အတြင္းေရးမႉး ဦးလြင္နဲ႔ ဗဟုိအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္ အဖဲြ႕၀င္ ဦးလြန္းတင္တုိ႔နဲ႔
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ မေန႔တုန္းကပဲ ေတြ႕ဆုံခြင့္ ရခဲ့တဲ့အတြက္ အေမရိကန္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုက
ႀကိဳဆုိတဲ့အေၾကာင္း ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရး ၀န္ႀကီးဌာန ေျပာခြင့္ရသူ အီယန္ ကယ္လီ (Ian Kelley) က
သတင္းစာရွင္းလင္းပဲြအတြင္း ေျပာဆုိလုိက္တာပါ။
“ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ကုိ သူ႔ရဲ႕ပါတီက ဗဟုိေကာ္မတီ၀င္ လူႀကီး ၃ ဦးထံ သြားေရာက္

ဂါရ၀ျပဳဖုိ႔ အာဏာပုိင္ေတြက ခြင့္ေပးလုိက္တဲ့အတြက္ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ႀကိဳဆုိပါတယ္။ ဒါဟာ
အမ်ဳိးသားဒီမုိကေရစီ အဖဲြ႕ခ်ဳပ္ (NLD) ပါတီရဲ႕ ဗဟုိေကာ္မတီ တခုလုံးနဲ႔
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္တုိ႔ ေတြ႕ဆုံႏုိင္ဖုိ႔ ေျခလွမ္းတလွမ္း ျဖစ္လိမ့္မယ္လုိ႔လည္း
ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ပါတယ္။”
အသက္အရြယ္ ႀကီးရင့္ၿပီး က်န္းမာေရးမေကာင္း ျဖစ္ေနၾကတဲ့ ပါတီလူႀကီးပုိင္းနဲ႔

ေတြ႕ဆုံလုိေၾကာင္းနဲ႔ ပါတီေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြနဲ႔ ပုံမွန္ေဆြးေႏြးမႈေတြ လုပ္ေဆာင္ခြင့္ေပးဖုိ႔
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ႏုိ၀င္ဘာလ ၁၁ ရက္ေန႔က စစ္အစုိးရေခါင္းေဆာင္
ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီးသန္းေရႊထံ စာေရးသား ေတာင္းဆုိခဲ့ၿပီးတဲ့ေနာက္ မေန႔တုန္းက
ေတြ႕ဆုံခြင့္ရခဲ့တာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီလုိ ေတြ႕ဆုံမႈေတြအေပၚ အေမရိကန္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုက
ႀကိဳဆုိလုိက္တယ္ ဆုိေပမဲ့လည္း ဒီထက္ပုိၿပီး ေဆြးေႏြးေျပာဆုိမႈေတြ လုပ္ေဆာင္တာမ်ဳိး
ျမင္ေတြ႕လုိတဲ့ အေၾကာင္းလည္း ေျပာဆုိခဲ့တာပါ။
“ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္၊ ဒီမုိကေရစီ အတုိက္အခံ အင္အားစုေတြ၊

တုိင္းရင္းသားေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြ၊ တျခား သက္ဆုိင္သူ ပုဂၢိဳလ္ေတြနဲ႔ ထိေတြ႕ဆက္ဆံမႈေတြ
လုပ္သြားဖုိ႔၊ အေပါင္းလကၡဏာေဆာင္တဲ့ လမ္းေၾကာင္းေပၚ ဦးတည္ေစမယ့္ စစ္မွန္တဲ့
ေဆြးေႏြးေျပာဆုိမႈေတြ လုပ္သြားဖုိ႔အတြက္လည္း ျမန္မာစစ္အစုိးရကုိ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ဆက္ၿပီး
တုိက္တြန္းပါတယ္။”
အေမရိကန္ ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရး၀န္ႀကီးဌာန ေျပာခြင့္ရသူ အီယန္ ကယ္လီ ေျပာသြားတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ျမန္မာစစ္အစုိးရရဲ႕ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရး ခ်ဳိးေဖာက္မႈေတြနဲ႔ ႏုိင္ငံေရး တုိးတက္မႈ မရွိတဲ့

အေျခအေနေတြေၾကာင့္ အေရးယူ ဒဏ္ခတ္မႈေတြ ခ်မွတ္ထားတဲ့ အေမရိကန္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုက
တုိက္႐ုိက္ ဆက္ဆံမႈေတြပါ လုပ္ေဆာင္သြားဖုိ႔ သမၼတ ဘရက္ခ္ အိုဘားမား (Barack Obama)
အစုိးရက ဆုံးျဖတ္ခဲ့ၿပီးတဲ့ေနာက္ လက္ေထာက္ ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရး၀န္ႀကီး ကာ့တ္ ကမ္းဘဲလ္ (Kurt
Campbell) ဦးေဆာင္ၿပီး ျမန္မာစစ္အစုိးရ ကုိယ္စားလွယ္ေတြနဲ႔ ေတြ႕ဆုံမႈေတြလည္း ရွိခဲ့တာပါ။
ဒါေပမဲ့လည္း ၿပီးခဲ့တဲ့ လထဲတုန္းကပဲ မစၥတာကမ္းဘဲလ္နဲ႔ အတူ ျမန္မာစစ္အစုိးရ

တာ၀န္ရွိသူေတြနဲ႔ ေတြ႕ဆုံခဲ့သူ တဦးျဖစ္တဲ့ ဒု-လက္ေထာက္ ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရး၀န္ႀကီး စေကာ့
မာဆီယယ္ (Scot Marciel) ကေတာ့ အေမရိကန္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုက တုိက္႐ုိက္ထိေတြ႕မႈေတြနဲ႔

ဆက္ဆံေရးေတြ ေျပာင္းလဲသြားဖုိ႔ ရည္ရြယ္ထားေပမဲ့ အခုအထိေတာ့ ထင္သေလာက္
တုိးတက္မႈ မေတြ႕ရေသးဘူးလုိ႔ ဒီလဆန္းပုိင္းမွာတုန္းကပဲ ေျပာဆုိခဲ့တာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ပါတီေခါင္းေဆာင္ပိုင္း ျပန္လည္ဖြဲ႔စည္းရန္
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ေျပာ
WEDNESDAY, 16 DECEMBER 2009 18:32 ကိုေထြး
http://www.irrawaddy.org/bur/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2
288:2009-12-16-11-34-54&catid=1:news&Itemid=2
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က အမ်ိဳးသား ဒီမိုကေရစီ အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ (NLD) ဗဟို အလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္
ေကာ္မတီ (CEC) ကို ျပန္လည္ ဖြဲ႔စည္းရန္ အတြက္ ေျပာၾကားလုိက္ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
NLD ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား ျဖစ္သည့္ အသက္ ၉၂ ႏွစ္ရွိ ဥကၠ႒ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ၊ အသက္ ၈၆ ႏွစ္ရွိ

အတြင္းေရးမႉး ဦးလြင္၊ အသက္ ၈၈ ႏွစ္ရွိ အဖြဲ႔၀င္ ဦးလြန္းတင္တို႔ ႏွင့္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္တုိ႔
ယေန႔ ေတြ႔ဆုံစဥ္ ထုိသုိ႔
ေျပာၾကားလုိက္ျခင္း
ျဖစ္သည္။
ဇန္နဝါရီလ ၄ ရက္ေန႔က
ေတြ႔ရေသာ အမ်ဳိးသား
ဒီမုိကေရစီ အဖဲြ႔ခ်ဳပ္
ေခါင္းေဆာင္တခ်ဳိ႕ (ဓာတ္ပုံ -
AP)
ယခု ေဆြးေႏြးမႈသည္ ၁၉၈၈

ခုႏွစ္ စက္တင္ဘာတြင္
ဖြဲ႔စည္းခဲ့ေသာ NLDပါတီ
ေခါင္းေဆာင္ပိုင္းကို
ျပန္လည္ဖြဲ႔စည္းရန္ အတြက္ ပထမဆုံး အႀကိမ္ အျဖစ္ ေဆြးေႏြးျခင္းလည္း ျဖစ္သည္။
NLD ျပန္ၾကားေရး တာ၀န္ခံ ဦးခင္ေမာင္ေဆြက“CECကို ျပန္လည္ဖြဲ႔စည္းဖို႔ဆိုတာကို

ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ေျပာတယ္ ဆိုတာကို က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြကေန
သိရပါတယ္၊ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြကလည္း သေဘာတူတယ္လို႔ သိရတယ္” ဟု ေျပာသည္။
CECကို ျပန္လည္ ဖြဲ႔စည္းျခင္းသည္ လက္ရွိႏွင့္ အနာဂတ္ ပါတီ၏ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ား

ေဆာင္ရြက္ရာတြင္ ပိုမို ထိေရာက္ရန္အတြက္ NLDပါတီ၀င္မ်ား၏ ေတာင္းဆိုခ်က္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း
၎က ဆိုသည္။

ယေန႔ နံနက္ ၁၁နာရီမွ ၁၂ နာရီ အထိ ၁နာရီၾကာ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ႏွင့္ CEC ၃ ဦးတို႔သည္
စိမ္းလဲ႔ကန္သာ အစိုးရ ဧည့္ေဂဟာတြင္ ေတြ႔ဆုံၾကသည္ဟု NLD ေျပာခြင့္ရ ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္းက
ဆိုသည္။
“ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ရဲ႕ႏိုင္ငံေရး ရပ္တည္ခ်က္နဲ႔ ေဆာင္ရြက္ခ်က္ေတြကို CECက

အရင္ကလည္း ေထာက္ခံတယ္၊ အၿမဲတမ္း လည္း ေထာက္ခံသြားမယ္ လုပ္စရာရွိတာ လုပ္ပါလို႔
အားေပးစကား ေျပာခဲ့တယ္၊ အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ရဲ႕ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းေတြ အားလုံး ျပန္လည္ ဖြဲ႔စည္းဖို႔
လိုတယ္ဆိုတာ ေျပာတယ္၊ အေသးစိတ္ေတာ့ မသိဘူး” ဟု ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္းက ေျပာသည္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္သည္ NLD ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္မ်ားႏွင့္ အစိုးရဧည့္ေဂဟာတြင္ ၂၀၀၈

ခုႏွစ္ ဇန္န၀ါရီလက ေနာက္ဆုံး ေတြ႔ဆုံခဲ့သည္။
၂၁ ႏွစ္အတြင္း NLD ပါတီ အေနျဖင့္ စစ္အစိုးရ၏ ဖိႏွိပ္မႈေၾကာင့္ မ်ိဳးဆက္ျပတ္ေတာက္ရသည့္

ျပႆနာကို ႀကံဳေတြ႔ခဲ့ရၿပီး ယခုအခါတြင္ CEC အဖြဲ႔၀င္ ၁၁ ဦးအနက္ ၆ ဦးမွာ က်န္းမာေရး
ခၽြတ္ယြင္းလ်က္ရွိသည္။
ပါတီကို ျပန္လည္ ျပင္ဆင္ခြင့္ ရွိသည္ဟူေသာ ၁၉၈၉ ခုႏွစ္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ

ေကာ္မရွင္၏ထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္ ၂၄၅ အရ NLD ပါတီသည္ CECအဖြဲ႔ကို ျပန္လည္ ဖြဲ႔စည္းသည့္
ထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္တေစာင္ကို ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ က်င္းပေရး ေကာ္မတီႏွင့္ စစ္အစိုးရသို႔ ယခုႏွစ္
ႏို၀င္ဘာလ ၁၆ ရက္တြင္ ေပးပို႔ခဲ့သည္။
ယင္းအသစ္ ဖြဲ႔စည္းလိုက္ေသာ CEC အဖြဲ႔တြင္ ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္ စက္တင္ဘာလတြင္

အက်ဥ္းေထာင္မွ လြတ္ေျမာက္လာခဲ့ေသာ ဦး၀င္းတင္ႏွင့္ ဦးခင္ေမာင္ဆြတို႔ ပါ၀င္လာသည္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ႏွင့္ စစ္အစိုးရ ဆက္ဆံေရး၀န္ႀကီး ဦးေအာင္ၾကည္တို႔ ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၉

ရက္ေန႔က ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ရွိ အစိုးရ ဧည့္ေဂဟာတြင္ ၄၅ မိနစ္ၾကာ ေတြ႕ဆုံခဲ့ၿပီးေနာက္ပုိင္း
ယခုကဲ့သို႔ CEC ၃ဦး ႏွင့္ ေတြ႔ဆုံရန္ အာဏာပိုင္တို႔က စီစဥ္ ေပးျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က CEC ၃ ဦးကို ကန္ေတာ့ၿပီး သစ္သီး၊ ေဆးႏွင့္ အားျဖည့္

ေဖ်ာ္ရည္မ်ားကို လက္ေဆာင္ေပးေၾကာင္း ဦးလြင္က သတင္း ေထာက္မ်ားကို ဆိုသည္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္သည္ ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ ႏုိ၀င္ဘာ ၁၁ ရက္ေန႔ကလည္း ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီး

သန္းေ႐ႊႏွင့္ ေတြ႕ဆုံခြင့္ရရန္ ဒုတိယ စာတေစာင္ ေရးသားေပးပုိ႔၍ က်န္းမာေရး ခၽြတ္ယြင္း
ေနေသာ NLD ဗဟို အလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္ အဖြဲ႔၀င္ မ်ားျဖစ္သည့္ ယင္း CEC ၃ ဦးကုိ သြားေရာက္
ဂါရ၀ျပဳ ကန္ေတာ့ခြင့္ ေပးေရး ေတာင္းဆိုထားသည္။
ထုိ႔အျပင္ NLD ဒုဥကၠ႒ ဦးတင္ဦး အပါအ၀င္ ဗဟို အလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ားႏွင့္ ေတြ႔ဆုံခြင့္

ေပးေရး၊ စစ္အစိုးရႏွင့္ ပူးေပါင္း ေဆာင္ရြက္ခြင့္ရေရး၊ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီး သန္းေရႊႏွင့္ ေတြ႔ဆုံခြင့္

ျပဳေရး တို႔ကိုလည္း ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ေတာင္းဆိုထားသည္။
သုိ႔ေသာ္ ယင္းေတြ႔ဆုံခြင့္ႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ တစုံတရာ အေၾကာင္းျပန္ၾကားျခင္း မရွိေသးေၾကာင္း

သိရသည္။
ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ ႏို၀င္ဘာလအတြင္းက အေရွ႕အာရွႏွင့္ ပစိဖိတ္ေရးရာ လက္ေထာက္ ႏိုင္ငံျခား

ေရး၀န္ႀကီး မစၥတာ ကာ့တ္ ကမ္းဘဲလ္ ဦးေဆာင္သည့္ အေမရိကန္ ကိုယ္စားလွယ္ အဖြဲ႔
ခရီးစဥ္အတြင္း ယင္း အဖြဲ႔ႏွင့္ မေတြ႔ဆုံမီ ဦးတင္ဦးကုိ ခ်န္လွပ္၍ NLDဗဟို အလုပ္
အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲႏွင့္ ေတြ႔ဆုံရန္ အစိုးရက စီစဥ္ေပးျခင္းကို ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္း စုၾကည္က
ေက်နပ္မႈမရွိသျဖင့္ ျငင္းပယ္ခဲ့သည္။
အဖမ္းအဆီးၾကမ္း၍ ရန္ကုန္ လိုင္းကားမ်ား

အခက္ေတြ႔
WEDNESDAY, 16 DECEMBER 2009 16:45 ဟိန္းေဇာ္
ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕တြင္း ကားမွတ္တိုင္မ်ားတြင္ ယာဥ္ ၂ ထပ္ရပ္၍ ခရီးသည္ တင္ေဆာင္မႈ ျပဳလုပ္ေသာ

လိုင္းကားမ်ားကို သက္ဆိုင္ရာ အာဏာပိုင္မ်ားက အေရးယူမႈမ်ား ျပဳလုပ္ေနသည့္ အတြက္
ယာဥ္ေမာင္း သမားမ်ားႏွင့္ ယာဥ္ေနာက္လိုက္မ်ား အခက္အခဲ ႀကံဳေနၾကေၾကာင္း သတင္း
ရရွိသည္။
ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕လယ္မွ
ဘတ္စ္ကား မွတ္တုိင္တခု
(ဓာတ္ပုံ - RobK)
ေမာ္ေတာ္ယာဥ္ လိုင္းေပါင္းစံု
ထိန္းသိမ္းေရး ေကာ္မတီ
(မထသ) လက္ေအာက္ရွိ
ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕တြင္း
ေျပးဆြဲေနေသာ အဆိုပါ
ခရီးသည္တင္ ကားမ်ားကို
ရန္ကုန္တိုင္း ကုန္းလမ္း
ပို႔ေဆာင္ေရး ညႊန္ၾကားမႈ
ဦးစီးဌာန (ကညန) က ကားသိမ္းသည္ အထိ အေရးယူမႈမ်ား ျပဳလုပ္ေနျခင္း ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း
မထသမွ သိရသည္။
၂၀၀၉ ခုနစ္ ဒီဇင္ဘာလ အတြင္း မွတ္တိုင္မ်ားတြင္ ယာဥ္ႏွစ္ထပ္ရပ္ၿပီး ခရီးသည္

တင္ေဆာင္ေသာ ၃၉ (အထူး)၊ ၃၉ (႐ိုးရိုး)၊ ၅၆ (႐ိုးရိုး) ယာဥ္လိုင္းမ်ားရွိ ကား ၃ စီးကို
ခရီးသည္တင္ ေျပးဆြဲခြင့္ တပတ္ပိတ္ပင္သည့္ အျပင္ ကားမ်ားကိုပါ တပတ္သိမ္းဆည္း
လိုက္ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ယာဥ္ေမာင္းႏွင့္ ယာဥ္ေနာက္လိုက္မ်ား စားဝတ္ေနေရး အခက္
အခဲျဖစ္ေနၾကေၾကာင္း ၃၉ ယာဥ္လိုင္းမွ ယာဥ္ေမာင္းတဦးက ေျပာသည္။
“ဘယ္လိုမွ ရွင္းျပလိုမရဘူး၊ ေရွ႕ကားက မထြက္လို႔ မွတ္တိုင္မွာ ရပ္မရေသးလို႔ ခဏေမွးၿပီး

ကားတစီးေဘးကေန ဘီးလွိမ္႔ေနတုန္း စစ္ေဆးေရးအဖြဲ႔က ဓာတ္ပံု႐ိုက္ၿပီး သိပ္မၾကာဘူး ကားကို
႐ံုးခ်ဳပ္ကို ေမာင္းခိုင္းတယ္၊ ၿပီးေတာ့ ေျပာတယ္၊ စည္းကမ္းမဲ့ ယာဥ္ရပ္လို႔ ကားေရာ
ယာဥ္လိုက္ခြင့္ ေတြေရာ တပတ္သိမ္းလိုက္တယ္တဲ့၊ ကားသိမ္း ခံရတဲ့ ယာဥ္ေမာင္းေတြလဲ ဘာမွ
ေျဖရွင္းခြင့္ကို မေပးလိုက္ရတာ”ဟု ၃၉ အထူးယာဥ္လိုင္းမွ ေမာ္ေတာ္ယာဥ္ သိမ္းခံရေသာ
ယာဥ္ေမာင္းႏွင့္ နီးစပ္သူ တဦးကလည္း ေျပာသည္။
မွတ္တိုင္မ်ားတြင္ ယာဥ္ႏွစ္ထပ္ရပ္မႈ ပထမအႀကိမ္ က်ဴးလြန္ပါက တပတ္ (၇ ရက္)

ကားသိမ္းျခင္း၊ ဒုတိယ အႀကိမ္ ျဖစ္လွ်င္ ကားတလ သိမ္းျခင္းႏွင့္ တတိယ အႀကိမ္က်ဴးလြန္ပါက
ယင္းကားကို ႏိုင္ငံပိုင္အျဖစ္ အၿပီးသိမ္းဆည္းမည္ ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း မထသႏွင့္ ကညနမွ
ယခုႏွစ္အတြင္း ထုတ္ျပန္ ေၾကညာခဲ့ၿပီး ဒီဇင္ဘာလ အတြင္း၌ စတင္ အေကာင္
အထည္ေဖာ္ကာ ယခုကဲ့သို႔ လိုက္လံ အေရးယူ ေနေၾကာင္း ကညန တာဝန္ရွိသူတဦးက
ေျပာဆုိသည္။
ကားအသိမ္းခံရေသာ ယာဥ္ေနာက္လိုက္တဦးက “ကားကို မနက္က ဓာတ္ပံု႐ိုက္ၿပီး

ညေနလဲက်ေရာ သိမ္းဖို႔ ႐ံုးခ်ဳပ္ကို ေမာင္းသြားခိုင္းတာ၊ ဘာျဖစ္လို႔ ဘာျဖစ္မွန္း မသိလိုက္ဘူးဗ်ာ၊
တေန႔လုပ္ တေန႔စားေတြ ဆိုေတာ့ ကားကို တပတ္သိမ္းေတာ့ ဘာနဲ႔ စားရမလဲဗ်ာ၊
ကားပိုင္ရွင္ေတြ အေနနဲ႔ ကားသိမ္းခံရတာ ယာဥ္ေမာင္းေတြကို မၾကည္ခ်င္ဘူး”ဟု ေျပာသည္။
ယခုကဲ့သို႔ အေရးယူ ေဆာင္႐ြက္ ျခင္းမ်ားကို ဗႏၶဳလ သယ္ယူပို႔ေဆာင္ေရး ကုမၸဏီလီမိတက္မွ

ပါရမီယာဥ္လိုင္းႏွင့္ အဓိပတိ ယာဥ္လိုင္းမ်ားကိုမူ မျပဳလုပ္ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
“အခုလို အေရးယူမယ္ဆိုရင္ မွ်မွ်တတ အေရးယူသင့္တာေပါ့၊ ဘာလို႔လဲဆိုေတာ့

ပါရမီကားေတြၾကေတာ့ သူတို႔ မဖမ္းရဲဘူး၊ သူတို႔က ရပ္ခ်င္တဲ့ မွတ္တိုင္ရပ္တာ၊ အဲဒါၾကေတာ့
မဖမ္းရဲဘူးေလ၊ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းက ႀကီးတယ္ မဟုတ္လား”ဟု ခရီးသည္တင္ ယာဥ္ပိုင္ရွင္ တဦးက
ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕အတြင္း မထသ လက္ေအာက္တြင္ ယာဥ္လိုင္းေပါင္း ၁၀၀ ဝန္းက်င္ရွိသည္။

စစ္တပ္ပိုင္ စီးပြားေရး ဦးပိုင္ လီမိတက္ လက္ေအာက္ရွိ ဗႏၶဳလ သယ္ယူပို႔ေဆာင္ေရး
ကုမၸဏီလီမိတက္မွ ပါရမီႏွင့္ အဓိပတိ ယာဥ္လိုင္း မ်ားတြင္ ကားအစီးေရ ၃၀၀ နီးပါးျဖင့္
ေျပးဆြဲလ်က္ ရွိေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
ကညန အေနျဖင့္ ယခုကဲ့သို႔ အေရးယူျခင္းသည္ ယာဥ္ေမာင္းမ်ားကို ယာဥ္စည္းကမ္း လိုက္နာမႈ

ရွိေစရန္ႏွင့္ ယာဥ္တုိက္မႈမ်ား ေလ်ာ့နည္းေစရန္ အဓိက ေဆာင္ရြက္ ေနေသာ္လည္း

ထိုစီမံခ်က္သည္ ယာဥ္ေမာင္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ယာဥ္ေနာက္လိုက္မ်ား၏ စား၀တ္ ေနေရးကိုပါ
ထိခိုက္ေနေၾကာင္း ရန္ကုန္အေျခစိုက္ သတင္းဂ်ာနယ္ အယ္ဒီတာ တဦးက သံုးသပ္သည္။
“႐ံုးဆင္း ႐ံုးတက္ အခ်ိန္ဆို စစ္ေဆးေရးေတြ ဆင္းၿပီး လိုက္စစ္ေတာ့တာပဲ၊ အခုေတာင္ ဓာတ္ပံု

အ႐ိုက္ခံထားရတဲ့ ကားေတြ အစီး ၂၀ ေလာက္ ရွိေသးတယ္၊ ဒီလိုသာ လိုက္လုပ္ရင္အကုန္
ငတ္ကုန္လိမ့္မယ္၊ မရွိလို႔ မထသ ယာဥ္လုိင္းကို ေမာင္းစားရတာ၊ တခုခုဆို စစ္ေဆး ေမးျမန္းမႈ
မရွိဘူး၊ ယာဥ္ေမာင္းနဲ႔ ယာဥ္ေနာက္လိုက္ပဲ ၄၅ ရက္၊ တလ နားခိုင္းတာ၊ အခု ကားသိမ္းတဲ့အထိ
ျဖစ္လာျပန္ေရာ”ဟု ၃၅ ယာဥ္လိုင္းမွ ယာဥ္ေမာင္း တဦးက ေျပာသည္။
စီးပြားေရးႏွင့္ႏုိင္ငံေရး ခြဲျခားမရဟု စီးပြားေရး

ႏုိဗဲလ္ဆုရွင္ေျပာ
WEDNESDAY, 16 DECEMBER 2009 19:37 ရန္ပိုင္
စီးပြားေရး ႏုိဗဲလ္ဆုရွင္ ဂိ်ဳးဇက္ စတစ္ဂ္လစ္ဇ္ (Joseph Stigliz) က တုိင္းျပည္၏ သဘာ၀
အရင္းအျမစ္မ်ားကုိ စနစ္တက် အသုံးျပဳရန္ႏွင့္ စီးပြားေရးႏွင့္ ႏုိင္ငံေရးသည္ခြဲျခား မရႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း
ယမန္ေန႔က ေနျပည္ေတာ္တြင္ ျပဳလုပ္သည့္ စီးပြားေရးဆုိင္ရာ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ တြင္ စစ္အစုိးရအား
ေျပာဆုိလုိက္သည္။
စီးပြားေရး ႏုိဗဲလ္ဆုရွင္
မစၥတာ ဂ်ိဳးဇက္ စတစ္ဂ္လစ္ဇ္
(Joseph Stiglitz) (ဓာတ္ပုံ -
AP)
လက္ရွိ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံတြင္
ထြက္ရွိေနသည့္ ေရနံႏွင့္
သဘာ၀ ဓာတ္ေငြ႔မ်ား
ေရာင္းခ်မႈမွ ရရွိသည့္
ဘ႑ာေငြကုိ ေကာင္းမြန္စြာ
အသုံးခ် ႏုိင္ခဲ့လွ်င္
တုိင္းျပည္မွာ ေခတ္သစ္
တရပ္ ေပၚေပါက္လာမည္ ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း၊ အသုံး မခ်တတ္လွ်င္ တန္ဖုိးမျဖတ္ႏုိင္ေသာ
အခြင့္အလမ္း ေကာင္းမ်ား အလဟႆ ျဖစ္သြားမည္ ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း စီးပြားေရး ပညာရွင္
စတစ္ဂ္လစ္ဇ္က ေျပာသည္။
အဆုိပါ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲတြင္ ေက်းလက္ စီးပြားေရး တုိးတက္ေစရန္ အတြက္ လယ္ယာ က႑တြင္

သင့္တင့္သည့္ ေငြေၾကး ေထာက္ပံ့ျခင္း၊ မ်ိဳးေစ့ႏွင့္ ေျမၾသဇာမ်ား စသည့္ လယ္ယာ
သုံးပစၥည္းမ်ားကုိ တုိးျမွင့္ ေထာက္ပံ့ ေပးျခင္း၊ လူထု အတြက္ က်န္းမာေရးႏွင့္ ပညာေရး
က႑တြင္ ေငြေၾကး တုိးျမွင့္ သုံးစြဲျခင္း၊ေက်းလက္ ျပည္သူမ်ား၏ ၀င္ေငြႏွင့္ သုံးစြဲႏုိင္အား
တုိးတက္ေစရန္ အတြက္ အလုပ္အကုိင္ အခြင့္အလမ္းေကာင္းမ်ား ဖန္တီးေပးၿပီး
စီးပြားေရးအေျခခံ အေဆာက္အအုံေကာင္းမ်ားကုိ တည္ေဆာက္ေပးရန္တုိ႔ ကုိလည္း
တုိက္တြန္းေျပာဆုိခဲ့သည္။
ထုိ႔အျပင္ ႏိုင္ငံတကာတြင္ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ ၀င္ဆံ့ႏုိင္ေရး၊ တည္ၿငိမ္မႈႏွင့္ လုံၿခံဳမႈ

အမွန္တကယ္ရရွိေရးတုိ႔အတြက္ အလႊာအသီးသီး၏ ပူးေပါင္းေဆာင္ရြက္မႈမ်ား ရွိရမည္ ျဖစ္ၿပီး
ဤသုိ႔ ပူးေပါင္းလုပ္ေဆာင္သည့္ နည္းျဖင့္သာ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ တုိးတက္ႏုိင္မည္ဟု ၎ကဆုိ သည္။
ၾသစေၾတးလ်ႏုိင္ငံ မက္ကြိဳင္းယား တကၠသုိလ္မွ ျမန္မာ့စီးပြားေရးကုိ ေစာင့္ၾကည့္

ေလ့လာေနသည့္ စီးပြားေရးပညာရွင္ မစၥတာ ေရွာင္တာနဲ ( Sean
Turnell)ကလည္း“စစ္အစိုးရက အခုလက္ရွိ ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ ထြက္ေနတဲ့
ဂက္စ္ေရာင္းရေငြေတြကုိ အေႂကြး စနစ္ (Credit System ) သုံးၿပီးေတာ့ လယ္သမားေတြကုိ
ေထာက္ပံ့ျခင္းဟာ အေကာင္းဆုံးျဖစ္တယ္”ဟု ၎က ဧရာ၀တီကုိ ေျပာသည္။
ျမန္မာ လယ္သမားမ်ား တႏုိင္ငံလုံးအတုိင္းအတာျဖင့္ အဓိကႀကဳံေတြ႔ေနရသည့္ အခက္အခဲမွာ

စစ္အစုိးရ၏ စစ္တပ္ရိကၡာအတြက္ ေစ်းႏွိမ္၀ယ္ယူေနျခင္း၊သတ္မွတ္ထားသည့္
တာ၀န္ေက်စပါးေရာင္းခ်ေနရျခင္း၊ စစ္တပ္မွလယ္ယာေျမမ်ား ကုိအတင္းအဓမၼ သိမ္း
ယူေနျခင္း၊ပထ၀ီအေနအထားႏွင့္ မကုိက္ညီသည့္ သီးႏွံမ်ားကုိ စုိက္ပ်ိဳးခုိင္းျခင္း၊လယ္ယာသုံးကြ်ဲ
ႏြားမလုံ ေလာက္ျခင္း၊ စက္မႈ လယ္ယာျပဳလုပ္ရမည္ဟု ေႂကြးေၾကာ္ေနေသာ္လည္း
ေလာင္စာဆီမလုံေလာက္ျခင္း၊ေရႏွင့္ ဓာတ္ေျမၾသဇာ ဖူလုံစြာမရျခင္းမ်ားကုိ ရင္ဆုိင္ေနေၾကာင္း
ထုိင္းႏုိင္ငံ အေျခစုိက္ ျမန္မာစီးပြားေရးပညာရွင္ တဦးကလည္း ေျပာသည္။
“၂၀၀၄ ခုႏွစ္ေလာက္တုန္းကေတာ့ တပ္ရိကၡာ မ၀ယ္ေတာ့ဘူးလုိ႔ တရား၀င္ေျပာတယ္၊ ဒါေပမယ့္

အခုေတာ့ ျပန္ၿပီး၀ယ္ေနတယ္၊ ေ၀းလံတဲ့ ေနရာေတြမွာ ပုိဆုိးတယ္”ဟု ၎က ဆုိသည္
ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံတြင္ အဓိကလယ္ယာစုိက္ပ်ိဳးေရးကုိ ဧရာ၀တီတုိင္း၊ ပဲခူးတုိင္းႏွင့္

ရန္ကုန္တုိင္းတုိ႔တြင္စုိက္ပ်ိဳးၿပီး၊ ၂၀၀၈ခုႏွစ္ ေမလ တြင္ တုိက္ခတ္ခဲ့သည့္
နာဂစ္ဆုိင္ကလုန္းမုန္တုိင္းေၾကာင့္ လယ္ယာေျမအေျမာက္အမ်ားပ်က္စီးခဲ႔ရၿပီး
လယ္ယာထုတ္ကုန္ က႑ က်ဆင္းခဲ့သည္။
ယခုအခါ လယ္ယာစုိက္ပ်ိဳးေရး က႑တြင္ ကုမၸဏီႀကီးမ်ားကလည္း

၀င္ေရာက္လုပ္ကုိင္လာၾကေၾကာင္း၊ ယခင္ကစုိက္ပိ်ဳးေရး လုပ္ငန္းသည္
စီးပြားေရးပုံသ႑န္မေဆာင္ေၾကာင္း၊ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ယေန႔ေခတ္တြင္ စုိက္ပ်ိဳးေရးလုပ္ငန္းကုိ
စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္း တခု အေနျဖင့္ လုပ္ကုိင္သင့္ေၾကာင္း ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ရွိ စီးပြားေရးပညာရွင္
ခင္ေမာင္ညိဳ (ေဘာဂ)က ေျပာသည္။

“လယ္ယာလုပ္ငန္းက လယ္သမားေတြပဲ လုပ္ရမယ့္ လုပ္ငန္းေတာ့ မဟုတ္ေတာ့ဘူး၊
လယ္သမားေတြအေနနဲ႔ အရင္းအႏွီးမွာ မတတ္ႏုိင္ဘူး၊ စုိက္ပ်ိဳးနည္း အသစ္ေတြ၊ မ်ိဳးေစ့ေတြ
သူတုိ႔မသုံးနုိင္ၾကဘူး”ဟု ၎က ဆုိသည္
သုိ႔ေသာ္လည္း ေရွးယခင္က မိရုိးဖလာလယ္ယာ လုပ္ငန္းလုပ္ကုိင္ခဲ့သည့္ လယ္သမားမ်ားႏွင့္

လုပ္ငန္းရွင္မ်ား၊ ကုမၸဏီႀကီးမ်ား ၾကားတြင္ မည္မွ် အက်ိဳးျဖစ္ထြန္း၍ သဟဇာတ
မည္မွ်ရွိသည္ကုိ ၾကည့္ရန္လုိေၾကာင္း ခင္ေမာင္ညိဳ (ေဘာဂ) ကေျပာသည္။
သုိ႔ေသာ္ လယ္ယာစုိက္ပ်ိဳးေရးက႑တြင္ ၀င္ေရာက္လုပ္ကိုင္လာသည့္ ကုမၸဏီႀကီးမ်ားမွာ

ထူးကုမၸဏီ၊ ဧရာေရႊ၀ါကုမၸဏီႏွင့္ ဧရာဟသၤာကုမၸဏီ စသည့္ စစ္အစုိးရႏွင့္
နီးစပ္သည့္လုပ္ငန္းရွင္ႀကီးမ်ားျဖစ္သည္။
စီးပြားေရးႏုိဗဲလ္ဆုရွင္ ပါေမာကၡဂိ်ဳးဇက္ စတစ္ဂ္လစ္ဇ္ (Joseph Stigliz) ၏

အႀကံေပးခ်က္မ်ားမွာ ေကာင္းမြန္ေသာ္လည္း ကမၻာ့ ေငြေၾကး ရန္ပုံေငြအဖြဲ႔ (IMF)၊
အာရွဖြံ႕ၿဖိဳးေရးဘဏ္ (ADB) ႏွင့္ အျခားေသာ စီးပြားေရးပညာရွင္မ်ား၏ ယခင္က
အႀကံေပးခ်က္မ်ား ကုိပင္ ထပ္ေလာင္းအားျဖည့္ထားသည္ဟု ထင္ျမင္ေၾကာင္း၊ ယခု
စတစ္ဂ္လစ္ဇ္ ၏ အႀကံေပးခ်က္မ်ားကုိ အေကာင္ အထည္ေဖာ္မွ သာလွ်င္
ေအာင္ျမင္ေသာခရီးစဥ္အျဖစ္ယူဆႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း ခင္ေမာင္ညိဳ(ေဘာဂ) က သုံးသပ္သည္။
စီးပြားေရးပညာရွင္ ပါေမာကၡဂိ်ဳးဇက္ စတစ္ဂ္လစ္ဇ္သည္ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ၌ ေနထုိင္စဥ္အတြင္း

ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံအထက္ပုိင္းေဒသမ်ားသုိ႔ သြားေရာက္ၿပီး ေဒသခံျပည္သူမ်ားႏွင့္
ေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးမည္ျဖစ္ၿပီး ပုဂံ သုိ႔ သြားေရာက္မည္ဟု အာရွပစိဖိတ္ ေဒသဆုိင္ရာ စီးပြားေရး
ႏွင့္ လူမႈေရး ေကာ္မရွင္ (ESCAP) မွ ျပန္ၾကားေရးတာ၀န္ခံ Bentley Jenson ကေျပာသည္။
ေနျပည္ေတာ္တြင္ က်င္းပေသာ ထုိအစည္းအေ၀းကုိ စစ္အစုိး၏ လယ္ယာစုိက္ပ်ိဳးေရးႏွင့္

ဆည္ေျမာင္း၀န္ႀကီး ၀န္ႀကီးဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္ ေဌးဦး၊ အမွတ္(၂)စက္မႈ၀န္ႀကီးဌာန ဒုတိယ ၀န္ႀကီး
ဗုိလ္မႉးႀကီး ခင္ေမာင္ေက်ာ္၊ အမ်ိဳးသားစီမံကိန္းႏွင့္ စီးပြားေရးဖြံၿဖိဳးတုိးတက္မႈ ၀န္ႀကီး ဌာန
ဒုတိယ၀န္ႀကီး ဗုိလ္မႉးႀကီး သူရိန္ေဇာ္၊စြမ္းအင္၀န္ႀကီးဌာန ဒုတိယ ၀န္ႀကီး ဗုိလ္မႉးခ်ဳပ္ သန္းေဌး၊
ကုလသမဂၢ Under Secretary General ႏွင့္ အာရွ ႏွင့္ ESCAPအမႈေဆာင္အတြင္းေရမႉး ခ်ဳပ္
ေဒါက္တာႏုိလန္ေဟဇာ (Dr.Noelen Heyzer) ႏွင့္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံဆုိင္ရာ
ႏုိင္ငံျခားသံရုံးမ်ားမွ သံအမတ္ႀကီးႏွင့္ ကုလသမဂၢအဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ျပည္တြင္း ျပည္ပမွ
အစုိးရမဟုတ္သည့္ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ား တက္ေရာက္ေၾကာင္းသိရသည္။

ကရင္ႏွစ္သစ္ကူး အခမ္းအနား
ျပည္တြင္းျပည္ပတြင္ စည္ကားစြာက်င္းပ
WEDNESDAY, 16 DECEMBER 2009 19:13 ဇာနည္မာန္
ရိုးရာ အထည္ဆိုင္မ်ားႏွင့္ ေစ်းဆိုင္တန္းမ်ား အလြန္ရွိ ၂၇၄၉ ႏွစ္ျပည့္ ကရင္ႏွစ္သစ္ကူးေန႔
ဆိုေသာ မုခ္ဦးအ၀င္ ဆိုင္းဘုတ္ေအာက္တြင္ ကရင္အလံငယ္ ရင္ထိုးေလးမ်ားကို
တပ္ဆင္ေပးေနသည့္ ကရင္
အမ်ိဳးသမီးငယ္ေလးမ်ား
လက္မလည္ႏိုင္ေအာင္
ျဖစ္ေနၾကသည္။
ရန္ကုန္ အာလိန္ငါးဆင့္
ဘုရားပရဝဏ္အတြင္း
ကရင္ႏွစ္သစ္ကူးပြဲေတာ္
က်င္းပစဥ္
အလံတင္ အခမ္းနား
က်င္းပမည့္ ေနရာတြင္မူ
ထိုင္စရာ မဆိုထားႏွင့္၊
ေျခတေခ်ာင္း ခ်ရပ္ရန္ပင္
မလြယ္ကူႏိုင္ ေလာက္ေအာင္ လူမ်ား ျပည့္သိပ္ေနသည္။ ကရင္အမ်ိဳးသား သီခ်င္းကို သံျပိဳင္
သီဆိုရန္ ေၾကညာလိုက္ခ်ိန္တြင္မူ တိုးေ၀ွ႔ေနေသာ လူအုပ္ႀကီးမွာ ခ်က္ျခင္း ျငိမ္သက္သြားၿပီး
သီခ်င္းကို သံၿပိဳင္ သီဆိုလိုက္သည္။
ရန္ကုန္ အင္းစိန္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ရွိ မဟာေဆး၀ကၤဘာ၊ အာလိန္ငါးဆင့္ ဘုရားပုရ၀ဏ္တြင္ ကရင္

ႏွစ္သစ္ကူး အခမ္းအနား က်င္းပေနျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။
ႏွစ္စဥ္ ျပာသိုလဆန္း ၁ ရက္ေန႔တြင္ က်င္းပၿမဲျဖစ္ေသာ ႏွစ္သစ္ကူးပြဲေတာ္တြင္ ႐ိုးရာ

ယဥ္ေက်းမႈ ျပခန္းမ်ားလည္း ခင္းက်င္းထားရာ ကရင္တုိင္းရင္းသားမ်ား၏ သမိုင္း၊
၀တ္စားဆင္ယင္မႈမ်ား၊ ႐ိုးရာ တူရိယာမ်ား၊ အသံုးအေဆာင္မ်ား၊ အႏုပညာႏွင့္စာေပ
အားကစားတို႔တြင္ ထူးခၽြန္သူ မ်ား၏ ပံုမ်ားကိုေတြ႕ရသည္။
သို႔ေသာ္ ျပခန္းမ်ားမွာ စိစစ္ေရး ေကာ္မတီမွ စိစစ္ခြင့္ျပဳမႈ ရယူထားရသည္ျဖစ္၍ ကရင္အမ်ိဳးသား

အဓိက ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေစာဘဦးႀကီး၏ ပံုမ်ား၊ နယ္စပ္ေဒသမွ ႏြမ္းပါးသည့္
ကရင္တိုင္းရင္းသားမ်ား၏ အေၾကာင္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ကရင္သမိုင္းေၾကာင္း မ်ားကိုမူ

ၾကည့္ရႈေလ့လာခြင့္ မရၾကေပ။
ယခင္က ကရင္တိုင္းရင္းသား လူမ်ိဳးစုမ်ား၏ အေလ့အထႏွင့္ သမိုင္းေၾကာင္းမ်ားကို

ေရးသားထားေသာ စာအုပ္မ်ားကို ျပသ ေရာင္းခ်ျခင္းမ်ား ရွိေသာ္လည္း ယခုႏွစ္တြင္မူ အဆိုပါ
စာအုပ္မ်ားတြင္ လြတ္လပ္ေရး မရခင္ကာလ အေၾကာင္းအရာမ်ား မ်ားလြန္းသည္ဟု ဆိုကာ
စာေပစိစစ္ေရးက တခ်ိဳ႕အခ်က္အလက္မ်ားကို ျဖတ္ေတာက္ခုိင္းေသာေၾကာင့္ ပြဲေတာ္အမီ
စာအုပ္မ်ား ထြက္ရွိရန္ ခက္ခဲသည္ဟု ကရင္ စာေပအသိုင္းအ၀န္းက ဆိုသည္။
ရိုးရာဝတ္စံု ဆင္ယင္မႈ ၿပိဳင္ပြဲမ်ားတြင္လည္း ယခင္က ဆင္ယင္ေလ့ရွိသည့္ ႐ိုးရာ ယဥ္ေက်းမႈ

ဝတ္စံုမ်ားကို ယခုေနာက္ပိုင္း ဝတ္ဆင္ျခင္း မရွိေတာ့ ဟုလည္း ၿပိဳင္ပြဲက်င္းပေရး
ေကာ္မတီဝင္တဦးက ေျပာသည္။
“အခုေနာက္ပိုင္းက လူငယ္ေတြက ႐ိုးရာအထည္ေတြကို ဖက္ရွင္ထြင္၀တ္လာၾကတယ္။

အရင္ကလို ေရွးရိုးရာအထည္ေတြကို ၀တ္ၿပိဳင္ဖို႔ ဘယ္သူမွ စိတ္မ၀င္စားၾကေတာ့ဘူး။
လူႀကီးေတြက်ေတာ့လည္း မလုပ္ႏိုင္ၾကေတာ့ဘူး။ အဲဒီလိုပဲ ကရင္ရိုးရာ ထား ကဗ်ာေတြကို
လူငယ္ေတြ မရြတ္တတ္ေတာ့ ၿပိဳင္ပြဲေတြ မလုပ္ႏုိင္ေတာ့ဘူး၊ ေနာက္ပိုင္း
တိမ္ေကာသြားႏုိင္တယ္” ဟု သူက ဆိုသည္။
ကရင္ႏွစ္သစ္ကူးေန႔ နီးကပ္လာတိုင္း ယခုႏွစ္သည္ ပြဲေတာ္က်င္းပခြင့္ျပဳမည့္

ေနာက္ဆံုးႏွစ္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ ေနာင္လာမည့္ ႏွစ္မ်ားတြင္ က်င္းပခြင့္ရလိမ့္မည္မဟုတ္ဆိုေသာ
ေကာလာဟလမ်ားလည္း ႏွစ္စဥ္ထြက္ေပၚလာေလ့ရွိသည္။
ယခင္က ကရင္ႏွစ္သစ္ကူးပြဲေတာ္ကို ရန္ကုန္တျမိဳ႕လံုးတြင္ ကရင္ အမ်ားစု ေနထိုင္ရာ

အင္းစိန္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ အာလိန္ငါးဆင့္ ဘုရားပုရ၀ုဏ္ တေနရာတြင္သာ က်င္းပေလ့ရွိေသာ္လည္း
ေနာက္ပိုင္းတြင္မူ ပြဲေတာ္တက္ေရာက္သူ ဦးေရ တိုးပြားလာ ေသာေၾကာင့္ အလံုၿမိဳ႕နယ္ရွိ
ပိုးကရင္ ႏွစ္ျခင္းခရစ္ယာန္ ဘုရားေက်ာင္း၀င္းအတြင္း၊ ေျမာက္ဥကၠလာပ၊ ကရင္လူမ်ိဳး
အမ်ားစုေနထိုင္ရာ ရပ္ကြက္မ်ားရွိ ခရစ္ယာန္ ဘုရားရွိခိုးေက်ာင္းမ်ားတို႔တြင္ ေနရာမ်ားခြဲ၍
က်င္းပၾကသည္။
“ကရင္ႏွစ္သစ္ကူး ဆိုတာက ဘာသာေရး ဘာညာရယ္မရွိဘူး၊ လူမ်ိဳး တခုတည္းပဲေလ။

အဲ့ဒီေတာ့ ကိုယ္နီးစပ္ရာေနရာက အခမ္းအနားကို သြားလိုက္တာပါပဲ။ တခ်ိဳ႕က်ေတာ့ ခရစ္ယာန္
ဘုရားေက်ာင္းေတြမွာ လုပ္တာဆို ဗုဒၶဘာသာ၀င္ေတြက မသြားလိုတာ ရွိတာေပါ့ေနာ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္
ဒါက ဘာသာနဲ႔ မဆိုင္ဘူးေပါ့” ဟု အင္းစိန္ျမိဳ႕နယ္ေန ကရင္အမ်ိဳးသမီးတဦးက ေျပာသည္။
ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕တြင္ ကရင္ႏွစ္သစ္ကူး ပြဲေတာ္ က်င္းပသည့္နည္းတူ တျခားေသာ ေနရာေဒသ

အသီးသီးတြင္ ေရာက္ရွိေနသည့္ ကရင္တိုင္းရင္းသားတိုင္း ႏွစ္သစ္ကူးပဲြ အခမ္းအနားကို က်င္းပ
ျပဳလုပ္လ်က္ရွိသည္။

“ဒီလုိအခမ္းအနားမ်ိဳးဟာ ကရင္ရိုးရာေတြ မေပ်ာက္ပ်က္ေအာင္
ႀကီးႀကီးက်ယ္က်ယ္လုပ္တာပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္၊ သိပ္မႀကီးမက်ယ္ လုပ္တာပဲ ျဖစ္ျဖစ္ တတ္ႏိုင္သေလာက္
ႏွစ္စဥ္ လုပ္ရမယ္ဆုိတာ ကရင္လူမ်ိဳးေတြ အတြက္ သမိုင္းေပးတာ၀န္ပါ” ဟု ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံ
မဲေဆာက္ၿမိဳ႕ရွိ မယ္ေတာ္ေဆးခန္းမွ ႏွစ္သစ္ကူးပဲြေတာ္ ျဖစ္ေျမာက္ေရး ေကာ္မတီ၀င္
ေစာေနထူးက ဆိုသည္။
ဗုဒၶဘာသာႏွင့္ ခရစ္ယာန္မ်ားအျဖစ္ ေယဘုယ် ကြဲျပားခ့ဲသည့္ ကရင္လက္နက္ကိုင္

အဖြဲ႕အစည္းမ်ား ျဖစ္ၾကေသာ ကရင္အမ်ိဳးသား အစည္းအရံုး (KNU) ႏွင့္ တိုးတက္ေသာ
ဗုဒၶဘာသာ ကရင္အမ်ိဳးသားတပ္ဖြဲ႕ (DKBA) တို႔သည္လည္း ၎တို႔ နည္း၊ ၎တို႔ဟန္ျဖင့္
ကရင္ႏွစ္သစ္ကူး အခမ္းအနားမ်ား က်င္းပၾကသည္။ DKBA ၉၉၉ အထူးတပ္ရင္း ေရႊကုကၠိဳတြင္
ႏွစ္သစ္ကူးပြဲေတာ္ က်င္းပရာ၌ လူေပါင္း ၁၅၀၀၀ ခန္႔ တက္ေရာက္သည္ဟု သိရသည္။
ကရင္အမ်ိဳးသားအေရး ႀကိဳးပမ္းရာတြင္ ဖိႏွိပ္ကၽြန္ျပဳမႈ အေပါင္းမွ လြတ္ေျမာက္ႏုိင္ရန္၊

ႏိုင္ငံေရးအရ ႏိုးၾကားၿပီး ဘာသာ အယူဝါဒ မခြဲျခားရန္၊ တစိတ္တဝမ္းတည္း
စည္းလံုးညီညြတ္ၾကရန္၊ အမ်ိဳးသားရန္သူ မသမာသူမ်ား၏ လိမ္လည္မႈမ်ားကို မခံၾကေစရန္
အတြက္ အထူးသတိရွိရန္ လိုအပ္ေၾကာင္း ယခုႏွစ္ကရင္ႏွစ္သစ္ကူး မိန္႔ခြန္းအျဖစ္ KNU ဥကၠဌ
ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီး တာမလာေဘာက ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
ကရင္အမ်ိဳးသားေရး ႀကိဳးပမ္းရာတြင္ ဖိႏွိပ္ ကြ်န္ျပဳမႈအေပါင္းမွ လြတ္ေျမာက္ႏိုင္ရန္ ႏိုင္ငံေရး
အရ ႏိုးႀကားၿပီး KNU သည္ ၂၀၀၈ခုႏွစ္ စစ္အစိုးရက အတည္ျပဳခဲ့ေသာ
ဖဲြ႔စည္းပံုအေျခခံဥပေဒႏွင့္ မၾကာမီတြင္ ျပဳလုပ္မည့္ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြကို ဆန္႔က်င္ေသာ အဖဲြ႔
တဖဲြ႔ျဖစ္သည္၊ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ လာမည့္ ၂၀၁၀ ျပည့္ႏွစ္သည္ စစ္အစိုရ လက္ေအာက္တြင္
ေနထုိင္ၾကေသာ ကရင္တိုင္းရင္းသားမ်ားအတြက္ အလြန္စိုးရိမ္ဖြယ္ေကာင္း ေသာႏွစ္ ျဖစ္မည္ဟု
ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီး ေစာတာမလာေဘာ၏ ႏွစ္သစ္ကူးမိန္႔ခြန္းတြင္ ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။
KNU ႏွင့္ DKBA ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားက ယခုႏွစ္ ႏွစ္သစ္ကူးမတုိင္မီ အပစ္ခတ္ရပ္စဲေရး အတြက္

လွ်ိဳ႕၀ွက္ ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့ၾကသည္ဟု ၿပီးခဲ့သည္ စက္တင္ဘာလက ျပည္ပ မီဒီယာတခ်ိဳ႕တြင္
ေဖၚျပခဲ့သည္။
“DKBAနဲ႔ အပစ္ခတ္ရပ္စဲမႈနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး အခုေလာေလာဆယ္ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ဘာမွ

သေဘာတူညီထားျခင္း မရွိေသးပါဘူး။ ႏွစ္သစ္မွာ KNU အေနနဲ႔ကေတာ့ ထံုးစံအတိုင္း
ျပည္တြင္းစစ္ကလည္း မရပ္ေသးဘူး၊ ရည္မွန္းခ်က္ကလည္း မေပါက္ေျမာက္ ေသးဘူးဆုိေတာ့
ကုိယ့္အမ်ိဳးသားေရး ရပ္တည္ဖုိ႔အတြက္ ဒီလုိပဲ ခုခံကာကြယ္တဲ့ စစ္ကို ဆက္လက္ဆင္ႏႊဲရမယ္”
ဟု KNU ဗိုလ္မႉး ေစာလွေငြက ေျပာသည္။
ကရင္တိုင္းရင္းသားမ်ားသည္ ဘီစီ ၇၃၉ တြင္ ျမန္ႏိုင္ငံတြင္းသုိ႔ ပထမဦးဆံုးေရာက္ရွိလာေသာ

တုိုင္းရင္းသား လူမ်ိဳးစု ျဖစ္ၿပီး ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းလြတ္လပ္စြာ ေနထုိင္လုိသူမ်ား ျဖစ္သည္။
ဤသတင္းအား ဧရာဝတီသတင္းေထာက္ ဝါးရွီးေဖာ ပါဝင္ေရးသားသည္။

စာေရးဆရာ အီၾကာေကြး ကြယ္လြန္

WEDNESDAY, 16 DECEMBER 2009 18:58 ေအးလဲ့
နာမည္ေက်ာ္ ကဗ်ာ၊ သေရာ္စာႏွင့္ ဟာသ စာေရးဆရာ အီၾကာေကြးသည္ ယမန္ေန႔ ညေန ၆
နာရီခန္႔တြင္ ရန္ကုန္ေဆး႐ုံႀကီး၌ ကြယ္လြန္ ခဲ့ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။ ကြယ္လြန္ခ်ိန္တြင္ အသက္
၇၂ ႏွစ္ ျဖစ္သည္။
စာေရးဆရာ အီၾကာေကြး
ဆရာ အီၾကာေကြး၏ လူေနမႈ ဘဝတစိတ္တပိုင္းကို

စာေရးဆရာ မင္းလူက “ သူက ေလာဘမရွိဘူး၊ မာန္မာန
မရွိဘူး၊ လူငယ္ ေတြနဲ႔ ေရာေရာ၊ ေႏွာေႏွာ
ေပါင္းသင္းလို႔ရတယ္၊ ဘဝကို ေပ်ာ္ေပ်ာ္ပါးပါး၊
လြတ္လြတ္လပ္လပ္၊ ေပါ့ေပါ့ပါးပါး ျဖတ္သန္းသြားခ်င္ တယ္၊
သိပ္ေလးနက္တဲ့ အေၾကာင္းအရာေတြကို သူမလုပ္ခ်င္ဘူး” ဟု
ဧရာဝတီကိုေျပာသည္။
“ဆရာေကြးရဲ႕ သေရာ္စာေတြမွာ အၿငိဳးအေတးနဲ႔ ပုဂၢိဳလ္ေရး

ထိခိုက္တာမ်ိဳးမပါဘူး၊ သူ႔ရဲ႕ သေရာ္စာေတြက ႐ုိးသားတယ္၊ ထူးျခားတဲ့ အခ်က္က
တကယ္ေလးနက္ပါတယ္ဆိုတဲ့ ႏိုင္ငံေရး အေၾကာင္းအရာ၊ တျခား ေတြးေခၚပိုင္းဆိုင္ရာေတြ
အားလံုးကို သူအကုန္သိတယ္၊ ဒါေပမယ့္ သူကိုယ့္သူ ပညာတတ္ႀကီးလို မေနခဲ့ဘူး”ဟု ၎က
ဆရာမင္းလူက ဆက္လက္ၿပီး “ ဆရာေကြးကိုေျပာရင္ အမ်ားႀကီးဗ်၊ သႀကၤန္ေခတ္ေကာင္းခဲ့တဲ့

တေလ်ာက္လံုးမွာ သႀကၤန္သံခ်ပ္ ေတာ္ေတာ္ မ်ားမ်ား ေရးခဲ့တယ္၊ သႀကၤန္လွည့္ကားမွာလည္း
သူက လိုက္တယ္၊ သႀကၤန္ပိုးလည္းရွိတယ္”ဟု ေျပာသည္။
ဆရာ အီၾကာေကြးကို ၁၉၃၈ ခုႏွစ္ မတ္လ ၄ ရက္၊ တနလၤာေန႔တြင္ ဓႏုျဖဴၿမိဳ႕ မင္းပိုင္ရပ္၌ အဘ

ဦးေမာင္ႏွစ္ႏွင့္ အမိေဒၚညႊန္႔ေမ တို႔က ေဖြးဖြားခဲ့ေသာ တဦးတည္းေသာသားျဖစ္သည္။
အမည္ရင္းမွာ ဦးေက်ာ္ထြန္းျဖစ္ၿပီး မူလ ကဗ်ာ ကေလာင္ အမည္မွာ ဓႏုျဖဴ ေက်ာ္ထြန္းျဖစ္သည္။
၎သည္ သေရာ္စာ၊ ဟာသ ေရးရာမွ ဟာသ စာေရးဆရာ အီၾကာေကြးအျဖစ္

လူသိမ်ားလာသည္။ သက္တမ္းတေလွ်ာက္ စာေရးျခင္းျဖင့္ အသက္ေမြးဝမ္းေက်ာင္းျပဳခဲ့သည္။
သူသည္ စာေရးဆရာၾကယ္နီ၏ တျပည့္တဦးျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းသိရသည္။
ဓႏုျဖဴေက်ာ္ထြန္း အမည္ျဖင့္ ကဗ်ာပုဒ္ေရ ၁၂၀၀ ေက်ာ္၊ မဂၢဇင္း ဝထၳဳတို ၈၀ ေက်ာ္၊

မဂၢဇင္းဝထၳဳရွည္ ၃ ပုဒ္ႏွင့္ “ပီမိုနင္း၏ ဝထၳဳတို အတတ္ပညာ” စာေပဆိုင္ရာ
က်မ္းတေစာင္ကိုလည္း ေရးသားခဲ့သူျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ၂၀ ရာစု ျမန္မာစာေရး ဆရာမ်ားႏွင့္
စာစုစာရင္း စာအုပ္တြင္ ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။
ဆရာ အီၾကာေကြး၏ စာဖတ္ပရိသတ္တဦးျဖစ္သူ လူငယ္ ကဗ်ာဆရာ ဏီအဲဝိုင္ က

“ဆရာႀကီးရဲ႕ “တိုက္ပြဲေပ်ာ္” ဆိုတဲ့ ကဗ်ာဟာ က်ေနာ္တို႔ လူငယ္ေတြ အတြက္ အမ်ားႀကီး
စိတ္ဓာတ္ခြန္အား ျဖစ္ေစပါတယ္” ဟု ေျပာျပသည္။
“အႏွစ္တေထာင္ အီၾကာေကြးလို႔ သူ႔ကိုယ့္သူ ဆိုခဲ့ေပမယ့္လည္း အခုလို ႏွစ္တရာမျပည့္ခင္မွာ

ဆံုးပါးသြားတဲ့ အတြက္ ႏွေျမာမိ ပါတယ္၊ ဆရာႀကီးရဲ႕ ကဗ်ာေတြ၊ ဟာသ ဉာဏ္ရႊင္တဲ့
အေရးအသားေတြ ေရွ႕ဆက္ မေတြ႕ရေတာ့ဘူးဆိုေတာ့ စာေပ ေလာက အတြက္လည္း
ဆံုး႐ႈံးမႈႀကီးျဖစ္ပါတယ္”ဟုလည္း ဏီအဲဝိုင္ က ေျပာသည္။
ဆရာအီၾကာေကြးသည္ လမ္းညႊန္နည္းျပ သင့္ဘဝ မဂၢဇင္းတြင္ ကဗ်ာအယ္ဒီတာအျဖစ္

ႏွစ္ေပါင္းသံုးဆယ္ေက်ာ္ေဆာင္ရြက္ခဲ့ၿပီး လူငယ္ကဗ်ာရွင္ ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာကို စင္တင္ေပးခဲ့သည္။
ေသာၾကာစာေစာင္၏ အယ္ဒီတာခ်ဳပ္ အျဖစ္လည္း ေဆာင္ရြက္ခဲ့သည္။
ဓႏုျဖဴ အစိုးရအထက္တန္းေက်ာင္းတြင္ တကၠသိုလ္ဝင္တန္းအထိ ပညာသင္ၾကားခဲ့သည္။ ၁၉၅၄

ခုႏွစ္၊ ဇန္နဝါရီလ ၉ ရက္ေန႔ ထုတ္ ဟံသာဝတီသတင္းစာ မဂၢဇင္းတြင္ “ခ်စ္တိုင္းျပည္” ကဗ်ာျဖင့္
စာေပေလာကထဲသို႔ ဝင္ေရာက္လာခဲ့သည္။
၁၉၅၅ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ဓႏုျဖဴစာေပ ဝါသနာရွင္မ်ားအသင္းကို ဖြဲ႕စည္းကာ စာေပတာဝန္မွဴး

တာဝန္ယူခဲ့ၿပီး ၁၉၅၈ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ၎စာေပ အသင္းကို တိုးခ်ဲ႕ကာ ဥကၠ႒
တာဝန္အျဖစ္ေဆာင္ရြက္ခဲ့သည္။ အသင္းစာၾကည့္တိုက္ႏွင့္ စာဆိုေတာ္ေန႔
စာေပေဟာေျပာပြဲမ်ားကို ဓႏုျဖဴတြင္ ၁၉၆၃ ခုႏွစ္အထိ ျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့ေၾကာင္းသိရသည္။
၁၉၅၇ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ အီၾကာေကြးအမည္ျဖင့္ သေရာ္စာ၊ဟာသ မ်ားေရးသားခဲ့ၿပီးသည့္ေနာက္ပိုင္း

ဟာသ စာေရးဆရာ အီၾကာေကြး အျဖင့္ ႏိုင္ငံေက်ာ္ခဲ့သည္။ သူ၏ လံုးခ်င္း ၂၇ အုပ္ေရးသား၊
ထုတ္ေဝခဲ့ၿပီး ဟာသမဟုတ္ေသာ “မ်က္စိေအာက္က ဇရာ” ႏွင့္ “ငုတ္တုတ္ထင္ရွားေရးေဖာ္မ်ား”
စသည့္ စာအုပ္မ်ားမွာ ထင္ရွားသည္။ အီၾကာေကြး အမည္ျဖင့္ ေရးခဲ့ေသာ“ေနာင္တခါ ေမးရင္
ေျဖလုိက္မယ္” ဝတၴဳတိုကို ႐ုရွဘာသာသို႔ ျပန္ဆုိျခင္း ခံခဲ့ရသည္။
ေရႊမန္းသဘင္တြင္ ေရွ႕ပိုင္းျပဇာတ္ ဒါ႐ုိက္တာအျဖစ္ “ ပုတီး တစ္လံုး ေဂ်ာက္ခနဲ”၊

“မ်က္လံုးမ်ားပင္ျမင္ပါၿပီ”ႏွင့္“အဆိပ္ေတာမွ ျပန္ခဲ့ပါ” အမည္ရွိ
ေရွ႕ပိုင္းျပဇာတ္မ်ားကိုလည္းေရးသားခဲ့သည္။
လက္ရွိ ဆရာ အီၾကာေကြး၏ နာေရးႏွင့္ပတ္သက္ၿပီး နာေရးကူညီမႈအသင္း က

တာဝန္ယူထားသည္။သူ၏ ၾကြင္းက်န္ရစ္ေသာ ႐ုပ္ကလာပ္ကို လာမည့္ ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၁၇ ရက္ေန႔
ၾကာသပေတးေန႔ ေန႔လယ္ပိုင္းတြင္ ရန္ကုန္ေဆး႐ံုးႀကီး ေရခဲတိုက္မွ တဆင့္ ေရေဝး သုသာန္သို႔

သယ္ေဆာင္ကာ မီးသၿဂႋဳဟ္မည္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း နာေရးကူညီမႈအသင္းမွ ဦးေက်ာ္သူက ေျပာသည္။
ဆရာ အီၾကာေကြး မကြယ္လြန္မီက ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ ေတာင္ဥကၠလာပၿမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ၁၂ ရပ္ကြက္၊

မဂၤလာလမ္းရွိ သူ၏ေနအိမ္တြင္ ေဆြမ်ိဳးမရွိ၊ တျပည့္ တခ်ိဳ႕ႏွင့္ ေနထိုင္ခဲ့သည္။ ယင္းေနအိမ္ကို
မကြယ္လြန္မီကတည္းက လွဴဒါန္းခဲ့ၿပီးျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းသိရသည္။ကြယ္လြန္ခ်ိန္အထိ လူပ်ိဳဘဝျဖင့္
ေနထိုင္ခဲ့သည္။
ညီညီေအာင္ လြတ္ေျမာက္ေရး
လႊတ္ေတာ္အမတ္ ေတာင္းဆုိ
WEDNESDAY, 16 DECEMBER 2009 18:44 ဧရာဝတီ
အေမရိကန္ အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္ အမတ္တဦးက အင္းစိန္ေထာင္မွ ကုိညီညီေအာင္
လြတ္ေျမာက္ေရး အတြက္ ၾကားဝင္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ေပးရန္ ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရး ဝန္ႀကီး ဟီလာရီ
ကလင္တန္ကုိ တုိက္တြန္းလုိက္သည္။
ကုိညီညီေအာင္ လြတ္ေျမာက္ေရး
တာင္းဆုိသည့္ အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္အမတ္
Barbara A. Mikulski
ဒီမုိကေရစီ အေရး လႈပ္ရွားသူ ကုိညီညီေအာင္

ေခၚ ကုိေက်ာ္ေဇာလြင္သည္ အေမရိကန္
ႏုိင္ငံသားအျဖစ္ ခံယူထားသူတဦး ျဖစ္သည္။
“ျပည္ပတြင္ အထိန္းသိမ္း ခံေနရသည့္

အေမရိကန္ ႏုိင္ငံသားတုိင္း၏ က်န္းမာေရး၊ လုံၿခဳံေရး၊ မွ်တစြာ ဆက္ဆံမႈ ရရိွေရးတုိ႔အတြက္
အေမရိကန္ ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရး ဝန္ႀကီးဌာနက ေဆာင္ရြက္ရမည္ ျဖစ္သည္" ဟု အထက္ လႊတ္ေတာ္
အမတ္ Barbara A. Mikulski က ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရး ဝန္ႀကီးသုိ႔ မၾကာေသးမီက ေပးပုိ႔သည့္စာတြင္
ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။
ညီညီေအာင္အေပၚ စစ္အစုိးရ၏ အျပဳအမူမ်ားကုိ စုိးရိမ္မိသည္ဟု ေမရီလန္းျပည္နယ္

အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္အမတ္ Mikulski ၏ စာတြင္ ေရးထားသည္။ “သူ၏ ေရွ႕ေနႏွင့္
အဆက္အသြယ္ ရစဥ္က ကုိညီညီေအာင္သည္ စစ္ေၾကာေရး ကာလအတြင္း
ႏွိပ္စက္ခံခ့ဲရေၾကာင္း ထုတ္ေဖာ္ ေျပာျပခ့ဲသည္” ဟု ဆုိသည္။
ကုိညီညီေအာင္အား ထိန္းသိမ္းထားသျဖင့္ အျပင္းထန္ဆုံးေသာ အသုံးအႏႈန္းမ်ား အသုံးျပဳၿပီး

ကန္႔ကြက္ရန္၊ ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရး ဝန္ႀကီးဌာနက သူ၏ လြတ္ေျမာက္ေရးအတြက္ အစြမ္းကုန္
လုပ္ေဆာင္ရန္ စာတြင္ တုိက္တြန္းထားသည္။

ကုိညီညီေအာင္သည္ စက္တင္ဘာလက ရန္ကုန္ေလဆိပ္တြင္ ထိန္းသိမ္းခံခ့ဲျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။
ယခုအခါ အာဏာပုိင္တုိ႔က သူ႔ကုိ လိမ္လည္မႈ၊ စာရြက္ စာတမ္း အတု ျပဳလုပ္မႈ၊ ႏိုင္ငံျခားေငြ
တရားမ၀င္ လက္၀ယ္ထားရွိမႈ တုိ႔ျဖင့္ တရားစဲြဆုိထားသည္။ စတင္ ဖမ္းဆီးစဥ္ကမူ ရန္ကုန္မွ
ဗုံးေပါက္ကဲြမႈမ်ားႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္သူအျဖစ္ အာဏာပုိင္တုိ႔က ေၾကညာခဲ့သည္။
ဤအေတာအတြင္း အေမရိကန္ ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရး ဝန္ႀကီးဌာနက ကုိညီညီေအာင္

ထိန္းသိမ္းခံေနရမႈႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး စုိးရိမ္ပူပန္ေၾကာင္း ေျပာၾကားလုိက္သည္။
“သူ႔ဆီကုိ (ရန္ကုန္) ေကာင္စစ္ဝန္ရုံးက သြားေရာက္ခြင့္ ရဖုိ႔အတြက္ အေလးထား

ေဆာင္ရြက္ေနပါတယ္။ ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၃ ရက္ေန႔တုန္းကေတာ့ သူ႔ဆီကုိ ေကာင္စစ္ဝန္ရုံးက
သြားေတြ႔ၿပီးပါၿပီ” ဟု ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရး ဝန္ႀကီးဌာန ေျပာခြင့္ရ ပုဂၢဳိလ္ Ian Kelly က ေျပာသည္။
“ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၁၁ ရက္ေန႔မွာ တရားရုံး ရုံးခ်ိန္း ရိွေပမယ့္ သူ႔က်န္းမာေရးေၾကာင့္

ရက္ေရႊ႕လုိက္ရတယ္လုိ႔ ျမန္မာအာဏာပုိင္ေတြက ေျပာပါတယ္” ဟု သူက ရွင္းျပသည္။
ၿပီးခ့ဲသည့္အပတ္ကလည္း အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္အမတ္ တဦးျဖစ္သူ Jim Webb က

အင္းစိန္ေထာင္ရိွ ကုိညီညီေအာင္၏ အေျခအေနႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး စုိးရိမ္မိေၾကာင္း ထုတ္ျပန္
ေၾကညာခဲ့သည္။ ဥပေဒအရ ျပဌာန္းထားသည့္ ရပုိင္ခြင့္မ်ားကုိ ကုိေက်ာ္ေဇာ္လြင္
ရရိွေရးအတြက္ ေတာင္းဆုိေၾကာင္းလည္း အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္အမတ္ Jim Webb က
ေျပာၾကားလုိက္သည္။
အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားႏွင့္
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ ယေန႔ ေတြ႔ဆုံ
WEDNESDAY, 16 DECEMBER 2009 12:16 ကိုေထြး
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ႏွင့္ အမ်ိဳးသား ဒီမိုကေရစီ အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ (NLD) ဗဟို အလုပ္ အမႈေဆာင္
ေကာ္မတီ (CEC) အဖြဲ႔၀င္ ၃ ဦးတို႔ ယေန႔ ေန႔လယ္ပိုင္းတြင္ ေတြ႔ဆုံေၾကာင္း NLD ကေျပာသည္။
NLD ဗဟို အလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္ ေကာ္မတီ၀င္မ်ား ျဖစ္သည့္ အသက္ ၉၂ ႏွစ္ရွိ ဥကၠ႒ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ

အပါအ၀င္ အသက္ ၈၆ ႏွစ္ရွိ အတြင္းေရးမႉး ဦးလြင္၊ အသက္ ၈၈ ႏွစ္ရွိ အဖြဲ႔၀င္
ဦးလြန္းတင္တို႔ကို ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ေတြ႔ဆုံျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။

ယေန႔ နံနက္ ၁၁နာရီမွ ၁၂ နာရီ အထိ
၁နာရီၾကာ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ႏွင့္
ယင္းCEC ၃ ဦးတို႔သည္ စိမ္းလဲ႔ကန္သာ အစိုးရ
ဧည့္ေဂဟာတြင္ ေတြ႔ဆုံၾကသည္ဟု NLD
ေျပာခြင့္ရ ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္းက ဧရာ၀တီသုိ႔
ေျပာသည္။
“၁ နာရီၾကာ ေတြ႔ရတယ္လို႔ သိရတယ္၊

အေသးစိတ္ကိုေတာ့ မသိရေသးဘူး”ဟု
ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္းက ဆိုသည္။
ရဲခ်ဳပ္ ဗိုလ္မႉးခ်ဳပ္ခင္ရီက ယင္းေတြ႔ဆုံမႈႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္အပါအ၀င္

ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ၊ ဦးလြင္၊ ဦးလြန္းတင္ တို႔၏ သေဘာထားမ်ားကို ၿပီးခဲ့ေသာ ရက္ပိုင္းက
သြားေရာက္ေမးျမန္းခဲ့သည္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ႏွင့္ စစ္အစိုးရ ဆက္ဆံေရး၀န္ႀကီး ဦးေအာင္ၾကည္တို႔ ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၉

ရက္ေန႔က ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ရွိ အစိုးရ ဧည့္ေဂဟာတြင္ ၄၅ မိနစ္ၾကာ ေတြ႕ဆုံခဲ့ၿပီးေနာက္ပုိင္း
ယခုကဲ့သို႔ CEC ၃ဦး ႏွင့္ ေတြ႔ဆုံရန္ အာဏာပိုင္တို႔က စီစဥ္ ေနျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္သည္ ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ ႏုိ၀င္ဘာ ၁၁ ရက္ေန႔ကလည္း ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီး

သန္းေ႐ႊႏွင့္ ေတြ႕ဆုံခြင့္ရရန္ ဒုတိယ စာတေစာင္ ေရးသားေပးပုိ႔၍ က်န္းမာေရး ခၽြတ္ယြင္း
ေနေသာ NLD ဗဟို အလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္ အဖြဲ႔၀င္ မ်ားျဖစ္သည့္ ယင္း CEC ၃ ဦးကုိ သြားေရာက္
ဂါရ၀ျပဳ ကန္ေတာ့ခြင့္ ေပးေရး ေတာင္းဆိုထားသည္။
ထုိ႔အျပင္ NLD ဒုဥကၠ႒ ဦးတင္ဦး အပါအ၀င္ ဗဟို အလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ားႏွင့္ ေတြ႔ဆုံခြင့္

ေပးေရး၊ စစ္အစိုးရႏွင့္ ပူးေပါင္း ေဆာင္ရြက္ခြင့္ရေရး၊ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီး သန္းေရႊႏွင့္ ေတြ႔ဆုံခြင့္
ျပဳေရး တို႔ကိုလည္း ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ေတာင္းဆိုထားသည္။
သုိ႔ေသာ္ ယင္းေတြ႔ဆုံခြင့္ႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ တစုံတရာ အေၾကာင္းျပန္ၾကားျခင္း မရွိေသးေၾကာင္း

ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ ႏို၀င္ဘာလအတြင္းက အေရွ႕အာရွႏွင့္ ပစိဖိတ္ေရးရာ လက္ေထာက္ ႏိုင္ငံျခား

ေရး၀န္ႀကီး မစၥတာ ကာ့တ္ ကမ္းဘဲလ္ ဦးေဆာင္သည့္ အေမရိကန္ ကိုယ္စားလွယ္ အဖြဲ႔
ခရီးစဥ္အတြင္း ယင္း အဖြဲ႔ႏွင့္ မေတြ႔ဆုံမီ ဦးတင္ဦးကုိ ခ်န္လွပ္၍ NLDဗဟို အလုပ္
အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲႏွင့္ ေတြ႔ဆုံရန္ အစိုးရက စီစဥ္ေပးျခင္းကို ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္း စုၾကည္က
ေက်နပ္မႈမရွိသျဖင့္ ျငင္းပယ္ခဲ့သည္။

Will 2749 Be a Happy New Year

for the Karen?
By SAW YAN NAING Wednesday, December 16, 2009
http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=17414
Karen people across the world have been busy sending each other “Happy New
Year” text messages on their mobile phones on Dec. 16, the day when the Karen
celebrate their 2749th year. Yet many Karen wonder how much happiness the new
year will bring.
Having been in Burma for more than two millennia, ethnic Karen people can
reasonably claim the right of self-determination, yet hundreds of thousands of
Karen people live in fear in their home Karen State, more than 90,000 live in
refugee camps in Thailand, and at least 50,000 thousand have relocated to 11
Western countries due to the continued oppression by the Burmese central
government.
Instead of peace, the
new year promises
more fighting in Karen
State. When the
Democratic Karen
Buddhist Army
(DKBA), a Karen
breakaway armed
group, becomes a
Entrance to the Karen New Year Celebration in
Rangoon, Wednesday, Dec. 16, 2009 border guard force in
2010, it is thought they
will attack the Karen National Union (KNU).

Meanwhile, as they celebrate their new year, both DKBA and KNU leaders speak of
unity and living peacefully.
Speaking to The Irrawaddy on Wednesday from Shwe Koko, the headquarters of
the DKBA's special battalion 999, a DKBA source who attended the event said
DKBA leaders urged more than ten thousand Karen people who attended the
2749th Karen New Year ceremony to live in peace, even though they have different
religions, traditional practices and even languages.
“Karen people need to be united in order to be free from oppression. Practically, it
is very difficult to establish unity, but we have to try,” he said.
Zipporah Sein, general secretary of the KNU, from which the DKBA broke away,
also called for unity among Karen people and for cooperation in fighting for Karen
rights.
“The Karen new year passes year by year, but our people still struggle. Karen people
have been suppressed for decades, living without freedom and rights until this day.”
“We must continue our struggle. We have to stand firmly together and fight against
the Burmese regime who rule the country by force,” she said, adding that the
coming year will bring more internally displaced persons and an influx of refugees
on the Thai-Burmese border.
Many observers predict that the DKBA will attempt to overrun KNU military bases
along the Thai-Burmese border in Karen State when they become a border guard
force in 2010.
Since the DKBA split from its mother organization in late 1994, the KNU have been
losing more and more of their former military bases, including their former
stronghold and headquarters at Manerplaw, as DKBA troops joined Burmese junta
troops and lead them in attacking their kin.

In June 2009, the headquarters of the KNU's brigade 7 was seized by the DKBA,
and more than 4,000 Karen refugees fled into Thailand. Dozens of KNU and DKBA
soldiers were injured and died in fighting that pitted Karen against Karen.
Despite DKBA calls for peace among the Karen, Maj Hla Ngwe, joint secretary 1 of
the KNU said a ceasefire between the DKBA and KNU is unlikely because the DKBA
are sure to attack the remaining KNU military bases when they become a border
guard force under the command of the Burmese regime army.
The KNU will fight back in self-defense, said Hla Ngwe.
In a statement released on Wednesday, Gen Tamla Baw, chairman of the KNU,
said: “2010 is a risky year for the Karen people because the Burmese regime—a
government that doesn't want to recognize the fundamental rights of ethnic
peoples—is trying to complete its plan to legitimize its Constitution by eliminating
the ethnic minority groups.”
For most Karen, the new year can only bring foreboding. They feel only sadness as
Karen prepares to fight Karen, rending their unity, bringing Burman domination to
their homeland.
Speaking of the fighting between the DKBA and the KNU, a Karen university
student in Chiang Mai in Thailand said: “It is like brothers and sisters killing each
other in a family. We have only ourselves to blame if we cannot be united.”
“It is natural that there are disagreements in a family,” she said, “yet we must
compromise and settle problems peacefully without going to extremes.
“What I want the most is a cease-fire between the DKBA and KNU. This is my
Karen new year wish,” she said.

KNU Offers Logging Contracts in

Brigade 6
By LAWI WENG Wednesday, December 16, 2009
The Karen National Union (KNU) has permitted logging companies to cut down
more than 1,000 tons of timber from the two main hardwood forest reserves in
Kawkareik District since the beginning of December, according to local
businessmen at the Thai-Burmese border.
A local businessman in Three Pagodas Pass told The Irrawaddy on Wednesday that
about 13 businessmen in the town were permitted unlimited logging across the
border in southern Karen State by paying tax in advance to the KNU.
“We can log as much timber as we want if we pay a tax advance to the KNU,” he
said. “They are demanding 1,300 baht [US $40] for one ton of timber,” he said.
A source close to the KNU, however, said the KNU was charging about 4,000 baht
[$120] per ton in tax.
Sources say that logging companies also have to pay a similar tax to several other
armed groups, such as the Democratic Karen Buddhist army (DKBA), the Karen
Peace Force, the New Mon State Party (NMSP) and the Burmese government
forces, all of which have checkpoints in the area.
One ton of ironwood in Three Pagodas Pass is currently wholesaling at 33,000 baht
[$1,000], which allows investors profits of about 35 percent after all expenditures,
said the sources.
A KNU military official from the KNU's Brigade 6 told The Irrawaddy on
Wednesday that the local Karen commander has allowed logging in the area
recently and added that he believed Thai companies were involved.

According to KNU Forestry Department data, the KNU has preserved two main
forests in Kawkareik District―Mae Kathr and Kyunchaung. Mae Kathr forest covers
some 50,000 acres while Kyunchaung covers 20,000 acres. Both forests are rich in
virgin hardwoods, including teak and ironwood.
“All those woods are good quality because they last for a long time,” said a furniture
retailer in Three Pagodas Pass. “We can manufacture high-quality furniture to sell
in Thailand.”
The Mae Kathr forest had been undisturbed for more than 60 years. It lies in a
KNU-controlled area, Brigade 6, about nine kilometers [5.5 miles] from the
Burmese border town of Three Pagodas Pass.
Business sources in the town said they expect the timber business in Three Pagodas
Pass will grow rapidly now that the KNU has allowed logging in the forests.
Speaking to The Irrawaddy on Wednesday, another businessman who recently
invested about 4 million baht [$120,000] into a logging business in Three Pagodas
Pass said, “I have dreamt of doing this for a long time. Today my dream came true.”
Previously, while the border crossing was closed, timber companies such as
Thailand's Sia Hook company had to bribe Burmese border guards in order to
transport logs into Thailand. The businessmen said profits were lower before,
because border guards demanded 30,000 baht [$900] per truck and each truck
would normally be carrying about 12 tons of timber.
Snr-Gen Than Shwe's business crony Tay Za was one of the first to become
involved, according to a member of the NMSP. Over the past year, the KNU has
permitted Tay Za's logging company to extract about 2,000 tons of hardwood from
the Mae Kathr forest, he said.
Revenue from logging contracts is reportedly the KNU's major source of income,
from which it subsidizes its war against the Burmese army by purchasing arms.
The local businessmen in Three Pagodas Pass said that the KNU had permitted
logging recently because they are worried about losing Brigade 6 to a joint military
force of the Burmese government troops and the DKBA when they launch a dry
season offensive.
The sources said this might have forced the KNU’s hand into accepting the quick
cash from logging contracts.
The KNU, one of the oldest surviving rebel groups in Southeast Asia, has been
fighting for autonomy since 1949.
Suu Kyi Calls for 'Reorganization' of

Aging NLD Leadership
By WAI MOE Wednesday, December 16, 2009
Detained Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi called on Wednesday for a
reorganization of the aging central executive committee (CEC) of her National
League for Democracy (NLD).
She made the call at a meeting with three elderly and ailing NLD leaders at a
government guesthouse in Rangoon.
Youthful members of the National League for

Democracy gather outside the party
headquarters for 21st anniversary celebrations
on Sept. 27. (PHOTO: AP) It's the first time since
the NLD was formed in
Sept. 1988 that Suu Kyi has called for a reform of the party.
“We heard from our senior members that Daw Aung San Suu Kyi told them she
wanted to reorganize the central executive committee of the NLD,” NLD
Spokesman Khin Maung Swe told The Irrawaddy on Wednesday. “In reply, the
senior leaders told her that they definitely agreed on the party's reorganization.”
Since the formation of the NLD, the party's generation gap has steadily grown,
adding to the difficulties it faces because of the regime's efforts to suppress its
activities.
Apart from Suu Kyi, who is 64, and Khin Maung Swe, 67, other central executive
committee members are in their 80s and 90s. Six of 11 committee members are not
well, according to NLD sources.
The sources said Suu Kyi met NLD Chairman Aung Shwe, 91, Secretary U Lwin, 86,
and Lun Tin, 88, for about 45 minutes.
Spokesman Khin Maung Swe said the issue of a reorganization of the party
leadership had been raised by members wanting to energize the NLD.
“The reorganization is necessary for us today,” Khin Maung Swe said.
Suu Kyi asked for a meeting with Aung Shwe, U Lwin and Lun Tin in a letter to
junta leader Snr-Gen Than Shwe on November 11. She told Than Shwe she wanted
to pay her respects to the ailing trio.
Suu Kyi also said she wanted to hold a separate meeting at her home with other
NLD leaders—including detained Vice Chairman Tin Oo and central committee
members Win Tin, Khin Maung Swe, Than Tun, Soe Myint, Hla Pe and Nyunt Wai.

“To make the NLD’s activities more active and effective, I would like to invite and
hold a meeting with all CEC members at my house,” she said in her letter to Than
Shwe. She also asked for a meeting with Than Shwe himself, saying it would be in
the interests of Burma.
The NLD wrote on Nov. 16 to the junta and the election commission saying that,
under the terms of statement No. 245 of the Burma Election Commission in 1989,
the NLD has the authority to reorganize the party.
Khin Maung Swe said senior NLD leaders would first of all have to nominate
successors, followed by a nationwide party conference and a vote. However, he
added: “At the moment, there are many difficulties in holding a nationwide
meeting.”
In its Nov. 16 letter, the NLD nominated, along with other CEC members, two —
Win Tin and Khin Maung Swe—who were released from prison in Sept. 2008.
After Wednesday's meeting, U Lwin told reporters that Suu Kyi had paid respects to
him and the other two leaders in the traditional Buddhist manner, kneeling and
offering them baskets of gifts.
Well-known Burmese Satirist Dies

By ARKAR MOE Wednesday, December 16, 2009
Kyaw Tun, 72, a popular Burmese writer and satirist who wrote under the pen name
Danuphyu Kyaw Tun and Ei Kyar Kwe, died on Tuesday evening in Rangoon's
General Hospital.
Well-known in Burma for his poems, novels, satire and humorous literature, Kyaw
Tun was born in Danuphyu Township, Irrawaddy Division. He started his writing
career in 1954 and was chief editor of Thauk Kyar, a popular humor magazine.

He wrote more than 27 novels and published 1,200 poems,
80 short stories and three long stories in magazines. He
also published a study of the short stories of well-known
Burmese writer P-Moe Hnin. One of his short stories was
translated into Russian.
In January 1954, he published his first poem, “Chit
Tainepyi” (“My Beloved Country”), in Hantharwaddy newspaper under the pen
name Danuphyu Kyaw Tun. He later spent 30 years as the poetry editor of Lannyun
Niipya Thint Bawa (“Your Life”) magazine, using his position to cultivate the
talents of many Burmese poets.
In 1955, he established the Danupyu Literature Club and served as a chairman of
the Danuphyu Poets' Club in 1958. He held many literary events in his native
Danuphyu Township.
He started to use Ei Kyar Kwe as his pen name in 1957. “Ei kyar kwe” is a kind of
traditional Burmese snack made of dough that is formed into sticks, twisted and
deep fried.
Besides writing novels, stories and poems, he also wrote and directed some plays
for the Shwe Man dramatic troupe, such as “Come Back from the Poison Forest”
and “Eyes are Seeing.”
Min Luu, a well-known Burmese novelist, told The Irrawaddy on Wednesday:
“Saya Kwe [Ei Kyar Kwe] earned his living only from literature and was very
humble. Although his manner was very open and humorous, he could think deeply
and was well versed in political, social and current affairs.”
He added that Kyaw Tun was “very brilliant at composing Than Gyat,” a kind of
traditional satirical show popular during Thingyan, the Burmese New Year.

Now banned by the Burmese authorities, these performances offer a humorous and
often critical take on issues of social significance, including runaway inflation,
crime, drugs, AIDS, corruption and inept politicians.
NEWS ANALYSIS
North Korean Weapons Mystery:

Is Burma the Missing Link?
By SIMON ROUGHNEEN Wednesday, December 16, 2009
The North Korean arms cargo interdicted in Bangkok seems unlikely to be bound
for Burma, despite ties between Pyongyang and the Naypyidaw military junta.
Burmese junta strongman Snr-Gen Than Shwe visited Sri Lanka in November,
reciprocating a visit made by Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa in June this
year.
The final destination of the cache remains unclear. The crew claim that the airplane
was to land in Sri Lanka to refuel, with the Ukraine as a final destination,
apparently after the cargo had been dropped off elsewhere. Sri Lankan officials
denied any knowledge that the embargo-breaking flight was going to land in that
country.
Thai government
spokesman Panitan
Wattanayagorn said the
plane was going to “a
destination in the
Middle East” to unload
the weapons. Earlier
this year, authorities in

Thai police and soldiers remove boxes of
weaponry from a cargo plane at Don Mueang the United Arab
Airport in Bangkok on Dec. 12.
Emirates seized 10

containers of North Korean arms on board a Bahamian-flagged ship. Like the
Ilyushin-76 flight cargo, the manifest was listed as “oil drilling equipment.” The
consignment was supposedly destined for Iran.
Other speculation surrounds a possible African destination. Sudan is also under a
UN arms embargo, but acquires weapons from China and Russia among others, and
has become increasingly close to states such as Iran and Burma in recent years. The
latter two are thought to be key buyers in North Korea's US $1bn per annum illicit
arms bazaar, prompting speculation that a bevy of human rights violators are
collaborating in an underground weapons trade.
Sudan's deputy foreign minister visited Burma in October 2009 to discuss
“beneficial cooperation on investment and energy sectors,” according to The New
Light of Myanmar, a junta-backed publication based in Rangoon. Both Sudan and
Burma are important sources of energy supply to China, which has fostered these
links while Western competitors remain largely absent, due to international
sanctions on both Khartoum and Naypyidaw. Sudan, like Burma, will stage
controversial elections next year, amid speculation that oil-rich southern Sudan will
later secede, a move that Khartoum is likely to resist with military force.
Another possible destination is Eritrea―a closed, autocratic regime akin to Kim
Jong-il's dictatorship in North Korea. Eritrea has unresolved border problems with
Ethiopia, and is also supporting some Islamist factions in Somalia.
The US reportedly tipped off Thai authorities about the illicit cargo, according to
Thai media reports that the government and Americans have not commented on.
However it is not clear why the crew landed at Bangkok's Don Mueang Airport. If
carrying illicit weaponry from Pyongyang, this move would appear foolhardy in
extreme, given the close military and intelligence links between Thailand and the
US.

US Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton lauded the seizure, stating that it
"shows that sanctions can prevent the proliferation of weapons and it shows that
the international community when it stands together can make a very strong
statement."
Experts at Swedish-based SIPRI, an arms monitoring organization, traced the jet to
an arms trader linked to Victor Bout, who is now in prison in Bangkok. It appears
the airplane was most recently registered under a company called Beibars, linked to
Serbian arms dealer Tomislav Dmanjanovic. According to SIPRI and the UN, past
owners of the aircraft have trafficked arms to Liberia, Sierra Leone, the Democratic
Republic of Congo, Somalia, Sudan and Chad. It had previously been registered
with three companies identified by the US Department of the Treasury as firms
controlled by Mr Bout, labeled the “Merchant of Death” for his role in supplying
arms to an array of terrorist groups and insurgents around the world.
The US is trying to extradite Bout, who was arrested in Thailand in March last year,
and later indicted on four terrorism charges in New York.
Earlier in 2009, the US navy shadowed a North Korean ship suspected of carrying
arms to Burma, forcing it to turn back. North Korea is helping the Burmese junta
with conventional weaponry, and there is some speculation that the nuclear-armed
Communist regime in Pyongyang is sharing this technology with Naypyidaw.
However, Victor Cha, an analyst at the Center for Strategic and International
Studies in Washington, says that Burma is now wary of receiving arms transfers
from North Korea. The Burmese junta is not under an international arms embargo,
despite calls for one to be applied, and therefore does not have to rely on the
underground arms trade to equip its military, which is believed to be the largest in
Southeast Asia.
Cha acknowledged that precise analysis of what and how North Korea is selling, and
to who, remains impossible. The Thai seizure is likely a drop in the ocean of what is
estimated at a $1 billion annual trade. Cha cited a recent visit by China’s Premier
Wen Jiabao to North Korea, followed by Beijing’s defense minister, as fueling fears
that North Korea may on occasion be able to send arms through China, which
shares a land border with Burma. China is thought to fear instability or economic
collapse in North Korea, and Pyongyang relies on its illicit arms trade for foreign
currency.
Yettaw Named One of Year's 'Top

10 Fleeting Celebrities'
By LALIT K JHA Wednesday, December 16, 2009
WASHINGTON, DC—US national John William Yettaw, who swam across
Rangoon's Inya Lake to the home of Burmese pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu
Kyi, resulting in the extension of her house arrest, has been named one of the year's
“Top 10 Fleeting Celebrities” by Time magazine.
“Because she let her uninvited guest rest for a couple of days before he tried to swim
back, Suu Kyi—a Nobel Peace Prize laureate who has been imprisoned by Burma's
military regime for 14 of the past 20 years—was sentenced to 18 additional months
of house arrest,” the magazine said, adding that the incident had made Yettaw “a
magnet for international scorn and speculation.”
Yettaw was arrested during his return swim and sentenced to seven years in prison
by Burma's ruling junta. He was detained for three months during his trial, but was
freed soon after sentencing when US Sen. Jim Webb of Virginia negotiated an early
release on humanitarian grounds.
“He was trying to help. He's not a mean-spirited human being,” Webb said in
defense of Yettaw's “regrettable” actions.

Upon landing at Chicago O'Hare International Airport in August, Yettaw told
reporters, “If I had to do it again, I would do it a hundred times, a hundred times, to
save her life.”
During his trial, Yettaw told a Burmese court that he was merely trying to save Suu
Kyi's life after having a vision of her assassination.
The list of fleeting celebrities is topped by Nadya Suleman, who gave birth to
octuplets in January. It also includes Tareq and Michael Salahi, the Virginia couple
who gatecrashed US President Barack Obama's first State Dinner in honor of Indian
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.
Yettaw ranked eighth on the list.
Junta Bans Dhamma Advertising

By ARKAR MOE Wednesday, December 16, 2009
Burmese authorities have banned the public display of posters in Mandalay
advertising dhamma talks by monks.
The ban was issued through the Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee, the state-
sponsored Buddhist monks’ organization.
Dhamma talks are a deeply rooted tradition in Burma, and posters advertising them
usually carry pictures of the monks who give them.
A monk from Pyigyi Ta Kun township, Mandalay Division, told The Irrawaddy on
Monday: "I think the military regime wants to stop people listening to the teachings
of dhamma. People are angry about the ban."
The authorities have also banned individual monks, such as Shwe Nya War
Sayardaw, the dean of Shwe Nya War Buddhist University in Rangoon, from
delivering dhamma talks.

A monk who studied at the Buddhist University told The Irrawaddy on Monday:
“Shwe Nya War Sayardawgyi was banned from giving dhamma talks in Rangoon
last year because he spoke about Bogyoke (General) Aung San and the essence of
independence.”
Aung Htet Lin, who helps organize dhamma talks, told The Irrawaddy on Monday:
“We have to apply to the Burmese authorities and the Sangha Maha Nayaka
Committee in advance. We have to list the name of the sangha, the title of the
dhamma and the place and time it will be delivered."
In another restriction on Buddhist religious activities in Burma, the Ministry of
Religious Affairs has stopped issuing letters of recommendation, which monks need
to travel broad.
Ashin Issariya, a founders of the All Burma Monks' Alliance (ABMA), said: “It is
clear that the military junta is challenging Burmese monks and Buddhist devotees.
The junta doesn't want monks to be popular, well-known or close to the people."
Ashin Issariya said the restrictions were an insult to monks and would have a "bad
effect" on the country and its people, leading to more conflict.
Mandalay resident Min Ye Aung, who also helps organize dhamma talks, said the
authorities were also limiting the space allotted for the talks with the aim of
reducing the number of people attending them.
In October, the ABMA expelled junta leader Snr-Gen Than Shwe from the Buddhist
faith on the grounds that he had failed to issue an apology for his abuse of monks
and the religion of Buddhism.
According to official data, there are more than 400,000 monks in Burma, and its
community, the Sangha, is considered one of the strongest and most revered
institutions in the country.

Senator Calls for Clinton’s

Intervention in Kyaw Zaw Lwin Case
By LALIT K JHA Wednesday, December 16, 2009
WASHINGTON, DC—A US Senator has recently sought the personal intervention of
Hillary Rodham Clinton in securing the release of Kyaw Zaw Lwin, a Burmese-born
American national, who was imprisoned by the military junta on charges of fraud
and forgery, and whose health is reported to be deteriorating since he went on
hunger strike.
“It is vital that the US State Department ensures the health, safety and fair
treatment of every US citizen incarcerated overseas,” Sen Barbara A. Mikulski said
in a letter to Clinton.
Mikulski, the senator from Maryland, expressed her serious
concerns about Kyaw Zaw Lwin’s treatment by a military
regime that is known for its violation of human rights. “Mr
Lwin has already reported through his attorney that he has
Nyi Nyi Aung been tortured while being interrogated during his detention,”
(aka Kyaw
Zaw Lwin) she said.
Calling for personal intervention from Clinton, she said, “I urge you to condemn Mr
Lwin’s detention in the strongest possible terms and to ensure that the State
Department is doing everything in its power to secure Mr Lwin’s release.”
Until his release can be obtained, Mikulski wrote: “I ask that the State Department
continue to carefully monitor Mr Lwin’s condition―particularly his health and
safety―and do everything possible to keep Mr Lwin’s family informed of his status.”
Kyaw Zaw Lwin, aka Nyi Nyi Aung, was arrested by Burmese authorities on Sept. 3
upon arrival at Yangon [Rangoon] Airport and was charged with fraud and forgery.
Both charges carry a prison term of seven years.

Meanwhile, the US State Department continued to express concern over his
imprisonment. “We are concerned about Kyaw Zaw Lwin’s health and are pressing
for immediate consular access to him. We were last granted consular access on
December 3,” spokesman Ian Kelly said.
“Burmese authorities cited Kyaw Zaw Lwin’s health as the reason his scheduled
Dec. 11 court hearing was postponed,” he said.
Last week, US Sen Jim Webb also expressed concerns after news reports surfaced
about the alleged mistreatment of Kyaw Zaw Lwin during his detainment in Burma,
and that he is being denied regular access to US consular visits. Webb, who earlier
this year became the first US senator to visit Burma in a decade, has asked the
Department of State that he be provided updates on the status of this case.
“In the interim, I urge the government in Burma to afford Kyaw Zaw Lwin all the
rights guaranteed under international law,” said Webb, who serves as chairman of
the East Asia and Pacific Affairs Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Foreign
Relations.
“I also trust that the government will allow him the same access to US embassy
personnel that American citizen John Yettaw, whom I escorted out of the country in
August, received during his detainment and trial earlier this year,” Webb said.
Opium Use Increasing, Say Border Aid Workers

http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=17405
By ALEX ELLGEE Wednesday, December 16, 2009
MAE SAI, Thailand—Sitting on a stool playing Chinese chess at the Operation Dawn
Rehabilitation Centre near Mae Sai, Kyaw Thura, 39, of Shan State, recalls his days
as an opium smoker.
“It used to just be a few people smoking opium in our village, but now everyone is
smoking,” he said. After 22 years of smoking opium, he finally decided to kick the

habit and journeyed many miles to this retreat for drug users located in the hills
which used to be home to Khun Sa, the Golden Triangle’s most infamous drug lord.
Ironically, it’s now
home to more than 100
“brothers,” as they call
themselves, men who
have come to the
rehabilitation center to
give up drugs.
Farmers harvest opium poppies in northern The Taiwanese pastor

Karenni State. (Photo: KADAC)
who runs the centre
says that 70 percent of the men are from inside Burma and the rest from Thailand.
“My village has gone crazy, even children and old people are smoking it all day,”
said Kyaw Thura, as he slapped down a wooden chess piece in a winning move.
“Because there is a lot more opium growing in the area, and a lot more people
smoking, our village has many problems now, like stealing, sickness and no one
works properly. It’s really very sad.”
Having seen the effects opium has had on his village, he said he felt compelled to
travel to Thailand so he could “give up” and then return to help his friends and
family do the same.
According to a survey released on Monday by the United Nations Office for Drugs
and Crime, opium cultivation in Burma has increased by nearly 50 percent since
2006 and 11 percent since last year, and it could have been a lot higher if weather
conditions had been better for cultivation.
Gary Lewis, the regional director of UNODC, warned that previous efforts to
contain poppy cultivation and opium production are “unraveling” and that “the
situation is likely to get progressively worse as a result of political insecurity in the
north and economic pressures.”
The economic pressures come in the form of lower prices for alternative crops to
opium, a result of the global economic crisis, and the drop in demand for maize and
rubber from China.
The UN survey says most of the drug production comes from areas controlled by
ethnic armies, with a 40 percent increase in Shan State and a slight increase in the
Kachin and Karen areas. There’s also a concern that ethnic armies are selling their
drug stocks quickly now in order to buy weapons in the face of a growing risk of
conflict with the government regime, as a result of its order for ethnic armies to
transition into a government-controlled border guard force.
“Cease-fire groups—autonomous ethnic militia like the Wa and Kachin—are selling
drugs to buy weapons and they are moving drug stock to avoid detection,” said
Antonion Maria Costa, the head of the UNODC, based in Vienna.
While the UN blames ethnic and cease-fire groups for the increase in drug
cultivation, a report soon to be released by the Palong Women’s Orgaization (PWO),
titiled “Poisonous Hills,” says that the Burmese government is also playing a larger
part in the “unraveling” of drug containment efforts.
The PWO says that police “anti-drug teams” extort opium growers by demanding
bribes to turn a blind eye and to fill out eradication reports incorrectly to show that
drug production is decreasing.
Because Burmese police have formed illicit relationships and are able to profit from
illegal drug production, the PWO says in its report that “this is enabling drug abuse
to flourish. In one village surveyed in Mantong, it was found that that the
percentage of men aged 15 and over addicted to opium increased from 57 percent in
2007 to 85 percent in 2009.”

A survey in Nam Kham and Mantong townships during 2007-2009, two townships
heavily controlled by the junta’s army, found that the total area of opium cultivated
increased almost five-fold, from 964 hectares in the 2006-7 season to 4,549
hectares in the 2008-9 season.
An ethnic Kachin cease-fire group, the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO),
denied certain findings in the UNODC report, however.
“It is untrue. We never try to make our budget by selling opium and other drugs,”
said La Ja, the KIO general secretary.
Lapai Naw Din, the editor with the Thailand-based Kachin News Group, said that
Wa and Kachin cease-fire groups began to plant more opium as the junta regime
placed more restrictions on border trade after the fall of former Burmese premier
Gen Khin Nyunt in 2004. More opium is grown in order to fund their armies, he
said.
According to the “Neither War Nor Peace” report by the Transnational Institute,
armed cease-fire groups have sought various illegal avenues, such as logging,
mining, gambling and drug trafficking, to finance their organizations.
The increase in drug cultivation and production is not only a concern people inside
Burma but also for neighboring countries, such as Thailand, where large quantities
of drugs cross its border on a daily basis, making local communities susceptible
to drug abuse and associated crime.
“The police try to stop the drugs coming through here, but it’s not working, more
and more are coming” said Ning, 19, who lives on the street. He told The Irrawaddy
that he was addicted, as he inhaled the smoke from a burning purple ya-ba pill he
had heated up through aluminum foil.
“The problem is Burma? We’re right next door. It doesn’t matter how much they
try, we’re swimming in the stuff” he said, as he exhaled the vanilla smelling fumes.
“I know it [drugs] make me crazy,” he said. “I can’t sleep or eat well, but I carry
drugs around so much that it’s hard to stop. Every time I do a job I take drugs to
keep me going till the next load.”
Tempted by the money, many street children are lured into working as drug
carriers, or “mules,” for drug traders. Fetching the drugs from the Burmese side,
they carry it across the border to Thai dealers who avoid the risk of going through
customs.
“Many of the children end up in very dangerous situations because of the drug
trade,” said Kru Ngaow, the founder and director of Child Life, a center for children
who need a refuge while they try to stop using drugs.
“If the drug trade increases, then the children will suffer and more of them will
work as drug mules, which gives them money to buy drugs and they also steal from
the packages.”
Opium finds it way all along the Thai border, entering refugee camps in Mae Sot
and the surrounding communities.
“Our opium comes from Shan State, and it's destroying my village” said a 49-year-
old lady, who had travelled on foot for hours to the DARE Clinic on the edge of Mae
La refugee camp to seek help with her opium addiction.
Set up in 2001, the DARE network is the only organization on the border that
provides refugees with a comprehensive service that helps combat the affects of
drugs by using outreach workers who present education programs.
“By neglecting the issue, the Burmese government has used drugs as a tool to
suppress ethnic people’s minds. By enabling them to give up drugs, we free their
minds.” said Pam Rodgers, a founder of the DARE network.

“Despite the massive progress we've made, the overall situation continues to
deteriorate as more drugs are produced and more people become addicts inside
Burma and along the border areas,” she said.
Another concern along the border is the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA),
and its growing control of the region. With Karen National Liberation Army
(KNLA) territory diminishing, there will be a rise in drugs coming through the Mae
Sot area. The KNLA strickly prohibted drug trade in its area.
With the combination of the regime-backed DKBA assuming control of the drug
trade in its area, drug cultivation increasing in many ethnic cease-fire group areas
in the north, and the Burmese army exploiting ways to profit from the eradication
effort, the concerns of law enforcement agencies, the UN and other groups are
justified.
As the drugs are shipped to locations around the world, it's the communities in
Burma and along the border that will pay the highest price, perhaps, because of the
growing presence of drugs and a lack of resources to fight the problem at the local
level.
NEWS ANALYSIS
NLD Must Nurture Young Leaders

By WAI MOE Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Will Burma’s detained pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi resolve the
opposition’s “generation crisis” when she meets with the aging leaders of her party,
the National League for Democracy (NLD), in the coming days?
In late November, NLD sources told The Irrawaddy that in response to Suu Kyi’s
requests, the ruling authorities had agreed to grant her a meeting with members of
the NLD's Central Executive Committee (CEC), though it is uncertain whether
another detained leader, ex-Gen Tin Oo, would be allowed to participate.

The meeting is likely to
be on Wednesday,
which is a national
holiday in Burma,
celebrating Karen New
Year.
Senior NLD leaders attend a ceremony to mark Originally, the generals

the 89th anniversary of Burma's National Day at
the party's headquarters in Rangoon in in Naypyidaw said they
November 2009. (PHOTO: AP)
would only allow her a
meeting with three CEC members—Aung Shwe, U Lwin and Lun Tin— two of whom
are octogenarians while Aung Shwe is 92.
Along with other political issues, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate is expected to talk
with her colleagues about party reform, particularly the replacement of aging and ill
CEC members with younger leaders, NLD sources said.
“Currently there are 11 CEC members within the party. Six out of the 11 are now
over 80 and not very well,” said Khin Maung Swe, 67, a CEC member and an NLD
spokesman.
In fact, with the exception of Suu Kyi, who is 64, and Khin Maung Swe, all the other
CEC members are over 80 years of age.
The NLD's most prominent other figurehead, Vice Chairman Tin Oo, who was
arrested in May 2003 following an ambush on Suu Kyi’s convey and sentenced to
house arrest, is now 83.
“Even if a total overhaul of the party cannot take place, the replacement of those
who are ill within the NLD leadership should be possible,” said Aye Thar Aung, an
Arakanese leader based in Rangoon, who is a close ally of the NLD.

Due to Chairman Aung Shwe’s health, two CEC members, Win Tin, 80, and Than
Tun, 87, are reportedly acting chairmen of the party, according to NLD sources.
Relative youngsters, such as Than Nyein, who is in his 70s, and Nyan Win, who is in
his 60s, are informally listed as additional members of the CEC.
Political observers inside Burma have said the NLD needs to strengthen its
presence in the country to maintain its popularity ahead of the 2010 general
election.
The pertinent question is how the leading opposition party can hope to bridge the
spectrum of society when even its second row of leaders are all over 60 years of age.
The NLD has not held nationwide party meetings for at least a decade because of
harassment by the authorities and other setbacks. Although young members of the
party recently called for party meetings across the country, the CEC have stalled.
“The NLD has to call national party meetings at least once every four years to
resolve the generation gap in its leadership,” Aye Thar Aung said. “Then younger
members could come through the ranks.”
While the NLD finds itself in a generation dilemma, the military junta, headed by
Snr-Gen Than Shwe, organizes its hierarchy from the top down using military rank.
Although Than Shwe is 76 and his No 2, Deputy Snr-Gen Maung Aye, is 72, the
other top generals are in their early 60s and some are still in their 50s.
The junta-backed civic organization, the Union Solidarity and Development
Association (USDA), has been recruiting young, respected persons to run as
candidates in next year's election, representing pro-junta parties.
“Since early 2009, the USDA has nominated potential candidates who are young
and well-respected with good names to avoid a repeat of the 1990 election,” said a
USDA source who spoke on condition of anonymity.

In the 1990 election, the NLD and its allies won a landslide victory over the junta-
backed National Unity Party.
Twenty years later, the NLD lacks young candidates, but has a surplus of members
who were active in the 1988 democratic uprising against military rule.
Imprisoned 88 Generation Students group leaders, such as Min Ko Naing, Ko Ko
Kyi, Pyone Cho and Htay Kywe, are now in their 40s and are reported to be ready to
cooperate or join Suu Kyi’s party in the greater interest of supporting the cause of
democratic reform in Burma.
“We have many young emerging prospects across the country,” said Khin Maung
Swe. “One day they will be the party's leaders.”
Suu Kyi to Meet with Aging NLD

Members
By BA KAUNG Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Burmese pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi will meet with three senior
leaders of her National League for Democracy (NLD) party this week, an NLD
official said on Tuesday.
The meeting will probably take place on Wednesday morning, said Khin Maung
Swe, the NLD spokesman.
On Monday, Police Brig-Gen Khin Yi and other police officials went to the homes of
the NLD party chairman and two senior members to ask if they would agree to meet
with Suu Kyi in a yet to be disclosed location, he said.
The meeting is in response to a letter Suu Kyi sent to junta Snr-Gen Than Shwe in
which she requested to be allowed to visit the three ailing party leaders in their
homes to pay respect to them. Suu Kyi is serving an 18-month sentence under
house arrest.
Chairman Aung Shwe is 92 years old, and U Lwin and Lun Tin are octogenarians.
All three are former high-ranking military officers who served under former
dictator Gen Ne Win.
“The party chairman, Aung Shwe, responded to the police official that even though
he prefers Aung San Suu Kyi's request for separate meetings [in their homes], he
has no objection if Suu Kyi accepts meeting the three of them together,” Khin
Maung Swe said.
Gen Khin Yi told Aung Shwe that he would also meet with Suu Kyi to ask if she
would accept the government's arrangement for a single meeting with all three
senior party members.
In her letter, Suu Kyi also requested to meet with Sen-Gen Than Shwe and
members of the NLD central executive committee.
Asked if Suu Kyi would be allowed to meet with the executive members anytime
soon, Khin Maung Swe said, “The government never directly contacts the CEC. It
contacts us only through the party chairman. So we don't know.”
On Dec. 9, Suu Kyi and the government's liaison officer, Aung Kyi, had a 45-minute
meeting at a government guesthouse. No details of the meeting were released.
Some analysts speculated that Suu Kyi may intend to reform the party and wants
aging members who can not perform their duties to retire.
Meanwhile, on Tuesday afternoon, Suu Kyi met with her lawyers who have been
trying to appeal against her 18-month sentence, said Nyan Win, one of the lawyers.

Thailand to Open New Trade

Checkpoints on Burmese Border
By LAWI WENG Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Thailand will open four more trade checkpoints on its border with Burma next year,
including one that was closed in 2007 after Thai border security guards were
kidnapped by an armed group allied to the Burmese junta, according to the Thai
press.
The Nation newspaper reported on Tuesday that the four checkpoints will be at
Huay Ton Nun in Thailand's Mae Hong Son Province; Ban Nam Khao and Three
Pagodas Pass in Kanchanburi Province; and Dan Singkhon in Prachuap Khiri Khan
Province.
At present there are three border trade checkpoints linking Thailand and Burma.
The four new checkpoints will facilitate trade, investment and tourism between the
two countries and will open as soon as possible, Thailand's Deputy Commerce
Minister Alongkorn Ponlaboot told The Nation.
Meanwhile, Thailand and Burma have agreed to build a second “friendship bridge”
linking Mae Sot, Tak Province, and Myawaddy, in Burma's Karen State.
Ampol Chatchaiyareuk, chairman of the Tak Chamber of Commerce, told The
Irrawaddy in March that a new bridge is necessary because the existing one is
getting old and is not suitable for large trucks. He added that the new bridge would
bring a twofold increase in border trade.
Thailand earns around 1 billion baht (US $28 million) monthly from the bilateral
border
trade between Myawaddy and Mae Sot, according to the Tak Chamber of
Commerce.

The two countries began official border trade in Mae Sot after the Thai-Burma
Friendship Bridge opened in 1997. A border trade zone in Myawaddy is expected to
increase trade between the two countries.
The Three Pagodas Pass checkpoint that will open next year was once one of four
official border crossing points, until it was closed after soldiers from the Democratic
Karen Buddhist Army, a pro-Burmese junta cease-fire group, kidnapped Thai
border security guards in March 2007.
According to Thu Rein, a local businessman in Three Pagodas Pass, the Burmese
authorities have told businessmen in the town that the border will reopen soon.
“It is good news for us. We hope the border business will grow again,” he said.
He said that trade in the town declined about 70 percent after the border shut
down, forcing many local businesses to shut down.
Destination of North Korean

Weapons Still Unknown
By JOCELYN GECKER / AP WRITER Tuesday, December 15, 2009
BANGKOK — Thai authorities are still trying to unravel the mystery of the ultimate
destination of a plane that landed in Bangkok with a huge cache of weapons from
North Korea, exported in defiance of a UN embargo on arms from the communist
state.
Military analysts said on Monday that the arms were likely destined for African
rebel groups or a rogue regime like military-ruled Burma.

Thai officials
impounded the
Ilyushin Il-76 transport
plane on Saturday and
discovered what they
said was 35 tons of
explosives, rocket-
Thai policemen guard the five crew members of propelled grenades,

of a cargo plane which was seized carrying 35
tons of arms in Bangkok on Dec. 12. (Photo: components for
Reuters) surface-to-air missiles
and other armaments.
The plane's manifest had described the cargo as oil-drilling equipment, and the
crew said the plane was supposed to deliver its cargo to Sri Lanka.
The United States, which is particularly concerned about North Korea selling
weapons and nuclear technology in the Middle East, reportedly tipped off Thai
authorities to the illicit cargo, according to Thai media reports that the government
and US Embassy declined to comment on.
Gen. Walter "Skip" Sharp, the top US military commander in Korea, said in
Washington that he was "not going to give away any of the intelligence as far as how
we're watching to see what North Korea is doing up there."
Impoverished North Korea is believed to earn hundreds of millions of dollars every
year by selling missiles, missile parts and other weapons to countries such as Iran,
Syria and Burma.
US Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton praised the seizure, saying it "shows
that sanctions can prevent the proliferation of weapons and it shows that the
international community when it stands together can make a very strong
statement."
Experts in the illicit arms trade said circumstantial evidence suggested the weapons
were meant for Africa, which is a ready market rife with conflict.
The flight plan turned over to Thai police said the plane was registered to Air West,
a cargo transport company in the former Soviet republic of Georgia, said Somsak
Saithong, a lawyer for the arrested crew members.
He said the men, four from Kazakhstan and one from Belarus, insisted they were
unaware they were transporting weapons. They were detained on Sunday on a
charge of illegal arms possession, which carries a penalty of up to 10 years in prison.
A Thai court on Monday allowed police to hold them for at least 12 more days
pending further investigation.
Giorgy Bokuchava, the head of the Georgian transport administration, confirmed
the plane belongs to Air West but said it was leased last month to the SP Trading, a
company in Ukraine, another ex-Soviet nation.
A Russian deputy foreign minister, Alexei Borodavkin, praised the weapons seizure
when asked by a reporter in Moscow.
"As shown by this case with the plane, which was detained in Thailand, these
[United Nations] sanctions are working," Borodavkin said.
Thai government spokesman Panitan Wattanayagorn said the flight plan indicated
the aircraft was headed for the Sri Lankan capital, Colombo.
However, investigations into weapons trafficking shows that documentation such as
a flight plan "doesn't mean anything," said Siemon Wezeman, a senior fellow for the
Arms Transfers Project of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
The types of arms reported to be on the aircraft—intended to add firepower to
defend against planes and tanks, which are usually in the arsenal of government

forces—were typical of those used by insurgent movements, and raised suspicion
that they could be headed for an African rebel group, Wezeman said.
Christian LeMiere, editor of the London-based Jane's Intelligence Weekly, said the
range of the Il-76 and its apparent flight path suggested it may have been headed to
Africa, where there are groups ready to buy North Korean weapons.
They included Sudan, which might pass the weapons to rebel groups in Chad, and
Eritrea, which might keep them for its own arsenal or pass them on to warring
factions in Somalia.
Wezeman doubted that Sri Lanka was the destination, because it already has a huge
amount of weaponry on hand after its recently ended civil war.
Iran, though it is willing to defy the international community on issues of nuclear
development, was an unlikely buyer because it makes its own weapons of the type
seized, he said. But he acknowledged it was possible that the shipment was ordered
by Iran for distribution to Hamas and Hezbollah.
In August, the United Arab Emirates seized a Bahamas-flagged cargo ship bound
for Iran with a cache of banned rocket-propelled grenades and other arms from
North Korea, the first seizure since UN sanctions were ramped up.
Burma, also known as Myanmar, a pariah state known to have military links to
North Korea, was also a possible destination, Wezeman suggested.
In July, a North Korean ship believed to be bound for burma and carrying
suspicious cargo, possibly illicit weapons, changed course and headed home after it
was monitored for more than a week by the US Navy.
The UN sanctions—which ban North Korea from exporting any arms—were
imposed in June after the reclusive communist regime conducted a nuclear test and

test-fired missiles. They are aimed at derailing North Korea's nuclear weapons
program, but also ban North Korea's selling any conventional arms.
Smuggling weapons into African combat zones became a booming business in the
1990s, with warring groups funding their purchases through the sale of rare
minerals and gems, including so-called "blood diamonds."
One of the biggest alleged figures behind the illicit arms trade in Africa is now in a
Thai jail.
Russian national Viktor Bout was arrested in March 2008 in Bangkok after US
agents posed as arms buyers for the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or
FARC, which Washington classifies as a terrorist organization. The US is seeking
his extradition for trial on terrorism charges.
A Thai court in August rejected the extradition request, but Thai prosecutors have
appealed the ruling.
Associated Press writers Grant Peck and Jane Fugal in Bangkok, Foster Klug in
Washington and Misha Dzhindzhikhashvili in Tblisis, Georgia, contributed to this
report.
Burmese Media Lead with Than

Shwe's Favorites
By WAI MOE Monday, December 14, 2009
Burmese military strongman Snr-Gen Than Shwe traveled to Pyin Oo Lwin on
Friday to attend the graduation of the 52nd Intake of the Defense Services Academy
(DSA). As with previous graduations, he took along an entourage of family
members, including his favorite grandson, Nay Shwe Thway Aung.
The following day, a photograph of Than Shwe’s extended family appeared in The
New Light of Myanmar, the country's only state-run newspaper in English. In the
photo, Nay Shwe Thway Aung sits on a sofa alongside Than Shwe's wife wearing
sunglasses and a white Western suit.
Described quietly by
ordinary people as “The
Royal Family,” Than
Shwe and his kin
regularly dominate the
pictorial sections of
Nay Shwe Thway Aung (white suit and state-run newspapers
sunglasses) sits alongside Than Shwe's wife
Kyaing Kyaing at the DSA graduation on Dec. 11, with the following
2009. (Photo: MNA)
pages covering senior
ranking generals in order of favor or importance.
The New Light of Myanmar featured separate photos of Shwe Mann and Tin Aung
Myint Oo––who reportedly dislike each other––at the event. Whether intentionally
or not, Tin Aung Myint Oo, the No 4 general in the military hierarchy and
quartermaster-general of the armed forces, appeared ahead of Shwe Mann’s photo
in the newspaper. Such details are frequently said to portray underlying messages,
observers say.
The day before the military academy event, Than Shwe visited Yadanabon Cyber
City, the country's largest IT center, which is also in Pyin Oo Lwin. Again, he was
accompanied by his grandson who has developed a reputation for gangster
activities in recent years.
Pictures of Nay Shwe Thway Aung appeared again in the state-run mouthpieces
along with Than Shwe and other top generals. One photo showed Than Shwe's
grandson apparently telling a joke to military representatives while touring the IT
center.

The media reported that Than Shwe was met at Yadanabon Cyber City by Ne Aung,
a son of Industry-1 Minister ex- Lt Col Aung Thaung. One of the richest
businessmen in Burma and a close crony of the military elite, Ne Aung is managing
director of IGE Co Ltd, which has an outlet at the IT center.
Ne Aung's brother, Pyi Aung, is the son-in-law of junta No 2 Deputy Snr-Gen
Maung Aye, and is also an executive of the IGE company, which is registered in
Singapore.
One of Burma's most
successful new
companies, IGE was
permitted by
government
authorities to expand
into agriculture,
Snr-Gen Than Shwe (center) tours Yadanabon steel, chemicals,
Cyber City on Dec. 10 with his grandson, Nay
Shwe Thway Aung (left), and Gen Shwe Mann electronics, and the
(right) just behind him. (Photo: MNA)
oil and gas
industries, including a stake in the offshore natural gas project in Arakan State.
Another well-known business crony who met up with Than Shwe on his visit to
Yadanabon Cyber City was family friend Tay Za, whose vast range of business
interests include an airline, Air Bagan, logging, jade mining, import/ export, and a
retail outlet in the IT sector. Burma watchers have speculated that Than Shwe's
family has shares in many of Tay Za's companies.
Both Tay Za and Ne Aung are on the blacklist of sanctioned Burmese business
cronies issued by the US, the EU and Australia.
“Burma is a patronized system,” said Aung Naing Oo, a Burmese political analyst
based in Thailand. “Therefore the way Information Minister Brig-Gen Kyaw Hsan
directs the setting of photographs within the state media reflects the ranking of
officials from Than Shwe down.”
Apart from the political manipulations, he said, “as Burma is a military
dictatorship, family members of the ruling generals and their cronies get business
licenses before anyone else.”
Seoul Searching
By ALEX ELLGEE / MAE SAI Monday, December 14, 2009
Disheveled, sunburnt and looking slightly disorientated, a group of seven young
women stand in a clearing on the roadside next to the Mekong River where Burma,
Laos and Thailand meet.
Clutching cheap bags to their chests, their eyes dart about on the lookout for any
policemen coming down the road which links Chiang Rai and the Golden Triangle.
“We need to get to a market quickly to pick up our money,” one of the women said,
then screamed at the rest of the group to run as fast as they could and not turn
back.
“We didn’t cross the river to talk to people. We just came to get our money from
someone at the market and be on our way,” she added as the rest of the group
sprinted down the path toward a forest.
Later that day, the women reportedly received their money from one of the brokers
who had facilitated their journey, and immediately began the next stage of their
clandestine mission––to travel undetected to Bangkok.
The women are part of an increasing influx into Thailand of North Korean refugees
who have traveled great distances to escape a life of suffering at the hands of Kim
Jong-il’s regime.

Jeera Sak, the deputy chief of Mae Sai immigration office, where many of the
refugees arrive and are detained before they are processed in Bangkok, told The
Irrawaddy how this year 1,019 North Korean refugees have been documented,
compared to just 373 in 2008.
With only a handful of possessions, a growing number are flooding through the
surprisingly porous border to China. Having bribed the underpaid border guards,
“the deserters,” as the North Korean government calls them, either find work in
China or continue their long journey to Thailand.
It’s not always so easy though, and many of the girls find themselves victims of sex
trafficking or being sold as wives to Chinese men. At the same time, there is always
the danger of being arrested by the Chinese authorities and repatriated to North
Korea where they face severe punishment.
China’s treatment of North Korean refugees was a major part of the discussion at
the 6th International Parliamentarians’ Coalition for North Korean Refugees’
Human Rights (IPCNKR) conference held in Chiang Mai last week.
The conference ended with a statement which called on the Chinese government to
end the deportation of North Korean refugees and to respect their human rights in
light of the fact that 100 had already been sent back this year alone, including an
82-year-old man.
“When my brother was sent back to North Korea by the Chinese, he was sent to the
worst prison in the world––worse than where murderers would go. It’s not
comparable to any other country,” said a defector whose brother, a Christian, was
persecuted in North Korea for his beliefs.
The danger of being repatriated by the Chinese authorities deeply worries many
refugees, who may need to stay and work in China to make enough money for their
trip to Thailand.

“The journey takes around one month and requires between 150,000 to 200,000
baht [US $4,500 to $6,000], so they need to either leave North Korea with savings
or work in China,” explained Superintendent Sutham Chatsra of Chiang Saen Police
Station in northern Thailand.
Having worked to raise the necessary funds the refugees travel down through
Yunnan Province, through Myanmar [Burma] and then into Laos and over the
Mekong River into Thailand,” he said.
“Most of these refugees have no recollection of their trip through Myanmar as they
are mainly locked up in a car,” a staff member of Liberty in North Korea (LINK), a
Washington-based NGO, told The Irrawaddy.
In December 2008, 19 North Korean refugees were caught and detained by the
Burmese authorities for a month under charges of illegal entry.
In a surprise move, the Burmese authorities decided to release them despite their
warming relations with Pyongyang. The group, which included 15 women and a
seven-year-old child, was released to the Thai authorities in order to pave the way
to seek asylum in South Korea.
For those who do make it to Thailand, Chatsra says that some 80 percent of North
Korean refugees walk into his police station in order to get themselves arrested.
“The moment they cross the river they just walk straight into the police station and
turn themselves in,” he said while 14 new arrivals were being interviewed in the
background.
“They know that the sooner they turn themselves in, the sooner they can get down
to the South Korean embassy in Bangkok.”
Having been arrested at Chiang Saen police station they are kept in a detention
center for two to seven days, and interviewed by police officers and a translator who
is normally issued by the South Korean consulate in nearby Chiang Rai.

When there are enough refugees to fill an immigration truck they are driven to the
South Korean embassy where they are detained further till they are sent over to
South Korea to begin new lives as South Korean citizens.
However, not all the refugees hand themselves over to the police. The women who
were standing in the clearing by the road at the Golden Triangle decided they would
take their chances and make their way to Bangkok by themselves.
They said they did not want to be held in detention or pay the customary 2,000
baht [$60] fine. However, even for those without money, the fine can quickly be
met because the police will deduct 200 baht [$6] for every day spent in detention.
The North Korean women said they had worked in China for between one to two
years and then handed over their hard-earned savings to brokers to transport them
to Thailand where another broker was to meet them at the market to pass over the
rest of their money to help get them down to Bangkok.
Chatsra said that there is a growing number of middle-class people who are seeking
refuge in Thailand. Many, he claims, come directly from North Korea and are able
to rent cars and come wearing nice clothes.
However, the majority of North Korean refugees face untold dangers and hazards at
every step of their passage.
One Christian NGO worker who wished to remain anonymous due to the sensitivity
of her work in Thailand told The Irrawaddy that many of the refugees arrive in bad
shape.
“They have to travel so far, often in bad conditions, and get exploited along the way.
They arrive exhausted and confused,” she said.
“It can sometimes be very difficult for us because they are so disoriented and don’t
trust anyone. It takes time for us to build their confidence and get them to believe

that we really just want to help them – this is because of the way that horrible
regime [North Korean] has brainwashed them not to trust outsiders,” she said.
With North Korea in a political deadlock it looks unlikely that the situation will
change any time soon for the citizens of North Korea. Refugees will undoubtedly
continue to pour across their northern border and begin the long journey to
Thailand and ultimately to what they hope is a better life in South Korea.
Exile Media Expects Citizen-

Journalists to Help in 2010 Election
By SAW YAN NAING Monday, December 14, 2009
The exile media anticipates that citizen-journalists inside Burma will again join
hands with outside media by contributing information, photographs and video
about the general election in 2010, as they did in the monk-led protests in 2007 and
Cyclone Nargis disaster in 2008.
At the Mekong Media Forum in Chiang Mai, Thailand, on Friday, Kyaw Zwa Moe,
the managing editor of The Irrawaddy, a Chiang Mai-based print and online
magazine, said, “Citizen-journalists will play a key role in the future, especially in
2010. They will come back again to contribute information and photos to the
media.”
During the Buddhist monk-led uprising in September 2007 in Burma, citizen-
journalists, including political dissidents, government staff and individual
bloggers—under heavy government restrictions—played an key role in getting out
timely updates of information and images to exiled-based media and international
news agencies, through their use of the Internet.
“We got a lot of photos and information from Rangoon and other cities during
protest in 2007,” Kyaw Zwa Moe said. “Sometimes we didn't even know who sent in
the reports.”

The year 2007 saw the birth of the Burmese citizen-journalist, he said. People from
all walks of life—from young students to civil servants to monks—contributed their
first-hand accounts.
In 2008, citizen-journalists provided badly needed information when Cyclone
Nargis struck the Irrawaddy delta and Rangoon Division, killing more than 130,000
people.
Citizen-journalists work at great risk if the regime's Internet censors learn of their
efforts, said Kyaw Zwa Moe. They could be charged under Article 33 (A) of the
electronic act, he told about 200 journalists and representatives of
nongovernmental organization from the Mekong region, which includes Thailand,
Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and China.
During 2007 and 2008, Burmese authorities arrested many dissidents, monks,
journalists and sentenced them to long prison terms. Zaw Thet Htwe, a sports
writer, was jailed for 19 years for helping cyclone survivors and a Burmese blogger
in Rangoon; Nay Phone Latt was sentenced to 15 years after authorities found an
anti-government cartoon in his e-mail.
After the monk-led uprising, many predicted another civic uprising, but so far it
has not happened, one factor being the heavy restrictions and monitoring of
Burmese dissidents and monks by the military authorities, said Kyaw Zaw Moe
As the regime moves toward the 2010 election, analysts expect it to step up its
Internet surveillance and take highly publicized legal action against anyone who
launches an anti-government campaign or disseminates what it considers to be
information that “threatens national security.”
However, exile journalists said the Burmese regime can not stop the flow of out-
bound information by citizen-journalists, because dissidents have even higher
technical skills today.

In mid-2009, even military personnel provided the media with information,
photographs and video footage about Burma's top-secret weapons projects and
underground tunnels. Dozens of military personnel and civil servants who allegedly
leaked the secrets to exile media were arrested last month and put on trial.
Roby Alampay, the executive director of the Bangkok-based Southeast Asia Press
Alliance, told the conference he was optimistic that citizen-journalists would
perform the same function starting in 2010.
“The more there are [citizen-journalists], the more difficult it will be for the
government to monitor their information,” Alampay said.
US Seeks Access to Detained

Dissident
By LALIT K JHA Saturday, December 12, 2009
WASHINGTON — The United States on Friday sought immediate consular access
to American national Kyaw Zaw Lwin (aka Nyi Nyi Aung), who is currently on a
hunger strike in a Burmese prison and whose health is reported to be deteriorating.
“We have heard reports that Kyaw Zaw Lwin has been on a hunger strike since Dec.
4. We are pressing for immediate consular access to him,” US State Department
spokesman Ian Kelly told The Irrawaddy.
“We understand that Kyaw Zaw Lwin’s Dec. 11 court hearing was postponed. No
new date has been announced. Burmese authorities said that the postponement was
due to concerns about his health,” Kelly added.
The US Embassy in Rangoon has been granted consular access to Kyaw Zaw Lwin
six times since his arrest on Sept. 3, most recently on Dec. 3. In addition to this, US
consular officers have been present at all eight of his court hearings.

Meanwhile, US Sen. James Webb, who traveled to Burma earlier this year to secure
the release of another US citizen imprisoned by the Burmese junta, urged the
regime to grant Kyaw Zaw Lwin all rights guaranteed under international law.
Webb expressed concern about news reports that Kyaw Zaw Lwin had been
mistreated during his detainment and that he is being denied regular access to US
consular visits.
Webb, who in August became the first US senator to visit Burma in more than a
decade, asked the US State Department to provide him with updates on the status
of Kyaw Zaw Lwin's case.
“In the interim, I urge the government in Burma to afford Kyaw Zaw Lwin all the
rights guaranteed under international law,” said Webb, who serves as chairman of
the East Asia and Pacific Affairs subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Foreign
Relations.
“I also trust that the government will allow him the same access to US Embassy
personnel that American citizen John Yettaw, whom I escorted out of the country in
August, received during his detainment and trial earlier this year,” Webb said.
On Friday, Kyaw Zaw Lwin’s Washington-based international counsel, Beth
Schwanke, said that she was “extremely concerned” about the “seriously
deteriorating” condition of his health.
“We are gravely concerned for [Kyaw Zaw Lwin's] health and welfare,” said Jared
Genser, president of Freedom Now, an advocacy organization for political
prisoners. “The Burmese junta must provide the US Embassy with immediate
access . . . And we call on the United States government to do everything possible to
persuade the junta to provide this access.”
A well-known democracy activist, Kyaw Zaw Lwin was arrested by the Burmese

authorities on Sept. 3 while entering the country in an attempt to visit his mother,
also an imprisoned democracy activist, who has cancer.
Initially accused of national security violations, he is now accused of using a forged
Burmese national identity card, despite being the holder of an American passport.
He is also accused of failing to declare currency at customs, although he was
arrested before entering customs, Freedom Now said.
Freedom Now said he is currently on trial for these violations and is being detained
in Burma’s notorious Insein prison.
Chinese, Burmese Military

Leaders Discuss Border Security
By WAI MOE Friday, December 11, 2009
A senior Chinese army officer traveled to the Burmese capital, Naypyidaw, this
week for talks that were reported to center on efforts to ensure stability on the Sino-
Burmese border.
The Chinese officer, Lt-Gen Ai Husheng, is chief of staff of the Chengdu Military
Region of the People’s Liberation Army. He met his Burmese counterpart, Lt-Gen
Min Aung Hlaing, chief of the Bureau of Special Operations (BSO)-2.
Burma army parade during the Armed Forces

Day in the administrative capital Naypyidaw on

March 27. (Photo: Getty Images)
News of the meeting
was carried by Burma's state-run media on Friday, one day after Ai Husheng
concluded his Naypyidaw visit.
As the chief of BSO-2, which oversees the Northeast, East and Triangle Regional
Military Commands of Burma's armed forces, Min Aung Hlaing is responsible for
security along the Sino-Burmese border. He commanded the military offensive
against the Kokang army in August.
The offensive heightened the border tensions that have arisen because of the
Burmese regime's proposal for armed ceasefire groups to reconstitute themselves as
a border guard force.
Most of the larger groups are resisting the proposal, which was put forward by the
regime in April.
Even before the proposal was announced, Kachin and Wa leaders wrote to the
Chinese government in Dec. 2008 appealing for Beijing's support for Burma's
ethnic minorities in their demands for autonomy.
Because of the opposition to the border guards force proposal, the Burmese regime
has postponed on several occasions the deadline for accepting it. The latest deadline
expires at the end of December.
Ceasefire groups in north and northeast Burma last met government negotiator Lt-
Gen Ye Myint in November. Ye Myint, who is also chief of Military Affairs Security
(formerly known as the Military Intelligence) failed to secure agreement to the
border guard force from groups such as the United Wa State Army (UWSA).
Some four months after the Kokang clashes, the situation in the region has returned
almost to normal, according to local aid workers in the capital, Laokai. During the
conflict, about 37,000 Kokang- Chinese refugees fled to China. Most have now
returned to Burma.
International organizations including UN agencies have also resumed their work in
Kokang areas after withdrawing to the northern Shan State town of Lashio because
of the conflict. Maj-Gen Aung Than Htut, commander of the Northeast Regional
Military Command, reportedly guaranteed their security if they returned.
During his five day stay in Burma from Dec. 5 to Dec.10, Ai Husheng also traveled
from Rangoon to the Golden Triangle town of Kentung, headquarters of Burma’s
Triangle Regional Military Command and strategically located near Burma's
borders with three neighboring countries—China, Laos and Thailand.
The UWSA and its allies, the Mong-La army and National Democratic Alliance
Army (NDAA), and a non-ceasefire group, the Shan State Army (South), are
mobilizing in the region. The UWSA and the NDAA are still engaged in talks on the
border guards proposal.
During the meeting with Ye Myint in November, the UWSA and the NDAA
reportedly accepted the proposal provided the Wa and Mong-la political leadership
retained control of their troops. The compromise was reportedly rejected by the
regime, however.
Ai Husheng also visited Mandalay and the Defense Services Technological Academy
in Phin Oo Lwin, the state-run newspaper The New Light of Myanmar reported on
Friday.
Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping is scheduled to visit Burma in the near future, the
Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced on Friday. Xi Jinping was invited by
the Burmese junta's No.2, Vice Snr-Gen Maung Aye. The Chinese leader will also
visit Japan, South Korea and Cambodia.

အန္အယ္လ္ဒီေခါင္းေဆာင္ (၃) ဦးကို

ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ ေတြ႔ဆုံဂါရ၀ျပဳ
NEJ / ၁၆ ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၂၀၀၉
အမ်ဳိးသားဒီမိုကေရစီအဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ (အန္အယ္လ္ဒီ) ဥကၠ႒ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊအပါအ၀င္

ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္ (၃) ဦးကို ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ယေန႔ နံနက္ပိုင္း၌
စိမ္းလဲ့ကန္သာဧည့္ရိပ္သာတြင္ ေတြ႔ဆုံဂါရ၀ျပဳခဲ့သည္ဟု အန္အယ္လ္ဒီ ေျပာခြင့္ရပုဂၢိဳလ္
ေရွ႕ေနႀကီး ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္းက ေျပာသည္။
၎က “က်ေနာ္သိရသေလာက္ေတာ့ မနက္ (၁၁) နာရီက (၁၂) နာရီထိပါ။

စိမ္းလဲ့ကန္သာဧည့္ရိပ္သာမွာ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က အရင္ဆုံးေရာက္ပါတယ္။ ေနာက္
ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ၊ ဦးလြင္၊ ဦးလြန္းတင္တို႔က ေရာက္လာပါတယ္။ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က အဲဒီက
ႀကိဳဆိုၿပီးေတာ့ အဲဒီပုဂၢိဳလ္ (၃) ဦးကို လႉဖြယ္ပစၥည္းေတြနဲ႔ ကန္ေတာ့ပါတယ္” ဟု ေျပာသည္။
ဒီဇင္ဘာ (၁၄) ရက္တြင္ နအဖစစ္အစုိးရ ရဲခ်ဳပ္ ဗိုလ္မႉးခ်ဳပ္ခင္ရီက အန္အယ္လ္ဒီ ဥကၠ႒

ဦးေအာင္ေရႊေနအိမ္သုိ႔ သြားေရာက္ကာ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္အား
ဂါရ၀ျပဳေရးအစီအစဥ္ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ သေဘာထားေမးျမန္းခဲ့ၿပီးေနာက္ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ၊ ဦးလြင္ႏွင့္
ဦးလြန္းတင္တို႔ (၃) ဦးကို တေနရာတည္းတြင္ စုစည္း၍ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ဂါရ၀ျပဳခြင့္
ရရိွျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။
အန္အယ္လ္ဒီမွ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ႀကီး (၃) ဦးႏွင့္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္တို႔သည္

သီးျခားေတြ႔ဆုံစကားေျပာၾကားခြင့္ ရသည္ဟုလည္း ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္းက ေျပာသည္။
၎က “ဒီေန႔ သူတို႔ (၄) ေယာက္က သီးျခားစကားေျပာၾကတယ္လုိ႔ သိရပါတယ္။

က်ေနာ္သိသေလာက္ေတာ့ အန္ကယ္ဦးလြန္းတင္က ေဒၚစုရဲ႕ အခုရပ္တည္ခ်က္
ႏိုင္ငံေရးေဆာင္ရြက္ခ်က္အားလုံးကို ေထာက္ခံတယ္။ အဲဒီေတာ့ ဆက္လုပ္ပါလို႔
အားေပးခဲ့တယ္လို႔ သိရပါတယ္” ဟု ေျပာသည္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္အေနျဖင့္ ယခုကဲ့သို႔ အသက္အရြယ္ႀကီးသူ အန္အယ္လ္ဒီ

ေခါင္းေဆာင္ႀကီး (၃) ဦးအား ေတြ႔ဆုံကာ ဂါရ၀ျပဳရသည့္အတြက္ အင္မတန္
ေက်နပ္၀မ္းသာျဖစ္ေနသည္ဟု သိရေၾကာင္း ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္းက ေျပာသည္။
“ေဒၚစုက ျပန္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ သူေတာ္ေတာ္ေက်နပ္တယ္ဆိုတာ က်ေနာ္သိရတယ္။

ေနာက္ၿပီးေတာ့ လူႀကီးေတြကို သူမေတြ႔ရတာၾကာၿပီး ေတြ႔ရလို႔
အထူး၀မ္းေျမာက္၀မ္းသာရိွတယ္ဆိုတာ က်ေနာ္သိရပါတယ္” ဟု ၎က ေျပာသည္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ ႏို၀င္ဘာ (၁၁) ရက္တြင္ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီးသန္းေရႊထံ

ေပးပို႔သည့္စာတြင္ က်န္းမာေရးအရ မိမိတို႔ေနအိမ္အသီးသီးတြင္သာ ေနထိုင္လ်က္ရိွၾကေသာ

အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ဥကၠ႒ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ၊ အတြင္းေရးမႉး ဦးလြင္ႏွင့္ အလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔၀င္
ဦးလြန္းတင္တို႔ကို ၎တို႔ေနအိမ္အသီးသီးတြင္ သြားေရာက္ဂါရျပဳ ကန္ေတာ့လိုသည့္အတြက္
စီစဥ္ေဆာင္ရြက္ေပးပါရန္ ထည့္သြင္းေမတၱာရပ္ခံခဲ့သည္။
လြယ္ဂ်ယ္နယ္စပ္ဂိတ္က
ေငြေၾကးပိုမိုေတာင္းယူ
ေပါက္ေပါက္/ ၁၆ ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၂၀၀၉
http://www.khitpyaing.org/news/Dec09/161209b.php
တ႐ုတ္-ျမန္မာနယ္စပ္၊ ကခ်င္ျပည္နယ္ရိွ လြယ္ဂ်ယ္ နယ္စပ္ကုန္သြယ္ေရးစခန္း (နကသ)

ဂိတ္ႏွင့္ ဌာနဆိုင္ရာ စုေပါင္းဂိတ္က တပိုင္တႏိုင္ တ႐ုတ္ကုန္ပစၥည္းသယ္ယူေနမႈအေပၚ
ေငြေၾကးပိုမိုေကာက္ေန၍ ကားသမားႏွင့္ ကုန္သည္မ်ား ထိခိုက္နစ္နာကာ မေက်မနပ္
ျဖစ္ေနၾကသည္။
ဒီဇင္ဘာ (၁) ရက္က လြယ္ဂ်ယ္ နကသစခန္းသို႔ ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕လာသည့္ နကသဝန္ထမ္းမ်ားက

ယခင္ ဝန္ထမ္းမ်ားထက္ ပိုမိုဆုိး၀ါးစြာေငြေကာက္ခံေနေၾကာင္း ဗန္းေမာ္ကားသမားတဦးက
၎က “အဲဒီစခန္းမွာ နကသဝန္ထမ္းေတြ၊ အေကာက္ခြန္ေတြ၊ ရဲေတြ ထိုင္တယ္။ (၄) လတႀကိမ္

လူလဲတယ္။ အခုလဲလာတဲ့ သူေတြက ကားတစီးကို အနည္းဆံုး (၅ဝ,ဝဝဝ) ေလာက္ေပးမွ
ရတယ္။ အရင္က (၁ဝ,ဝဝဝ) ေလာက္ပဲ ေပးေနရတာ။ ဘယ္လိုမွ ေျပာလို႔၊ ဆိုလို႔မရဘူး။
မေပးခ်င္ရင္ မတင္နဲ႔ဆိုၿပီး ေမာက္ေမာက္မာမာ ေျပာေနတာ။ ၿပီးေတာ့ လြယ္ဂ်ယ္ကေန
ဗန္းေမာ္အထြက္ ဝင္းခန္းဂိတ္ဆိုတဲ့ေနရာက (၃ဝ,ဝဝဝ) ေပးရတယ္။ သူကေတာ့
ဗန္းေမာ္ကတက္လာတဲ့ ဌာနဆိုင္ရာ စုေပါင္းဂိတ္။ အဲဒီကလည္း ေလွ်ာ့ယူခိုင္းလို႔ကို မရဘူး” ဟု
လြယ္ဂ်ယ္-ဗန္းေမာ္ကားလိုင္းတြင္ ေျပးဆဲြေနသည့္ မွန္လံုကား၊ ဟိုင္းလတ္ကားမ်ားက

ကုန္ပစၥည္းပါမွသာ အျမတ္က်န္ႏိုင္သည့္အတြက္ ခရီးသည္ႏွင့္ကုန္မ်ားကိုပါ
တင္ေဆာင္ေနၾကၿပီး တ႐ုတ္ပစၥည္းမ်ားကို ဂိတ္မ်ားတြင္ ေငြေပးကာ တပိုင္တႏိုင္
သယ္ယူေနၾကျခင္းျဖစ္သည္ဟု အဆိုပါ ကားသမားက ေျပာသည္။
၎က “ကုန္သည္ဆီမွာ အရင္သယ္ခအတိုင္း ကိုယ္ကေတာင္းလို႔ မျဖစ္ေတာ့ဘူးေလ။

လြယ္ဂ်ယ္နားတင္ ေငြက (၈) ေသာင္းျပဳတ္သြားၿပီ။ ဗန္းေမာ္အဝင္ကို ရဲေတြကို
ေပးရတာကလည္း ရိွေသးတယ္။ ဆိုေတာ့ (၁) သိန္းေလာက္ကုန္တယ္။ ကိုယ္ရတာကလည္း
(၁) သိန္းေလာက္ဆိုေတာ့ ဘာမွမက်န္ေတာ့ဘူး” ဟု ေျပာသည္။

ဂိတ္မ်ားတြင္ေပးရသည့္ ေငြေၾကး ပိုလာသည့္အတြက္ ကုန္ပစၥည္း၏ အရင္းတန္ဖိုး
ျမင့္တက္လာကာ ေစ်းတင္ ေရာင္းခ်ေနရေသာေၾကာင့္ အေရာင္းအဝယ္ကိုပါ ထိခိုက္ေနသည္ဟု
ဗန္းေမာ္ကုန္သည္တဦးက ေျပာသည္၊
၎က “စားသံုးသူေတြက ေစ်းႏႈန္းကို ပံုမွန္လို တြက္ထားတာ။ တက္ရင္လည္း

နည္းနည္းပါးပါးဆို လက္ခံတယ္။ ကိုယ္က လမ္းမွာ ေပးရတဲ့စရိတ္ေတြ တက္လာ၊
ကိုယ့္ပစၥည္းကို ေစ်းတင္ေရာင္းရေတာ့ ဝယ္မယ့္လူလည္း လက္တြန္႔ကုန္တယ္။
အျမတ္နည္းသြားတာေပါ့။ အရင္က (၅၀၀) ေလာက္က်န္မယ့္ဟာ အခု (၁၀၀) ေလာက္
က်န္ေအာင္ မနည္းေရာင္းေနရတယ္။ အခုက အေရာင္းအဝယ္ေတြက အရမ္းပါးေနတာ။
လုပ္ရကိုင္ရ အေတာ္က်ပ္ေနၾကတယ္” ဟု ေျပာသည္။
တ႐ုတ္-ျမန္မာနယ္စပ္ လြယ္ဂ်ယ္ နကသ စခန္းတြင္ တရားဝင္ကုန္သြယ္မႈမွာ

အနည္းအက်ဥ္းသာရိွၿပီး ေမွာင္ခိုကုန္သြယ္မႈသာ အဓိကရိွေနသည္။
ဗန္းေမာ္ေဒသခံမ်ားက လြယ္ဂ်ယ္ၿမိဳ႕တဖက္ကမ္း၊ တ႐ုတ္ျပည္၊ က်န္းဖုန္းၿမိဳ႕မွ

တ႐ုတ္ကုန္ပစၥည္းမ်ားကို တပိုင္တႏိုင္ သယ္ယူကာ ဗန္းေမာ္ၿမိဳ႕တြင္ ေရာင္းခ်ေနၿပီး
ဗန္းေမာ္မွတဆင့္ ကခ်င္ျပည္နယ္ႏွင့္ စစ္ကိုင္းတိုင္းဘက္သို႔ ထပ္မံျဖန္႔ျဖဴးေနၾကသည္။
စီးပြားေရးပညာရွင္ စတစ္ဂလစ္
ေနျပည္ေတာ္တြင္ ေဆြးေႏြး
စိုးမိုး/ ၁၆ ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၂၀၀၉ http://www.khitpyaing.org/news/Dec09/161209c.php
စီးပြားေရး ႏိုဘယ္လ္ဆုရွင္ ပါေမာကၡ ဂ်ိဳးဇက္ စတစ္ဂလဇ္သည္ ယမန္ေန႔က စစ္အစုိုးရ

႐ုံုးစိုက္ရာ ေနျပည္ေတာ္သို႔ ေရာက္ရွိၿပီး စစ္အစိုးရအဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ား အပါအ၀င္ ျမန္မာ
စီးပြားေရးပညာရွင္မ်ားႏွင့္ ေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးသည္။
“ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ ဘာေတြ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲဖို႔ လိုအပ္တယ္ ဆိုတဲ့ဟာေတာ့ ထပ္ၿပီးေတာ့

မီးေမာင္းထိုးျပတယ္။ မီးေမာင္းထိုးျပတာကို နားေထာင္တဲ့သူက နားေထာင္တယ္ေပါ့။
ဒီအတိုင္းအတာထိကေတာ့ ေအာင္ျမင္တယ္လို႔ ဆိုႏိုင္ပါတယ္” ဟု စီးပြားေရးပညာရွင္
ဦးခင္ေမာင္ညိဳ (ေဘာဂေဗဒ) က ေျပာၾကားသည္။
ထူးထူးျခားျခား ကြဲျပားေသာ အေၾကာင္းအရာမ်ား မေတြ႔ရဘဲ အျခားေသာ ပညာရွင္မ်ား၏

ေဆြးေႏြးအႀကံျပဳခ်က္မ်ားကဲ့သို႔ပင္ ျဖစ္သည္ဟုလည္း ၎က ေျပာသည္။
ကိုလံဘီယာတကၠသိုလ္ ပါေမာကၡ ဂ်ိဳးဇက္စတစ္ဂလဇ္က ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံတြင္း ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတမႈ

ေလွ်ာ့ခ်ေရးႏွင့္ စီးပြားေရး ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးမႈဆိုင္ရာ မူဝါဒအတြက္ အႀကံျပဳသည့္အေနျဖင့္
လာေရာက္ျပဳလုပ္ေသာ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲရလဒ္အေနျဖင့္မူ ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ရမည့္အဆင့္တြင္သာ
ရွိသည္ဟု ရန္ကုန္ စီးပြားေရးပညာရွင္ အသိုင္းအ၀ိုင္းက သံုးသပ္သည္။

“အတိုင္းအတာ တခုအထိေတာ့ လုပ္ရမယ္ဆိုေတာ့ ဗမာျပည္ထဲမွာေနတဲ႔သူဆိုေတာ့
နည္းနည္းေတာ့ အေကာင္းျမင္တာေပါ့။ တခ်ဳိ႕ဟာေတြေတာ့ အားလံုးေတာ့ ျဖစ္လာမယ္
မထင္ပါဘူး။ ဆႏၵရွိတိုင္းလည္း လုပ္ႏိုင္တာမွ မဟုတ္တာ။ လုပ္ႏိုင္သေလာက္ေလး
လုပ္ေနရင္ေတာ့ မထူးဘူးေပါ့” ဟု ဦးခင္ေမာင္ညိဳက ေျပာသည္။
အခ်ိန္ကာလအေနျဖင့္ ၂၀၁၀ အကူးအေျပာင္းကာလ ျဖစ္ေနသျဖင့္ စစ္အစိုးရအေနျဖင့္

စီးပြားေရးအေျပာင္းအလဲ ကိစၥထက္ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအေျပာင္းအလဲကိစၥကိုသာ အာ႐ံုစိုက္
လုပ္ေဆာင္ေနႏိုင္ေၾကာင္း စီးပြားေရးပညာရွင္မ်ားက တင္ျပၾကသည္ဟုလည္း သိရသည္။
“အခ်ိန္အေနနဲ႔ ေျပာရရင္ေတာ့ အခုက စီးပြားေရး အေျပာင္းအလဲ ကိစၥဆိုေတာ့ ႏိုင္ငံေရးက

၂၀၁၀ ကူးေတာ့မယ္ဆိုေတာ့ ၂၀၁၀ မွာ ႏိုင္ငံေရးကိစၥေတြက အဓိက ဦးစားေပးအရာမ်ား
ျဖစ္ေနမလား ဆိုတာေတာ့ အဲဒါေလးတခုေတာ့ စိတ္ပူပါတယ္” ဟု ျမန္မာစီးပြားေရး
ပညာရွင္တဦးက ေျပာၾကားသည္။
ယခု ပါေမာကၡ ဂ်ိဳးဇက္ စတစ္ဂလဇ္၏ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံခရီးစဥ္ ျဖစ္ေျမာက္ေရးအတြက္ ကုလသမဂၢ

အာရွႏွင့္ ပစိဖိတ္ေဒသဆိုင္ရာ စီးပြားေရးႏွင့္လူမႈေရး ေကာ္မရွင္႐ုံး (ESCAP) က
စီစဥ္ခဲ့ျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။
ထားဝယ္ ေရနက္ဆိပ္ကမ္း စီမံကိန္းအတြက္

တရားဝင္ နယ္စပ္ဂိတ္သစ္ဖြင့္ရန္ ထုိင္းႀကဳိးပမ္း
ဝီရ / ၁၆ ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၂၀၀၉ http://www.khitpyaing.org/news/Dec09/161209f.php
ထားဝယ္ ေရနက္ဆိပ္ကမ္း စီမံကိန္း စတင္ရန္ႏွင့္ တနသၤာရီတုိင္းမွတဆင့္ နယ္စပ္ျဖတ္ေက်ာ္ၿပီး

ထုိင္းႏုိင္ငံ၊ တ႐ုတ္ႏုိင္ငံအထိ ကုန္းတြင္းပုိင္း သယ္ယူပုိ႔ေဆာင္ေရးအတြက္ ရည္ရြယ္၍ ထုိင္း-
ျမန္မာ နယ္စပ္ဂိတ္အသစ္မ်ား တရားဝင္ဖြင့္လွစ္ရန္ ထုိင္းအစုိးရက စီစဥ္ေနေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
ဖြင့္လွစ္ရန္ စီစဥ္ေနသည့္ ေနရာမ်ားအနက္ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံေတာင္ပုိင္းႏွင့္ ထိစပ္ေနသည့္

ကန္ခ်နဘူရီ - ထားဝယ္အစပ္ ေဟြ႔နမ္ေခါင္ဂိတ္၊ စင္းခြန္ဂိတ္တုိ႔လည္း ပါဝင္သည္။
ေဟြ႔နမ္ေခါင္နယ္စပ္ၿမဳိိ႕မွ ျမန္မာကုန္သည္တဦးက “ေဟြ႔နမ္ေခါင္နယ္စပ္ကေန ျမန္မာဘက္က

ထြက္တဲ့သစ္ေတာေတြ၊ ေရထြက္ပစၥည္းေတြကုိ ထုိင္းက လြယ္လြယ္ရသြားမယ္။ ထုိင္းဘက္က
ဒီနယ္စပ္ကုိ သုံးၿပီးေတာ့ ဘန္ေကာက္အနားက မဟာခ်ဳိင္ (စမြန္ဆခြန္) အထိ တုိက္႐ိုက္
လမ္းေဖာက္ဖုိ႔ရွိတယ္။ ေဒသခံျပည္သူေတြအတြက္က စက္႐ုံေတြ ထပ္ဖြင့္ရင္
အလုပ္အကုိင္အခြင့္အလမ္း ရႏုိင္ေပမယ့္ ေစ်းခ်ဳိတဲ့ျမန္မာအလုပ္သမားေတြရဲ႕ လုပ္အား
အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္တဲ့ ထုိင္းစက္႐ုံပုိင္ရွင္ေတြအတြက္ အက်ဳိးပုိရေစတာေပါ့။ အစုိးရနဲ႔ဆက္ႏႊယ္တဲ့
ျမန္မာ့စီးပြားေရးသမားေတြကလည္း ဒီေဒသက ထြက္တဲ့ သယံဇာတေတြ လုပ္ကုိင္ခြင့္ရမယ္။
ႏွစ္ႏုိင္ငံ အစုိးရအတြက္နဲ႔ သူတုိ႔လူေတြပဲ အက်ဳိးျဖစ္မွာပါ” ဟု ေျပာၾကားသည္။

တနသၤာရီတုိင္း၊ ထားဝယ္ၿမဳိ႕ ေမာင္းမကန္ကမ္းေျခအနီးတြင္ ေရနက္ဆိပ္ကမ္း
တည္ေဆာက္ရန္ႏွင့္ ဥေရာပႏွင့္ အေရွ႕အလယ္ပုိင္းေဒသတုိ႔မွ ကုန္စည္မ်ားကုိ
ထုိေရနက္ဆိပ္ကမ္းမွတဆင့္ နယ္စပ္ျဖတ္ေက်ာ္၍ လြယ္လင့္တကူ သယ္ယူပုိ႔ေဆာင္ေရး
စီမံခ်က္ အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ရန္ ထုိင္း-ျမန္မာ ႏွစ္ႏုိင္ငံအစုိးရတုိ႔က ၂၀၀၈ ခု ေမလတြင္
နားလည္မႈစာခြၽန္လႊာ ေရးထုိးခဲ့ၾကၿပီး ထုိင္းအစုိးရက ေဟြ႔နမ္ေခါင္နယ္စပ္ကုိ ျဖတ္၍ ကီလုိမီတာ
(၁၃၀) ရွည္လ်ားသည့္ ကားလမ္းေဖာက္လုပ္ရန္ သေဘာတူညီခဲ့ၾကသည္။
ေကအန္ယူ တပ္မဟာ (၄) ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ေဒသတခ်ဳိ႕ ပါဝင္သည့္ ေဟြ႔နမ္ေခါင္ နယ္စပ္ျဖတ္ေက်ာ္

ကားလမ္းႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ ထုိင္းအစုိးရက ေကအန္ယူအေပၚ ဖိအားေပးမႈ ရွိေနသကဲ့သုိ႔
အာရွလမ္းမႀကီး စီမံကိန္းသည္ ေကအန္ယူ၏ ေရွ႕ဆက္ ရပ္တည္ေရးအတြက္
အခက္အခဲျဖစ္ေစေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
ေကအန္ယူ ထိပ္ပုိင္းေခါင္းေဆာင္တဦီးက “ထုိင္းအစုိးရကေတာ့ အာရွလမ္းမႀကီးရဲ႕

လမ္းပုိင္းတခ်ဳိ႕မွာ ရွိတဲ့ေဒသေတြကုိ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေစခ်င္တယ္။ ဒါမွ ႏွစ္ႏုိင္ငံအစုိးရက အျမန္ဆုံး
အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ႏုိင္မယ္ေလ။ ထုိင္းအစုိးရက ေကအန္ယူကုိ တုိက္႐ုိက္ ဖိအားေပးတာေတြ
မရွိေပမယ့္ ဒီေဒသေတြ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းသာယာလာေအာင္ စစ္အစုိးရနဲ႔ သေဘာတူညီမႈ ရယူၿပီး
ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးတည္ေဆာက္ဖုိ႔ေတာ့ ေျပာတာေတြရွိတယ္။ ေကအန္ယူကလည္း
ႏွစ္ဦးႏွစ္ဖက္အတြက္ စစ္မွန္တဲ့ ရလဒ္ေကာင္းေတြအတြက္ ေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးေရးကုိ အၿမဲတမ္း
ႀကဳိဆုိေနပါတယ္။ ခက္တာက နအဖရဲ႕တလမ္းေမာင္း ေဆြးေႏြးေရးေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္တယ္။
အစစ္အမွန္ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးအတြက္ သူတုိ႔က မေဆြးေႏြးခ်င္ၾကဘူး” ဟု ေျပာသည္။
တရားဝင္ ထပ္ဖြင့္မည့္ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ ေတာင္ပုိင္းစြန္းရွိ စင္းခြန္နယ္စပ္ဂိတ္သည္

ေက်ာက္မီးေသြးႏွင့္ အျခားသဘာဝ သယံဇာတ ထြက္႐ွိရာျဖစ္၍ ထုိင္းအစုိးရက
ေဒသထြက္ပစၥည္းမ်ားကုိ အလြယ္တကူ တူးေဖာ္ႏုိင္ရန္၊ လုပ္ငန္းခြင္ ဖြင့္လွစ္ႏုိင္ရန္အတြက္
တရားဝင္ နယ္စပ္ဂိတ္အျဖစ္ စီစဥ္ေနျခင္းျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ထုိေကအန္ယူေခါင္းေဆာင္က ဆုိသည္။
၂၀၀၇ ခုႏွစ္ကတည္းက ျမန္မာအာဏာပုိင္တုိ႔ဘက္က ပိတ္ပစ္လုိက္သည့္

ဘုရားသုံးဆူနယ္စပ္ဂိတ္ကုိလည္း တရားဝင္ နယ္စပ္ဂိတ္အျဖစ္ ဖြင့္လွစ္ရန္ရွိၿပီး
ေဒသခံျမန္မာတုိ႔က အလုပ္အကုိင္ အခြင့္အေရးအခ်ဳိ႕ ရရွိရန္ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ေနၾကေၾကာင္း
ဘုရားသုံးဆူၿမဳိ႕ခံတဦးက “ႏွစ္ႏုိင္ငံ အာဏာပုိင္ေတြအတြက္က ဂိတ္ဖြင့္၊ မဖြင့္

သိပ္မထူးျခားဘူးေလ။ ဘာလုိ႔လဲဆုိေတာ့ ဂိတ္ႀကီးကုိသာ သူတုိ႔ပိတ္ထားၿပီး စစ္တပ္ကလည္း
သူတုိ႔ခုိးဖြင့္ထားတဲ့ ကုိယ္ပုိင္ဂိတ္ေတြ ရွိတယ္ေလ။ ရဲလည္း အဲဒီအတုိင္းပဲ။ တရားဝင္
ဖြင့္လုိက္ရင္ေတာ့ သာမန္ျပည္သူေတြအတြက္ သြားလာေရး ပုိေကာင္းလာမယ္။
ကုန္ပစၥည္းေတြကုိ ဒီထက္ေစ်းခ်ဳိတဲ့ႏႈန္းနဲ႔ ဝယ္ယူစားေသာက္ႏုိင္ၾကမယ္။ အလုပ္အကုိင္ေတြ
ပုိေပါလာမယ္လုိ႔ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ေနၾကတယ္” ဟု ေျပာသည္။
ဘုရားသုံးဆူနယ္စပ္တြင္ ေဒသခံ ျမန္မာအာဏာပုိင္တုိ႔အပါအဝင္ အပစ္ရပ္တုိင္းရင္းသားတုိ႔က

ဂိတ္ကုိယ္စီ ဖြင့္လွစ္လ်က္ရွိ၍ တရားဝင္ဂိတ္ ဖြင့္လွစ္လွ်င္ ၎တုိ႔အတြက္ ဝင္ေငြ
နည္းပါးသြားေစႏုိင္၍ နယ္စပ္ဂိတ္ကုိ တရားဝင္ ဖြင့္လွစ္ရန္ပင္ မႏွစ္ၿခဳိက္ၾကေၾကာင္း ထုိၿမဳိ႕ခံက
ဆက္လက္ေျပာၾကားသည္။
ထုိင္းကုန္သြယ္ေရးဝန္ႀကီးဌာနက ၂၀၁၀ ျပည့္ႏွစ္တြင္ တရားဝင္ဖြင့္လွစ္ရန္ ျပင္ဆင္ေနသည့္

နယ္စပ္ဂိတ္ (၄) ခုအနက္ မဲေဟာင္ေဆာင္-ရွမ္းျပည္နယ္အစပ္ ေဟြ႔တုံနန္ဂိတ္လည္း ပါဝင္ၿပီး
လက္ရွိ တရားဝင္ နယ္စပ္ဂိတ္ (၃) ဂိတ္မွာ တာခ်ီလိတ္၊ ျမဝတီ၊ ေကာ့ေသာင္းတုိ႔ျဖစ္သည္။
NEJ / ၁၇ ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၂၀၀၉
လာမည့္ (၂) ႏွစ္ သုိ႔မဟုတ္ (၃) ႏွစ္အတြင္း ျမန္မာ့သဘာ၀ဓာတ္ေငြ႔ အိႏၵိယသုိ႔

တင္ပုိ႔ႏုိင္ဖြယ္ရွိေၾကာင္း ဒီဇင္ဘာလ (၁) ရက္ေန႔၌ အိႏၵိယေန နအဖသံအမတ္
ဦးၾကည္သိန္းေျပာသည္ဟု အိႏၵိယသတင္းဌာနက ဒီဇင္ဘာလဆန္းပုိင္းက ေဖာ္ျပသည္။
အိႏၵိယအစုိးရေက်နပ္ေအာင္ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ခ်က္ေပးလုိက္ျခင္းျဖစ္၏။ ေရႊဓာတ္ေငြ႔ထုတ္လုပ္မႈတြင္
အိႏၵိယအစုိးရကုမၸဏီမ်ား ပါ၀င္ေနၿပီး အိႏၵိယအစုိးရက ေစ်းပုိေပးေသာ္လည္း နအဖစစ္အစုိးရက
တ႐ုတ္ကိုဦးစားေပးၿပီး ဓာတ္ေငြ႔ေရာင္းရန္ သေဘာတူ လုိက္သည္ကုိ ၾကည့္ျခင္းအားျဖင့္
ဗမာစစ္အုပ္စုႏွင့္ ဆက္ဆံရာတြင္ အိႏၵိယသည္ တ႐ုတ္ကုိ မမီသည္မွာ ထင္ရွား၏။ အိႏၵိယရွိ
သူပုန္အနည္းငယ္ကုိ တုိက္ခုိက္ေပးရန္ လူမုိက္ငွားသည့္အေနျဖင့္ ဗမာစစ္အုပ္စုကုိ
အိႏၵိယအစုိးရက လက္နက္ေရာင္းသည္။ အာဏာရွင္ႏွင့္ လက္တြဲႏုိင္ေအာင္ အိႏၵိယအစုိးရ
ႀကိဳးစားေနေသာ္လည္း လုိခ်င္သည္မ်ားကုိ မရႏုိင္ေသးပါ။
ဒီဇင္ဘာ (၁၁) ရက္ေန႔ ၾကပ္ေျပးေနျပည္ေတာ္တြင္ က်င္းပသည့္ ဘဂၤလားပင္လယ္ေကြ႔ေဒသ

စီးပြားေရး ပူးေပါင္း ေဆာင္ရြက္ေရးအဖြဲ႔ (Bimstec) (၁၂) ႀကိမ္ေျမာက္
ႏုိင္ငံျခား၀န္ႀကီးမ်ားအစည္းအေ၀း၌ အၾကမ္းဖက္သမားႏွင့္ သူပုန္ တုိက္ဖ်က္ေရးကုိ အဖြဲ႔၀င္ (၇)
ႏုိင္ငံျဖစ္ေသာ အိႏၵိယ-ျမန္မာ-ဘဂၤလားေဒ့ရွ္-ဘူတန္-နီေပါ-သီရိလကၤာႏွင့္ ထုိင္းအစုိးရတုိ႔က
သေဘာတူၾကသည္။ Bimstec အဖြဲ႔တြင္ ျမန္မာသည္ အခ်က္အခ်ာေနရာကုိ ရယူထားသျဖင့္
နအဖအစုိးရ အေရးပါေနသည္။ ၂၀၀၁ ခုႏွစ္၌တႀကိမ္၊ ၂၀၀၉ ခုႏွစ္၌တႀကိမ္ နအဖသည္
Bimstec အဖြဲ႔ဥကၠ႒ျဖစ္လာသည္။ အာဆီယံအဖြဲ႔တြင္မူ ဥကၠ႒ လုပ္ႏုိင္ရန္ အခြင့္အလမ္းမရေသး
(သုိ႔မဟုတ္) အရည္အခ်င္းမရွိေသးပါ။
လြန္ခဲ့ေသာ ႏုိ၀င္ဘာလ ကမာၻ႔ကုလသမဂၢအေထြေထြညီလာခံႀကီး၌ နအဖ၏

လူ႔အခြင့္အေရးခ်ဳိးဖ်က္မႈမ်ားကုိ ႐ႈတ္ခ်သည့္ ဆုံးျဖတ္ခ်က္ကုိ မဲခြဲရာ၌ အိႏၵိယအစုိးရက
ဆန္႔က်င္မဲေပးခဲ့သည္။ အိႏၵိယဒီမုိကေရစီအစုိးရ၏ ရပ္တည္ခ်က္သည္ တ႐ုတ္-
ေျမာက္ကုိရီးယား-ဆူဒန္-ဇင္ဘာေဘြ-အီရန္-လစ္ဗ်ား စသည္တုိ႔ႏွင့္
တထပ္တည္းျဖစ္ေနသည္မွာ အလြန္ရွက္ဖြယ္ ေကာင္းေသာ လုပ္ရပ္ျဖစ္သည္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ကုိ ဂုဏ္ထူးေဆာင္ဘြဲ႔ခ်ီးျမႇင့္၍ နအဖစစ္အုပ္စုကုိ စစ္လက္နက္
ေထာက္ပံ့သည္မွာ အိႏၵိယအစုိးရ၏ ျမန္မာျပည္ဆုိင္ရာ လမ္းစဥ္ျဖစ္သည္။

အိႏၵိယဒီမုိကေရစီအစိုးရႏွင့္ တ႐ုတ္ကြန္ျမဴနစ္အစုိးရတုိ႔သည္ ျမန္မာျပည္ဆုိင္ရာ သေဘာထား၌
တူညီေနသည္ကုိ ေတြ႔ရသည္။ ႏွစ္ဦးစလုံး ဗမာစစ္အစုိးရႏွင့္ ဆက္ဆံေရးေျပလည္ရန္
အဓိကထားၾက၏။ ေလာင္စာစြမ္းအင္မလုံေလာက္ေသာ တ႐ုတ္ႏွင့္ အိႏၵိယအတြက္
ျမန္မာ့သဘာ၀ဓာတ္ေငြ႔သည္ အဓိကအခန္းမွာ ပါ၀င္လာ၏။ အထူးသျဖင့္
ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္ကမ္းလြန္၌ သဘာ၀ ဓာတ္ေငြ႔တြင္း ထပ္မံေတြ႔ရွိလာသည့္အတြက္ ဗမာစစ္အစုိးရ
မၿငိဳျငင္ေရးကုိသာ အဓိကထားလာၾကပုံရသည္။ လြန္ခဲ့ေသာ ေအာက္တုိဘာက
အိႏၵိယစစ္ဦးစီးခ်ဳပ္ ဒီပက္ကပူးရ္ ၾကပ္ေျပးေနျပည္ေတာ္ကုိသြားၿပီး ၾကပ္ေျပးသန္းေရႊနဲ႔ေရာ
ၾကပ္ေျပး ေမာင္ေအးနဲ႔ပါ ေတြ႔ဆုံခဲ့သည္။ ျမန္မာ့အိမ္နီးခ်င္းႏုိင္ငံအားလုံးသည္ နအဖအစုိးရႏွင့္
ဆက္ဆံေရးအဆင္ေျပရန္ အဓိကထား ၾကသျဖင့္ အေနာက္တုိင္း၏ ဒဏ္ခတ္မႈကုိ
နအဖဂ႐ုမစုိက္ျခင္းျဖစ္၏။
နအဖစစ္အစုိးရသည္ အိႏၵိယႏွင့္တ႐ုတ္ကုိ မွ်မွ်တတဆက္ဆံေၾကာင္းျပသရန္

ႀကိဳးပမ္းေနပုံရသည္။ နအဖသည္ ႏွစ္ႏုိင္ငံစလုံးႏွင့္ အတတ္ႏုိင္ဆုံး ပူးေပါင္းေဆာင္ရြက္ေနသည္။
ျမန္မာျပည္သည္ အိႏၵိယႏွင့္တ႐ုတ္၏ လုံၿခံဳေရးကုိ အႏၲရာယ္မေပးႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း ျပသႏုိင္ရန္
ႀကိဳးစားေနပုံရ၏။ အိႏၵိယႏွင့္ တ႐ုတ္သည္လည္း ျမန္မာျပည္၌ ၿပိဳင္ဆုိင္မႈမလုပ္ဘဲ
ပူးတြဲေဆာင္ရြက္ၾကရန္သာ မူအားျဖင့္ သေဘာတူထားၾကသည္။ သုိ႔ေသာ္လည္း လက္ေတြ႔မွာမူ
ျမန္မာ့သဘာ၀ဓာတ္ေငြ႔ ရရွိရန္ႏွင့္ ျမန္မာျပည္ကုိ အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္ရန္အတြက္
အိႏၵိယႏွင့္တ႐ုတ္သည္ အၿပိဳင္အဆုိင္ ႀကိဳးပမ္းေနၾက၏။ ဒီအခ်က္ကုိ နအဖအစုိးရသည္
အခြင့္ေကာင္းယူေနပုံရ၏။
ေရႊသဘာ၀ဓာတ္ေငြ႔ ၀ယ္ယူခြင့္ရထားေသာ တ႐ုတ္သည္ ေက်ာက္ျဖဴ၌

ပင္လယ္ကူးသေဘၤာဆိပ္ကမ္း ေဆာက္လုပ္ေရးကုိပါ တာ၀န္ယူထားသည္။ အိႏၵိယသည္
ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္၌ ၀င္ခြင့္ရသည္မွာ မၾကာေသးပါ။ ၂၀၀၇ ခုႏွစ္ စက္တင္ဘာလ
သံဃာဦးေဆာင္ေသာ ဆႏၵျပပြဲ ရန္ကုန္မွာျဖစ္ပြားေနစဥ္ အိႏၵိယေရနံ၀န္ႀကီး
ၾကပ္ေျပးေနျပည္ေတာ္သုိ႔သြား၍ ေဒၚလာသန္း (၁၀၀) ေက်ာ္ ကုန္က်မည့္ ‘ကုလားတန္’
ျမစ္ေၾကာင္း ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးေရးစီမံကိန္း အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ရန္ သေဘာတူခ်က္ ရယူႏုိင္ခဲ့သည္။
စစ္ေတြ၌ ပင္လယ္ကူးသေဘၤာဆိပ္ကမ္း တည္ေဆာက္၍ ကုလားတန္ျမစ္ေၾကာင္းမွ

အိႏၵိယအေရွ႕ေျမာက္ေဒသကုိ ဆက္သြယ္ေရးႏွင့္ သဘာ၀ဓာတ္ေငြ႔ရွာေဖြေရးကုိ အိႏၵိယက
တာ၀န္ယူ အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ရန္ သေဘာတူခဲ့ၾက၏။ မီဇုိရမ္-အာသံ-မဏိပူ-နာဂ နဲ႔
အ႐ူးနားခ်ဲပရာဒရွ စသည့္ျပည္နယ္မ်ားကုိ ဆက္သြယ္ရာ၌ ဘဂၤလားေဒ့ရွ္ႏုိင္ငံကုိ ျဖတ္ခြင့္မရ၍
ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္မွတဆင့္ ဆက္သြယ္ရန္ အိႏၵိယအစုိးရက ‘ကုလားတန္’ စီမံကိန္းကုိ
အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ ဤေဒသေန အိႏၵိယတုိင္းရင္းသားမ်ားသည္ မ်ဳိးႏြယ္အရ
တ႐ုတ္-ျမန္မာႏွင့္ ပုိ၍နီးစပ္ေပသည္။
၎တုိ႔အထဲတြင္ အိႏၵိယလက္ေအာက္မွခြဲထြက္ရန္ လက္နက္ကုိင္ပုန္ကန္ေနသူမ်ားလည္းရွိ၏။

အိႏၵိယ-ျမန္မာနယ္စပ္ေန သူပုန္အုပ္စုအခ်ဳိ႕သည္ ျမန္မာဘက္၌ အေျခစုိက္စခန္းဖြင့္၍
အိႏၵိယဘက္သုိ႔ ၀င္ေရာက္တုိက္ခုိက္ေလ့ရွိေသာေၾကာင့္ အိႏၵိယႏွင့္နအဖစစ္တပ္

မၾကာခဏပူးတြဲစစ္ဆင္ေရးလုပ္၍ နယ္စပ္သူပုန္ကုိ တုိက္ေနရသည္။ ဒီအခ်က္ကုိ
အေၾကာင္းျပကာ အိႏၵိယအစုိးရသည္ နအဖအစုိးရကုိ စစ္လက္နက္ပစၥည္းေရာင္းခ်ေနျခင္းျဖစ္၏။
အိႏၵိယလုိခ်င္ေသာ ေလာင္စာစြမ္းအင္ ျမန္မာျပည္၌ရွိမႈ၊ အိႏၵိယသူပုန္ကုိ ျမန္မာစစ္တပ္က

တုိက္ေပးမႈ၊ ျမန္မာျပည္ကုိျဖတ္၍ တ႐ုတ္၊ အေရွ႕ေတာင္အာရွႏွင့္ ကုန္သြယ္လုိမႈ
စသည့္အေၾကာင္း (၃) ခုေၾကာင့္ အိႏၵိယအစုိးရသည္ ျမန္မာ့ဒီမုိကေရစီအေရးကုိ အားမေပးရန္
ဆုံးျဖတ္ဟန္တူသည္။ ျမန္မာ့ဒီမုိကေရစီအေရးသည္ ျမန္မာျပည္သားမ်ား၏ ကိစၥျဖစ္၍
သူတုိ႔ဘာသာ ႀကိဳးပမ္းရလိမ့္မယ္ဟူ၍ အိႏၵိယ၀န္ႀကီးမ်ား မၾကာခဏ ေျပာ၏။
အိႏၵိယထက္တပန္းသာသည့္ကိစၥမွာ တ႐ုတ္သည္ နအဖကုိ ကုလသမဂၢ၌
အကာအကြယ္ေပးႏုိင္ျခင္းျဖစ္၏။ လုံၿခံဳေရးေကာင္စီ၌ နအဖအစုိးရကုိ အေရးယူရန္စီစဥ္တုိင္း
တ႐ုတ္က ဗီတုိအာဏာျဖင့္ ပယ္ခ်သည္။ အိႏၵိယသည္ လုံၿခံဳေရးေကာင္စီ၌
အၿမဲတမ္းအဖြဲ႔၀င္ျဖစ္ေအာင္ ႀကိဳးစားေန၏။
အိႏၵိယႏွင့္ ပူးတြဲေဆာင္ရြက္မႈမ်ားလာေလေလ တ႐ုတ္ကုိ မွီခုိမႈ နည္းပါးလာေလေလဟု

ေျပာၾကေသာ္လည္း တ႐ုတ္-ျမန္မာစီးပြားေရးသည္ အိႏၵိယ-ျမန္မာစီးပြားေရးထက္
အဆေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ႀကီးမားသည့္အတြက္ တ႐ုတ္ကုိ တန္ျပန္ႏုိင္မည္ မဟုတ္ေပ။ ျမန္မာျပည္၌
တ႐ုတ္ဦးေရ တုိးပြားသကဲ့သုိ႔ အိႏၵိယဦးေရလည္း တုိးပြားလာႏုိင္သည္။ အိႏၵိယလူဦးေရသည္
သန္း (၁,၁၀၀) ေက်ာ္ေနၿပီး ေနာက္အႏွစ္ (၃၀) တြင္ တ႐ုတ္ထက္ မ်ားလိမ့္မည္ဟု
ခန္႔မွန္းၾကသည္။ နအဖသည္ သဘာ၀ဓာတ္ေငြ႔ အားကုိးေသာ အစုိးရျဖစ္လာသည္။
သဘာ၀ဓာတ္ေငြ႔မွ ၀င္ေငြမရႏုိင္ေတာ့သည့္ အေျခအေနကုိ ရင္ဆုိင္လာရမွသာ ျမန္မာစစ္
အစုိးရသည္ ျပည္ပဖိအားေပးမႈကုိ ဂ႐ုစုိက္လာလိမ့္မည္ဟု ယူဆသူမ်ားရွိသည္။
မိမိအက်ဳိးစီးပြားတခုတည္းကုိသာၾကည့္၍ ျမန္္မာစစ္တပ္ကိုေပးေသာ လက္နက္ခဲယမ္းမ်ား

အိႏၵိယသူပုန္လက္ထဲမေရာက္ဟု မေျပာႏုိင္ပါ။ အိႏၵိယ-ျမန္မာနယ္စပ္သည္
လက္နက္ေမွာင္ခုိေရာင္း၀ယ္ရာ ေနရာျဖစ္သည္။ အိႏၵိယအစုိးရက နအဖကုိ
လက္နက္တင္ပုိ႔ေနစဥ္ ျမန္မာျပည္မွလက္နက္မ်ား အိႏၵိယသူပုန္လက္ထဲကုိ ေရာက္သြားသည္မွာ
ကုိယ့္႐ူးကုိယ္ပတ္ေသာ ဇာတ္လမ္းပင္ျဖစ္သည္။ အိႏၵိယျပည္၏ အေရွ႕ေျမာက္ပုိင္းေဒသတြင္
ျပည္နယ္ (၈) နယ္ရွိၿပီး စုစုေပါင္း လူဦးေရ သန္း (၄၀) နီးပါးရွိသည္။
ဤေဒသႏွင့္ ထိေတြ႔ေသာ ႏုိင္ငံမ်ားသည္ ဘဂၤလားေဒ့ရွ္၊ ဘူတန္၊ နီေပါ၊ တ႐ုတ္ႏွင့္ ျမန္မာျဖစ္၏။

ဤေဒသႏွင့္ အိႏၵိယျပည္မ ဆက္သြယ္သည့္ ကုန္းလမ္းသည္ (၁၄) မုိင္သာ က်ယ္၀န္းသည္။
ဤအထဲတြင္ ျပည္နယ္ (၄) ျပည္နယ္သည္ ျမန္မာျပည္ႏွင့္ ဆက္ေနသည္။ အ႐ူးနားခ်ဲပရာဒရွ္၊
နာဂ၊ မဏိပူႏွင့္ မီဇုိရမ္ျပည္နယ္မ်ားသည္ ျမန္မာႏွင့္ နယ္စပ္ခ်င္း ဆက္ေန၏။ မဏိပူ၌ လူဦးေရ
(၂) သန္းနီးပါးရွိၿပီး နာဂ၊ မီဇုိရမ္နဲ႔ အ႐ူးနားခ်ဲပရာဒရွ္၌ တသန္းစီရွိ၍ ျပည္နယ္ (၄) ခုေပါင္း
လူဦးေရ (၅) သန္းခန္႔ရွိၿပီး အာသံျပည္နယ္၌ (၂၂) သန္းရွိသည္။
နာဂျပည္နယ္၌ ေရနံႏွင့္သဘာ၀ဓာတ္ေငြ႔ရွိသည္။ သုိ႔ေသာ္ လက္နက္ကုိင္လႈပ္ရွားမႈေၾကာင့္

ေရနံစီမံကိန္း ေရႊ႕ဆုိင္းထားရသည္။ ေရနံစီမံကိန္းျပန္စႏုိင္ရန္ အိႏၵိယအစုိးရက
စစ္ဆင္ေနပုံရသည္။ နာဂျပည္သူမ်ား၏ သေဘာတူခ်က္မပါဘဲ ေရနံထုတ္ယူခြင့္ မရွိဟု

နဂသူပုန္က ေၾကညာထားသည္။ အာသံျပည္နယ္၌လည္း ေရနံနဲ႔ဓာတ္ေငြပုိက္လုိင္းကုိ သူပုန္က
မၾကာခဏ ဖ်က္ဆီးသည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ဗမာစစ္အစုိးရကုိ အားကုိးေနပုံရသည္။ သုိ႔ေသာ္လည္း
အာသံလြတ္ေျမာက္ေရးတပ္ဦး (ULFA) ၏ တပ္ရင္းတရင္း ျမန္မာျပည္တြင္ ႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ
ခုိလႈံေနေၾကာင္း အာသံသူပုန္ (၂) ဦးက ထြက္ဆုိသည္ဟု အိႏၵိယသတင္းစာ တေစာင္က
ဒီဇင္ဘာလအေစာပုိင္း၌ ေဖာ္ျပသည္။ ဤအခ်က္ကုိ ၾကည့္ျခင္းျဖင့္ ျမန္မာစစ္အုပ္စုႏွင့္
လက္တြဲစစ္ဆင္႐ုံျဖင့္ သူပုန္နိဂုံးခ်ဳပ္မည္ဟု အိႏၵိယအစုိးရက ယုံၾကည္ေနျခင္းသည္
ယုတၱိမရွိေသာ အယူအဆပင္ျဖစ္ေပသည္။

ဂါမဏိ
၁၆ ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၂၀၀၉ http://www.khitpyaing.org/articles/Dec09/161209a.php
“အေမရိကန္၊ ႐ုရွား၊ တ႐ုတ္တို႔ဆီမွာ အဏုျမဴလက္နက္ရွိတယ္။ ငါတို႔မွာလည္း

ဘိန္းျဖဴလက္နက္ရွိတယ္”
ဒီစကားကေတာ့ ၁၉၈၀ ခုႏွစ္မ်ားနဲ႔ ၁၉၉၀ ခုႏွစ္မ်ားတုန္းက (ယာမ စိတ္ႂကြေဆး ေခတ္မစားခင္)
မဆလ-နဝတ-နအဖ စစ္ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေတြ ခိုးေၾကာင္ခိုးဝွက္နဲ႔ ဂုဏ္ယူဝင့္ႂကြား
ဟစ္ေႂကြးခဲ့တဲ့စကားျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီစကားအတိုင္း ထိုင္း-အာဆီယံ-
အေမရိကန္တို႔ကိုတိုက္ဖို႔ ဘိန္းျဖဴထုတ္လုပ္တင္ပို႔ေရးကို
ဗမာစစ္အာဏာရွင္ေတြက ေနာက္ကြယ္က အခိုင္အမာ အားေပးခဲ့ပါတယ္။
၁၉၉၀-၉၁ တုန္းကလည္း ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေမာင္ေအးဟာ အေမရိကန္ကို
မူးယစ္ေဆးလက္နက္နဲ႔ တုိက္ရမယ္ဆိုတဲ့ လမ္းၫႊန္ခ်က္ကို အသစ္တဖန္
ျပန္ခ်ေပးခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ဒီရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္နဲ႔ပဲ ခြန္ဆာကို ေမြးခဲ့တာျဖစ္ပါတယ္ (ကြန္ျမဴနစ္နဲ႔

တိုင္းရင္းသားသူပုန္ေတြကို စစ္တပ္ကိုယ္စား တိုက္ေပးဖို႔
ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္လည္းပါခဲ့တယ္)။ လက္ရွိ နအဖ ဒု-ဥကၠ႒ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေမာင္ေအး
အပါအဝင္ ရပခတိုင္းမႉးေတြကို ခြန္ဆာက ႏွစ္စဥ္ေၾကး ပံုမွန္သြင္းခဲ့ရၿပီး
စာအဆက္အသြယ္ အၿမဲရွိခဲ့ပါတယ္။ စီးပြားေရးကိစၥေတြ၊
တိုင္းရင္းသားသူပုန္သတင္း၊ ဗကပသတင္းေတြ၊ စစ္ဆင္ေရးသတင္းေတြ ဖလွယ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ဟိုတုန္းက ေငြတန္ဖိုးနဲ႔ တႏွစ္ကို အနည္းဆံုး က်ပ္သိန္း (၃,၀၀၀) ေလာက္ သြင္းေပးခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ကေတာ္ေတြအတြက္ ယိုးဒယားပစၥည္းလက္ေဆာင္ေတြကေတာ့ ေျပာစရာကို မလိုေတာ့ပါ။
ဒါ့အျပင္ ခြန္ဆာဟာ ၈၈ ခုႏွစ္ နဝတ အာဏာသိမ္းစ ဘ႑ာေရးအက်ပ္ဆိုက္ေနခ်ိန္၊
ႏိုင္ငံတကာကလည္း ေငြေၾကးအေထာက္အကူ ျဖတ္ေတာက္ထားခ်ိန္မွာလည္း က်ပ္ေငြေရာ
ေဒၚလာေငြပါ ေထာက္ပံ့ေခ်းငွားေပးတာေတြ လုပ္ခဲ့လို႔ နဝတ အသက္႐ွဴေပါက္ရသြားခဲ့တာ

ေနာက္ပိုင္းမွာေတာ့ ခြန္ဆာဟာ မူးယစ္ဂိုဏ္းပီပီသသ မေနေတာ့ဘဲ ရွမ္းျပည္လြတ္လပ္ေရးေတြ၊
အမ်ဳိးသားေရးေတြ ဝင္ေယာင္လာလို႔တေၾကာင္း၊ နဝတအဖို႔
အေရွ႕ေျမာက္အပစ္ရပ္အဖြဲ႔ႀကီးေတြနဲ႔ စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ရတာ
ပိုတြက္ေျခကိုက္လာတဲ့အတြက္တေၾကာင္း၊ နဝတဟာ ခြန္ဆာရဲ႕ အမ္တီေအတပ္ေတြကို
အေလးအနက္ စစ္ဆင္ေရးလုပ္ အျပဳတ္ျဖဳတ္ခဲ့ရပါတယ္။
ဒီလိုနဲ႔ စစ္ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေတြဟာ မူးယစ္ေဆးကုမၸဏီသစ္ေတြကို ထူေထာင္လည္ပတ္လာခဲ့ပါတယ္။

အပစ္ရပ္အဖြဲ႔ေတြကို မူးယစ္ေဆးလုပ္ငန္းထဲနစ္ေအာင္ တျခားစီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းေတြ ပိတ္ဆို႔၊
ဖိအားေတြ မက္လံုး ဆြယ္လံုးေတြ ေပးခဲ့ပါတယ္။ နံပါတ္ (၃)၊ နံပါတ္ (၄)၊
ယားမစိတ္ႂကြေဆးေတြကို ျပည္ပေစ်းကြက္အတြက္ပဲ ထုတ္လုပ္ဖို႔၊ ျပည္တြင္းေစ်းကြက္မွာ
မျဖန္႔ဖို႔အတြက္ မူးယစ္ေဆးထုတ္လုပ္သူေတြ၊ မူးယစ္ေဆးကုန္သည္ေတြကို နဝတ
ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးေတြ၊ တိုင္းမႉးေတြ၊ တိုင္းစစ္ဌာနခ်ဳပ္ ဂ်ီ-ဝမ္း၊ ဂ်ီ-တူး (စစ္ဦးစီးအရာရွိ
ပထမဆင့္နဲ႔ ဒုတိယဆင့္) ေတြက ကိုယ္တိုင္ကိုယ္က် ေခၚေျပာခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ဆက္ေၾကးမွန္မွန္ေပးဖို႔နဲ႔ ရွယ္ယာပါရဖို႔လည္း ညိႇတာကေတာ့ ထည့္ေျပာစရာလိုမယ္မထင္ပါ။
ဒါေပမယ့္ စစ္အုပ္စုဟာ ဘယ္သူေတေတ ငေတမာၿပီးေရာသမားေတြျဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ အဲဒီ

‘အိတ္စ္ပို႔ေပၚလစီ’ ကိုလည္း သူတို႔အထဲကပဲ ျပန္ေဖာက္ဖ်က္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။
နအဖေထာက္လွမ္းေရးေတြ၊ ဗ်ဴဟာ-တပ္မ-တိုင္းစစ္ဌာနခ်ဳပ္အဆင့္ အရာရွိေတြ ဦးစီးၿပီး
စစ္တပ္လက္ေဝခံ မူးယစ္ေဆးကုန္သည္ေတြ လက္လီလက္ကားသမားေတြကို ရွမ္းျပည္၊
ကယားျပည္၊ ကခ်င္ျပည္၊ မႏၲေလး၊ ရန္ကုန္တို႔မွာ ေစ်းကြက္ေတြ ဖြင့္ခိုင္းခဲ့ၾကပါတယ္။
ဘိန္းဖိုေတြ၊ ယာမစက္႐ံုေတြဟာ နယ္ေျမခံ တပ္ရင္းမႉး၊ ဗ်ဴဟာမႉး၊ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးတို႔ကို

ပံုမွန္ဆက္ေၾကး ေပးရ႐ံုတင္မက တိုင္းမႉးအထိပါ ေပးရပါတယ္။ တခ်ဳိ႕ကလည္း တိုင္းမႉးကို
ခြဲမေပးခ်င္လို႔ ဗ်ဴဟာမႉး၊ ရင္းမႉးေလာက္နဲ႔ပဲ လွ်ဳိ႕ဝွက္လုပ္တာေတြ ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒီထက္နိမ့္တဲ့
ဗိုလ္ႀကီး၊ ဗိုလ္မႉးေတြကေတာ့ မူးယစ္ေဆးခ်ိန္ မူးယစ္ေဆး၊ ဆုိင္ကယ္ခ်ိန္ ဆိုင္ကယ္၊
ဝစ္ေသာက္ကားခ်ိန္ ဝစ္ေသာက္ကား၊ ေက်ာက္စိမ္းခ်ိန္ ေက်ာက္စိမ္း စတဲ့
ကယ္ရီလုပ္ငန္းေတြနဲ႔ပဲ ရပ္တည္ေနၾကပါေတာ့တယ္။ ကုန္ကုန္ေျပာရရင္ ဘီယာ၊
အခ်ဳိမႈန္႔ေတာင္ ကယ္ရီလုပ္ေပးပါေသးတယ္။
ရဲဘက္စခန္းမွာ ေသစာရင္းျပလိုက္တဲ့ အက်ဥ္းသားေလာပန္းေတြကိုလည္း စစ္ဗိုလ္ေတြကပဲ

အိမ္အေရာက္ ကယ္ရီလုပ္ ပို႔ေဆာင္ေပးပါေသးတယ္။ စစ္တပ္ကို အသိမေပးဘဲ လုပ္ေနတဲ့
မူးယစ္ေဆးကုန္သည္ေတြ၊ စက္႐ံုေတြကေတာ့ ဖမ္းဆီးခံ၊ သိမ္းဆည္းခံၾကရပါတယ္။
နယ္ေျမခံေထာက္လွမ္းေရး တပ္ၾကပ္ (၂) ရစ္ေလာက္ကို လိုင္းေၾကးေပးတဲ့ ရပ္ကြက္တြင္း
လက္လီသမားေတာင္ အဖမ္းမခံရပါဘူး။ ဒါေပမယ့္ အထက္က စီမံခ်က္လာရင္ေတာ့
ဒီလက္လီသမားေတြကို နယ္ေျမခံေထာက္လွမ္းေရးက မကယ္ႏိုင္ေတာ့ပါဘူး။ ဆင္ႀကီးေတြ
လႊတ္ေပးၿပီး ျခင္ကေလးေတြ အဖမ္းျပတာ စစ္အာဏာရွင္ေခတ္ရဲ႕ လုပ္႐ိုးလုပ္စဥ္ပါပဲ။
ဒါေတြဟာ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ခင္ၫြန္႔နဲ႔ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးယႏၲရားႀကီး ရွိတုန္းကေရာ၊ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ခင္ၫြန္႔
ျပဳတ္ၿပီးေနာက္မွာေရာ အေျပာင္းအလဲမရွိ တသမတ္တည္း ျဖစ္ေပၚထြန္းကားေနတာ

တဘက္ကၾကည့္တဲ့အခါ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးအဖြဲ႔ႀကီးေတြဟာ လူအ,ေတြ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ လက္နက္ကိုင္
တိုက္ေနတဲ့ ေခတ္ကတည္းက တ႐ုတ္ဘာသာနဲ႔လႊင့္တဲ့ ဘီဘီစီ၊ ဗြီအိုေအကို
နားေထာင္ခဲ့သူေတြျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ (ဗကပကို ပုန္ကန္အာဏာသိမ္းတုန္းက
ေသြးထြက္သံယိုမရွိေအာင္ အထူးဂ႐ုစိုက္ခဲ့သူေတြျဖစ္ပါတယ္။) ဒီကေန႔ ကမာၻ႔ေရစီးေၾကာင္းကို
နားလည္သေဘာေပါက္သူေတြ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ကမာၻမွာ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးနဲ႔ ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးေရးေခတ္စားလာတာ၊
မူးယစ္ေဆးျပႆနာကို လူသားအားလံုးက ႐ႈတ္ခ်ဝိုင္းပယ္လာတာ စတဲ့
ပင္မေရစီးေၾကာင္းေတြကို ကိုယ့္ေဒသ၊ ကိုယ့္အဖြဲ႔အစည္းအေနအထားနဲ႔
ကိုက္ညီသဟဇာတျဖစ္ေအာင္ လုပ္ဖို႔လိုအပ္ခ်က္ကို ေကာင္းေကာင္းသေဘာေပါက္လာသူေတြ
ၿငိမ္းအဖြဲ႔ႀကီးေတြဟာ ရာစုႏွစ္နဲ႔ခ်ီ အျမစ္တြယ္လာတဲ့ မူးယစ္ေဆးျပႆနာကို ေျဖရွင္းဖို႔
တတ္ႏိုင္သမွ် တျခား ေကာင္းေရာင္းေကာင္းဝယ္ေရာ၊ မူးယစ္ေဆးမဟုတ္တဲ့
တျခားမေကာင္းေရာင္း မေကာင္းဝယ္ေတြပါ အမ်ဳိးမ်ဳိးျဖန္႔ခြဲ diversify လုပ္ၿပီး
အဖြဲ႔အစည္းရပ္တည္ေရး၊ ေဒသဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးေရး၊ တဦးခ်င္းစီးပြားေရးေတြအတြက္ လံုးပန္းေနတာ
ျမန္မာျပည္တျပည္လံုး မ်က္ျမင္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ဒါေၾကာင့္ မူးယစ္ေဆးပေပ်ာက္ေရးေတြကို ႏွစ္ကာလသတ္မွတ္ၿပီး ျပတ္ျပတ္သားသား

ေဆာင္ရြက္ခဲ့ၾကသလို ဘိန္းတပင္ေတြ႔ရင္ ေခါင္းျဖတ္သြားပါလို႔ေတာင္ ရဲရဲႀကီး
အာမခံခဲ့ၾကပါတယ္။ ကုလသမဂၢအဖြဲ႔အစည္းေတြ၊ အန္ဂ်ီအိုေတြကို ၿငိမ္းေဒသအတြင္း
အခ်ိန္မေရြး တံခါးမရွိ ဓားမရွိ ဝင္ထြက္စစ္ေဆးခြင့္ျပဳခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဒါမ်ဳိး အကန္႔အသတ္မရွိ
စစ္ေဆးခြင့္ကို နအဖအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္တဲ့ ေဒသေတြမွာ မရပါဘူး။
ဒါေပမယ့္ UNODC လို႔ေခၚတဲ့ ကုလသမဂၢ မူးယစ္ေဆးဝါးႏွင့္ ရာဇဝတ္မႈဆိုင္ရာ႐ံုးကေတာ့

ျမန္မာျပည္ရဲ႕ မူးယစ္ေဆးျပႆနာမွာ နအဖစစ္အုပ္စုရဲ႕ အခန္းက႑ကို ေရငံုႏႈတ္ပိတ္ေနၿပီး
ၿငိမ္းအဖြဲ႔ေတြကို အျပစ္ပံုခ်ေနပါတယ္။ ႏိုဝင္ဘာ (၂၆) ရက္ေန႔မွာ ကုလမူးယစ္နဲ႔ ရာဇဝတ္႐ံုးရဲ႕
အာရွ-ပစိဖိတ္ဆိုင္ရာ ကိုယ္စားလွယ္ဆိုသူ ဂယ္ရီလူးဝစၥက ျမန္မာျပည္က
တိုင္းရင္းသားလက္နက္ကိုင္အဖြဲ႔ေတြဟာ အနာဂတ္မေရရာတဲ့အတြက္ မူးယစ္ေဆးဝါးေတြ
အႀကီးအက်ယ္ ထုတ္လုပ္ေရာင္းခ်ၿပီး ေငြစုေနတယ္လို႔ စြပ္စြဲခဲ့ပါတယ္။ အဲဒီေန႔မွာ
သူတို႔ထုတ္ျပန္လိုက္တဲ့ ၂၀၀၉ ခု အေရွ႕အာရွနဲ႔ အေရွ႕ေတာင္အာရွဆုိင္ရာ
စိတ္ႂကြေဆးအလားအလာနဲ႔ ပံုစံမ်ား အစီရင္ခံစာမွာ စိတ္ႂကြေဆးေတြကို အဓိကအားျဖင့္
ကိုးကန္႔နဲ႔ ဝ အပစ္ရပ္နယ္ေျမေတြမွာ ထုတ္လုပ္ေနတယ္လို႔ ဆိုထားပါတယ္။ ဇြန္လက
ထုတ္ျပန္တဲ့ ၂၀၀၉ ခု ကမာၻ႔မူးယစ္ ေဆးအစီရင္ခံစာမွာလည္း ဝ
ျပည္ေသြးစည္းညီၫြတ္ေရးတပ္မေတာ္ (ဝ ၿငိမ္းအဖြဲ႔)၊ ကိုးကန္႔ၿငိမ္းအဖြဲ႔နဲ႔ ရွမ္းျပည္တပ္မေတာ္
(ေတာင္ပိုင္း) တို႔ဟာ ယာမစိတ္ႂကြေဆး ထုတ္လုပ္ေရးကို အဓိက ေဆာင္ရြက္ေနတယ္လို႔
စြပ္စြဲခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ဒါေပမယ့္ နအဖစစ္အစိုးရက တိုက္႐ိုက္နဲ႔ အႂကြင္းမဲ့ခ်ဳပ္ကိုင္ထားတဲ့ အၿပီးအပိုင္

လက္နက္ခ်တျဖစ္လည္း ျပည္သူ႔စစ္အဖြဲ႔ေတြကိုေတာ့ တခြန္းမွ ေျပာမထားပါဘူး။ တကယ္ေတာ့
ဒီအဖြဲ႔ေတြဟာ လံုးဝရာႏႈန္းျပည့္ နအဖခ်ဳပ္ကိုင္မႈေအာက္မွာ နံပါတ္ (၃)၊ နံပတ္ (၄)၊
ယာမေတြကို လြတ္လြတ္လပ္လပ္ ထုတ္လုပ္ေနၾကတာ ရွမ္းျပည္က ေဒသခံေတြ
အားလံုးအသိျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဥပမာျပရရင္ ခြန္ဆာအဖြဲ႔က အႂကြင္းမဲ့ လက္နက္ခ်ခဲ့ၿပီးေနာက္
နအဖက အထူးဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးေရးေဒသေတြ သတ္မွတ္ေပးၿပီး ျပည္သူ႔စစ္ သို႔မဟုတ္ သကဆဖ
(ေသာင္းက်န္းသူဆန္႔က်င္ေရးအဖြဲ႔) အျဖစ္ ခန္႔အပ္ေပးထားတဲ့ ဟိုမိန္းအေျခစိုက္
မဟာဂ်ာဦးစီးအဖြဲ႔၊ နား႐ိုင္းအေျခစိုက္ လီခ်န္ဦးစီးအဖြဲ႔၊ မတ္က်န္း (နမ့္စန္) အေျခစိုက္
လင္းဆုိင္ဦးစီးအဖြဲ႔ေတြဟာ ရပခကို တႏွစ္ သိန္း (၄,၀၀၀) စီ ဆက္ေၾကးသြင္းၿပီး ဘိန္းဝါ၊
ဘိန္းျဖဴ၊ ယာမ ႀကိဳက္သလို ထုတ္ေနၾကပါတယ္။ (မဟာဂ်ာကိုယ္တိုင္က ဘိန္းမည္းစြဲေန
႐ွဴေနပါတယ္။) ဒီအဖြဲ႔ေတြဟာ ဘိန္းၿခံေတြ ေပါင္းရွင္းဖို႔၊ ဘိန္းေစးျခစ္ဖို႔အတြက္
ၿခံအလုပ္သမားေတြကို တလ က်ပ္ (၅) ေသာင္းေပးမယ္လို႔ ေလာ္စပီကာနဲ႔ ေတာင္ႀကီးၿမိဳ႕ထဲ
လွည့္ေအာ္ငွားတဲ့အထိ ေျဗာင္က်က် လုပ္ေနတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ခြန္ဆာအဖြဲ႔ဝင္ေဟာင္းလည္းမဟုတ္၊ ျပည္သူ႔စစ္လည္းမဟုတ္တဲ့ ပုဂၢလိကေလာပန္းေတြ

ဦးစီးလုပ္ေနတဲ့ ဖိုေတြ၊ စက္႐ံုေတြလည္း ရပခ သို႔မဟုတ္ သက္ဆိုင္ရာ ဗ်ဴဟာ၊ တပ္ရင္းေတြကို
ႏွစ္စဥ္ေၾကးသြင္းၿပီး လုပ္ေနတာ ကြန္ဟိန္းနယ္ ကာလိ၊ ပင္ေလာင္းနယ္ ထီဘြာ၊ ဖယ္ခံုနယ္
လအိလတိန္၊ ဆီဆိုင္နယ္ မဲနယ္ေတာင္ လြယ္ေမာေတာင္ စတဲ့ေနရာေတြမွာ ရွိေနပါတယ္။
ဒါေတြဟာ ကိုးကန္႔၊ ဝတို႔နဲ႔ ဘာမွမဆိုင္ဘဲ နအဖနယ္ေျမသက္သက္ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ရလလဖ
ပအိုဝ္းၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးအဖြဲ႔ရဲ႕ ဝါရင့္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ တာကလယ္ကို ျဖဳတ္ခ်အာဏာသိမ္းခဲ့တဲ့
ခ်စ္ေမာင္ဟာ အာဏာရၿပီးတဲ့အခါ ရပခတိုင္းမႉး၊ ဆီဆိုင္က စကခ-၇ ဗ်ဴဟာမႉး၊ ဘန္းယဥ္က
ခမရ (၄၂၅) နဲ႔ (၄၂၆) ရင္းမႉးတို႔ကို ဆက္ေၾကး စုစုေပါင္း တႏွစ္ သိန္း (၁,၀၀၀) သြင္းၿပီး
လြယ္ေမာခြင္၊ ဟိုနမ္းခြင္နဲ႔ ဘန္းမတ္ခြင္ေတြမွာ ဘိန္းဖိုေတြ တည္ခဲ့တာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ဆက္ေၾကးေပး႐ံုတင္မက အစုရွယ္ယာေတြပါ လက္ခံေပးခဲ့ရပါတယ္။ (ၿမိဳ႕ေပၚက အႏွိပ္ခန္းေတြ၊
ကာရာအိုေကခန္းေတြမွာ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးနဲ႔ စစ္တပ္က ရွယ္ယာဝင္သလိုမ်ဳိးပါပဲ။) အခ်င္းခ်င္း
အေဝမတည့္ရာက ၂၀၀၇ ဇူလိုင္-ၾသဂုတ္လထဲမွာ အၿပီးအပိုင္ လက္နက္ခ်သြားခဲ့ေပမယ့္
‘အလုပ္’ ကိုေတာ့ ကာလတခုအထိ ဆက္လုပ္ခြင့္ရခဲ့ပါေသးတယ္။
ရွမ္းျပည္အေရွ႕ပိုင္း ႀတိဂံတုိင္းမွာလည္း ခြန္ဆာလက္နက္ခ်တျဖစ္လည္း

တရားဝင္ျပည္သူ႔စစ္ေတြျဖစ္တဲ့ မုန္းေထာ္-မုန္းထအေျခစိုက္ ဆံမြန္းဦးစီးအဖြဲ႔၊ နမ့္ပုန္
(တာခ်ီလိတ္) အေျခစိုက္ ရီရွင္းဦးစီးအဖြဲ႔၊ ေဟာင္လြတ္ (တာခ်ီလိတ္) အေျခစိုက္
ေနာ္ခမ္းဦးစီးအဖြဲ႔ေတြဟာ က်ဳိင္းတံုက နအဖတိုင္းမႉးကို သိန္းေထာင္နဲ႔ခ်ီ ဆက္ေၾကးသြင္းၿပီး
မူးယစ္ေဆးလုပ္ငန္းမ်ဳိးစံု လုပ္ေနတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ေနာ္ခမ္းအဖြဲ႔ဆိုရင္ ေသာင္းက်န္းလြန္းလို႔
ေနာက္ဆံုးမွာ တ႐ုတ္အစိုးရ ဖိအားေပးမႈနဲ႔ ၂၀၀၉ ေဖေဖာ္ဝါရီလမွာ နအဖက
ဟန္ေဆာင္ပန္ေဆာင္ ႏွိမ္နင္းျပခဲ့ရပါေသးတယ္။ ႀတိဂံတိုင္းထဲမွာ ခြန္ဆာလူေဟာင္း
တခါမွမျဖစ္ခဲ့ဖူးတဲ့ မိုင္းတံု၊ မိုင္းဆတ္နဲ႔ တာခ်ီလိတ္နယ္ေတြက လားဟူျပည္သူ႔စစ္ေတြလည္း
ပုဂၢလိကေလာပန္းေတြနဲ႔တြဲၿပီး ဘိန္းခ်က္စက္႐ံု၊ ယာမစက္႐ံုေတြကို တိုင္းမႉး၊ ဗ်ဴဟာမႉးေတြဆီ
ဆက္ေၾကးေပး တည္ေထာင္ထားပါတယ္။
ရမခနယ္ေျမ ရွမ္းျပည္ေျမာက္ပိုင္းမွာေတာ့ တိုင္းမႉးကို ရပခ၊ တသခ မွာလို ဆက္ေၾကးေပး

မူးယစ္ေဆးထုတ္လုပ္ ကူးသန္းေရာင္းဝယ္ေနတဲ့ ခြန္ဆာလူေဟာင္း တရားဝင္ျပည္သူ႔စစ္
ဗိုလ္မြန္ဦးစီး မန္ပန္ (တန္႔ယန္း) အေျခစိုက္အဖြဲ႔၊ ေလာမားဦးစီး မုန္းဟင္-မုန္းဟ (မိုင္းရယ္)
အေျခစိုက္အဖြဲ႔ေတြဟာ နာမည္ႀကီးေတြျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါ့အျပင္ တသက္လံုး
နအဖျပည္သူ႔စစ္ပဲလုပ္ခဲ့တဲ့ နမ့္ခမ္းနယ္ေျမက (ခိုလံုလီေရွာ) ပန္ေဆးေက်ာ္ျမင့္အဖြဲ႔၊
ကြတ္ခိုင္နယ္က တီခြန္ျမတ္အဖြဲ႔၊ မံုးကိုးနယ္က ေနာ္ခမ္းအဖြဲ႔၊ ေဖာင္းဆုိင္နယ္က တီခြန္ေတြအဖြဲ႔၊
အုန္းစြမ္ (မိုင္းေငါ့) က ေက်ာ္အံုးအဖြဲ႔၊ မုန္းဝီးက ျမင့္လြင္အဖြဲ႔၊ ေရွာက္ေဟာ္က လွျမင့္အဖြဲ႔၊
ကြမ္းလံုက ေဟာ္ေရွာက္ခ်မ္းအဖြဲ႔ေတြဟာ ကိုးကန္႔၊ ဝတို႔လို နာမည္မထြက္ဘဲ
မူးယစ္ေဆးလုပ္ငန္းကို နအဖတုိင္းမႉးအဆက္ဆက္ ခြင့္ျပဳခ်က္နဲ႔ ဆက္ေၾကးေပးၿပီး
တရားဝင္သေဘာမ်ဳိးလုပ္ေနတာ ႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ၾကာေနခဲ့ပါၿပီ။ ကုလသမဂၢက ဒါေတြကို
မသိေပမယ့္ နယ္ေျမခံ လူထုေတြအားလံုးက သိေနၾကပါတယ္။
ဒီကေန႔ ရွမ္းျပည္မွာ ဘိန္းအဓိကစိုက္တဲ့ ေဒသေတြက ရွမ္းျပည္ေတာင္ပိုင္း ပင္ေလာင္း၊ ဟိုပံုး

(မဲနယ္ေတာင္)၊ ဆီဆိုင္ (လြယ္ေမာေတာင္)၊ မုိင္းကိုင္ (ဆင္ေတာင္) နယ္တို႔
ျဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ ဓာတ္ေျမၾသဇာ၊ ပိုးသတ္ေဆး၊ အပင္ႀကီးထြားေဆးေတြ ထည့္ၿပီး
“ေခတ္မီသိပၸံနည္းက်” “အထူးအထြက္တိုး” ႏွစ္သီးစား၊ သံုးသီးစား “သီးထပ္”
စိုက္ေနၾကတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီနယ္ေျမေတြဟာ နအဖၾသဇာခံ (၂၀၁၀ ဒု-
သမၼတေလာင္း) ရွမ္းျပည္နယ္ႀကံ့ဖြ႔ံေခါင္း ေဆာင္ ေအာင္ခမ္းထီ ဦးစီး ပီအန္အို
(အထူးေဒသ ၆) အဖြဲ႔နဲ႔ လက္နက္ခ် ရွမ္းခြဲထြက္ တပ္မဟာ ၇၅၈ (ကြယ္လြန္သူ
မိန္းစိန္ရဲ႕အဖြဲ႔) ခ်ဳပ္ကိုင္ရာ နယ္ေျမေတြ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ၂၀၀၉ မတ္-ဧၿပီတုန္းက ပီအန္အိုဌာနခ်ဳပ္
ေက်ာက္တလံုးကို ပင္ေလာင္းနယ္က ဘိန္းစိမ္း (၁၇၆) ပိႆာ သယ္ယူလာတုန္း
ေညာင္ေရႊၿမိဳ႕နယ္ (ဘီလူးေခ်ာင္းကူး) ေမွာ္ဘီတံတားမွာ ဖမ္းမိခဲ့ရာမွာ (၇၃) ပိႆာ
စာရင္းေပ်ာက္သြားခဲ့ပါေသးတယ္။ ဒီသတင္းကိုလည္း နအဖက ဖံုးဖိထားပါတယ္။
တခ်ိန္က ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရး အထူးေဒသ (၇) လို႔ သတ္မွတ္ခဲ့တဲ့ ရွမ္းျပည္ေျမာက္ပိုင္း ပေလာင္ေဒသ

နမ့္ဆန္၊ မန္တံု နယ္ေျမမွာ PSLP ပေလာင္ၿငိမ္းအဖြဲ႔ဟာ ၂၀၀၅ ခု ဧၿပီလမွာ လံုးဝလက္နက္ခ်
ဖ်က္သိမ္းသြားခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ပေလာင္ေဒသမွာ ဘိန္းစားေတြ၊ ယာမသမားေတြကေတာ့
အထူးတိုးမ်ားလာခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ေနာက္ဆံုး အဲဒီေဒသမွာ စခန္းထိုင္ နယ္ေျမထိန္းေနတဲ့
နအဖတပ္သားေတြ အၾကပ္ေတြ၊ ဗိုလ္ေတြ၊ ရဲေတြပါ ဘိန္း႐ွဴ ဘိန္းစြဲ ယာမစြဲ၊
အေရာင္းအဝယ္ေတြ လုပ္ေနလို႔ လူထုတြင္း မူးယစ္ေဆးစြဲျပႆနာ ျဖန္႔ျဖဴးမႈ ျပႆနာကို
တိုင္တန္းစရာေနရာ ကိုင္တြယ္တားဆီးႏိုင္စရာ အာဏာပိုင္ မရွိေတာ့ပါ။
၂၀၀၉ ၾသဂုတ္လက ရပခ ဂ်ီဝမ္း (စစ္ဦးစီးအရာရွိ-ပထမတန္း) ဒု-ဗိုလ္မႉးႀကီး

ေမာင္ေမာင္ျမင့္ရဲ႕ဇနီး ကိုယ့္ကိုယ္ကိုယ္ သတ္ေသမႈဆိုတာဟာ တကယ္ေတာ့
မူးယစ္ေဆးအေရာင္းအဝယ္ကိစၥ ဇာတ္လမ္း႐ႈပ္ၿပီး အသတ္ခံရတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီအမႈမွာ
ရပခတုိင္းမႉး၊ ဂ်ီဝမ္းနဲ႔ စရဖမႉး ဗိုလ္မႉးႀကီးဝင္းဗိုတို႔ ပါဝင္ပတ္သက္ေနၿပီး ရန္ကုန္မွာ ဘိန္းျဖဴကီလို
(၅၀၀) ဖမ္းမိမႈနဲ႔ သက္ဆိုင္ေနပါတယ္။ ဒါ့အျပင္ ဇူလိုင္လတုန္းက တာခ်ီလိတ္မွာ ဘိန္းျဖဴကီလို
(၁,၀၀၀) နဲ႔ ယာမေဆးလံုး (၂) သန္းခြဲ ဖမ္းမိတာ၊ လား႐ႈိးမွာ ဘိန္းျဖဴကီလို (၅၀၀)
ဖမ္းမိတာေတြဟာ နအဖတပ္မႉးႀကီးေတြနဲ႔ တိုက္႐ိုက္ပတ္သက္ေနပါတယ္။
အတြင္းသတင္းတခုအရ ကေမာၻဇဘဏ္ အျမတ္နည္းလာလို႔ အစုရွယ္ယာရွင္ေတြျဖစ္တဲ့
ဆရာေက်ာင္းနဲ႔ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေမာင္ေအး တို႔က မူးယစ္ေဆးလုပ္ငန္းမွာ
တိုက္႐ိုက္ဝင္လုပ္လာတယ္လို႔လည္း ၾကားရပါတယ္။ နအဖ တပ္မႉးႀကီးေတြ ကိုယ္လြတ္႐ုန္း
ႏိုင္ေအာင္ ဖမ္းမိတဲ့ မူးယစ္ေဆးေတြကို ဖံုၾကားရွင္ ကိုးကန္႔အဖြဲ႔အေပၚ တရားခံလႊဲျပတဲ့အေနနဲ႔
(ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီးသန္းေရႊ အာ႐ံုလြဲေအာင္) ၾသဂုတ္လကုန္ပိုင္းက စစ္တုိက္တာလို႔လည္း
ေတာင္ႀကီးမွာ သတင္းထြက္ေနပါတယ္။
ဒီကေန႔ကာလမွာ နအဖဟာ နယ္ျခားေစာင့္တပ္ဖြဲ႔စည္းေရး လက္မခံဘဲ

တိုင္းရင္းသားအခြင့္အေရး ေတာင္းဆိုေနတဲ့ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးအဖြဲ႔ေတြကို စြဲခ်က္အမ်ဳိးမ်ဳိးနဲ႔
လက္ညႇိဳးထိုး အေၾကာင္းရွာၿပီး ေခ်မႈန္းဖို႔ ျပင္ေနပါတယ္။ အဲသလို အေျခအေနမွာ
ကုလမူးယစ္ေဆး႐ံုး UNODC ဆိုတဲ့ အဖြဲ႔က နအဖ အလိုက်
တိုင္းရင္းသားၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးအဖြဲ႔ေတြကို လက္ညႇိဳးထိုး တရားခံရွာေပးတာဟာ ဘယ္လိုမွ
လက္ခံႏိုင္စရာအေၾကာင္းမရွိပါဘူး။ ေခတ္ေဟာင္း အေမရိကန္႐ုပ္ရွင္က လူရႊင္ေတာ္
ဂ်ယ္ရီလူးဝစၥနဲ႔ နာမည္ဆင္တူေနတဲ့ ကုလသမဂၢ ဂယ္ရီလူးဝစၥလည္း ဂန္ဖလားလို
‘ေက်ာက္ယူျပန္’ ျဖစ္ေနၿပီလား။
တဘက္မွာ ၿငိမ္းအဖြဲ႔ႀကီးေတြဟာ သူတို႔အမ်ဳိးသားေတြကို ကိုယ္စားျပဳထားတာ

ဘယ္သူျငင္းခ်င္ပါသလဲ။ နအဖက ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံကို ကိုယ္စားျပဳထားတဲ့ အေျခခံထက္
ဒီအဖြဲ႔ႀကီးေတြက သူတို႔အမ်ဳိးသားေတြအေပၚ ကိုယ္စားျပဳတဲ့ အေျခခံက ပိုနက္႐ႈိင္း
ပိုခိုင္မာပါတယ္။ အမ်ဳိးသားေရးအေျခခံေပၚ အဓိကရပ္တည္ေနတာျဖစ္လို႔ ဗမာျပည္ရဲ႕
တိုင္းရင္းသားျပႆနာနဲ႔ ခြဲလို႔မရပါဘူး။ အမ်ဳိးသားေရးအခန္းက႑ကို အသိအမွတ္မျပဳဘဲ
မူးယစ္အခန္းက႑ကိုသာ ဦးတည္ၾကည့္ျမင္ေနသေရြ႕ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕ ျပည္ေထာင္စုျပႆနာမွာ
ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ အေျဖေတြ႔မွာမဟုတ္သလို ေသြးေခ်ာင္းစီး ျပည္တြင္းစစ္သံသရာကေန
ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ လြတ္ေျမာက္မွာလည္း မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။
တကယ္ေတာ့ ဗမာျပည္မွာ နအဖေခါင္က မလံုလို႔ မူးယစ္မိုးယိုေနတာျဖစ္ၿပီး မူးယစ္သမင္ဟာ

နအဖမင္းႀကီးတာကပဲ ထြက္ေနတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါကိုမသိဘဲ ကုလသမဂၢမုဆိုးႀကီးက
မူးယစ္သမင္ကိုဖမ္းဖို႔ ႀကိဳးစားေနရင္ေတာ့ ေရထဲအ႐ုပ္ေရးသလိုပဲ ျဖစ္ေနပါလိမ့္မယ္။

ခြာခ်ျခင္း
မံုပီး | ဗုဒၶဟူးေန႔၊ ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၁၆ ရက္ ၂၀၀၉ ခုႏွစ္ ၁၁ နာရီ ၄၀ မိနစ္
နယူးေဒလီ (မဇၥ်ိမ)။ ။ ဆယ္စုႏွစ္ ႏွစ္ခုနီးပါးမွ် ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံကို ဆက္တိုက္ ၿပိဳင္ဘက္မရွိ
အုပ္စုိးခဲ့ေသာ ျမန္မာ စစ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးၾကီး သန္းေရႊသည္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ စီးပြားေရးကို
ယိုယြင္း ၿပိဳလဲေစခဲ့သူ၊ ျမန္မာ့လူ႔အဖြဲ႔အစည္း တခုလံုးကို ပ်က္စီးေစခဲ့သူ၊
ဓာတ္သတၱဳသယံဇာတမ်ားကို ပ်က္စီးဆံုးရံႈးေစခဲ့သူ၊ ျပစ္မႈက်ဴးလြန္သူမ်ားကို မွဲ႔တေပါက္
မစြန္းေစသည့္ ယဥ္ေက်းမႈကို ထူေထာင္ခဲ့သူ စသည့္မ်ားစြာေသာ ဂုဏ္ပုဒ္မ်ားျဖင့္
သမိုင္းအမိႈက္ပံုထဲသို႔ ေရာက္သြားေတာ့မည္မွာ ေသခ်ာသေလာက္ပင္ ရွိေနသည္။
ေနာက္ဆက္တြဲ အက်ဳိးဆက္ အေျမာက္အျမားကို ျမန္မာျပည္သူတို႔ ခံစားခဲ့ရေသာ္လည္း ထိုသို႔

ျဖစ္ေအာင္ ျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့သည့္ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးၾကီးသန္းေရႊ ဘယ္လိုလူလဲဆိုသည္ကို အမ်ားစုက
မသိၾကပါ။ သို႔ေသာ္ ျမန္မာလူမ်ဳိးတိုင္းကေတာ့ ဘုရင္ရူး ရူးေနသူ၊ အတိတ္က နာမည္ၾကီး
စစ္သူၾကီး ဘုရင္မ်ား၏ ႐ုပ္တုမ်ားကို သူ႔ေတာတြင္း ၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္သစ္ ေနျပည္ေတာ္တြင္
တည္ေဆာက္ထားၿပီး ထို႐ုပ္တုမ်ားနံေဘးတြင္ သူ႔ပံုတူ႐ုပ္တုတခုကိုပါ တည္ထားသူအျဖစ္ေတာ့
သိၾကသည္။ ေနျပည္ေတာ္သည္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ အလယ္ပိုင္းတြင္ ရွိသည္။
ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးၾကီး၏ စ႐ိုက္ကို တလႊာခ်င္း ခြာခ်ျပသူကေတာ့ လန္ဒန္အေျခစိုက္ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရး

အဖြဲ႔တခုျဖစ္သည့္ Christian Solidarity Worldwide ၏ အေရွ႕အာရွအဖြဲ႕ေခါင္းေဆာင္ျဖစ္သည့္
ဘင္နီဒစ္ေရာ္ဂ်ာ (Benedict Rogers) ျဖစ္သည္။ ေရာ္ဂ်ာသည္ ျမန္မာ့အေရးကိစၥမ်ားကို
ၾကာျမင့္စြာကတည္းက ပါဝင္လုပ္ေဆာင္ခဲ့သူျဖစ္ၿပီး ေဆာင္းပါးမ်ားစြာ ေရးသားခဲ့သူလည္း
ျဖစ္သည္။ ယခု ဦးသန္းေရႊ၏ အထၳဳပၸတၱိကို `သန္းေရႊ-ျမန္မာ့အာဏာရွင္ကို မ်က္ႏွာဖံုးခြာျပျခင္း´
ဟူေသာ အမည္ျဖင့္ စာအုပ္တအုပ္ ေရးသားခဲ့သည္။
နယူးေဒလီၿမိဳ႕တြင္ ေခတၱရပ္နားစဥ္အတြင္း မဇၩိမ လက္ေထာက္အယ္ဒီတာ မံုပီးက ေရာ္ဂ်ာႏွင့္

ေတြ႔ဆံုခြင့္ရခဲ့ၿပီး ၂ဝ၁ဝ ေဖေဖၚဝါရီလအတြင္း ထုတ္ေဝျဖန္႔ခ်ိမည့္ ထိုစာအုပ္အေၾကာင္း
တေစ့တေစာင္း ေမးျမန္းခြင့္ရခဲ့သည္။
ေမး။ ဒီစာအုပ္ကဘာအေၾကာင္းေတြေရးထားတယ္ဆိုတာ က်ေနာ္တို႔ကိုေျပာျပႏိုင္မလား ခင္ဗ်ာ။
ေျဖ။ ဒီစာအုပ္က အေျခခံအားျဖင့္ေတာ့ ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးၾကီးသန္းေရႊရဲ႕ အထၳဳပၸတၱိပါဘဲ။ ဒါေပမဲ့

သူ႔ခြင့္ျပဳခ်က္နဲ႔ ေမးျမန္းေရးသားခဲ့ရတာေတာ့ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးၾကီးသန္းေရႊ၊ သူ႔မိသားစု၊
စစ္အစိုးရတို႔က ပူးေပါင္းေဆာင္ရြက္မႈ မရွိတာေၾကာင့္ ခြင့္ျပဳခ်က္မပါဘဲ ေရးသားခဲ့တဲ့ အထၳဳပၸတၱိ
အမ်ဳိးအစားတခုပါပဲ။ ဒါေပမဲ့ ဦးသန္းေရႊအေၾကာင္း ေရးထားတာပါပဲ။ သူဘယ္လို
ထိပ္တန္းအာဏာအရွိဆံုးေနရာကို ေရာက္လာတယ္၊ စစ္အစိုးရနဲ႔ စစ္တပ္ရဲ႕ သေဘာသဘာဝ
စတာေတြကို ေရးထားတာပါ။ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးၾကီးသန္းေရႊရဲ႕ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္မႈေအာက္မွာ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ
ဘာေတြျဖစ္ပ်က္ေနတယ္ဆိုတာလည္း ပါမွာပါ။ ဒါ ဦးသန္းေရႊရဲ႕ ပထမဆံုး
အထၳဳပၸတၱိျဖစ္လိမ့္မယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္ယံုၾကည္ပါတယ္။
ေမး။ ဘာေၾကာင့္ ဦးသန္းေရႊအေၾကာင္းကို ေရးဖို႔ ေရြးခ်ယ္ျဖစ္ခဲ့တာလဲခင္ဗ်ာ။
ေျဖ။ ကမၻာေပၚမွာ တျခားအာဏာရွင္ေတြျဖစ္ၾကတဲ့ ဆက္ဒမ္ဟူစိန္လို၊ ကင္ဂ်ဳံအီးလ္လို၊ ေရာ

ဘတ္မူဂါဘီလို စသျဖင့္ အာဏာရွင္ အေျမာက္အျမားအေၾကာင္း အခုလိုဘဲ အထၳဳပၸတၱိနဲ႔
ပတ္သက္လို႔ ေမးခြန္းထုတ္စရာေတြ ေပၚခဲ့တယ္။ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊကလည္း ကမၻာ့အဆိုးဆံုး
အာဏာရွင္ေတြထဲက တေယာက္ပါပဲ။ ဒါေပမဲ့ ကမၻာၾကီးက သူ႔အေၾကာင္း
သိပ္မသိျဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို႔လို ျမန္မာ့အေရး လုပ္ေနသူေတြေတာင္မွ သူ႔အေၾကာင္း
သိပ္မသိပါဘူး။ ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ ဘာေတြျဖစ္ေနလဲ။ ျမန္မာျပည္က စစ္အစိုးရဆိုတာ
ဘယ္လိုဟာမ်ဳိးလဲ ဆိုတာေတြကို ရႈေဒါင့္သစ္ကေနၿပီး ျမန္မာျပည္အေျခအေနေတြ ေျပာျပႏိုင္ရင္
ေကာင္းမွာပဲလို႔ က်ေနာ္ ခံစားရပါတယ္။ တကယ္ေတာ့ ဒီစိတ္ကူးကို US Campaign for Burma
က က်ေနာ့္မိတ္ေဆြ ဂ်ယ္ရမီဝုဒ္ရမ္ (Jeremy Woodrum) ဆီက ရတာပါ။ သူအၾကံေပးခဲ့တာပါ။

ဒါ သိပ္ကိုစိတ္ဝင္စားစရာေကာင္းတဲ့ စိတ္ကူးပါပဲ။
ေမး။ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊ ဘယ္လိုမ်ဳိး ထိပ္ဆံုးကိုေရာက္ၿပီး အာဏာရလာတာဟာ

တကယ္စိတ္ဝင္စားစရာ ေကာင္းပါတယ္။ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ၾကီးေနဝင္းရဲ႕ ဆိုရွယ္လစ္ေခတ္တုန္းကေရာ၊
၁၉၈၈ ခုႏွစ္ စစ္တပ္က အာဏာသိမ္းၿပီးစ အေစာပိုင္းကာလေတြမွာေရာ သူ႔အေၾကာင္း က်ေနာ္တို႔
အနည္းအက်ဥ္းေလာက္ပဲ သိၾကပါတယ္။ သူ ဘယ္လို ဒီအဆင့္ကို ေရာက္လာတယ္ဆိုတာ
က်ေနာ္တို႔ကို ေျပာျပေပးႏိုင္မလားခင္ဗ်ာ။
ေျဖ။ ဟုတ္ပါတယ္။ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊ ဒီလိုေနရာကို ဘယ္သူမွ သတိမျပဳမိလိုက္ဘဲ တိတ္တဆိတ္

ေရာက္လာတာဟာ တကယ့္ကို စိတ္ဝင္စားစရာေကာင္းတဲ့ အေၾကာင္းအရာပါ။ ဒါေပမဲ့
ဒါကိုယ္တိုင္က ျမန္မာျပည္က စစ္တပ္ရဲ႕ စနစ္လည္ပတ္ေနပံု သေဘာသဘာဝပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊ ထိပ္ဆံုးေနရာကို ေရာက္လာတာ သူ႔အထက္လူၾကီးေတြက သူတို႔အတြက္
အႏၲရာယ္ မရွိဘူးထင္လို႔ ေရာက္လာတာလို႔ က်ေနာ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ သူ႔ကို
ကိုယ္ပိုင္စိတ္ကူးစိတ္သန္းမရွိတဲ့ အၾကံတံုးဥာဏ္တံုး၊ ပ်င္းရိေလးတြဲ႔သူ တဦးလို႔ပဲ ျမင္ၾကပါတယ္။
သူ႔ရည္မွန္းခ်က္ကို သိပ္ကို ေပၚေပၚလြင္လြင္ ထုတ္ေဖာ္ျပသတာမ်ဳိး မလုပ္ခဲ့ပါဘူး။ ဒါေၾကာင့္
သူတို႔အတြက္ အႏၲရာယ္မရွိဘူးလို႔ သူ႔အထက္အရာရွိေတြက တြက္ခဲ့ၾကတာပါ။
အရာရွိေတြထဲမွာ ကိုယ္ပိုင္စိတ္ကူးအၾကံဥာဏ္ရွိသူ၊ ထိုးထြင္းလုပ္တတ္သူ၊ တီထြင္ဖန္တီးမႈရွိရွိ
လုပ္တတ္သူေတြဆိုရင္ အထက္အရာရွိၾကီးေတြက အႏၲရာယ္ေကာင္လို႔ ျမင္လာၿပီး
ေနာက္ပိုင္းမွာ ရာထူးက ျဖဳတ္ရွင္းပစ္တာမ်ဳိး ၾကံဳရတတ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊရဲ႕
ခပ္မဆိတ္ေနႏိုင္မႈ၊ ထုိးထြင္းၿပီး လုပ္တတ္တာ မရွိတာေတြဟာ သူ႔ေအာင္ျမင္မႈရဲ႕
လွ်ိဳ႕ဝွက္ခ်က္ေတြလို႔ က်ေနာ္ထင္ပါတယ္။ သူဟာ ရည္မွန္းခ်က္ၾကီးသူ မဟုတ္ဘူးလို႔ က်ေနာ္
မထင္ပါဘူး။ ဒါေပမဲ့ သူက သူ႔ရည္မွန္းခ်က္ ဘာဆိုတာကို ထုတ္မေျပာဘူး ခပ္မဆိတ္ေနခဲ့တာ။
သူ႔စစ္မႈထမ္းသက္တေလွ်ာက္လံုး ဘာအစည္းအေဝးပဲတက္တက္ ဘာမွမေျပာဘဲ တုံဏွိဘာေဝ
ေနခဲ့သူဆိုတာ အားလံုး ေျပာၾကတာပဲ။ ေပးတဲ့အမိန္႔ နာခံၿပီး လိုက္လုပ္တတ္တာပဲ။ ဒါ
ျမန္မာျပည္က စစ္တပ္စနစ္ရဲ႕ သေဘာသဘာဝပါ။ သူတို႔က ေပးတဲ့အမိန္႔ နာခံၿပီး
လိုက္လုပ္တဲ့လူမ်ဳိးပဲ လိုခ်င္တာ။
ေမး။ ဒါဆုိ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊက သူ႔ရည္မွန္းခ်က္ အထေျမာက္ေအာင္ အေသအခ်ာ ျပင္ဆင္ခဲ့တဲ့

သေဘာေပါ့။ အရင္ အာဏာရွင္ေဟာင္း ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ၾကီးေနဝင္းနဲ႔ သူ ဘယ္ေလာက္ရင္းႏွီး
နီးစပ္ခဲ့တယ္ဆိုတာကိုေရာ က်ေနာ္တို႔ကို ေျပာျပပါလားဗ်ာ။
ေျဖ။ ဟုတ္ကဲ့၊ က်ေနာ္ထင္ပါတယ္ တကယ့္ကို နီးစပ္ခဲ့တာပါ။ အာဏာကို လႊဲယူရမယ့္သူအျဖစ္

ဗိုလ္ေနဝင္းကိုယ္တိုင္ သတ္မွတ္ေပးခဲ့တယ္လို႔ကို က်ေနာ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့
ပုဂၢိဳလ္ေရးအရေတာ့ (စစ္ေထာက္လွမ္းေရး အၾကီးအကဲေဟာင္း) ဗိုလ္ခင္ညြန္႔ေလာက္ေတာ့
မနီးစပ္ဘူးေပါ့။ ပုဂၢိဳလ္ေရး အဆက္အဆံအရ ေျပာရရင္ေတာ့ နီးစပ္တဲ့ ဆက္ဆံေရး ရွိခဲ့တယ္လို႔
က်ေနာ္ မထင္ပါဘူး။ ဒါေပမဲ့ အာဏာကို လႊဲယူရမယ့္ သူကို ဗိုလ္ေနဝင္း ေရြးခဲ့ရာမွာေတာ့
သူဟာ တကယ့္ကို နီးစပ္တဲ့ လူဆိုတာ ေသခ်ာေပါက္ပါပဲ။

ေမး။ သူ႔ဇနီး ေဒၚၾကိဳင္ၾကိဳင္ကေရာ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊအေပၚမွာ ဘယ္ေလာက္အထိ
လႊမ္းမိုးထားႏိုင္ပါသလဲခင္ဗ်ာ။
ေျဖ။ တစံုတရာေတာ့ ၾသဇာလႊမ္းမိုးမႈရွိမယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ သူသာ

အာဏာအရွိဆံုး၊ အားလံုးကို ခ်ဳပ္ကိုင္ထားတယ္ဆိုတာမ်ဳိးေတာ့ က်ေနာ္ မထင္ပါဘူး။
ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊ ကိုယ္တိုင္ကလည္း ထိပ္ဆံုးေနရာမွာ ေရာက္ၿပီး အာဏာအရွိဆံုးဟာ သူပဲဆိုတာ
သိပါတယ္။ သူ႔မွာ သူ႔ကိုယ္ပိုင္စိတ္ကူး၊ ဘာလုပ္မယ္ဆိုတဲ့ အစီအစဥ္ေတြ ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့
ေဒၚၾကိဳင္ၾကိဳင္ရဲ႕ ၾသဇာအာဏာစူးရွတဲ့ ေနရာတေနရာကေတာ့ ေဗဒင္ယၾတာ ကိစၥေတြပါ။
ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊထက္ သာပါတယ္။ ဒီကိစၥေတြအေပၚ စြဲလမ္းယံုၾကည္တာ။ ဒီကိစၥေတြမွာ
ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊအေပၚ လႊမ္းမိုးႏိုင္တာပါ။ ေဒၚၾကိဳင္ၾကိဳင္ဟာ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္အေပၚလည္း
မၾကိဳက္ဘူးလို႔ ထင္တယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဒီကိစၥမွာလည္း သူမက ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊအေပၚလႊမ္းမိုးႏိုင္တာ
ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
ေမး။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊက ေဒၚစုကို မုန္းတာ၊ နာမည္ေတာင္ မၾကားခ်င္တာေတြ

ျဖစ္လာတာလား။
ေျဖ။ ဟုတ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါက အေၾကာင္းတခုျဖစ္မွာပါ။ ဒီစာအုပ္အတြက္ က်ေနာ္

ေတြ႔ဆံုေမးျမန္းခဲ့တဲ့သူ ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ား ေျပာတာက ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က
အဘက္ဘက္မွာ ျပည့္စံုသူ၊ ေဒၚၾကိဳင္ၾကိဳင္နဲ႔ တျခား ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ကေတာ္ေတြက ဒါမ်ဳိး ျပည့္စံုသူေတြ
မဟုတ္ဘူး။ ခင္ဗ်ားတို႔ သိတဲ့အတို္င္းပဲ ေဒၚစုက တကယ့္ပညာတတ္၊ ႏိုင္ငံတကာလည္း
အႏွံ႔ေရာက္ဖူးတဲ့သူ၊ သိပ္ေခတ္မီတယ္၊ သိပ္လွတယ္၊ ေဒၚၾကိဳင္ၾကိဳင္ကို ၾကည့္လိုက္ေတာ့
လွလဲမလွ၊ ပညာကလည္း မတတ္။
ေမး။ ခင္ဗ်ားရဲ႕ အခ်က္အလက္ အကိုးအကားျပဳတဲ့ ရင္းျမစ္ေတြကိုေရာ ေျပာျပႏိုင္မလားခင္ဗ်ာ။

ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ သတင္းအခ်က္အလက္ အရင္းခံအေထာက္အထားေတြကို
ဘယ္ကရတယ္ဆိုတာ ေျပာျပႏိုင္မလား။
ေျဖ။ ဟုတ္ကဲ့။ က်ေနာ့္ အရင္းခံအေထာက္အထား ႏွစ္ခုမွာ ပထမတခုက

ႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာအတြင္း ျမန္မာစစ္တပ္က ထြက္ေျပးကူးေျပာင္းလာခဲ့သူေတြပါ။ ဒီလူေတြဟာ
ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊကို သူ႔ဘဝတေလွ်ာက္ အဆင့္အသီးသီးမွာ ေတြ႔ဆံုသိကၽြမ္းခဲ့ၾကသူေတြပါ။
ျပည္ပေရာက္ေနတဲ့ ဒီလူေတြထဲက တခ်ဳိ႕ကို က်ေနာ္ ေတြ႔ဆံုေမးျမန္းမႈေတြ လုပ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။
၁၉၅ဝ စုႏွစ္မ်ားတဝိုက္က စစ္သင္တန္း အတူတူတက္ခဲ့သူေတြပါ။ ေနာက္တေယာက္
က်ေနာ္ေမးခဲ့တာက သူ အေနာက္ေတာင္တုိင္း တိုင္းမႉးဘဝနဲ႔ ရွိစဥ္ သူ႔ဆရာဝန္အျဖစ္
အမႈထမ္းခဲ့သူပါ။ ေနာက္ ေမးခဲ့သူေတြကေတာ့ သူဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးၾကီး ျဖစ္ၿပီးကတည္းက သိခဲ့သူ၊
သူ႔ကို မၾကာေသးခင္အထိ ေတြ႔ခဲ့သူေတြပါ။ ဒီလိုကူးေျပာင္းေတြအျပင္ ႏိုင္ငံတကာ သံတမန္
ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားကိုလည္း က်ေနာ္ ေတြ႔ဆံုေမးျမန္းမႈေတြ လုပ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ၿဗိတိသွ်၊
အေမရိကန္၊ ၾသစေၾတးလ်ား၊ ဂ်ပန္၊ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံတို႔က သံတမန္ေတြပါ။ ၿဗိတိသွ်သံအမတ္ေဟာင္း
မာ့က္ကန္းနင္း (Mark Canning)၊ ၾသစေၾတးလ်ား သံအမတ္ေဟာင္း၊

ထိုင္းသံအမတ္ေဟာင္းတို႔ကိုလည္း က်ေနာ္ ေတြ႔ဆံုေမးျမန္းခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ၿဗိတိသွ်နဲ႔ အေမရိကန္လို
အေနာက္တိုင္း အျမင္မ်ားသာမကဘဲ ဂ်ပန္နဲ႔ ထိုင္းလို အေရွ႕တိုင္းအျမင္မ်ားကို
ၾကားခဲ့ရတာလည္း က်ေနာ့္အတြက္ ေကာင္းပါတယ္။ ကုလသမဂၢ သံတမန္ေဟာင္းေတြျဖစ္တဲ့
ကုလအထူးကိုယ္စားလွယ္ေဟာင္း ရာဇာလီ အစၥေမးလ္ (Razali Ismail)၊ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရး
အထူးကိုယ္စားလွယ္ေတြျဖစ္ၾကတဲ့ ယိုဇိုယိုကိုတာ (Yozo Yokota)၊ ပါေမာကၡ ပင္ဟဲ႐ိုး
(Pinheiro) တို႔ကိုလည္း က်ေနာ္ ေတြ႔ဆံုေမးျမန္းခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဒါေတြအားလုံးဟာ က်ေနာ့္အတြက္
အရင္းခံ အေထာက္အထားေတြ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ သူတို႔ဟာ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊကို အခ်ိန္ကာလ
အမ်ဳိးမ်ဳိးမွာ ေတြ႔ဆံုခြင့္ရခဲ့သူေတြ ျဖစ္ၾကပါတယ္။ တဆင့္ခံ အေထာက္အထားေတြျဖစ္တဲ့
စာရြက္စာတမ္း မွတ္တမ္းမွတ္ရာ အေထာက္အထား အမ်ားအျပားကိုလည္း က်ေနာ္
ရယူခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ေမး။ က်ေနာ္ အၾကမ္းဖ်င္း နားလည္ထားတာက ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊဟာ သံတမန္ေကာင္းတဦး

မဟုတ္ဘူး ဆိုတာပါပဲ။ ဒါေပမဲ့ မၾကာေသးခင္က ရွားရွားပါးပါး သူ သီရိလကၤာကို အလည္အပတ္
သြားေရာက္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ သူ ႏိုင္ငံျခားသံတမန္ေတြနဲ႔ ဆက္ဆံရာမွာ ဘယ္ေလာက္ ကၽြမ္းက်င္
လိမၼာပါးနပ္တယ္လို႔ ခင္ဗ်ား သိထားပါသလဲ။
ေျဖ။ ဟုတ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါ ရွားရွားပါးပါး ႏိုင္ငံျခားခရီးစဥ္ျဖစ္သလို အံ့အားသင့္စရာေကာင္းတဲ့

ခရီးစဥ္လည္း ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အရင္တုန္းက သူသြားခဲ့ဖူးတာမွာ အမ်ားစုက တ႐ုတ္၊ အိႏၵိယ၊
စကၤာပူနဲ႔ တျခား အေရွ႕ေတာင္အာရွ ႏိုင္ငံေတြပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ သီရိလကၤာကို
သြားတာကေတာ့ စိတ္ဝင္စားစရာ ေကာင္းေနပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္ သံသယရွိေနတာ သူ
သီရိလကၤာကိုသြားတာ တမီလ္က်ားသူပုန္ (LTTE) ေတြကို အစုိးရက ဘယ္လို
ႏွိမ္နင္းခဲ့တယ္ဆိုတာ ေလ့လာရေအာင္၊ သင္ခန္းစာယူစရာရွိယူရေအာင္ သြားတယ္လုိ႔ပဲ
ထင္ပါတယ္။ ေယဘူယ်ႏိုင္ငံျခားဆက္ဆံ ေရးနဲ႔ပတ္သက္ရင္ေတာ့ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊကို
အထင္မေသးမိဘုိ႔ အေရးၾကီးတယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္ထင္ ပါတယ္။ ခင္ဗ်ားသိတဲ့အတိုင္း
က်ေနာ္တို႔လူေတြအမ်ားအျပားက ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊကို တံုးသူ၊ ပညာမတတ္သူ၊ ပ်င္းရိၿငီးေငြ႔စရာ
ေကာင္းသူအျဖစ္ပဲ ထင္ေနၾကပါတယ္။ တစံုတရာ အတိုင္းအတာအထိေတာ့ သူဟာ တံုးသူ၊
စိတ္ဝင္စားစရာ မေကာင္းသူဆိုတာ ဟုတ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ က်ေနာ္ ေတြ႔ခဲ့တဲ့ သံတမန္ေတြ
ေျပာတာက သူဟာ က်ေနာ္တို႔ သိထားတာထက္ ေဖာ္ေရြပ်ဴငွာႏိုင္သူ ဆိုတာပါပဲ။ သံတမန္ေတြနဲ႔
ေတြ႔တဲ့အခါ သူ ေဖာ္ေရြခ်င္ရင္ ေဖာ္ေရြျပႏိုင္တဲ့သူပါ။ သူ႔ အဂၤလိပ္စကား ကၽြမ္းက်င္မႈ
အဆင့္အတန္းကလည္း က်ေနာ္တို႔ သိထားတာထက္ အမ်ားၾကီး ပိုေကာင္းပါတယ္။ သူ
တကယ့္ကို အေတာ္မ်ားမ်ား နားလည္ပါတယ္။ အဂၤလိပ္လိုလည္း ေျပာႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို႔
ထင္ထားတာထက္ ပါးနပ္လိမၼာသူ၊ ပညာတတ္သူျဖစ္တယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ သူဟာ
တကၠသိုလ္မေရာက္ခဲ့သူ၊ ပံုမွန္ပညာေရးကို ရခ့ဲသူ မဟုတ္ေပမယ့္ အေတာ္တတ္ပါတယ္။
ေမး။ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊရဲ႕ ပညာေရးနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ေျပာရင္ အျမင့္ဆံုး ဘယ္အဆင့္အထိ

ေရာက္ခဲ့ပါသလဲ။
ေျဖ။ အထက္တန္းအဆင့္ပညာေရးေတာ့ ၿပီးခဲ့တယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ယံုၾကည္ပါတယ္။

တကၠသိုလ္ေတာ့ သူ မတက္ခဲ့ပါဘူး။ အထက္တန္းၿပီးေတာ့ ဗိုလ္ေနဝင္းလို စာတိုက္မွာ
ဝင္လုပ္ပါတယ္။ စာတိုက္မွာ စာေရးအျဖစ္ ခဏေလာက္ အမႈထမ္းၿပီးေတာ့ စစ္ထဲ ဝင္ပါတယ္။
စစ္သင္တန္းတက္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ေမး။ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေယဘုယ် သိထားသေလာက္ တပ္ထဲမွာ သူက စိတ္ဓာတ္စစ္ဆင္ေရး ပါရဂူတဲ့။

စစ္အစိုးရ တရပ္နဲ႔ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေနရာမွာ ဒီစိတ္ဓာတ္စစ္ဆင္ေရး နည္းဗ်ဴဟာေတြကို သူ
အသံုးျပဳေနတယ္လို႔ ခင္ဗ်ား ထင္ပါသလား။
ေျဖ။ က်ေနာ္ေတာ့ သူသံုးတယ္လု႔ိ ထင္တယ္။ အထင္ရွားဆံုး ဥပမာကေတာ့ ေသြးခြဲအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရး

မဟာဗ်ဴဟာမွာပါ။ တႏိုင္ငံလံုးမွာ နည္းေပါင္းစံုနဲ႔ သူ ေအာင္ျမင္စြာ အသံုးျပဳခဲ့တာပါ။ ဥပမာ
၁၉၉၅ ခုႏွစ္က ကရင္အမ်ဳိးသား အစည္းအ႐ုံး (KNU) ကေန ဒီမိုကရက္တစ္ တိုးတက္ေသာ
ဗုဒၶဘာသာ ကရင္တပ္မေတာ္ (DKBA) ဆိုၿပီး ကြဲထြက္ေအာင္ လုပ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။
မၾကာေသးခင္ကလည္း ေကအန္ယူကေန အဖြဲ႕ငယ္ေလးေတြ ထပ္ကြဲေအာင္
လုပ္ခဲ့ပါေသးတယ္။ ျမန္မာျပည္ တျခားေနရာေတြမွာလည္း ဒီလိုပဲ လုပ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္
ဝါဒျဖန္႔ခ်ိေရးနဲ႔ ေသြးခြဲအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးတို႔နဲ႔ ပတ္သက္လာရင္ သူဟာ တကယ့္ကို
စိတ္ဓာတ္စစ္ဆင္ေရး စစ္ပြဲကို ဆင္ႏႊဲေနတာလို႔ က်ေနာ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။
ေမး။ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊက ဝန္ၾကီးခ်ဳပ္ေဟာင္းနဲ႔ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးမႉးခ်ဳပ္ေဟာင္း ဗိုလ္ခင္ညြန္႔ကို

ဘာေၾကာင့္ ရာထူးက ဖယ္ရွားရွင္းပစ္ခဲ့တယ္လို႔ ခင္ဗ်ား ထင္ပါသလဲ။ ဗိုလ္ခင္ညြန္႔နဲ႔ယွဥ္ရင္
ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊက ဘယ္ေလာက္ အာဏာရွိပါသလဲ။
ေျဖ။ က်ေနာ္ ထင္တယ္၊ အတိတ္တုန္းက က်ေနာ္တို႔မွာ ဗိုလ္ခင္ညြန္႔ အခန္းက႑ကို ပိုတြက္ၿပီး

ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊ အခန္းက႑ကိုေတာ့ ေလွ်ာ့တြက္ခဲ့ၾကတယ္လို႔ ထင္ပါတယ္။ တကယ္ေတာ့
ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊဟာ သူနံပါတ္တစ္ ျဖစ္လာကတည္းက အၿမဲတမ္း နံပါတ္တစ္ပါပဲ။
အရင္တံုးကလည္း နံပါတ္တစ္၊ အခုလည္း နံပါတ္တစ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ ဗိုလ္ခင္ညြန္႔ရဲ႕
ၾသဇာအာဏာက အကန္႔အသတ္ ရွိတယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ တခါတရံေတာ့
ဗိုလ္ခင္ညြန္႔မွာ ပိုၿပီး လုပ္ခ်င္ကိုင္ခ်င္တဲ့ အားမလိုအားမရမႈေလးေတြေတာ့ ရွိတယ္လို႔
ထင္ပါတယ္။ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊက သူ႔ကို အတိုင္းအတာတခုအထိ လႊတ္ေပးထားၿပီး အဲဒီအဆင့္ကို
သူ ေက်ာ္လာၿပီး လြန္လြန္းလာတဲ့အခါ သိပ္မ်ားလာတဲ့အခါ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊက ကဲ … ဒီေလာက္ဆို
ေတာ္ေလာက္ၿပီလို႔ ေျပာၿပီး သူ႔ကို ရွင္းပစ္လိုက္လို႔ ဗိုလ္ခင္ညြန္႔ အရာက်သြားရတယ္လို႔
ထင္ပါတယ္။
ေမး။ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊရဲ႕ အိမ္ေတာ္လံုၿခံဳေရးက ဘယ္ေလာက္ထိ တင္းက်ပ္ပါသလဲခင္ဗ်ာ။
ေျဖ။ သူ႔လံုၿခံဳေရးက အရမ္းကို တင္းက်ပ္တယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ အထူးသျဖင့္ အခုလို

ေနျပည္ေတာ္ကို ေျပာင္းသြားၿပီးမွေပါ့။ ေနျပည္ေတာ္က သူ႔ကိုယ္ပိုင္ ကတုတ္က်င္းထဲမွာပဲ
ရွိေနတယ္လို႔ ထင္ပါတယ္။ သူ႔ခႏၶာကိုယ္ လံုၿခံဳေရးသာမက သူ႔အေပၚ သစၥာခံသူ၊ သူက
ရာထူးတိုးေပးခဲ့လို႔ ေက်းဇူးေၾကြး ရွိေနသူ စသျဖင့္ သစၥာေတာ္ခံေတြ ဝန္းရံထားတဲ့ ႏိုင္ငံေရး

လံုၿခံဳေရး စည္းလည္း ရွိပါတယ္။
ေမး။ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေတြထဲက ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊဆီ ဘယ္သူေတြ ဝင္ထြက္ခြင့္ ရွိပါသလဲ။
ေျဖ။ နံပါတ္ႏွစ္ျဖစ္တဲ့ ဗိုလ္ေမာင္ေအးကေတာ့ အဝင္အထြက္ ရွိမွာပါ။ မၾကာခဏ ေတြ႔ဆံုတာမ်ဳိး

မဟုတ္ရင္ေတာင္ ပံုမွန္အဆက္အသြယ္ကေတာ့ ရွိမွာပါ။ ေသခ်ာတာကေတာ့
သူကုိယ္တိုင္ေရြးခ်ယ္ထားတဲ့ လက္သပ္ေမြး တပည့္ေလးေတြျဖစ္တဲ့ ဗိုလ္ေရႊမန္းနဲ႔
ဗုိလ္ျမင့္ေဆြတို႔ကေတာ့ ပံုမွန္ဝင္ထြက္ေနၾကမွာပါ။
ေမး။ မၾကာေသးခင္က ဗိုလ္ျမင့္ေဆြက ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊနဲ႔ သိပ္နီးစပ္တဲ့ ဆက္ဆံေရး ရွိတယ္၊ သူ႔ကို

ဆက္ခံဖို႔အတြက္ သူသေဘာအက်ဆံုး လူလို႔ မွန္းဆေျပာဆိုေနတာမ်ဳိးေတြ ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့
အရင္တုန္းကလည္း ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊအေမြကို ဆက္ခံမယ့္သူဟာ ဗိုလ္ျမင့္ေဆြလို႔ ေျပာေနၾကတာမ်ဳိး
ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒါနဲ႔ပတ္သက္လို႔ ဘာမ်ား ေျပာခ်င္ပါသလဲခင္ဗ်ာ။ ဒီေနရာမွာ ေပ်ာက္ကြယ္ေနသူ
တဦးကေတာ့ ဗိုလ္ေမာင္ေအးပါ။ သူကေရာ ဘယ္လိုလဲ၊ သူ႔အေနအထားက ဘယ္လိုရွိပါသလဲ။
ေျဖ။ ဗိုလ္ေမာင္ေအးနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ေျပာရရင္ နအဖ (SPDC) ရဲ႕ ဝါစဥ္ဇယားအရ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊ

မနက္ျဖန္ ေသမယ္ဆိုရင္ ဗိုလ္ေမာင္ေအးပဲ နံပါတ္တစ္ ျဖစ္လာမွာပါ။ ဒါေပမဲ့ သူ႔အေမြကို
ဆက္ခံမဲ့သူကို ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊ ၾကိဳျပင္ထားႏိုင္ခဲ့မယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ ဗိုလ္ေမာင္ေအးကို သူ မလိုခ်င္ဘူး
ဆိုတာေတာ့ သိပ္ရွင္းတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ သူနဲ႔ ေမာင္ေအး အတူတကြ အၿငိမ္းစားယူၾကမွာပါ။
သူလိုခ်င္တာ ဗိုလ္ေရႊမန္းနဲ႔ ဗုိလ္ျမင့္ေဆြ တေယာက္ေယာက္ ျဖစ္မွာပါ။ ေရႊမန္းျဖစ္မလား၊
ျမင့္ေဆြျဖစ္မလားဆိုတာေတာ့ က်ေနာ္ မရွင္းေသးပါဘူး။ မၾကာေသးခင္ ရက္ေတြအထိေတာ့
လူတိုင္းက ေရႊမန္းလို႔ ေျပာေနၾကတယ္။ စာအုပ္ထဲ ဖတ္ၾကည့္လိုက္ေတာ့လည္း
အေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားက ေရႊမန္းလို႔ပဲ ေျပာေနၾကတယ္။ တခ်ဳိ႕ေျပာေတာ့လည္း ဗိုလ္ျမင့္ေဆြက
အလားအလာရွိတဲ့ ၿပိဳင္ဘက္တဲ့။ ဒါေပမဲ့ လူေတြက အခုထိ ေရႊမန္းလို႔ ေျပာေနၾကတုန္းပဲ။
မၾကာေသးခင္က ခန္႔မွန္းေျပာဆိုခ်က္ေတြ ၾကည့္ရတာေတာ့ ျမင့္ေဆြလို႔ ယူဆရပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့
အခုေျပာဖို႔ သိပ္ေစာလြန္းေနတယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ စစ္အစိုးရနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္လာရင္
ေနာက္ျပႆနာတခုက ေကာလာဟလ ျပန္႔တတ္တာပါ။ ဒါ သူ႔သဘာဝပါ။ ဒါေပမဲ့
တခါတရံေတာ့ က်ေနာ္ထင္တယ္၊ စစ္အစိုးရကိုယ္တိုင္က ရႈပ္ေထြးကုန္ေအာင္ တမင္တကာ
ေကာလာဟလ ျဖန္႔တာလို႔ ထင္ပါတယ္။ ဒီေတာ့ ျမင့္ေဆြနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ ေကာလာဟလ
အေပၚမွာလည္း တကယ္ျဖစ္လာတ့ဲအထိ က်ေနာ္ ဘာမွ မွတ္ခ်က္ မေပးႏိုင္ပါဘူး။
ေမး။ သန္းေရႊနဲ႔ ေမာင္ေအးအၾကားမွာ ကြဲအက္ေနၿပီဆိုတဲ့ ေကာလာဟလ ဟာလည္း ဒီလိုပဲ

တမင္ျဖန္႔တယ္လို႔ ခင္ဗ်ား ထင္သလား။ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ဒါဟာ သူတို႔ႏွစ္ေယာက္ၾကား တကယ္ကို
ကြဲေနၿပီလို႔ ခင္ဗ်ား ထင္သလား။
ေျဖ။ ဒါ ေျပာဖို႔ ခက္ပါတယ္။ သူတို႔ႏွစ္ေယာက္ၾကား အျမင္သေဘာထားေတြ

မတူၾကဘူးဆိုတာေတာ့ ယံုၾကည္ေလာက္တယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္
ဒီစာအုပ္အတြက္ သုေတသန လုပ္ေနစဥ္မွာ ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ား ေျပာၾကတာက

တခ်ဳိ႕ကိစၥေတြမွာ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊ ဆံုးျဖတ္တာကို ဗိုလ္ေမာင္ေအးက သေဘာမက်ဘူးတဲ့။
ေရႊဝါေရာင္ေတာ္လွန္ေရးကို ရက္ရက္စက္စက္ ႏိွမ္နင္းတာမ်ဳိးေပါ့။ လူေတြေျပာတဲ့ထဲ
စိတ္ဝင္စားစရာ ေကာင္းတာက ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊဟာ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ခ်ရာမွာ ျဖည္းျဖည္းပဲ
လုပ္တတ္တယ္တဲ့။ ေရႊဝါေရာင္ေတာ္လွန္ေရးတုန္းကလည္း ဒီလိုပါပဲ။ ဒီေတာ့ က်ေနာ္
ထင္တာက ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊနဲ႔ ဗိုလ္ေမာင္ေအး အၾကားမွာ ကြဲလြဲခ်က္ေတြေတာ့ ရွိတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့
ေမာင္ေအးက သန္းေရႊကို ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ ထိပ္တိုက္ေတြ႔ စိန္ေခၚမွာေတာ့ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ ျဖစ္လာမယ့္
အက်ဳိးဆက္ေတြကို သူသိထားလို႔ပဲ။ နံပါတ္ႏွစ္အေနနဲ႔လည္း သူ႔အေျခအေနက
သက္ေသာင့္သက္သာပါပဲ။ ဒီေတာ့ သူတုိ႔ခ်င္း သေဘာမတူတာေတြရွိေပမယ့္ အတူတူ မခြဲမခြာ
ေနၾကမွာပဲ။
ေမး။ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊက ၂ဝ၁ဝ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ အပါအဝင္ သူ႔အဆင့္ ၇ ဆင့္ပါ လမ္းျပေျမပံုကို

သူ႔ဆုတ္လမ္း တစိတ္တပိုင္းအေနနဲ႔ တပ္က အနားယူၿပီး သူလုပ္ထားခဲ့သမွ်ေတြကို သူနဲ႔အတူ
ေဖ်ာက္ပစ္လိုက္ဖို႔ ရည္ရြယ္လုပ္ထားတယ္လို႔ ထင္ပါသလား။
ေျဖ။ ဟုတ္ကဲ့၊ ဒါ အဓိက အေၾကာင္းရင္းႏွစ္ခု ရွိတယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ ပထမတခုက

သူနဲ႔ နီးစပ္တဲ့ သူ႔မိသားစု၊ သူ႔လက္သပ္ေမြးထားတာေတြ၊ သူနဲ႔စားေဖာ္စားဖက္ေတြနဲ႔
သူကိုယ္တိုင္အတြက္ အကာအကြယ္ ရခ်င္တာပဲ။ သူေသသြားရင္ေတာင္ သူ႔မိသားစုနဲ႔
သူ႔လူေတြအတြက္ သူက အကာအကြယ္ သိပ္ရခ်င္ေနတာ။ ဒုတိယတခ်က္က ေရွးတုန္းက
ျမန္မာဘုရင္ေတြလို သူက စံျပအျဖစ္ ေျပာစရာေလးေတြ အတိုင္းအတာတခုအထိ
ခ်န္ထားခဲ့ခ်င္တာ။ ေနျပည္ေတာ္မွာလည္း ေရွးေဟာင္းဘုရင္႐ုပ္တုၾကီး ၃ ခု တည္ထားတယ္။
ရာဇဝင္မွာ ဒီလိုဘုရင္ေတြက ေနျပည္ေတာ္သစ္တည္တာ စသျဖင့္ သူတို႔လုပ္ရပ္
အေမြအႏွစ္ေတြ ထားခဲ့ေလ့ရွိတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲတို႔၊ ေနျပည္ေတာ္ၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္သစ္ၾကီး
တည္တာတို႔ဟာ ေရွးတုန္းက ဘုရင္ေတြလို သူ႔လုပ္ရပ္ရယ္လို႔ ျပစရာ အေမြအႏွစ္ေတြ
ခ်န္ထားရစ္ခဲ့ဖို႔ လုပ္တာလို႔ ထင္ပါတယ္။
ေမး။ ဒီ႐ုပ္တုၾကီးေတြအေၾကာင္း ေျပာရတာ သူက သူ႔ကိုယ္သူ ဒီေရွးဘုရင္ေတြထဲက

တေယာက္ေယာက္လို႔ ထင္ေနသလားလို႔ ယူဆရပါတယ္။ သူ႔အေနနဲ႔ ဒီလို အယူအဆေတြအေပၚ
တကယ့္ကို စြဲလမ္းေနတယ္လို႔ ခင္ဗ်ားေရာ ထင္ပါသလား။
ေျဖ။ ဟုတ္ကဲ့ က်ေနာ္ ဒီလိုပဲ ထင္ပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္ ေနျပည္ေတာ္ကို

တရက္သြားလည္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ခင္ဗ်ား ေနျပည္ေတာ္ကို ေရာက္ရင္ ေတြ႔ပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ေရႊတိဂံုပံုတူ
ေစတီတဆူတည္ထားတာကို။ အျပင္ေရာ အတြင္းပါ ေရႊခ်ထားတာပါ။ ညဆုိလည္း မီးေတြ
လင္းထိန္ေအာင္ ထြန္းထားပါတယ္။ ေငြကုန္ေၾကးက်မ်ားစြာ အကုန္ခံၿပီး တည္ထားတာပါ။
ေနျပည္ေတာ္ကို လွည့္ပတ္ၾကည့္ၿပီးရင္ ရွင္းသြားပါၿပီ။ ေနျပည္ေတာ္ဆိုၿပီး ၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္သစ္
တည္တာဟာ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊက ျမန္မာဘုရင္ေတြေခတ္ကလို လိုက္လုပ္ေနတာပါပဲ။
ေမး။ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊရဲ႕ က်န္းမာေရးနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္လို႔ နည္းနည္းေလာက္ ေျပာျပႏိုင္မလားခင္ဗ်ာ။

ေျဖ။ ဒီႏွစ္ေတြထဲ ၾကိဳၾကားၾကိဳၾကား ေပၚလာတဲ့ သူ႔က်န္းမာေရးနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ့
သတင္းေတြကေတာ့ သူ အသက္သိပ္ၾကီးေနၿပီ၊ ေသေတာ့မယ္ဆိုတဲ့ သတင္းေတြပါဘဲ။ ဒါေပမဲ့
႐ုတ္တရက္ ျပန္ေပၚလာျပန္ၿပီး သူ႔ကို ၾကည့္လိုက္ရင္ က်န္းမာေနတာပဲ၊ သန္သန္မာမာပဲ။
က်ေနာ္တို႔ သိထားတာ သူ႔မွာ ဆီးခ်ဳိေရာဂါရွိတယ္။ ပေရာ့စတိတ္ကင္ဆာလည္း ရွိတယ္လို႔
ယံုၾကည္ရတယ္။ စကၤာပူကိုေတာင္ ေဆးသြားကုရေသးတယ္လို႔ ဆိုတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့
လူထုျမင္ကြင္းကို ျပန္ေပၚလာတဲ့အခါ ၾကည့္လိုက္ရင္ က်န္းမာေနတာပဲ။ ခ်ည့္နဲ႔ေနတဲ့ ပံုမရွိဘူး။
ကိုယ္အေလးခ်ိန္ မ်ားေနပံုရေပမယ့္ က်န္းက်န္းမာမာပါပဲ။ တကယ္တမ္း ဘာျဖစ္ေနတယ္ဆိုတာ
သိဖို႔ ခက္ေပမယ့္ က်န္းမာေရး ဆိုးေနတာေတာ့ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။
ေမး။ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊက ေဗဒင္လကၡဏာေပၚ ဘယ္ေလာက္ထိ အစြဲအလမ္းၾကီးပါသလဲ။
ေျဖ။ နကၡတ္ေဗဒင္အေပၚ သူယံုၾကည္တာက ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ခ်တဲ့ အခ်ိန္ေတြမွာေတာင္

အေတာ္ၾသဇာသက္ေရာက္တာ ေသခ်ာတယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ ေနျပည္ေတာ္ေျပာင္းဖို႔
သူ ေၾကျငာတာေတာင္ အခ်ိန္ကို ေသခ်ာဂ႐ုတစိုက္ ေရြးခ်ယ္ထားတာ။ ဒီလုိပါပဲ။
မၾကာေသးခင္ႏွစ္ေတြက အတိုက္အခံ လႈပ္ရွားသူေတြအေပၚ ခ်မွတ္ခဲ့တဲ့
ေထာင္ဒဏ္ေတြကလည္း နကၡတ္ေဗဒင္အရ အေသအခ်ာ တြက္ခ်က္ၿပီး ခ်ခဲ့တာပါ။
တကယ္ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ခ်ရာမွာ ဒီနကၡတ္ေဗဒင္ကလည္း အေၾကာင္းအခ်က္တခု ျဖစ္မွာေပါ့၊
တျခား အေၾကာင္းအခ်က္ေတြထဲက တခုျဖစ္မွာေပါ့။ ဥပမာ ေနျပည္ေတာ္ေျပာင္းတာမ်ဳိးေပါ့။
ေဗဒင္ဆရာေတြ အၾကံေပးတာလည္း ပါမယ္။ ေနာက္ၿပီး တျခား အေၾကာင္းအခ်က္ေတြလည္း
ရွိမယ္လုိ႔ က်ေနာ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ သမိုင္းအေမြ ခ်န္ထားခဲ့ခ်င္တာရယ္၊ ႏိုင္ငံလံုးကၽြတ္
အံုၾကြမႈၾကီးေတြ ေပၚလာရင္ သူတို႔ကိုယ္သူတို႔ ကာကြယ္ထားခ်င္တာရယ္၊ ႏိုင္ငံအလယ္ေခါင္မွာ
ကတုတ္က်င္းၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္ၾကီး တည္ထားခ်င္တာရယ္ စသျဖင့္ေပါ့။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ခုနေျပာတဲ့
မဟာဗ်ဴဟာ အခ်က္အလက္ေတြက ဟုတ္သည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ မဟုတ္သည္ျဖစ္ေစ ေဗဒင္အျပင္
ေနာက္ထပ္ အေၾကာင္းအခ်က္ေတြပါပဲ။
ေမး။ ခင္ဗ်ား ရထားတဲ့ သတင္းအခ်က္အလက္ေတြအရ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊဟာ ႏိုင္ငံျခား

တုိင္းျပည္ေတြက ဝင္ေရာက္က်ဴးေက်ာ္ တိုက္ခိုက္လာမယ့္ အႏၲရာယ္ကိုေတြးၿပီး
ေၾကာက္ေနတဲ့ေရာဂါ ရွိတယ္လို႔ ထင္ပါသလား။
ေျဖ။ က်ေနာ္ေတာ့ ရွိတယ္လို႔ ထင္တယ္။ အထူးသျဖင့္ အီရတ္စစ္ပြဲအၿပီးမွာ။

က်ေနာ့္စာအုပ္ထဲမွာ ကိုးကားထားတဲ့ သူ႔မိန္႔ခြန္းေတြကို ခင္ဗ်ား ဖတ္ၾကည့္ရင္ ေတြ႔လိမ့္မယ္။
သူက ျပည္ေထာင္စု ၾကံ႕ခိုင္ေရးအဖြဲ႔ (USDA) ရယ္၊ စစ္တပ္ရယ္၊ သူ႔စစ္သားေတြရယ္ကို
အမိန္႔ေပးထားတာ အထူးသျဖင့္ အေမရိကန္ က်ဴးေက်ာ္မႈအတြက္ အသင့္ျပင္ထားဖို႔ပဲ။ ဒါေၾကာင့္
သူ႔မွာ ဒီလို ေၾကာက္ေနတာမ်ဳိး ရွိတယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္ ထင္တယ္။ ခင္ဗ်ားသိတဲ့အတိုင္း ဒါမ်ဳိးက
ျဖစ္လာစရာ မရွိပါဘူး။ ဒါေပမဲ့ သူ႔မွာ ဒါကို ေၾကာက္ေနတာေတာ့ ရွိတယ္။
ေမး။ က်ေနာ္တို႔က ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊကို အာဏာရွင္၊ က်န္းမာေရး မေကာင္းသူ၊ ႏိုင္ငံျခားေၾကာက္

ေရာဂါရွိသူ၊ ေဗဒင္နကၡတ္ကို ယံုၾကည္စြဲလမ္းလြန္းသူအျဖစ္ သိထားၾကပါတယ္။ ဒါကိုပဲ

ျမန္မာျပည္က ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေတြ စစ္သားေတြက ဘာေၾကာင့္ သူ႔ကို ဒါေလာက္ေၾကာက္ၿပီး
သူ႔အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္မႈကို လက္ခံေနၾကတာလဲလို႔ ခင္ဗ်ား ထင္ပါသလဲ။
ေျဖ။ ဟုတ္ကဲ့ ဒီလိုေမးခြန္းမ်ဳိးေတြကိုပဲ က်ေနာ့္ဒီစာအုပ္အတြက္ သုေတသနလုပ္ေနစဥ္

တေလွ်ာက္လံုးမွာ လူအေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားကို ေမးခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဒီေလာက္ေတာင္ လူေတြၾကား
စန္းမရွိတဲ့လူ၊ လူထုကို တက္ၾကြလာေအာင္ လုပ္ႏိုင္စြမ္းတဲ့ ကိုယ္ပိုင္အရည္အခ်င္း မရွိတဲ့သူကို
လူေတြ ဘာေၾကာင့္ ဒီေလာက္ နာခံေနၾကသလဲဆိုတာ က်ေနာ္လည္း နားမလည္ႏိုင္လို႔ပါ။
ဘာေၾကာင့္ သူ ဒီေလာက္ေအာင္ျမင္ေနရတာလဲ။ လူေတြ ဘာေၾကာင့္ သူ႔အေၾကာင္းပဲ
ညဴးညဴေျပာဆုိေနၾကတာလဲဆုိတာလည္း က်ေနာ္ နားမလည္ပါဘူး။ လူေတြက စစ္အစိုးရကိုသာ
မဟုတ္ဘူး၊ သူ႔အေၾကာင္းလည္း အေတာ္ညည္းၾကတာ။ ဘယ္သူကမွ စစ္အစိုးရဆိုတာထဲကေန
မစဥ္းစားၾကဘူး။ က်ေနာ့္ ေကာက္ခ်က္ကေတာ့ ဒီျပႆနာက စနစ္နဲ႔ ဆိုင္တာ။ ျမန္မာစစ္တပ္ရဲ႕
အစဥ္အလာက `မင္း … သူ႔ကို မုန္းေနရင္ေတာင္ ကိုယ့္အထက္အရာရွိကို မဆန္႔က်င္နဲ႔၊
ဒါမ်ဳိးမလုပ္နဲ႔´ ဆိုတာပဲ။ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊ ေအာင္ျမင္တာ စစ္အစိုးရတြင္းမွာ ရာထူးေတြေပးၿပီး
ၾသဇာထူေထာင္ထားတဲ့ ယဥ္ေက်းမႈ အစဥ္အလာတရပ္ကို လုပ္ထားႏိုင္တာပဲ။ သူ
ခ်ီးေျမႇာက္ခဲ့တဲ့သူေတြ အမ်ားၾကီး၊ သူ ရာထူးတုိးေပးခဲ့တဲ့သူေတြ အမ်ားၾကီး။ ဒါေၾကာင့္
လူေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားက ဒီေက်းဇူးေၾကြးေတြေၾကာင့္ သစၥာခံေနၾကတာ။
ရာထူးေလးျပဳတ္သြားမွာ ေၾကာက္လို႔လည္း သစၥာခံေနရတာ။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ပဲ စစ္အစိုးရတြင္းမွာ
သူ႔ကိုဖယ္ရွားမပစ္ရဲတဲ့ အေၾကာက္တရားဆိုတဲ့ ယဥ္ေက်းမႈ ထြန္းကားေနတာ။
ေမး။ ဗိုလ္သန္းေရႊဟာ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံကို ႏွစ္ေပါင္း ၄ဝ ေက်ာ္ အုပ္စိုးခဲ့တဲ့ စစ္တပ္အေဆာက္အအံုရဲ႕

အစိတ္အပိုင္းတရပ္လို႔ ခင္ဗ်ား ေျပာမလား။ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ဒီအတိုင္းကို လုပ္မယ္လို႔
စိတ္ပိုင္းျဖတ္ထားတဲ့ တသီးပုဂၢလ အာဏာရွင္လား။
ေျဖ။ က်ေနာ္ထင္တာ သူက ႏွစ္ခုလံုးပါပဲ။ သူဟာ စနစ္ရဲ႕ အထြက္ပစၥည္းတရပ္လည္း

ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ ျမန္မာျပည္ရဲ႕ ျပႆနာက ဦးသန္းေရႊထက္ အမ်ားၾကီး ၾကီးမားပါတယ္။
ဦးသန္းေရႊျပႆာနာ တခုထဲ ေျဖရွင္းႏိုင္႐ုံနဲ႔ ျမန္မာျပည္ျပႆနာ ေျပလည္သြားမွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။
က်ေနာ္ ထင္တယ္။ သူဟာ စစ္အစိုးရတြင္းမွာ ေခါင္းမာဂိုဏ္းသားတဦးပဲ။ ဘာပဲလုပ္ရလုပ္ရ
အာဏာကို ဖက္တြယ္ထားမယ္ဆိုတဲ့ သူပဲ။ ေဆြးေႏြးညိႇႏိႈင္းတာ မလုပ္လိုသူ၊ အေပးအယူ
အေလွ်ာ့အတင္း မလုပ္လုိသူလည္း ျဖစ္တယ္။ သူဟာ ဒီစနစ္ၾကီးကို ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ထားႏိုင္စြမ္းရွိတဲ့
တသီးပုဂၢလပုဂၢိဳလ္ တဦးလည္း ျဖစ္တယ္။ စနစ္ရဲ႕ အထြက္ပစၥည္းလည္း ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ေဒၚစုႏွင့္ သက္ရြယ္ၾကီး ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ၃ ဦး ေတြ႔ဆံု

ဖနိဒါ | ဗုဒၶဟူးေန႔၊ ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၁၆ ရက္ ၂၀၀၉ ခုႏွစ္ ၁၁ နာရီ ၃၃ မိနစ္
http://www.mizzimaburmese.com/news/inside-burma/4392-2009-12-17-05-16-
07.html
ခ်င္းမုိင္(မဇိၩမ) ။ ။ ရွားရွားပါးပါး ႏိုင္ငံေရး တိုးတက္မႈတခု အေနျဖင့္ ေနအိမ္အခ်ဳပ္

က်ခံေနရေသာ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က သူမ၏ ပါတီမွ အသက္ရြယ္ၾကီး ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ၃
ဦးကို ယေန႔တြင္ ဂါရဝျပဳခြင့္ ရခဲ့သည္။
စစ္အစိုးရ၏ စီစဥ္ခြင့္ျပဳခ်က္ျဖင့္ အသက္ ၉၂ ႏွစ္အရြယ္ အမ်ဳိးသား ဒီမိုကေရစီ အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ ဥကၠဌ

ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ၊ အသက္ ၈၈ ႏွစ္အရြယ္ ဗဟို အလုပ္မႈေဆာင္ အဖြဲ႔ဝင္ ဦးလြန္းတင္ႏွင့္
လက္တြန္းလွည္းကို အမ်ားအားျဖင့္ အားျပဳသြားလာေနရေသာ အတြင္းေရးမႉး ဦးလြင္တို႔ကို
အသက္ ၆၄ ႏွစ္ရွိ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ရန္ကုန္ျမိဳ႔ စိမ္းလဲ့ကန္သာ အစိုးရဧည့္ေဂဟာတြင္
နံနက္ ၁၁ နာရီမွစတင္၍ တနာရီၾကာ ေတြ႔ဆံုခဲ့ၾကသည္။
“ဒီေန႔ ၁နာရီေလာက္ေတြ႔တယ္လုိ႔ သိရတယ္။ ဘာေတြ ေျပာျဖစ္ခဲ့ၾကတယ္ဆုိတာ ဘာမွ

မသိေသးဘူး။ အခုအခ်က္အလက္ေတြ စုတုန္းပဲ ရွိေသးတယ္။ ဟုိတဝက္ ဒီတဝက္ျဖစ္ေနလုိ႔
စုေဆာင္းတုန္းပါ”ဟု ပါတီေျပာေရးဆိုခြင့္ရွိသူ ဦးဥာဏ္ဝင္းက ေျပာသည္။
ပါတီတြင္း သတင္းရပ္ကြက္မ်ားအရ ေတြ႔ဆံုခဲ့သူအားလံုး အားရေက်နပ္ ေပ်ာ္ရြင္မႈမ်ား

ရွိေနခဲ့သည့္ လကၡဏာရွိသည္ဟု ဆုိသည္။ က်န္ေသာ ေခါင္းေဆာင္အခ်ဳိ႔ႏွင့္လည္း
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္တို႔ ေနာက္ရက္ပို္င္းတြင္ ေတြ႔ဆံုခြင့္ရႏိုင္ဖြယ္ရွိေၾကာင္း
ယူဆေနၾကသည္။
ႏိုဝင္ဘာလက အတိုက္အခံေခါင္းေဆာင္က ႏိုင္ငံျခားပိတ္ဆို႔အေရးယူမႈမ်ား ပယ္ဖ်က္ေရးတြင္

ပူးေပါင္းေျဖရွင္းေပးမည္ဟု ကမ္းလွမ္းထားေသာ စာထဲတြင္ ပါတီ၏ ဗဟိုအလုပ္မႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔ဝင္
၁၁ ဦးႏွင့္ပါ ေတြ႔ဆံုဂါရဝျပဳခြင့္ပါ ေတာင္းခံထားခဲ့သည္။
ေနအိမ္မ်ားသို႔ သြားေရာက္ဂါရဝျပဳခြင့္ေတာင္းခံခဲ့သည္ကို အစိုးရဧည့္ေဂဟာသို႔

သတ္မွတ္ေပးျခင္းႏွင့္ က်န္ စီအီးစီအဖြဲ႔ဝင္မ်ား မပါရွိျခင္းအေပၚ ေဝဖန္ေျပာဆိုမႈမ်ား ရွိေနခဲ့သည္။
ယေန႔တြင္ ျငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးႏိုဘယ္ဆုရွင္ေနအိမ္ရွိရာ တကၠသုိလ္ရိပ္သာလမ္းေပၚႏွင့္ ဧည့္ေဂဟာ

အဝင္လမ္းမ်ားတြင္ လံုျခံဳေရးမ်ား ထူထပ္ေနခဲ့သည္ဟု မဇၩိမ၏ ျပည္တြင္း
သတင္းေထာက္တဦးက ေျပာသည္။
အန္အယ္ဒီ၏ ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔ဝင္မ်ားတြင္ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ (ဥကၠဌ) ဦးတင္ဦး (ဒုဥကၠဌ)၊

ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ (အေထြေထြအတြင္းေရးမႉး)၊ ဦးလြင္ (အတြင္းေရးမႉး)ႏွင့္ အဖြဲ႔ဝင္မ်ားမွာ

ဦးဝင္းတင္၊ ဦးသန္းထြန္း၊ သခင္စိုးျမင့္၊ ဦးလွေဖ၊ ဦးလြန္းတင္၊ ဦးညြန္႔ေဝ၊ ဦးခင္ေမာင္ေဆြတုိ႔
ျဖစ္သည္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ ေတာင္းဆုိခ်က္မ်ားသည္ တရားမွ်တေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ ဧည့္ရိပ္သာတြင္

ေတြ႔ရန္စီစဥ္ျခင္းသည္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္၏ လံုျခံဳေရးေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္သည္ဟု
ထို္င္းႏိုင္ငံအေျခစိုက္ ျမန္မာ့အေရးေလ့လာသူ ဦးေအာင္ႏုိင္က သံုးသပ္သည္။
“အစုိးရဘက္ကလည္း ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ထားတာကုိ တစံုအရာ ေလ်ာ့ေပးလာတယ္လုိ႔ ထင္တယ္။

ျပန္ျခံဳၾကည့္မယ္ဆုိရင္ အန္အယ္ဒီရဲ့ လႈပ္ရွားမႈေတြကုိ နည္းနည္းခြင့္ျပဳလာတယ္တဲ့
သေဘာရွိတယ္။ အဲေတာ့ ေတြ႔ဆံုမႈေတြ ေပးလာတယ္၊ ဒါေပမဲ့ အျပည့္အဝၾကီးေတာ့
မဟုတ္ဘူးေပါ့ေနာ္” ဟု ဦးေအာင္ႏိုင္ဦးက ေျပာသည္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ႏွင့္ ပါတီ စီအီးစီအဖြဲ႔ဝင္တခ်ဳိ႔ ေနာက္ဆံုးအၾကိမ္ေတြ႔ဆံုခဲ့သည္မွာ

ေဖေဖာ္ဝါရီလ ၂ ရက္ေန႔က ျဖစ္ျပီး ပါတီဥကၠဌႏွင့္လည္း ၂၀၀၇ ခု ႏွစ္ ေဖေဖာ္ဝါရီလက
'စိမ္းလဲ့ကန္သာ' ၌ပင္ ေတြ႔ဆံုခြင့္ရခဲ့သည္။
ပါတီတြင္း ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲမႈလုပ္ရန္ အန္အယ္ဒီ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ၾကီးမ်ား သေဘာတူ
ပါတီတြင္း ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲမႈလုပ္ရန္
အန္အယ္ဒီ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ၾကီးမ်ား သေဘာတူ
ဖနိဒါ | ဗုဒၶဟူးေန႔၊ ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၁၆ ရက္ ၂၀၀၉ ခုႏွစ္ ၁၁ နာရီ ၃၇ မိနစ္
http://www.mizzimaburmese.com/news/inside-burma/4394-2009-12-17-05-19-
51.html
ခ်င္းမုိင္(မဇိၩမ)။ ။ အမ်ဳိးသား ဒီမုိကေရစီ အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္အား ျပဳျပင္ ေျပာင္းလဲရန္
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ ႏွင့္ ပါတီ ဗဟို အလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္ သက္ၾကီး ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားအၾကား
ယေန႔ သေဘာတူလိုက္ၾကသည္။
ဥကၠဌ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ၊ အတြင္းေရးမႉး ဦးလြင္၊ ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔ဝင္ ဦးလြန္းတင္ႏွင့္

ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္တို႔ စစ္အစုိးရ အစီအစဥ္ျဖင့္ စိမ္းလဲ့ကန္သာ ဧည့္ေဂဟာတြင္ ၁ နာရီၾကာ
ေတြ႔ဆံုစဥ္ စစ္အစိုးရ၏ စိန္ေခၚမႈကို ခံေနရေသာ ပါတီတြင္း
ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲမႈလုပ္ရန္လိုအပ္ေနသည္ကို သေဘာတူညီမႈ ရခဲ့ၾကသည္။
“က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ အမ်ဳိးသားဒီမုိကေရစီ အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ဟာလည္း ျပန္လည္ဖြဲ႔စည္းဖုိ႔ လုိအပ္ေနတယ္ဆုိတာ

ေတြ ေဆြးေႏြးတယ္။ အေသးစိတ္ေဆြးေႏြးခ်က္ေတြေတာ့ မသိေသးဘူး” ဟု ပါတီ၏ ေျပာခြင့္ရ
ပုဂၢိဳလ္ ဦးဥာဏ္ဝင္းက မဇၥ်ိမကို ေျပာသည္။
ထုိ႔အျပင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္၏ ႏုိင္ငံေရး ရပ္တည္ခ်က္၊ ႏုိင္ငံေရး လုပ္ေဆာင္ခ်က္မ်ားအား

ဆက္လက္ ေထာက္ခံသြားမည္ဟု ဦးလြန္းတင္က ေျပာၾကားသြားသည္ဟုလည္း သူက
ကုိုးကားေျပာသည္။
ပါတီေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားႏွင့္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္တုိ႔ ႏွစ္ဘက္စလံုးက ယေန႔ ေတြ႔ဆံုမႈအေပၚ

ဝမ္းသာ အားရေက်နပ္ခဲ့ၾကဟန္ရွိသည္ဟု ပါတီသတင္းရပ္ကြက္မ်ားက ေျပာသည္။
၂၀၀၇ ခုႏွစ္ ႏုိဝင္ဘာလအတြင္းကလည္း ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ႏွင့္ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊတုိ႔ ေတြ႔ဆံုခြင့္

ရခဲ့သည္။
ယခုႏွစ္ ေဖေဖာ္ဝါရီလအတြင္း ကုလသမဂၢ အထူးကိုယ္စားလွယ္ မစၥတာ ဂန္ဘာရီႏွင့္ မေတြ႔

ဆုံၾကမီ CEC အဖြဲ႔ဝင္ တခ်ဳိ႕ႏွင့္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္း စုၾကည္တို႔ ေတြ႔ဆံုခဲ့ေသးသည္။
အန္အယ္ဒီသည္ ၁၉၉၀ ခုႏွစ္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲတြင္ မဲအျပတ္အသတ္ျဖင့္ အႏိုင္ရခဲ့ေသာ္လည္း
စစ္အစိုးရက အာဏာလႊဲေပးရန္ ျငင္းဆန္ထားျပီး ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္အပါအဝင္
ပါတီဝင္အမ်ားအျပား ေထာင္ခ်ခံရကာ ႐ုံုးမ်ားလည္ပတ္မႈကို ကန္႔သတ္ခဲ့သည္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ႏွင့္ စစ္အစိုးရအၾကီးအကဲ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးၾကီးသန္းေရႊတို႔ ေတြ႔ဆံုေဆြးေႏြးရန္

အန္အယ္ဒီက လက္ရွိေတာင္းဆိုထားခ်ိန္တြင္ စစ္အစိုးရက လာမည့္ႏွစ္တြင္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ
ျပဳလုပ္ရန္ ကတိေပးထားသည္။
ျမန္မာ့ အနာဂတ္မ်ဳိးဆက္ အႏၲရာယ္ရွိေန ဟု

ITUC ေျပာ
မံုပီး | ၾကာသပေတးေန႔၊ ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၁၇ ရက္ ၂၀၀၉ ခုႏွစ္ ၁၃ နာရီ ၁၀ မိနစ္
နယူးေဒလီ (မဇၩိမ)။ ။ ပညာေရးတြင္ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ မရွိျခင္းေၾကာင့္ သန္းႏွင့္ခ်ီေသာ
ေက်ာင္းသားမ်ား ေက်ာင္းမွ ထြက္ၾကရၿပီး အနာဂတ္ မ်ဳိးဆက္သည္ `အႏၲရာယ္တြင္း´ သို႔
က်ေရာက္ေနသည္ဟု ႏိုင္ငံတကာ အလုပ္သမားသမဂၢ အဖြဲ႔ၾကီးတခုက ေျပာဆိုလိုက္သည္။
တကမၻာလုံးမွ အလုပ္သမားမ်ား၏ ကြန္ရက္ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းၾကီးျဖစ္ေသာ ႏိုင္ငံတကာ အလုပ္သမား

သမဂၢမ်ား ကြန္ဖက္ဒေရးရွင္း (ITUC) က မၾကာေသးမီက ထုတ္ျပန္လိုက္ေသာ
`ျမန္မာကေလးမ်ား-မ်ဳိးဆက္တဆက္ စေတးခံရျခင္း´ ဆိုသည့္ အစီရင္ခံစာတြင္ စစ္အစိုးရက
ပညာေရးႏွင့္ က်န္းမာေရးတြင္ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံရန္ ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ မရွိေသာေၾကာင့္
ျမန္မာ့အနာဂတ္မ်ဳိးဆက္မွာ အႏၲရာယ္တြင္းသို႔ က်ေရာက္ေနသည္ဟု ေရးသားထားသည္။
စစ္အစိုးရသည္ စုစုေပါင္း ျပည္တြင္းထြက္ကုန္ (GDP) ၏ ၄၀ % ကို စစ္ေရးအတြက္

အသုံးျပဳေနၿပီး ပညာေရးအတြက္ ၀.၉ % ႏွင့္ က်န္းမာေရးအတြက္ ၀.၅ % သာ
အသီးသီးအသံုးျပဳသည္ဟု ထိုအစီရင္ခံစာက ဆိုသည္။
''စစ္အစိုးရက ပညာေရးအတြက္ မျဖစ္စေလာက္မွ်သာ အသံုးျပဳေနၿပီး အစိုးရဘတ္ဂ်က္၏

အမ်ားစုကို စစ္တပ္အတြက္ အသံုးျပဳေနသမွ် ကာလပတ္လံုး ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ၾကီးမ်ားသည္
ျမန္မာျပည္သူမ်ားအတြက္၎၊ အနာဂတ္ မ်ဳိးဆက္မ်ားအတြက္၎ ထည့္သြင္းစဥ္းစားသည္ဟု
ယံုၾကည္ရန္ အေၾကာင္းမရွိပါ'' ဟု အဆိုပါ စာအုပ္ကို ေရးသားသူ Samuel Grumiau က
မဇၩိမကို ေျပာသည္။
ျမန္မာျပည္သူမ်ားသည္ သူတို႔ကေလးမ်ား၏ ပညာေရးကို အစဥ္အၿမဲ

အလြန္တန္ဖိုးထားေသာ္လည္း ပညာေရးတြင္ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈခ်ဳိ႕တဲ့ျခင္း၏ အက်ဳိးဆက္အျဖစ္
ေပၚေပါက္လာေသာ ပညာသင္ကာလမၿပီးဆံုးမီ ေက်ာင္းထြက္ရသူမ်ား၏ ႏံႈးထား
အလြန္ျမင့္မားလာျခင္းေၾကာင့္ စာမတတ္သည့္ အနာဂတ္မ်ဳိးဆက္ကို ေမြးထုတ္ေပးေနသည္ဟု
Grumiau က ေျပာသည္။
ပညာေရးတြင္ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ မရွိျခင္း၊ လူေနမႈအဆင့္အတန္း နိမ့္က်ျခင္း၊ စီးပြားေရးအေျခအေန

ပ်က္စီးယိုယြင္းျခင္း၊ ကေလးအလုပ္သမားမ်ား ရွိေနျခင္းတို႔ေၾကာင့္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံရွိ
သန္းေပါင္းမ်ားစြာေသာ ကေလးမ်ားသည္ ေက်ာင္းကို သြားရမည့္အစား အလုပ္ခြင္ထဲသို႔သာ
ေရာက္ကုန္ၾကသည္ဟု အစီရင္ခံစာက ဆိုသည္။
ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံရွိ ေက်ာင္းမတက္ႏုိင္သည့္၊ ေက်ာင္းတက္ရန္ မတတ္ႏိုင္သည့္

သန္းေပါင္းမ်ားစြာေသာ ကေလးမ်ားသည္ ကေလးလုပ္သားမ်ားအျဖစ္သာ ဘဝဆုံးၾကရသည္ဟု
Grumiau က ဆိုသည္။ အခ်ဳိ႕ေသာ အဆိုးရြားဆုံး ျဖစ္ရပ္မ်ားတြင္မူ အဆိုပါ
ကေလးအလုပ္သမားမ်ားသည္ သူေတာင္းစားဘဝ၊ ျပည့္တန္ဆာဘဝ ေရာက္ၾကရၿပီး အခ်ဳိ႕မွာ
အလြန္အႏၲရာယ္မ်ားေသာ လုပ္ငန္းခြင္မ်ားတြင္ အလုပ္လုပ္ေနၾကရသည္ဟု ေျပာသည္။
''ေထာင္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာေသာ အဆိုပါ ကေလးမ်ားမွာ ျမန္မာစစ္တပ္ အပါအဝင္ အမ်ဳိးမ်ဳိးေသာ

လက္နက္ကိုင္ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ားအတြင္းသို႔ သိမ္းသြင္းစုေဆာင္းျခင္း ခံၾကရသည္'' ဟု သူက
ဆက္လက္ေျပာဆိုသည္။
''ပညာေရးနဲ႔ လူထုစားဝတ္ေနေရးကို ျမႇင့္တင္ရမွာ အစုိးရရဲ႕ တာဝန္ျဖစ္တာေၾကာင့္ စစ္အစိုးရက

အာဏာကို ဆက္လက္ကိုင္စြဲထားဖို႔ ပိုင္းျဖတ္ခ်က္ခ်ထားျခင္းဟာ ကေလးအလုပ္သမားကိစၥနဲ႔
တိုက္႐ိုက္ဆက္စပ္ေနတယ္'' ဟုလည္း ဘရပ္ဆဲလ္ၿမိဳ႕မွ Grumiau က မဇၩိမကို ေျပာသည္။
အလုပ္သမားမ်ားမွာ အလုပ္သမားအဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ား မရွိျခင္းေၾကာင့္ လုပ္ခလစာ

တိုးျမႇင့္ရရွိေရးအတြက္ အလုပ္ရွင္မ်ားႏွင့္ ညိႇႏိႈင္းရန္၊ ေတာင္းဆိုရန္ အခြင့္အေရး မရဟုလည္း
သူက ေျပာသည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ လုပ္ခလစာ အလြန္အမင္း နိမ့္က်ျခင္းမ်ား ေပၚေပါက္လာၿပီး
မိသားစုစားဝတ္ေနေရးအတြက္ မိဘမ်ားက သူတို႔ကေလးမ်ားကို အလုပ္ခြင္ထဲသို႔
သြတ္သြင္းၾကရသည္ဟုလည္း သူက ေျပာသည္။
ဥပမာအားျဖင့္ ဆရာမ်ား၏ လုပ္ခလစာမွာ မငတ္႐ံုတမယ္သာရွိသျဖင့္

အပိုဝင္ေငြရွာသည့္အေနႏွင့္ ကေလးမ်ားကို ကိုယ္ပိုင္က်ဴရွင္ဟူ၍ သင္တန္းမ်ား ေပးၾကရသည္။

ကေလးမ်ားက ထိုသင္တန္းမ်ားအတြက္ သင္တန္းေၾကး သပ္သပ္ေပးၾကရသည္။
ပိုက္ဆံတတ္ႏိုင္ေသာ ကေလးမ်ားက က်ဴရွင္တက္ၿပီး စာေမးပြဲတြင္ အမွတ္ေကာင္းေကာင္း
ရၾကသည္။ မတတ္ႏိုင္သူတို႔မွာ စာေမးပြဲက်ၾကၿပီး ေက်ာင္းမွထြက္ကာ အလုပ္ထဲဝင္ရသည့္
အေျခအေန ေရာက္ကုန္ၾကသည္။
''ဒီစနစ္က စာေမးပြဲေအာင္လက္မွတ္ေတြ ေရာင္းေနသလိုပဲ။ က်ေနာ္နဲ႔ ေတြ႔ဆံုခဲ့တဲ့ ဆရာေတြက

ဒီစနစ္အေပၚ အရမ္းဝမ္းနည္း စိတ္ပ်က္ၾကတယ္။ သူတို႔လစာ သင့္ေတာ္မွ်တ႐ံုေလးေလာက္
ရမယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာင္ ဒါမ်ဳိး ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ က်ဴရွင္ေပးစားၾကမွာ မဟုတ္ဘူး'' ဟု Grumaiu က
ITUC အစီရင္ခံစာအရ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ စုစုေပါင္းလူဦးေရ ၅၇ သန္း၏ ၂၅ % မွာ အသက္ ၁၄

ႏွစ္ေအာက္ ျဖစ္ၾကၿပီး၊ ၄ဝ % မွာ ၁၈ ႏွစ္ေအာက္ ျဖစ္ၾကသည္။ အသက္ ၅ ႏွစ္ မွ ၁၃
ႏွစ္အၾကား ကေလး အနည္းဆံုး ၄ သန္းသည္ ၂ဝဝ၆ ခုႏွစ္အတြင္း ေက်ာင္းတက္ျခင္း မရွိၾကဟု
ခန္႔မွန္းေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။
ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွ စစ္အစိုးရအဆက္ဆက္၏ စီးပြားေရးမူဝါဒမ်ားေၾကာင့္ တိုင္းျပည္မွာ

ဆင္းရဲတြင္းနက္ခဲ့ရသည္။ လူဦးေရ စုစုေပါင္း၏ ၉၅ % ေက်ာ္မွာ တေန႔လွ်င္
တေဒၚလာေအာက္သာ ဝင္ေငြရွိၾကၿပီး ၉ဝ % မွာ တေန႔လွ်င္ ၆၅ ဆင့္သာ ဝင္ေငြရွိၾကသည္ဟု
အစီရင္ခံစာက ဆိုသည္။
စာေတြ႔အရ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံတြင္ ၄ တန္းအထိ (မူလတန္းၿပီးဆံုးသည္အထိ) အခမဲ့ မသင္မေနရ

ပညာေရး ဥပေဒအရ ရွိသည္ဟု ဆိုေသာ္လည္း ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတမႈအဆင့္ေအာက္ရွိ မိဘအမ်ားစုမွာ
မိသားစု စားဝတ္ေနေရးအတြက္ ကေလးမ်ား၏ လုပ္အားႏွင့္ လုပ္ခလစာကို မွီခိုေနရသည့္
အေျခအေနတြင္ ရွိေနသည္ဟု အစီရင္ခံစာက ဆိုသည္။
ကေလးလုပ္သားမ်ားမွာ အလုပ္မ်ဳိးစံု လုပ္ၾကရသည္။ အမိႈက္ပံုတြင္ အမိႈက္ေကာက္ျခင္းမ်ား၊

လက္ဖက္ရည္ဆိုင္ႏွင့္ စားေသာက္ဆိုင္မ်ားတြင္ စားပြဲထိုးလုပ္ျခင္း၊ လယ္ယာလုပ္ငန္းခြင္တြင္
ခိုင္းေစျခင္း၊ အိမ္ေဖာ္လုပ္ျခင္း၊ အေသးစား စက္မႈလက္မႈ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားတြင္ လုပ္ကိုင္ျခင္း၊
သတၱဳတြင္းမ်ားတြင္ လုပ္ကိုင္ျခင္း စသျဖင့္ အလုပ္မ်ဳိးစုံ လုပ္ကိုင္ၾကရသည္။ အခ်ဳိ႕ဆိုလွ်င္
ျပည့္တန္ဆာအျဖစ္ပင္ လုပ္ကိုင္ၾကရသည္ဟု အစီရင္ခံစာက ေရးသားထားသည္။
ထို႔ျပင္ ကေလးမ်ားမွာ အာဏာပိုင္မ်ား၏ အဓမၼလုပ္အားေပး ခိုင္းေစျခင္းကိုလည္း မၾကာခဏ

ခံၾကရသည္ဟု အစီရင္ခံစာက ဆုိသည္။ အထူးသျဖင့္ အလုပ္လုပ္ႏိုင္မည့္ လူၾကီးမ်ား
မရွိသည့္အခ်ိန္တြင္ သူတို႔ကို ေခၚယူခိုင္းေစသည္ဟု ေျပာသည္။ ထို႔ျပင္ သူတို႔ကို
စစ္စခန္းမ်ားတြင္ ကေလးစစ္သားမ်ားအျဖစ္လည္း စုေဆာင္းေခၚယူထားသည္ဟု ေျပာသည္။
ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံတြင္ ကေလးစစ္သားခန္႔မွန္းေျခ ၇ဝဝဝဝ ေက်ာ္ ရွိသည္။ သို႔ေသာ္

နယူးေယာက္အေျခစိုက္ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရး ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေရးအဖြဲ႔ၾကီး (HRW) ကမူ စစ္အစိုးရက

သတင္းစီးဆင္းမႈကို မလြယ္ကူေအာင္ လုပ္ထားသျဖင့္ ကေလးစစ္သား အေရအတြက္ကို
အတိအက် မခန္႔မွန္းႏိုင္ အၿမဲပင္ ကြဲလြဲေနမည္သာျဖစ္သည္ဟု ေျပာဆိုသည္။
''အေရးၾကီးတဲ့အခ်က္က စစ္တပ္ထဲကို ကေလးစစ္သားေတြ စုေဆာင္းသိမ္းသြင္းေနတာ

ရွိေနတုန္းပဲဆိုတဲ့ အခ်က္ပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္'' ဟု HRW ၏ ျမန္မာ့ေရးရာ သုေတသီ ေဒးဗစ္စေကာ့
မက္သီဆန္ (David Scott Mathieson) က အေစာပုိင္းတြင္ မဇၩိမကို ေျပာသည္။
ျမန္မာ့အနာဂတ္မ်ဳိးဆက္ကို ကယ္ဆယ္ရန္ တခုတည္းေသာ နည္းလမ္းမွာ အလုပ္သမားသမဂၢ

အခြင့္အေရးမ်ား အပါအဝင္ ဒီမိုကေရစီႏွင့္ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရးမ်ား ျပန္လည္ရရွိေအာင္
ျပဳလုပ္ေရးပင္ျဖစ္သည္ဟု Grumiau က ေျပာသည္။
''ဒီမိုကေရစီ အစိုးရတရပ္ကေတာ့ ပညာေရးအတြက္ လံုေလာက္သင့္ေတာ္တဲ့ ဘတ္ဂ်က္ကို

ကေလးေတြအတြက္ ႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕ အနာဂတ္အတြက္ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံတာေတြ လုပ္မွာပဲ'' ဟု သူက
ေျပာသည္။ ''ျမန္မာအလုပ္သမားေတြမွာ အလုပ္ရွင္ေတြနဲ႔ ညိႇႏိႈင္းအေရးဆိုႏိုင္တဲ့
အခြင့္အေရးေတြရွိလာရင္ သူတို႔လုပ္ခလစာ ေကာင္းေကာင္းရလာမွာပဲဟုလည္း သူက
ဆက္လက္ေျပာဆိုသည္။
သို႔ေသာ္ စစ္အစိုးရက သူတို႔အာဏာကို လက္မလႊတ္ဘဲ ဆက္လက္ကိုင္စြဲထားရန္

ပိုင္းျဖတ္ထားျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ႏိုင္ငံတြင္း အေျပာင္းအလဲမ်ား ျဖစ္ေပၚလာေရးအတြက္ ႏိုင္ငံတကာ
အသိုင္းအဝိုင္းက စီးပြားေရးႏွင့္ ႏိုင္ငံေရးဖိအားမ်ား ဆက္ေပးဖို႔လိုသည္ဟုလည္း Grumiau က
ႏိုင္ငံတကာ အသိုင္းအဝိုင္းအေနႏွင့္ ''ILO ၏ အဓမၼလုပ္အားေပးႏွင့္ ကေလးစစ္သားမ်ား

စစ္တပ္တြင္းသို႔ စုေဆာင္းသိမ္းသြင္းသည့္ ကိစၥမ်ားကို ဆန္႔က်င္တိုက္ဖ်က္ေနသည့္
လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားတြင္လည္း ေထာက္ခံအားေပးမႈ ျပဳသင့္သည္။ ေဒသတြင္းမွ အင္အားၾကီးႏိုင္ငံမ်ား
(တ႐ုတ္၊ အိႏၵိယ၊ ထိုင္း အပါအဝင္) တို႔က စစ္မွန္ေသာ ဖိအားမ်ားေပးမွသာ
ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ၾကီးမ်ားအေပၚ အႏၲရာယ္က်ေရာက္လာၿပီး သူတုိ႔၏ ဆိုးရြားမွားယြင္းေသာ မူဝါဒမ်ားကို
ျပန္လည္စဥ္းစားလာေစလိမ့္မည္'' ဟု သူက ဆက္လက္ေျပာဆိုသည္။
လိႈင္သာယာတြင္ အလုပ္သမားမ်ား ဆႏၵျပ

လိႈင္သာယာတြင္ အလုပ္သမားမ်ား ဆႏၵျပ

ဖနိဒါ | ၾကာသပေတးေန႔၊ ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၁၇ ရက္ ၂၀၀၉ ခုႏွစ္ ၁၃ နာရီ ၃၄ မိနစ္
ခ်င္းမုိင္(မဇိၩမ)။ ။ လိႈင္သာယာျမိဳ႔နယ္ စက္မႈဇံု ၃ ရွိ Weng Hong Hung အထည္ခ်ဳပ္
စက္႐ုံတြင္ အလုပ္သမားမ်ားက ယေန႔နံနက္ ၈ နာရီမွ စတင္ကာ ဆႏၵျပ ေတာင္းဆိုမႈမ်ား
ရွိေနသည္။
“အလုပ္သမားေတြ ဆႏၵျပတာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ ေတာင္းဆုိၾကတာပါ။ Weng Hong Hung

စက္႐ုံမွာပါ။ ဒီမနက္ ကတည္းကဘဲ။ အလုပ္စဝင္ကတည္းကပဲ။ လူၾကီးေတြ အခုမွ
ညွိေနတုန္းပါ”ဟု စက္မႈဇုန္ရွိ အမည္မေဖာ္လုိသူ အလုပ္သမားေရးရာ အရာရွိတဦးက မဇၩိမသို႔
တယ္လီဖုန္းမွတဆင့္ ေျပာသည္။
သို႔ေသာ္လည္း အေသးစိတ္ေျပာရန္ကိုမူ သူက ျငင္းဆိုလိုက္သည္။
ဆႏၵျပသူ ၈၀၀ ခန္႔ရွိျပီး အခ်က္ ၁၄ ခ်က္ ေတာင္းဆိုထားသည္ဟု လတ္တေလာ သိရေၾကာင္း

ရန္ကုန္ရွိ မဇိၩမ သတင္းေထာက္က ေျပာသည္။
ျပည္ထဲေရးဝန္ၾကီး ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေမာင္ဦးႏွင့္ သက္ဆုိင္ရာ တာဝန္ရွိသူမ်ား စက္႐ုံအတြင္း

ေရာက္ရွိေၾကာင္း သူက ေျပာသည္။
“ျပည္ထဲေရးဝန္ၾကီးေရာ။ ရဲခ်ဳပ္ေရာ။ ေရာက္ေနတယ္။ အလုပ္သမားေတြ ေတာင္းဆုိတာကုိ

ညွိႏႈိင္းေနတယ္။ အကုန္လံုးဘဲ”ဟု သူက ဆက္ေျပာသည္။

Obama Warns Dictators of

'Consequences' in Nobel
Acceptance Speech
By LALIT K JHA Friday, December 11, 2009
WASHINGTON — Even as his administration begins a new policy of engagement
with Burma's junta, US President Barack Obama warned in his Nobel Peace Prize
acceptance speech on Thursday that oppressive regimes face “consequences” if they
violate the rights of their own citizens.
In his speech, delivered in Oslo, Norway, Obama specifically mentioned Burma as
one of the countries where there is systematic abuse of human rights by the
government and honored opposition leader and fellow Nobel laureate Aung San
Suu Kyi for her commitment to democratic reform.
Acknowledging that he has adopted a policy
of engagement with the Burmese junta,
Obama said that “sanctions without
outreach—and condemnation without
discussion—can carry forward a crippling
status quo. No repressive regime can move
down a new path unless it has the choice of
an open door.”
However, he also warned that the world
could not afford to ignore threats to peace
A portrait of Nobel peace from regimes that menace their neighbors or

laureate Aung San Suu Kyi is
held during a torchlit parade their own citizens.
to a hotel where US President
Barack Obama was staying in “Those who seek peace cannot stand idly by
Oslo on December 10. (Photo:
Reuters) as nations arm themselves for nuclear war.

The same principle applies to those who violate international laws by brutalizing
their own people,” he said.
“When there is genocide in Darfur, systematic rape in Congo, repression in
Burma—there must be consequences,” he added.
“Yes, there will be engagement; yes, there will be diplomacy—but there must be
consequences when those things fail. And the closer we stand together, the less
likely we will be faced with the choice between armed intervention and complicity
in oppression.”
Obama also rejected the notion that governments must chose between promoting
human rights and narrowly pursuing national interests, noting that “neither
America's interests nor the world's are served by the denial of human aspirations.”
Peace, he said, “is unstable where citizens are denied the right to speak freely or
worship as they please; choose their own leaders or assemble without fear.”
“America will always be a voice for those aspirations that are universal,” said
Obama.
“We will bear witness to the quiet dignity of reformers like Aung Sang Suu Kyi; to
the bravery of Zimbabweans who cast their ballots in the face of beatings; to the
hundreds of thousands who have marched silently through the streets of Iran,”
Obama said.
“It is telling that the leaders of these governments fear the aspirations of their own
people more than the power of any other nation. And it is the responsibility of all
free people and free nations to make clear that these movements—these movements
of hope and history—they have us on their side.”

On Oct. 9, the Nobel Peace Prize Committee announced that it had awarded the
prize to Obama for "his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy
and cooperation between peoples."
Obama said in a statement soon after the announcement that he would accept the
award as “a call to action, a call for all nations to confront the common challenges of
the 21st century.”
“To be honest, I do not feel that I deserve to be in the company of so many of the
transformative figures who've been honored by this prize, men and women who've
inspired me and inspired the entire world through their courageous pursuit of
peace,” Obama said at the time.
Meanwhile, Obama's National Security Adviser, James Jones, said in an statement
issued on International Human Rights Day that the Obama administration would
continue to call attention to the repression in Burma and Iran.
Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the US House of Representatives, also said that the world
needed US leadership to deal with human rights abuses noting that violations and
genocide continue without resolution in Darfur, while in Burma, Suu Kyi still
languishes in detention.
Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, the ranking member of the House
Committee on Foreign Affairs, said the US must never lose sight of the plight of
those living under dictatorial regimes in China, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Burma,
Zimbabwe, and elsewhere.

UN Urged to Investigate Junta's

Crimes Against Humanity
By LALIT K JHA Friday, December 11, 2009
WASHINGTON — Members of parliaments from 29 countries on Thursday urged
the UN Security Council to establish a commission of inquiry to investigate war
crimes and crimes against humanity in Burma and to impose a global arms
embargo against the military regime.
There was no immediate reaction from either the office of the UN Secretary-General
Ban Ki-moon or the Security Council president for the month of December,
Ambassador Michel Kafando of Burkina Faso.
The US ambassador to the UN, Susan Rice, told reporters at UN headquarters in
New York that the Obama administration will continue its discussions at the UN
here and in Geneva at the Human Rights Council on what actions might be
desirable and feasible.
The letter urging the Security Council to establish an investigative body was
supported by 442 members of parliaments.
Such UN action is long due, said the letter, which was initiated by two members of
parliament from Japan, Azuma Konno, and Tadashi Inuzuka, both members of the
ruling Democratic Party.
The letter charged that the Burmese military regime has carried out deadly attacks
on its own people for decades and asked the Security Council to address the issue in
an emergency meeting.
US Congressman Joseph Pitts in a statement, “This letter demonstrates that the
eyes of the world are on Burma, and that we will call attention to the continued
human rights violations perpetrated by the military regime.”

“The destruction of villages and ethnic cleansing must stop,” the statement said. “I
am proud to stand with so many freely elected leaders from around the world to call
for the regime to respect the rights of the people of Burma and to cease the
senseless violence.”
The appeal follows similar calls made earlier this year by lawmakers from the
United States, Canada and Britain. In June, 55 members of US House of
Representatives sent a letter to President Barack Obama urging him to encourage
the UN Security Council to set up a commission of inquiry to investigate crimes
against humanity in Burma.
Exiled Media Brace for 2010

Election Challenge
By MARWAAN MACAN-MARKAR / IPS WRITER Friday, December 11, 2009
CHIANG MAI — A promised election in military-ruled Burma next year will be held
in a vastly different media culture compared to the last general election in 1990,
Burmese journalists said at a regional media forum currently underway in this
northern Thai city.
That election was won convincingly by the opposition, but the junta refused to
recognize its results.
Burmese read newspapers on a street in

Rangoon in May. (Photo: Getty Images)
The 2010 polls in
Burma will be held against the backdrop of an abundance of media outlets run by
exiled Burmese journalists that have mushroomed in the last two decades, says
Kyaw Zwa Moe, managing editor of ‘The Irrawaddy’, a popular current affairs
magazine produced by Burmese journalists living in Thailand.
"In the run-up to the1990 (election), no publications inside the country were free to
cover elections, and there was no exiled Burmese media," he told participants
Thursday at the Mekong Media Forum, which runs here from Dec. 9-12. "The media
inside still faces danger to report independently about the elections."
Consequently, the "exiled media has an important role to play," he told more than
100 participants at a session on ‘Burma 2010’ during the forum. "It has grown
strong in recent years."
‘The Irrawaddy’ has thus far set up a special series under the theme ‘Election
Watch’ to cover different aspects of the elections before, during and after the vote.
Burma’s junta has said the nationwide vote is part of its agenda to create a
"disciplined, flourishing democracy."
"We need to watch every step of the elections," political activist Moe Zaw Oo,
another panelist on the session, said about exploring how the media inside and
outside the country will cover elections that will have not the usual ways of ensuring
transparency and openness of popular votes. "It will be very tricky and
complicated," given that independent media will not be inside the country to report
on the vote.
Media representing Burma’s ethnic minorities, such ‘Kachin News’ produced by
Kachin journalists exiled in Thailand, are also preparing for the vote. "A new form
of people’s groups have been set up in the Kachin area," says Naw Din Lahpai,

editor of the publication. "A brand new office of the (pro-junta) Kachin State
Progressive Party was inaugurated on November 18th."
The junta is also trying to rope in the churches in the Kachin area in northern
Burma, majority of whom are Christians. "Churches have been gifted with rice,
cooking oil and small cash donations," Naw Din said. "A campaign based on
religious organizations has been launched."
Already, the exiled media are hammering away at the uncertain and oppressive
political landscape that prevails, producing stories that ask how free and fair the
South-east Asian nation’s upcoming poll will be. The election is only the 15th in the
country’s history since it emerged from British colonial rule.
But in truth, the military leaders of Burma, officially called Myanmar, have still to
formally announce two important laws that will make the promised poll a reality,
namely, those for the 2010 elections and the law governing political parties that will
vie for seats in the legislature.
The reasons to worry about the poll are ample. In May 2008, days after Burma’s
Irrawaddy Delta was flattened by the powerful Cyclone Nargis, which killed close to
150,000 people and displaced some two million others, the junta conducted a
referendum riddled with fraud. The junta hailed this plebiscite to approve the new
constitution after over 90 percent of the voters endorsed the charter.
How the 1990 elections turned out—where some 15 million voters turned out—also
feed media concerns. The National League for Democracy, led by Nobel Peace
laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, secured over three-fourths of the seats in the national
assembly, only to be denied power by the regime.
The regime’s reluctance to hand over power to a civilian authority—which Burma
has not had since the 1962 military coup – is reflected in the constitution that, the

regime said, is part of its seven-point roadmap towards political reform and
democracy.
"The constitution is totally flawed. It favors military supremacy," said Moe Zaw Oo,
who writes for 'the Irrawaddy.' "The military has the power to stage a coup at any
time they want. They can do so using the state of emergency, and this act is not
illegal."
The regime’s attempt to retain its grip on power has also been cemented by another
constitutional provision that guarantees the military a fourth of all the seats in the
legislature through appointments – and not through polls.
For Burma’s ethnic minorities, which account for over 40 percent of the country’s
56 million population, a ruthless military campaign makes "the regime’s planned
elections meaningless," said Charm Tong, a leading figure of the Shan Women’s
Action Network, which has produced reports exposing alleged war crimes
committed by the Burmese military, including the systemic use of rape as a weapon
of war.
"We now have 600,000 internally displaced people inside Burma," she told the
forum, referring to the plight of the country’s ethnic minorities. "The Shan state has
over 150 battalions stationed out of Burma’s 500 battalions, which is a fourth of the
military strength."
Many of the Shan political leaders have been jailed, including some who won
convincingly at the 1990 poll, added the activist from the Shan ethnic minority that
lives along Burma’s north-eastern border. "These stories cannot be ignored ahead of
the elections."

NEWS ANALYSIS
Some Optimistic After Third

Dialogue
By WAI MOE AND BA KAUNG Thursday, December 10, 2009
Some NLD members are voicing cautious optimism about negotiations between the
Burmese junta and Aung San Suu Kyi, following the third meeting in three
months between her and the junta's liaison officer, Aung Kyi, on Wednesday.
State-run media on Thursday reported that they met in the regime's Seinle Kantha
Guesthouse for 45 minutes, from 1:05 p.m. to 1:50 p.m.
No official details of the meeting were made available. However, senior National
League for Democracy (NLD) members told The Irrawaddy that the meeting
probably was in response to Suu Kyi's Nov. 11 letter to Snr-Gen Than Shwe.
NLD spokesman Khin Maung Swe said, “The topic of the meeting might be related
to economic sanctions, which she mentioned in her letter, and it shows that the
government is still willing to talk with her.”
Suu Kyi sent letters to the junta leader in September and November. In both letters,
she said she wanted to cooperate with the junta in working toward the lifting of
international economic sanctions against Burma. In the November letter, she also
requested to meet with Than Shwe.
The meeting on Wednesday came as somewhat of a surprise, following a recent
commentary article in state-run newspapers that criticized Suu Kyi and the NLD for
providing details about her two letters to the media, describing it as “dishonesty.”
The newspaper commentary said that Suu Kyi and the NLD used “the media as a
tool in an insincere way.”

“It is acceptable that Daw Aung San Suu Kyi sent a letter to the Head of State.
However, they should not have passed the buck to the government after disclosing
the letter to the media with an ulterior motive,” said the article.
Khin Maung Swe said the media regularly runs stories critical of Suu Kyi and the
NLD, and the criticism should be put in perspective.
“We can say there could be some parties on both sides who do not want to see a
positive dialogue,” he said. “Hard-liners and soft-liners could be in both camps.
Those people who oppose dialogue write these kind of articles.”
It's not surprising that the military regime and the NLD reflect different
perspectives about the same events.
While transparency and accountability to the public is an important value for pro-
democracy groups, the generals in Naypyidaw prefer secrecy and confidentiality as
the first priority. As a result, he said, the generals might see any public
announcements by the opposition as “insincere.”
Such views are reflected in the recent commentary article, where it said: “It should
be taken into consideration that the attempt of one side to force the other into a
corner by making dishonest use of the media might delay the other side's
response.”
Regardless of the commentary, relations between the junta and the NLD seem to be
improving somewhat following Suu Kyi's offer to cooperate on removing sanctions.
NLD sources noted that, in spite of some difficulties, the authorities allowed an
NLD divisional level meeting in Monywa in Sagaing Division to take place in
November, at the same time an application for reopening a party office in Rangoon
Division was being considered by the government.

Also, the NLD relief committee for Cyclone Nargis recently completed a trip to the
Irrawaddy delta, since the two-month detention in 2008 of committee head Ohn
Kyaing.
Ohn Kyaing told The Irrawaddy on Wednesday: “During previous trips to the delta,
all the guest houses there would not accept our team because of restrictions by the
authorities. On this trip, we stayed at guest houses.”
On Thursday, the NLD marked the 61st Human Rights Day at its party headquarter
in Rangoon with a public talk on human rights issues in the country chaired by Win
Tin, a prominent NLD executive committee member.
However, some political observers inside Burma still voiced skepticism about any
real progress being made in Suu Kyi's overtures to the junta.
“I won't get excited about U Aung Kyi meeting with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi until I
see a genuine outcome,” said Aye Thar Aung, an Arakanese leader who is secretary
of the opposition umbrella group, the Committee Representing People’s
Parliament. “For any real change in Burma, there are many more steps that need to
be taken.”
Detained Journalists Can't Go

Back to Old Jobs
By ARKAR MOE Thursday, December 10, 2009
Journalists who have been arrested and questioned by the Burmese military regime
say they are unable to return to their jobs because they have lost the support of their
former employers due to pressure from the government.
Thant Zin Soe, the editor of "Foreign Affairs" (FA) magazine, was arrested by
Burmese authorities in October and later released without charge.

He said he has been unable to
return to his former job on the
magazine. Living Color media
group, the publisher of FA, has
not made a decision about
rehiring Thant Zin Soe, said
an editor of the media group.

Journalist Eint Khine Oo, 28, smiles as she
awaits her release from Insein prison in
Editor Kyaw Kyaw Than of
Rangoon on September 18, 2009. (Photo:
Reuters) "Weekly Eleven" journal and
Eint Khine Oo, reporter of
"Eco Vision” journal have also been let go from their media groups.
Kyaw Kyaw Than told The Irrawaddy, “Now I am no longer on the staff of 'Weekly
Eleven.' I'm working freelance.”
Eint Khine Oo said, “My office won't take me back. I read books now, and I may
freelance.”
Analysts said that most leading media groups will not rehire journalist who are
arrested and detained by the government under the pressure—both direcly and
indirectly—from the Burmese Press Scrutiny and Registration Division of the
Ministry of Information that oversees press censorship.
The censorship authorities, however, say the decision to rehire journalists is not
theirs and is up to a publication's owner. An officer at Press Scrutiny and
Registration Division told The Irrawaddy, “Firing or rehiring is not our
responsibility. It is an affair between an employer and a journalist.”
An owner of a media group in Rangoon said, “Burmese authorities have made it
clear they don't want detained journalists rehired or their writing published. The

authorities monitor the publications carefully and as a result most articles by these
journalists are rejected.
“If they want to work for a newspaper or magazine, writers must submit resumes in
detail to Burmese authorities. So detained journalists find it hard to be rehired.
Some released journalist still manage to write regularly for some publications by
using psedonyms. We should admire and appreciate their creativity and courage.”
San Moe Wai, the secretary of the exile Burma Media Association, a partner
organization of Reporteurs Sans Frontiers said, “The media is not like other
businesses because it's so important to society. Real journalists need to stand up
and be courageous. Although there are many limitations and restrictions in Burma,
the owners should not give up their professional standards because of fear of the
government.”
“The owners of press houses also should not run the business solely with the idea of
making money," he said. "They must understand the position of reporters and
editors and support them. Actually, all of us should support and help every
journalist.”
The Committee to Protect Journalists(CPJ) on Tuesday released a series of reports
on journalists imprisoned around the world. Burma, which has jailed nine
journalists, was ranked in the top five nations for imprisoning journalists, along
with Iran, China, Cuba and Eritrea.
“The days when journalists went off on dangerous assignments knowing they had
the full institutional weight of their media organizations behind them are receding
into history,” said CPJ Executive Director Joel Simon. “Today, journalists on the
front lines are increasingly working independently. The rise of online journalism
has opened the door to a new generation of reporters, but it also means they are
vulnerable.”

Kyi Wai contributed to this report.
Burma Taking Severe Hit from

Climate Change: Watchdog
By WAI MOE Wednesday, December 9, 2009
Burma is one of the countries worst affected by extreme weather resulting from
climate change, according to a new report that assesses the impact of global
warming over a period of nearly two decades.
Published by the Berlin-based climate watchdog Germanwatch on Tuesday, the
report, the Global Climate Risk Index, says that Bangladesh, Burma and Honduras
were the countries most affected by extreme weather events from 1990 to 2008.
The report was launched in the Danish capital of Copenhagen, where the United
Nations Climate Change Conference is underway.
In addition to Burma and Bangladesh, four other Asian countries were in the 10
worst-hit list: Vietnam, India, the Philippines and China. The other region most
adversely affected was Central America, where Nicaragua, Haiti and the Dominican
Republic, along with Honduras, were among the 10 most vulnerable countries.
The group noted that poor countries had suffered the worst from the effects of
climate change over the period covered by the report.
“All of the 10 most-affected countries … were developing countries in the low-
income or lower-middle income country group,” Germanwatch said.
“Poorer developing countries are often hit much harder. These results underscore
the particular vulnerability of poor countries to climate risks, despite the fact that
the absolute monetary damages are much higher in richer countries,” the group
said.

The report also ranked Burma as the worst-hit country in the world in 2008 due to
the impact of Cyclone Nargis, which devastated the Irrawaddy delta in early May,
killing tens of thousands of people.
“The huge number of fatalities in Myanmar [Burma] were caused by Cyclone Nargis
and revealed the low adaptive capacity of the country which, however, is also a
result of the political failure to embark upon serious disaster preparedness,” the
report said.
The report puts the death toll from the disaster at a relatively low figure of 85,000,
while estimating the cost of damages at US $4 billion. However, other
organizations, including the UN, have said that the cyclone killed as many as
134,000 people and left more than 2 million homeless.
The report notes that during the 18-year period it covers, almost 600,000 people
died in more than 11,000 extreme weather events, causing losses of $1.7 trillion.
As one of the world's least developed countries, Burma’s carbon footprint is not as
big as that of industrialized countries such as Australia, the US and China.
However, widespread deforestation in the country means that it has contributed
significantly to global warming.
Although forests covered 344,237 km2, or 50.9 percent, of the country in 1989,
Burma's forest area is now 322,218.6 km2, or 47.62 percent of the total land area,
according to official statistics—a loss of more than 3 percent over the past two
decades.
According environmental researchers in the country, Burma’s deforestation is a
result of unsustainable logging, particularly during the early years of the current
military regime's rule in the 1990s. At the time, the junta sold Burma’s forests
cheaply to foreign companies, particularly from neighboring countries, to shore up
its foreign exchange reserves.

The regime first noticed the risk of deforestation in 1992, when then Forestry
Minister Lt-Gen Chit Swe announced the Forest Law, which designated reserved
forests for environmental and biodiversity conservation. At the same time, Burma
signed onto the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the UN
Conference on Environment and Development.
In the following years, the regime adopted legislation for sustainable forests such as
the “Protection of Wildlife and Wild Plant and Conservation of Natural Areas Law”
in 1994, the “Myanmar Forest Rules” in 1994, the “Myanmar Forest Policy” in 1995,
and the “Protection of Wildlife and Wild Plant and Conservation of Natural Areas
Rules” in 2002.
Burma ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2003 and authorized the National
Commission for Environmental Affairs to focus on environmental issues.
But deforestation in the country is ongoing, despite forest protection laws. Burmese
environmental researchers say that agricultural expansion, infrastructure projects,
including dams projects, and excessive consumption of firewood are challenges for
sustainable forest management in Burma.
However, researchers say that logging—both legal and illegal—for commercial
purposes is the worst cause of deforestation. Companies owned by cronies of the
regime, such as Tay Za’s Htoo Trading, are permitted sell timber to foreign
companies, while cease-fire groups are doing the same in territories under their
control.
Burma's low level of economic development is also a factor in deforestation,
according to some observers.
“The use of firewood by the public causes both deforestation and the release of
carbon dioxide,” said an environmental researcher in Rangoon. “From a street-side

teashop in Rangoon to a village household, burning firewood is still necessary for
cooking.”
Others attributed this problem partly to a lack of knowledge of environmental
issues. Awpi Kyal, a well-known cartoonist who often focuses on the environment,
said: “Some information about the environment is available in Burmese journals
and magazines, but they are very academic and not written for the general public.”
Burma Threatens Thailand's stability:

Bangkok Govenor
By SIMON ROUGHNEEN Wednesday, December 9, 2009
BANGKOK — Speaking at a dinner talk on Tuesday night, Bangkok Gov. M.R.
Sukhumbhand Paribatra said that Thailand's already precarious stability faces
additional pressure from its neighbor Burma.
Addressing a forum at the Bangkok Sheraton Grande Hotel, the Democrat Party
deputy secretary-general and former deputy foreign minister said, “A major source
of regional instability is the large standing army maintained by the Myanmar
[Burmese] government.”
Bangkok governor M.R.

Sukhumbhand

Paribatra. (Source:
Facebook) He compared Thailand's 430,000-strong military
with Burma's, which has been estimated at more
than 500,000 and is thought to be the largest standing army in Southeast Asia.
Commenting on the Burmese junta's attempts to upgrade and expand its military,
Paribatra said, “Myanmar [Burma] has been modernizing [its military] for a long
time, and this could fuel a regional arms race.”
Thailand spends less than 5 percent of its gross domestic product (GDP) on
defense, he said, while the military dictatorship in Naypidaw is thought to allocate
around one-third of the country's GDP to military spending.
Accurate figures for Burma's military spending are not available, but several
organizations including the Soros Foundation believe that around 40 percent of
Burma's GDP is spent on the military.
Thailand is about to start a military modernization program based on two five-year
procurement and upgrade phases, according to Paribatra. Thailand's defense
spending as a proportion of GDP has declined relative to the rest of southeast Asia
in recent years.
The increasingly close relationship between the Burmese junta and the Communist
regime in North Korea is also causing concern in Thailand. Both sides are
collaborating on conventional military means and rumors circulate that Naypyidaw
is seeking Pyongyang's assistance in developing some form of nuclear capability.
North Korea itself tested nuclear weapons in early 2009.
Focusing on domestic Burmese politics, Paribatra said that the lack of national
reconciliation in Burma would mean continued violence and instability, especially
in the borderlands where ethnic minorities live. This would lead to more
displacement, and, inevitably, Thailand would receive additional refugees coming in

to the north. More than 130,000 Burmese refugees already live in camps along
northern Thailand's border with Burma.
The Burmese junta's armed forces attacked the ethnic Kokang militia in northern
Shan State close to the Chinese border in late August, causing 37,000 refugees to
flee to China. It was suggested that this was a prelude to a wider assault on ethnic
minority groups.
Militias representing the 17 “cease-fire groups” have been ordered to become border
guard forces that would be part of the junta state security apparatus. However, most
have either refused or ignored the request, prompting speculation that the junta's
growing and well-equipped forces will attack the recalcitrant ethnic militias before
and possibly after the planned 2010 national elections.
Paribatra likened the internal displacement situation in Burma to that of Sudan's
western Darfur region, where government forces and allied militias have carried out
what the US believes to be genocide since early 2003.
Another source of concern for Thailand is the Burmese drug trade, he said. UN
figures show Burma produced an estimated 410 tons of opium in 2008 (enough to
make 40 tons of heroin), making the country the world's second-largest producer
after Afghanistan, which accounts for 90 percent of world output. Burma is also a
major source for methamphetamine, much of which is trafficked to Thailand from
northern Shan State.
Despite the concerns, Thailand has an ambivalent relationship with Burma.
Economists believe the Thai economy depends on cheap Burmese labor provided by
an estimated 3 million Burmese migrants.
He said gas piped from the Shwe Field helps meet Thailand's electricity needs even
though Burmese citizens frequently go without power, and this despite long-
standing allegations that junta forces have perpetrated atrocities and human rights

violations in the vicinity of the Yadana Pipeline, which carries the gas south to
Thailand.
Thailand is also involved in a highly controversial project to build dams on the
Salween River, less than 50 km from the Thai-Burma border–though this has been
hit by recent fall-off in Thailand electricity needs. The drop in demand of 2,000
megawatts over the past year is more than the entire generating capacity in Burma.
He said Thailand's Burma policy appears contradictory and lacks a coherent overall
strategy, according to observers, who suggest Burma's ruling military are siphoning
off the revenues from Burma's natural resource exports for both personal use and to
finance the same massive military budget that is now causing concern in Bangkok.
Similarly, many of the Burmese refugees and migrants in Thailand have been
displaced by forced clearances and rights abuses carried out by junta forces.
On Nov. 23, a petition signed by 189 organizations was presented to Thai Prime
Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva which outlined the potential impacts of the Salween
project. It warned that while Thailand may benefit from greater electricity, it is also
likely to face another influx of Burmese refugees escaping human rights abuses at
the site of the Hatgyi dam in Karen State.
Suu Kyi Meets Regime's Liaison

Minister
By BA KAUNG Wednesday, December 9, 2009
Burmese pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi had a 45-minute meeting on
Wednesday with the regime's specially appointed Relations Minister, Aung Kyi, at a
government guesthouse near her home, Rangoon-based wire news agencies
reported, quoting officials.

The reports, carried by AP and AFP, gave no details on the previously unannounced
meeting.
Aung Kyi was appointed
liaison officer between Suu Kyi
and the Burmese government
in 2007. The two have met
twice in October this year.
Wednesday's meeting followed

Members of the National League for
Democracy show portraits of Aung San the dispatch of two letters
Suu Kyi to visitors as they sell them
from Suu Kyi to junta leader
outside the party's headquarters during to
mark the 89th anniversary of the country's Snr-Gen Than Shwe
National Day in November. (Photo: AP)
expressing willingness to
cooperate with the government in the national interest and with the aim of ending
Western sanctions against Burma.
The state-run media on Tuesday criticized Suu Kyi and her party, the National
Leagues for Democracy (NLD), for making public the text of her letters to Than
Shwe.
“The leak of Aung San Suu Kyi's letters to the media before they were received by
the leader of the government is intended to damage the image of the ruling
government, and this might delay the processes of the other side [the military
government],” said an article carried by state-run newspapers.
The two letters were sent by Suu Kyi to Than Shwe on Sept 28 and Nov 11. In the
first letter, Suu Kyi said she wanted to cooperate with the military government to
achieve an end to sanctions by the US and other Western countries. In the second
letter, she said she was willing to cooperate with the government in the national
interest.

The article in the state media also also faulted Suu Kyi's offer to cooperate with the
government to get economic sanctions lifted.
“She is the one who called for sanctions,” the article said. “Instead of clearly stating
her position on sanctions, her offer of wishing to cooperate with the government
only when the United States announced to practice both sanctions and direct
engagement shows her inconsistent nature.”
NLD spokesman Khin Maung Swe said the criticism was not necessarily an official
government reaction to the letters. “This is merely opinion of a columnist, not the
official response,” he said. “Yet I understand this would never have come to press
without the approval of some government officials.”
Khin Maung Swe described the article's accusations as cynical. Suu Kyi and her
party's central executive members did not intend to leak the text of the letters,
which anyway contained nothing negative, he said.
According to inquiries by The Irrawaddy, Suu Kyi's letters came into the
possession of some young party members before reaching the NLD central
executive members. They were asked to photocopy them, and the copies were
secretly sent to foreign broadcasting stations.
An initial investigation into the leak was subsequently suspended on Suu Kyi's
orders in order not to cause confusion within the party.
Than Shwe has no wish to talk to Suu Kyi, according to Aung Naing Oo, a Burmese
political analyst. “For Snr-Gen. Than Shwe, Aung San Suu Kyi is not included in his
political roadmap,” he told The Irrawaddy.
Rumors have been circulating in Rangoon that Suu Kyi maybe released before long.
The speculation was fueled by the acceptance last month of a plea by Suu Kyi's
lawyers to lodge an appeal against her current sentence of 18 months house arrest.

Burma Destroys $93 Million in

Illicit Drugs
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Wednesday, December 9, 2009
KENG TUNG, Shan State — Authorities in eastern Burma on Tuesday destroyed
more than $93 million worth of methamphetamine tablets and other illicit drugs
seized over the last six months.
Reporters saw nearly 7 million methamphetamine tablets, 1,802 pounds (819
kilograms) of heroin, 22 pounds (10 kilograms) of "ice" — crystal
methamphetamine — and other drugs set ablaze at a ceremony in Keng Tung, a
major town in Shan State.
Burma, also known as
Myanmar, produced an
estimated 410 tons of opium
in 2008, enough to make 40
tons of heroin, according to
United Nations figures. The
country is the world's second-

Police helps Burmese Foreign Minister
Nyan Win, in white jacket, and unidentified largest producer after
diplomats examine packs of narcotic drugs
before incineration during a ceremony to Afghanistan, which accounts
destroy narcotic drugs on Dec. 8, in Keng
for 90 percent of world output.
Tung in eastern Shan State. (Photo: AP)
It is also a major source of methamphetamine. Much of it is trafficked to
neighboring Thailand where abuse of the drug is rampant. Shan State is one of the
country's centers of drug production and trafficking. The drugs destroyed Tuesday
were seized over the past six months, and included several large hauls captured in
the Burmese-Thai border town of Tachilek, according to National Police Chief Brig-
Gen Khin Yi, who is also Secretary of the Central Committee for Drug Abuse
Control.
Speaking at the ceremony, he said Burma did not produce the precursor chemicals
used in the production of methamphetamine, but the chemicals were brought in
from neighboring countries. Recently, he added, the drug producers have been
smuggling in pharmaceutical drugs from which they extract ephedrine, the major
precursor.
Khin Yi said Burma is working closely with other countries in the region in the fight
against drugs and vowed to achieve the country's 15-year drug elimination plan,
which was drawn up in 1999.
Detained US Citizen On Hunger

Strike
By BA KAUNG Tuesday, December 8, 2009
Nyi Nyi Aung, the Burmese-American arrested in September, has been on a hunger
strike in Insein prison since Friday in protest against prison injustices, family
members told The Irrawaddy on Tuesday.
“He is demanding authorities deal with injustices and repression facing political
prisoners,” said Nyi Nyi Aung's aunt, Khin Khin Swe, who met him during
yesterday's family visit.
“He will not stop his hunger strike until and unless he sees better health care for
prisoners and is assured of other prisoners' rights,” she said.
Since Nyi Nyi Aung, 40, launched his hunger strike, his family members have
expressed concern about his health.
“He still looks fine. But we are very worried about him,” said Khin Khin Swe.
Nyi Nyi Aung, a Burmese political activist who resettled in the United States as a
political refugee in 1993, was arrested at Rangoon's International Airport on Sept. 3
this year when he arrived on a flight from Bangkok.

According to the Burmese state-run newspapers, Nyi Nyi Aung entered Burma eight
times between November 2005 and September 2009.
Although the Burmese government initially accused him of engaging in terrorist
activities, he is now charged with using fake documents and carrying excessive
amounts of foreign currency into Burma, according to a press statement from the
Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP), a Thailand-based
organization working for the political prisoners in Burma, released on Monday.
According to AAPP, Nyi Nyi Aung was brutally tortured during the interrogation,
and his mother, 61, and a female cousin, 32, are serving long sentences in separate
prisons for political offenses.
Speaking to The Irrawaddy on Tuesday, Bo Kyi, joint secretary of AAPP, said:
“Hunger strikes sporadically take place inside Burma's prisons. The authorities
usually handle them by negotiation or use of force.”
Hunger strikes usually happen when restrictions on prisoners are too severe.
Prisoners usually demand basic rights and better health care and food, according to
a former political prisoner, Bo Bo Oo, who was released last September after 20
years in jail.
Bo Bo Oo launched two hunger strikes, one lasting five days and another eleven
days while he was living in Myingyan prison, demanding journals and newspapers
to read and better food. Bo Bo Oo said the authorities later acceded to his demands.
But the authorities can sometimes be quite tough in handling prisoners' demands,
Bo Kyi said. “We have the case of Aung Kyaw Moe, a political prisoner who died in
Tharrawaddy Prison during a hunger strike calling for his release, which was long
overdue, in 1998.”
“Aung Kyaw Moe was ordered to halt his hunger strike and was beaten to death
when he refused to do so,” said Bo Kyi. “Sometimes, if the authorities do not wish to
negotiate with the hunger-striking prisoners, they deprive them of water upon
which hunger-striking prisoners depend to stay alive.”
A total of 2,173 political prisoners are being held in prisons throughout Burma.
Despite repeated calls by the international community for the release of political
prisoners, there is no sign of this happening soon.
More Refugees Expected When

DKBA Becomes Border Guard
By SAW YAN NAING Tuesday, December 8, 2009
Thousands of new refugees from eastern Burma are expected to seek shelter in
Thailand once the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) becomes a border
guard force under the Burmese military regime, says the Thailand Burma Border
Consortium (TBBC), a coalition that assists refugees on the Thai-Burmese border.
Sally Thompson, the TBBC deputy director, noted that the joint offensive by the
DKBA and Burmese government troops forced some 4,000 refugees, mostly Karen,
to flee to Thailand when they attacked the Karen National Union (KNU) Brigade 7
area in June.
Among those who fled
were refugees seeking
to escape forced army
recruitment and force
labor by the DKBA,
instigated partly in
order to reinforce
troop levels in
Karen refugees walk along a path on the Thai-
Burmese border in June. (Photo: Getty Images) preparation to become
a border guard force

battalion, Thompson said.
“If they [the DKBA] decide to continue such recruitment, then we would expect to
see more arrivals,” she said.
Once the DKBA becomes a border guard force, it is expected that it will join the
Burmese regime in another offensive to capture KNU-controlled areas in Karen
State along the Thai-Burmese border.
Jack Dunford, the executive director of the TBBC, said refugee numbers will also
increase because many internally displaced people have sought safe sanctuary in
the remaining KNU-controlled areas.
Another factor is whether the junta decides to wage military campaigns against the
ethnic cease-fire groups that refuse to disarm and transform their troops into a
border guard force, Dunford said. The regime has said border guard forces should
be in place before the 2010 election.
In the TBBC's latest survey on Oct. 31, it said more than 3,500 villages and
temporary gathering points in Karen, Karenni, Shan and Mon states in eastern
Burma as well as Pegu and Tenasserim divisions have been destroyed or forcibly
relocated since 1996, including 120 communities between August 2008 and July
2009.
About 75,000 people have been forced to leave their homes during the past year
and more than 500,000 Burmese are internally displaced, according to the survey.
“The scale of displaced villages is comparable to the situation in Darfur and has
been recognized as the strongest single indicator of crimes against humanity in
eastern Burma,” said the TBBC survey.
The TBBC provides food and shelter to some 150,000 Burmese refugees in nine
camps along Thai-Burmese border.

Burmese Officers Train with UN

on Child Soldiers Prevention
By WAI MOE Tuesday, December 8, 2009
Burmese army officers are participating in a UN-backed five-day training course
this week on preventing the recruitment of child soldiers.
According to the state-run newspaper The New Light of Myanmar, the course was
inaugurated in Rangoon on Monday by the junta’s Work Committee for Prevention
of Recruiting Minors for Military Service, headed by Maj-Gen Ngwe Thein, and the
UN agency UNICEF. Thirty three Burmese officers are participating.
The New Light of Myanmar reported that the opening ceremony was attended by
officials from UNICEF, the office of the UN High Commissioner on Refugees and
international organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross
(ICRC), Save the Children and World Vision.
However, another international body that concerns itself with the issue of child
soldiers, the International Labour Organization was not present on the list of those
attending.
The training program was initiated after a UN Security Council Working Group on
Children and Armed Conflict called in October for the establishment of courses,
comprehensive education and awareness-raising activities for military personnel on
international and national laws relating to the prevention of recruitment of
children.
An estimated 70,000 child soldiers are reported to be serving in the Burmese army
and with armed cease-fire groups. Some are said to be as young as 11.

“Burma continues widespread and systematic forced recruitment of child soldiers,”
said the New York-based Human Rights Watch in its World Report 2009. “Non-
state armed groups also recruit and deploy children areas.”
Burmese representatives at the UN insist that the government restricts admission
to the armed forces to recruits aged over 18, under the Myanmar (Burma) Defense
Service Act and the War Office Council Directive.
The current training program is the third to be held this year. The ICRC has
described them as “train-the-trainer” courses and said it organized them jointly
with the Burmese government's Department of Social Welfare.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon told the UN Security Council in March that
although the Burmese government had announced that nine military recruitment
officers had been discharged for violating the national military recruitment law, no
legal action had been taken against the perpetrators.
Human Rights Watch has said the UN Security Council had failed to act effectively
against the recruitment of child soldiers in Burma.
“The Security Council’s failure—in large part due to efforts by China to block a more
principled response—was particularly glaring given its previous pledges to seriously
consider arms embargoes and other targeted measure against parties that
repeatedly recruit and use child soldiers,” Human Rights Watch said.

US Women's Issues Envoy Seeks

Junta Accountability
By THE IRRAWADDY Saturday, December 5, 2009
The US Ambassador-at-Large for Global Women’s Issues Melanne Verveer said on
Saturday that Burma's military junta must be held accountable for human rights
abuses against the country's women.
“We have said over and over that there must be accountability for these human
rights violations,” she said, adding that those guilty of crimes against women should
be prosecuted.
However, she did not say what action
Washington would take to stop
violence against women in Burma.
Verveer made her remarks after a
meeting with Burmese women's
rights activists in Thailand, held to
discuss human rights violations
against women in Burma.
“We have just had a meeting with five
representatives of ethnic minority

Melanne Verveer, the US
Ambassador-at-Large for Women's women from Burma,” Verveer told
Issues, participates in a panel
discussion at the Clinton Global reporters at the US consulate in the
Initiative in New York in September northern Thai city of Chiang Mai on
2009. (Photo: Reuters)
Saturday.
“I feel it is important to hear from them, to get their perception of what is
happening [in Burma],” she said, adding that the US is committed to helping
Burmese women activists working both inside the country and in border areas.
At the meeting, the activists talked about issues facing women in Burma, including
sexual violence committed by Burmese soldiers during military offensives, and
discussed ways of empowering women through civil society organizations operating
across the country's borders.
Another issue affecting women in Burma is the regime's practice of imprisoning its
critics and political opponents. According to the Thailand-based Assistance
Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP), the junta is currently holding 179
women, including nuns, in prison.
Tate Naing, the secretary of the AAPP, said many female prisoners in Burma are
sexually humiliated and physically tortured by prison authorities during
interrogation. Some have also died in prison after suffering physical or mental
abuse.
Verveer also spoke about Burma's military-backed 2008 Constitution, calling it
“flawed” because of its lack of guarantees for women's rights.
Her Thailand visit and meeting with Burmese women activists was part of her Asian
tour to learn more about the state of women's rights in the region. She came to
Thailand from Malaysia and is scheduled to head to South Korea and Japan.
In Malaysia, Verveer met with victims of human trafficking, including two Burmese
women who were victims of sexual violence. “One had been gang-raped, and the
other was suffering terribly from trauma,” she said, adding that human trafficking
has become a “global scourge.”
Asked about efforts to address the issue of human trafficking through cooperation
with regional governments, she said: “We should be doing more together. We have
to find solutions together.” However, she provided no details about specific actions
taken in conjunction with regional authorities.

Verveer’s trip is also part of the UN's 16-day Global Campaign to End Violence
Against Women. Many organizations across the world have set up programs as part
of the campaign.
As ambassador for women's issues, Verveer has called on governments to follow the
“three P's”—protection, prevention and prosecution—to end violence against
women.
Young Voters Hold Mixed Views

of Next Year's Election
By AUNG THET WINE Saturday, December 5, 2009
RANGOON — Many young people in Burma say they won't go to the polling booths
in next year's junta-sponsored general election if there are no political parties
representing public interests, according to a poll conducted by The Irrawaddy.
The poll asked people who were too young to vote in the 1990 general election
whether they would cast a ballot in the election slated to take place next year. The
results showed that many would stay away unless they felt that citizen's interests
were represented.
A member of the National League for Democracy

pins a badge of the party's leader Aung San Suu
Kyi on shirt of her colleague outside the party's

headquarters during a celebration to mark the
89th anniversary of the country's National Day in Sixty people between
November. (Photo: AP)
the ages of 18 and 29
responded to the poll. Respondents included 10 university students, seven media
workers, four lawyers, seven manual laborers and a graduate from a military
academy.
Many of the respondents said they considered the 2010 election to be the official
conclusion of the prolonged period of military rule in Burma, but added that they
doubted it would bring a genuine democratic government representing the people's
concerns.
Many said they expected junta-backed parties and organizations, such as veterans
associations and the the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA), a
pro-military mass organization, to compete in the election, but saw little likelihood
that political parties representing the people's interest would be allowed to
participate.
“The junta's USDA organization has engaged in many pre-election activities, such
as putting up USDA banners to publicize their volunteer work on road construction,
bridge-building and other social welfare activities. They have been campaigning
quite extensively, well in advance of the election laws that will officially begin the
election period," said a 25-year-old mathematics student from Rangoon.
With less than a month to go before the start of 2010, the junta has yet to give any
indication when it will hold the election, except to say that it will take place
sometime next year. Many of those who responded to the poll said that the election
law, whenever it is announced, would likely make it difficult for political parties to
form and would also set many restrictions on freedom of assembly and expression
during the election campaign.

"The junta promulgated the Constitution as it liked and I am pretty sure they will
impose more restrictions to choke political parties with the coming election laws
and regulations,” said a legal intern from Rangoon.
Critics of the 2008 Constitution say that it contains many clauses that are contrary
to democratic principles, including its guarantee of 25 percent of seats in
parliament for the military. It also reserves more power for the commander-in-chief
of the armed forces than for the president and allows the top general to legally seize
power under certain conditions.
"The constitution starts with a clause stating that the union must practice a
genuine, disciplined multiparty democratic system. But in a real democracy, there is
no such notion as a 'disciplined democracy.' A real democracy is simply one that
represents people's aspirations,” said a female lawyer who took part in the survey.
But not everyone was so dismissive of the junta's intentions.
"Everyone should assist the military government with good will to transform from
military rule to civilian rule peacefully and smoothly. The 2010 election is only the
first step to a new democratic system without any bloodshed,” said a youth trainee
of Myanmar Egress, a locally based nongovernmental organization.
A 26-year-old military academy graduate also said that he strongly believed the
nation would change its administrative system after the 2010 election.
"It's not only our people who eager to see change. The army servicemen are also
hungry for change. Junior officers like us in the Burmese army are looking for
change after the 2010 election," he said.
Some other respondents to the poll also expressed enthusiasm, even if they were
less sure how it would shape the country's political landscape.

"Many young people are excited about the 2010 election, because it will give them a
chance to see what role they can play in the future of the nation,” said one IT
professional.
Some young people who are struggling to make ends meet expressed hope that the
post-election government will provide them with more economic opportunities to
help them improve their living conditions.
"It is important for a household to be able to survive and live in well-being,” said a
factory worker who spoke with The Irrawaddy. “I will vote for whoever can create
that kind of situation.”
For some respondents, however, the way the election is conducted matters more
than its actual outcome.
Although the junta leaders have promised to hold the 2010 election in a free and
fair manner, there is every indication that the regime will continue to impose strict
limits on media freedom.
"We haven't been allowed to freely publish news relating to the election until now.
The censorship board has actually increased its restrictions on news related to
politics and the election,” said a 27-journalist, adding that the election could not be
considered free and fair without freedom of expression.
"If even journalists, who are regarded as the eyes and ears of a nation, can't express
their opinions freely, ordinary citizens will find it hard to make informed decisions.
But I don't see any prospect of media freedom in 2010," another local journalist
said.

Than Shwe Confounds His Peers

By WAI MOE Friday, December 4, 2009
Burma's military despot Snr-Gen Than Shwe surprised and confused his fellow
generals at a four-monthly military commanders' meeting in Naypyidaw by
ignoring pressing political issues and instead devoting his speech to the
development of the country's economy in the post-election era, according to
military sources in the capital.
Than Shwe reportedly told his fellow generals at the meeting on Nov. 23-28 that
Burma is ready for a new government in line with his vision of a “disciplined
democracy,” and addressed numerous economic developments and projects for the
future.
A source who provided The
Irrawaddy with a document
on Friday analyzing the
proceedings at the closed-door
meeting said regional
commanders and top-ranking
generals were caught off-guard
by the dictator's lofty aspirations and apparent far-sightedness, because he
normally dwells on petty internal matters, and methods of quelling political dissent
and securing power.
Than Shwe instead spoke of establishing solid business foundations in the country
in the post-election period, of developing Burma's human resources and of the
state's responsibility to promote a solid middle-class in the country.
During the meeting, sources say Than Shwe spoke confidently about the
development of the national economy and effused about the prospects of billions of
dollars in investment from China, referring to the Sino-Burmese oil-gas pipeline

projects and the development of the Kyaukpyu deep sea port off the Arakan coast
and related railway systems.
At the meeting, he apparently advocated expanding industry, especially factories
related to oil and gas exploration and production. He also alluded to the Dawei deep
sea port project in southern Burma, spoke of expanding the shipping industry and
services sector, and predicted the Burmese economy would soon be “booming,” the
source said.
The military dictator reportedly went on to pledge that Burma will furthermore be
immune from electricity shortages because the country's hydroelectric projects
would soon produce some 16,000 MW of power per year.
According to the military sources, the fact that Than Shwe did not address the
upcoming election and pending political concerns, such as Aung San Suu Kyi's
request for a meeting, suggests he is confident that his current strategy is working
and that events are playing out in his favor.
EBO Funds to Target Migrants

and IDPs
By SAW YAN NAING Friday, December 4, 2009
The Euro-Burma Office (EBO) will focus funding on Burmese migrant workers and
internally displaced persons (IDPs) in ethnic areas where armed conflicts are active,
according to the organization's Executive Director, Harn Yawnghwe.
The decision came after the meeting between the Brussels-based EBO and Burmese
opposition, civil society groups and ethnic groups in Chiang Mai in northern
Thailand from Dec. 1 to 2.
Yawnghwe said his organization wants to strengthen civil society groups assisting
migrant workers and IDPs because such people are in need.

Any group wanting to assist migrant workers or IDPs in armed conflict zones in
eastern Burma can submit proposals to the EU donors.
“Euro Burma want to set up committees to assist these groups and want to give
funds to them. Those who are interested are asked to submit proposals,” said Dr.
Thiha Maung, who attended the meeting and is the director of the National Health
and Education Committee's (NHEC) health program.
It is likely that the EBO will secure some funding for exile-based aid groups as
funding for cross-border activities is unstable and many Western government
donors are not willingly providing further cross-border aid to nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs) in exile, he added.
Founded in 1997, the Brussels-based EBO helps the Burmese democracy movement
prepare for transition to democracy and keeps the international community
informed about the situation in Burma.
Transparency and accountability of funding among border-based NGOs were also
discussed at the meeting.
“International donor countries such as Sweden, Norway, Canada and Australia are
hoping for change in Burma in 2010 and want to focus aid directly inside Burma if
the situation improves after 2010 election,” Thiha Maung said.
Harn Yawnghwe also said the EBO will provide financial supports to opposition
parties or ethnic groups that will contest in the general elections in 2010 if they
need support. This should not be misconstrued as EBO support for the Burmese
regime 2008's constitution and planned 2010 elections, he said.
The aim of supporting those groups is to let them strive for democracy and ethnic
rights within any political space that might be opened up by the Burmese regime, he
added.

Observers said international donors indicated they want to focus humanitarian
assistance directly inside Burma after they identified problems with cross-border
aid.
However, observers said both internally-based aid and cross-border aid are needed
since both reach different target populations, whether deep inside Burma or on the
Thai-Burmese border.
Due to international donors reducing their funding and distancing themselves from
cross-border aid projects, Mae Sot-based Mae Tao Clinic is concerned about
funding, which has been cut and reduced.
The number of outpatients coming to the clinic has grown by about 20 percent per
year, however.
The clinic, which treats Burmese migrants, refugees and Burmese people who cross
the border for medical treat, is struggling with a “major funding crisis.” It faces a
predicted shortfall of about US $750,000 in 2010, amounting to 25 percent of its
operating budget, according to Dr Cynthia Maung writing on the clinic's Web site
on Oct. 27.
Other border-based NGO aid groups are also struggling with the funding crisis,
which has resulted in anomalous situations across the border. Schoolteachers in
Mon State being provided for by funding from donors such as the NHEC, for
example, have been working without salaries since June.

In Policy Change, EU Ministers

May Meet Burma's PM
By LAWI WENG Friday, December 4, 2009
Some leaders from European Union member states will probably meet with
Burmese Prime Minister Thein Sein at a United Nations conference on climate
change in Copenhagen on Monday.
A meeting between EU leaders and the Burmese prime minister could signal a shift
in the EU “no contact” policy with Burma that coincides with the new US policy of
direct engagement with the military regime, according to a Swedish official.
The official from Sweden, the current holder of the EU's rotating presidency, told
The European Voice online, “There is an ongoing debate on whether and which EU
leaders should meet the Burmese prime minister.”
Harn Yawnghwe, the executive director of the Euro-Burma Office in Brussels, told
The Irrawaddy on Friday that a meeting between EU leaders and Thein Sein would
be positive.
“If you want to solve a problem, you need to meet the person you have a problem
with. This meeting will be good if they have in mind that they are willing to work to
solve problems,” he said.
The European Commission might not change its sanctions policy on Burma, he
said, but it might be willing to meet with Burmese officials, like the US. EU foreign
ministers are scheduled to meet in Brussels on Dec. 7-8 to discuss Burma.
The US sent a special delegation to Burma in October led by Assistant Secretary of

State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs Kurt M. Campbell.
Some EU member states have voiced support for engaging with the junta. One of
the most vocal EU countries, France, has significant economic interests in Burma
through multinational companies, most notably the energy firm Total. Other
businesses are involved in the country in the areas of natural gas, timber and gems.
Burmese human rights activists have supported the new US policy, which keeps in
place its economic sanctions.
The EU extended economic sanctions one more year on April 27 after EU foreign
ministers reviewed recent political developments, including Burma’s lack of
progress in meeting the international community’s calls for political change and to
engage with the UN in its efforts to foster national reconciliation.
The EU's stated goals in Burma are a peaceful transition to a legitimate civilian
system of government and improved social and economic conditions.
Meanwhile, the EU has called for the ruling junta to hold the 2010 election in “a
credible, transparent and inclusive process, based on international standards.” It
also called for the release of all political prisoners including pro-democracy leader
Aung San Suu Kyi.
Since 1996, the EU has held a common position on Burma. Following the junta’s
crackdown on demonstrators in 2007, it put into place further sanctions that
included a travel ban on top Burmese officials, an arms embargo and a freezing of
the assets in Europe of selected Burmese officials and their business partners.

EDITORIAL
Goodbye, Gambari, and Good Luck

Friday, December 4, 2009
It's official: Ibrahim Gambari, the UN special envoy to Burma, is leaving the job
that he has held since May 2007. According to recent reports, the former Nigerian
foreign minister, who has occupied various high-level positions at the world body
since serving as his country's permanent representative there in the 1990s, is slated
to become the head of the UN-African Union peacekeeping force in the conflict-hit
Darfur region of Sudan on Jan. 1, 2010.
What will this mean for the people of Burma, who have lived through some of the
most tumultuous events of their recent history during Gambari's tenure? Alas,
precious little. Gambari—who liked to tell critics who faulted him for a lack of
results that his mission was “a process, not an event”—often seemed a hapless
bystander whenever anything actually happened in Burma. When the world
expressed outraged at the Burmese junta's brutal crackdown on monk-led
demonstrations in 2007, and again when it was appalled by the generals' callous
response to Cyclone Nargis in 2008, Gambari proved wholly unequal to the task of
channeling any of this energy to push for genuine political change.
Last May, when Burma experienced the worst natural disaster in its recorded
history, Gambari was forced to step aside and let his boss, UN Secretary-General
Ban Ki-moon, do the job of pressuring the regime to open the country's doors to
international aid. Then, when he finally visited Burma a few months later,
opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi's frustration with his perfunctory “process”
came to a head and she refused to meet with him. This was an unprecedented and
highly uncharacteristic rebuff from a person who has become virtually the
embodiment of the UN's professed values, and probably a sign that Gambari should
have been relieved of his duties more than a year ago.

It was at this low point in his role as special envoy, in August 2008, that Burma
Campaign UK noted that from the time Gambari assumed his position,
• The number of political prisoners almost doubled from 1,100 to 2,056.
• More than 130,000 people in eastern Burma had been forced from their homes as
part of the regime’s ethnic cleansing campaign.
• The peaceful pro-democracy protests of September were brutally suppressed, with
protesters fired on and thousands of monks arrested.
• Humanitarian aid was blocked following Cyclone Nargis.
• Political prisoners, including Suu Kyi, had been routinely denied access to doctors
and medical treatment.
Now, nearly a year and a half later, the situation is hardly any better. Indeed, if
anything, the regime has become even more repressive and disdainful of the
international community's concerns, as evidenced by its farcical trial of Suu Kyi
earlier this year and its continuing roundup of dissidents ahead of next year's
election.
It would, of course, be grossly unfair to lay responsibility for all of this entirely at
Gambari's feet. But the obvious shortcomings of his approach should serve as a
warning to his successor, who will need to actually achieve something if the UN's
efforts to end oppression in Burma are not to lose what little credibility they have
left.
The most important lesson to be learned from Gambari's failure is that it doesn't
pay to play it safe.
In November 2007, the UN envoy earned some rare praise when he released a
statement from Suu Kyi that she had given him during their meeting earlier in the
month. Coming soon after Burma's worst political crisis in nearly two decades, the
statement was carefully worded to avoid offending the Burmese generals.
Nevertheless, the regime latched onto Gambari's supposed breach of diplomatic

protocol to accuse the UN of taking sides. When he returned to Burma the following
March, he was roundly scolded by the regime's propaganda minister and denied an
opportunity to meet with junta chief Snr-Gen Than Shwe.
Sadly, this experience appears to have stayed with Gambari, weakening his resolve
to broach sensitive issues with the regime. By allowing himself to be cowed, he lost
the confidence of the Burmese people, who began to feel that he was merely going
through the motions. If, however, he had been prepared to take more flak for the
sake of fulfilling his stated mission, he would at least have given them some hope
that the UN was taking the country's problems seriously, and might even have stood
a chance of making some headway with the generals.
Now that he is leaving Burma, we can only wish him the best of luck with his new
posting. The people of Darfur, like the people of Burma, certainly need all the
support the international community can give them. But if all he is doing is adding
another high-profile assignment to his already impressive resume, perhaps he
should consider leaving the job to someone who has the passion to do it properly.
COMMENTARY
Oslo's Message for Burma

By AUNG ZAW Wednesday, December 16, 2009
Despite questions about the timing of his Nobel Peace Prize award, US President
Obama went to Oslo and accepted the honor. As expected in his acceptance speech,
the US president defended his earlier decision to order an additional 30,000 troops
to Afghanistan and the continuation of his war against the al Qaeda terrorist
movement.
“A nonviolent movement could not have halted Hitler's armies,” he said.
“Negotiations cannot convince al Qaeda's leaders to lay down their arms.”

Then he added: “To say that force is sometimes necessary is not a call to cynicism, it
is a recognition of history.”
In his speech, Obama mentioned Burma as one of the countries where there is
systematic abuse of human rights by a brutal and corrupt military regime. He paid
tribute to opposition leader and fellow Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi for her
commitment to democratic reform.
Obama’s administration has changed the course of the official US policy on Burma,
adopting an approach combining engagement with the repressive regime while
maintaining sanctions against its leaders and cronies.
Two high-ranking US officials visited Burma in November, but no progress has
been made so far. Burma’s paramount leader Snr-Gen Than Shwe doesn’t blink.
In his Oslo speech, Obama said: “Sanctions without outreach—and condemnation
without discussion—can carry forward a crippling status quo. No repressive regime
can move down a new path unless it has the choice of an open door.”
He also warned of consequences. “When there is genocide in Darfur, systematic
rape in Congo, repression in Burma—there must be consequences,” he said.
Defending his policy of engaging rogue regimes, Obama said: “Yes, there will be
engagement; yes, there will be diplomacy—but there must be consequences when
those things fail. And the closer we stand together, the less likely we will be faced
with the choice between armed intervention and complicity in oppression.”
Fine. We know that peace could not be attained without a fight. Suu Kyi’s father,
Gen Aung San, understood that independence from British colonialists and
Japanese occupiers could not be achieved without armed struggle. Burma’s ethnic
minorities took up arms against military leaders to fight for equal rights and
autonomy.

Since 1988, Burma’s urban nonviolent movement has made world headlines. But
despite the world's admiration, non-violence failed because of the regime's brutal
suppression of peaceful protests. The regime paid no heed to world opinion.
It's bitterly ironic that when students and activists in 1988 took up arms against the
regime in the jungle they were named “terrorists.” International donors refused to
help them for fear of being seen to finance armed struggle.
Suu Kyi’s repeated calls to open meaningful political dialogue has fallen on deaf
ears. Monks and activists who marched peacefully on the streets of Burma's cities or
who involved themselves in the nonviolent struggle are now behind bars.
Thus, part of Obama’s speech can be demonstratively applied to Burma—a
nonviolent movement could not have halted Burmese armies. Negotiations cannot
convince Burmese feudal warlords and thugs to lay down their arms.
COMMENTARY
One-sided Engagement Won't

Work
By AUNG ZAW Thursday, December 3, 2009
During his visit to Asia, US President Barack Obama told Burmese military leaders
to free pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi and urged the regime to ensure that
the 2010 elections are held in a “free, fair and transparent manner.”
Officials traveling with Obama also reiterated calls for a national dialogue involving
all political stakeholders in Burma, especially the opposition led by Suu Kyi and
ethnic groups.
A statement released after a summit meeting between the US delegation and
leaders of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in Singapore called on the

junta to begin “a dialogue with all stakeholders to ensure that the process is fully
inclusive.”
The joint statement and Obama’s appeal to the recalcitrant regime to open up
Burma and free political prisoners were just symbolic gestures. They all know that
the regime won’t budge.
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton admitted that there is a lot of work to do on
Burma, saying: “We have no illusions that any of this will be easy or quick.”
Let’s be clear: the new US policy on Burma is comprehensive and it has received
some positive feedback.
More importantly, the US remains a supporter of the democracy movement. The
Burmese opposition inside and outside the country continues to count on the US
and many believe Washington has a negotiating role to play in Burma’s political
deadlock.
In spite of the initial favorable response to the new US policy of engagement
outlined by US Assistant Secretary of State Kurt Campbell, deep-seated skepticism
remains.
Recent history has indeed shown that engagement with the regime in Burma has
totally failed. An endless succession of visits have been made to Burma by UN
special envoys and regional leaders hoping to find a political solution. All left
empty-handed, expressing deep frustration.
Burma’s paramount leader Snr-Gen Than Shwe rarely makes any concessions
because he feels he doesn’t have to. There is no reason for him to act differently this
time.

After learning of the new US policy, Than Shwe is said to have told his subordinates
that the US and the international community now want to engage Naypyidaw
because they have finally realized the positive achievements of his regime.
It should come as no surprise that Than Shwe thinks this way. The world has
changed its approach to the regime, but it hasn’t changed its ways at all. No wonder
Than Shwe feels vindicated.
Nevertheless, after sending its first high-level mission to Burma in November, the
US expects to see some meaningful gesture in return.
If Than Shwe doesn’t heed Obama’s call to free Suu Kyi and hold a free and fair
election, the new US administration’s engagement policy will look weak and
supplicatory.
Than Shwe should not be deluded into thinking that the US has unlimited patience
and that it will accept this one-sided relationship.
The plain fact is that Burma is no North Korea, where the US has a strategic interest
in containing the threat posed by the rogue regime in Pyongyang. The US will
continue its engagement with North Korea and even support the revival of the six-
party talks.
In the case of Burma, the new US administration has adopted a carrot and stick
approach and has offered a small window of opportunity that Than Shwe should not
ignore. It is highly unlikely, however, that Than Shwe will respond—he simply lacks
the political will to take Washington’s offer of engagement seriously.
Hostage takers rarely makes concessions, and Than Shwe is no exception.
At the end of the day, the US doesn’t want to be embarrassed before the
international community should the regime reject meaningful progress toward an

improvement in relations. At some point, if talks grind to a halt—perhaps within the
next six months—the US may just turn its back on engagement.
Engagement could thus be rather short-lived. Washington could lose its patience
and even tighten sanctions against the regime.
In the meantime, nothing changes for the oppressed people of Burma, who must be
asking themselves why the world has altered its tone and approach towards Burma
while the regime hasn’t changed at all.
COMMENTARY
Strengthening Kyat Gets the

Experts Thinking
By YENI Tuesday, December 1, 2009
The recent rise in the value of the Burmese kyat against the US dollar is giving not
only currency traders cause for thought. Financial experts and market observers are
also looking into the likely reason for the newly won strength of the kyat, which has
appreciated from around 1,200 kyat to the dollar in mid-November to the current
rate of 990 kyat.
Since 2005, when a dollar cost just 880 kyat, the Burmese currency steadily
declined in value, hitting a three-year low of 1,190 kyat to the dollar in January this
year. Since then, however, the downwards trend has reversed, and today the
currency trades on the black market at around 995 kyat to the dollar.
Traditionally, one of the most important factors that influence the exchange rate of
the kyat is the constant change in restrictions on imports and exports. When the
restrictions are tight on imports, there is less demand for US dollars in the market,
and the value of the kyat rises. When the import restrictions are relaxed, demand
for the US dollar rises and the value of the kyat falls. But this factor has not
influenced the current strength of the kyat, currency dealers say.

Although Burma has no official currency market, the US dollar is always subject to
intense speculation. Some big-time speculators purchase tens of thousands of US
dollars in order to push up the value of the greenback, tricking other investors into
buying large amounts of the US currency. In the volatile market conditions that
follow, the speculators resell their dollars at a handsome profit.
In Burma, the US dollar holds sway in the street markets, although the Thai baht
and Chinese yuan are also often accepted, particularly in border trade, while such
convertible currencies as the Euro, the Japanese yen and Australian dollar are
shunned.
Large amounts of dollars change hands daily at Rangoon's Bogyoke Aung San
market, which has several currency exchanges, none of them authorized.
The market's currency dealers, who set the black market rate for the US dollar,
agree that the worldwide depreciation in the value of the greenback could be a
reason for the kyat's sudden strength.
Dealers say a rise in the number of tourists visiting Burma is also contributing to
the rise in the value of the kyat. An official with Myanmar [Burma] Travels and
Tours, run by Burma's Ministry of Hotels and Tourism, has announced that tourist
numbers are up by at least 30 percent on last year. The 260,000-plus tourists who
visited the country during the past year contributed US $165 million to state coffers.
Another factor contributing to the strength of the kyat, according to currency
dealers, is the contribution in earnings from the trade in opium and amphetamines
at the Sino-Burmese border.
The rise in the kyat coincided with the start of the cold season, when most opium
farmers harvest their crops. A currency dealer in Rangoon said: “The rate this time
is not determined by the circumstances in Rangoon markets. The exchange rate of
the Chinese currency versus the kyat at the border has affected Rangoon.”

This theory finds support in a report by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime
(UNODC). Releasing the report, “2009 Patterns and Trends of Amphetamine-Type
Stimulants and Other Drugs in East and South-East Asia,” UNODC representative
Gary Lewis told the reporters in Bangkok that Burma's armed ethnic groups—
particularly in the Shan, Wa and Kokang areas—are increasingly cashing in their
stocks of illegal drugs in expectation of a junta crackdown. The regime has in recent
months stepped up its pressure on the ethnic groups ahead of the elections planned
for 2010.
If this theory stands, the main reasons for the kyat's appreciation seem to be
coming from events outside Naypyidaw’s control and are no indicator of the
strength of the Burmese economy.
But who knows? Like the US, Britain or any of the countries of the G8 that printed
money to get out of recession, Burma's ruling generals, who aren't known for their
skill in managing the country's economy, might be tempted to create more kyat
banknotes. Currency chaos could be the result.
COMMENTARY
Climate Change and Aung San

Suu Kyi
By AUNG ZAW Friday, November 13, 2009
The regime in Burma is like climate change—if you don’t contain it now, it could be
catastrophic.
Seeing Burma going nowhere over the past decades, friends and foes of the regime
have reached the consensus that the country needs to make meaningful progress.
To achieve momentum in the land of “standstill,” we need some energy and a
shakeup.

Washington’s new Burma policy is indeed shaking things up. However, we must be
realistic—external forces can only inject a dose of fresh air into political dynamism
in Burma. The plain fact is that change must come from within. So we’d better not
to wait but make a move of our own.
US Assistant Secretary of State Kurt Campbell’s statement following his visit to
Burma and the briefing he gave on his talks there received positive feedback not
only in Burma but also in European and Asean capitals.
There’s no doubt that the new US policy is comprehensive. It covers Burma’s
pressing issues, including ethnic nationalities, democratization, the 2010 election,
the need for national reconciliation and political dialogue, the problem of narcotics
and security questions. More importantly, the US has no plans to lift sanctions until
it sees progress in these key areas.
The new policy no doubt injected positive energy and some rare hope in Burma. The
visit of two high ranking US diplomats also created a good impression, although we
all know that it will be a long and difficult process.
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton made it clear that there is a lot of work to do
on Burma, saying: “We have no illusions that any of this will be easy or quick.”
We all know that no one has the magic pill to cure Burma’s ills.
In a message directed at the principal stakeholders, regime leader Snr-Gen Than
Shwe and pro-democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi, Clinton said Burma’s problems
must be resolved by the Burmese people themselves.
It could be a win-win situation if Than Shwe and Suu Kyi wanted to make the most
of the positive energy released by the new US initiative and its policy of direct
engagement.

It is understandable that many are deeply skeptical about the sincerity of Than
Shwe and the slow pace of political progress in Burma. If Than Shwe took a
pragmatic approach, however, he could make the next move and strike a deal with
Suu Kyi.
The paramount leader of the regime has delivered little of substance in the past two
decades. Nonetheless, we all know that the election in 2010 will be his personal exit
strategy. He needed a safe passage out of the political arena.
This can be an opportunity for Suu Kyi. She could demonstrate that she is
pragmatic and a deal-maker, too. She could show that she is ready to help the
national reconciliation and political process to move forward.
Since the mockery trial earlier this year, Suu Kyi is back in the political limelight.
She has won enormous support from the international community and her
popularity inside the country has no doubt surged.
There are reports in Rangoon that Suu Kyi, who has held talks with Than Shwe in
the past, is now asking for further meetings. Recently, she expressed her gratitude
to Than Shwe for allowing her to meet diplomats and US officials.
Her party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), is planning to release an
important statement for the nation soon, the party spokesman said. How important
for the nation the statement will prove to be remains to be seen.
Political pundits say the NLD statement may include Suu Kyi’s stance on western
sanctions and the 2010 election. This indicates that Suu Kyi may make a
meaningful and pragmatic offer to Burma’s paramount leader, who wants the Lady
to show “respect” and “good behavior.”
A statement by Suu Kyi and her next moves should spell out her own “climate
change” policy.

CONTRIBUTOR
Decision Time for Than Shwe

By BAMARGYI Tuesday, December 15, 2009
There is a wide belief among democratic forces that the 2010 general election will
be good for Burma—but are these optimists really aware of how the regime will
organize it?
Fourteen prime ministers for states and divisions will be selected by the president
and will select their own cabinet ministers. Elected or selected members of
parliament will play no role in the state’s cabinet. Parliament will convene
occasionally but members will only read prepared papers.
The only viable event in the whole process is the election of the president. As things
stand, only the regime's No 3, Thura Shwe Mann, is eligible for the post.
Like the 2008 referendum that paved the way for the 2010 election, the poll is
already a done deal.
The aftermath, however, is uncertain. Nobody knows what will happen after the
junta achieves its goal of giving itself legitimacy.
Junta chief Snr-Gen Than Shwe’s instruction is to change the system but not the
people behind it.
The charade is nothing new in Burmese politics. In 1974, for instance, Gen Ne Win’s
revolutionary council won legitimacy as an elected government with the help of
ballot boxes but against the wishes of the majority of the people.
The 1974 election left the ruling council intact, with the chairmen of the townships
and town councils becoming members of parliament.

The slogan was democratic socialism but corruption became institutionalized. The
government was unpopular, including among party officials and elected
representatives.
Than Shwe is now following the same course. The players and the timeframe have
changed but the basic plot and aims are the same.
Public opinion is the last thing on the minds of Than Shwe and the other junta
generals. Their plan and its execution do not call for the participation of the citizens
The generals have their lackeys, minions and paid workers who will act according to
the prescribed scheme.
General Ne Win realized that he made mistakes, discovering in 1987 that he had
been badly deceived by his subordinates all along. Realizing his errors and believing
he could manipulate the situation, Ne Win abandoned his lieutenants and turned to
multiparty democracy.
But his deputies refused to enact his program for change, the Burmese Socialist
Program Party collapsed and the army took over.
A wave of oppression followed, seriously damaging the people's morale. Then came
the events of 1988 and Than Shwe's unexpected assumption of power. By then, all
efforts to save the country had been wasted.
Ne Win began his failed campaign in 1974 but realized his failures only in 1987. He
chose to abandoned his colleagues and the party, which was badly misguided and
could not cope with the changes.
His attempt to change the system without changing the people behind it was a
failed endeavor from the start. Subordinates lied to him for fear of losing their
positions.

Than Shwe—who has also failed to recognize the true situation and has
miscalculated his power— is bound to repeat the same mistakes as Ne Win.
The governing council thinks that 13 percent growth is a reality. Now that US $4
billion in natural gas revenue is sitting in the banks, it doesn't care any more. The
generals just want to enjoy their new-found wealth.
With increasing wealth and with nobody challenging his authority, Than Shwe
naturally wants China off his back.
Now that US President Obama is proposing dialogue and a new policy on Burma,
Than Shwe might recognize the price he paid for friendship with China, which has
sought dividends by doing business with rogue states.
Than Shwe approached Russia through U Thaung, Minister of Science and
Technology, sending many young officers for training in the former communist
states. But no visible achievement was scored there.
Gaining US friendship would have been a dream two years ago, but today it's a
reality. There is only factor in the way of making this friendship a lasting one—the
cooperation of opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi.
Until recently, Than Shwe recoiled at the very mention of Suu Kyi's name. Today he
realizes that his only chance of escaping without a scratch depends on her.
Suu Kyi’s cooperation is not possible, however, without real change. Political
prisoners must be freed and the unresolved 1990 election has to be settled. The new
constitution also needs her blessing.
The animosity towards Suu Kyi harbored over the years has also taken hold of Than
Shwe's followers, who are like-minded people. Now Than Shwe needs to win over
their support in making friends with the democratic opposition.

The hatred Than Shwe cultivated within the junta makes it difficult to change his
direction. He has to convince his own people how badly he needs her friendship to
move forward. Their worry is, of course, self-preservation—if democracy flourishes,
they will lose their positions and status.
This is the critical time for Than Shwe to seize his opportunity. He has to go against
the flow and reverse the trend he himself created. The obstacles won't be easy to
overcome. A radically fresh outlook is needed.
There is still enough time if Than Shwe wants to make the election really
democratic and help form a truly democratic government.
This is the only way that he can emerged as a hero and escape Ne Win's fate. If he
sticks to his corrupt generals that fate is assured.
With Suu Kyi's help, Than Shwe could be a savior of the nation. A truly democratic
government would provide a fresh start, with Than Shwe's influence still intact. The
country would be spared turmoil as a new batch of leaders took over.
The first step Than Shwe must take is to talk to Suu Kyi. Progress would then
naturally follow.
CONTRIBUTOR
Unsung Heroes in Our Midst

By DR ZARNI Tuesday, December 8, 2009
Over the past month, Burma's military regime has arrested and put on trial dozens
of regime officials, civilian and military, for allegedly leaking top secrets to the
opposition and media. The alleged secrets included information about weapons
projects and photographs of underground tunnels.Those arrested and tried
included Col Kyaw Kyaw Win, director general of the office of the State Peace and
Development Council (SPDC), and ex-Maj Win Naing Kyaw, former personal staff
officer to SPDC Secretary-2, the late Lt-Gen Tin Oo.

Some of them face execution for treason. Others are likely to be sentenced to long
terms of imprisonment.
So why are opposition groups and global human rights campaigners failing to speak
out on the fate of these courageous military officers and their fellow insider-
dissidents?
Most Burma watchers, advocates and mainstream dissidents appear to remain
fixated on “pie-in-the-sky” issues such as the chances of a dialogue between iconic
dissident Aung San Suu Kyi and junta supremo Than Shwe, economic sanctions or
reciting the mantra of a “free, fair and inclusive” general election.
The typical lack of any sustained attention to the below-the-radar dynamic within
the military's power structure is perhaps the cardinal sin on the part of the
mainstream Burmese opposition and its Western supporters. This is not the first
time that the arrest and persecution of potentially mutinous regime insiders has
caught the opposition (and its worldwide web of human rights supporters,
including western governments) utterly off-guard.
As the unfolding story of these subversive insiders attests, there are, and will always
be, those who would want to push for change in their own ways. Evidently, chronic
purges and severe punishment of any potential mutineers within the system over
the past half-century have not killed off the desire for change on the part of some
members of the army's rank and file, just as long years of imprisonment and exile
have not dampened the determination and will of many dissidents.
Still, “rational”• Burma experts and civil society stakeholders have shown
insufficient appreciation of the empirically verifiable maxim: that all politically
repressive and economically depressed systems of governance engender resistance
and revolt from within.

Only five years ago, Than Shwe's regime purged the entire intelligence apparatus
headed by Gen Khin Nyunt, ostensibly on grounds of corruption but really to
preempt a potential mutiny by the clique that wished to work with Suu Kyi and
other dissidents and re-engage with the outside world.
Now the same regime is putting on trial another group of officials and ex-officials,
this time for treason. The defendants are reportedly charged with leaking State
secrets, including the regime's multi-billion-dollar “weaponization”• projects on
22 different sites across Burma and North Korean-designed underground tunnels.
The regime views the leakage as a highly treasonous attempt to “nuclearize”• the
Burma issue in order to convince Western powers to take regime change seriously
and draw the UN Security Council's attention to Burma again.
Once again, the opposition and its human rights supporters globally are looking on
idly, showing no signs of solidarity with or empathy for these accused officials and
their families.
To our own peril, we as civilian-dissidents have long under-valued or simply
ignored the recurring pattern of resistance, revolt and mutiny, however small the
scale, on the part of those who eventually come to share our goal of undermining,
frustrating and removing our common oppressors.
The issues of democratization, reconciliation, and ethnic power-sharing, as well as
historical memories, may not be black and white. But in terms of power abuse,
usurpation and political repression there is no shade of gray. There are parties who
are categorically in the wrong. And they need to be removed, electorally or by any
means necessary.
No one understands and appreciates this more than successive waves of regime
insiders, whom I would call “soldier-dissidents” whose life-risking actions are no
less heroic and deserving of recognition and support than any card-carrying

dissident, from Suu Kyi and Win Tin down to the other lesser known non-violence
proponents.
Whatever their past wrongs against the NLD leader and her party, it was Gen Khin
Nyunt and his deputies in the military intelligence who actually saved Suu Kyi's life
when she and her supporters came under attack from the Than Shwe-orchestrated
mob who meant to kill her and her senior colleague ex-Gen Tin Oo in 2003.
Since the 1988 uprisings, the Burmese opposition, both inside the country and in
exile, has categorically failed to develop any political and strategic platform to
identify, recognize, support and cultivate ties with potentially enlightened soldiers.
In terms of lost opportunity, crying victim in the West and reciting the mantra of
non-violence, dialogue and reconciliation are proving to be costlier than building
solidarity with our own brothers in green uniform at home.
Empirically speaking, these “few good men” chronically emerge from within the
cracks of the power structures, but only to be crushed, in large part because of a
lack of sustained, tangible material support, civil-military solidarity and
international endorsement to remove irredeemable leaderships.
Two major obstacles exist in the way of embracing and supporting soldier-
dissidents as agents of change.
One is the inherent Western liberal bias against cultivating contacts with the
military and, conversely, in favor of western educated dissidents who utter well-
worn liberal buzz words such as “civil society,” “human rights,” “democracy,”
“capacity building,” “non-violence” and so on.
Speaking from my own experience, any civilian dissident trying to reach out to the
other camp is widely ostracized by the very same liberals and human rights
campaigners who endorse dialogue and reconciliation with the military.

Stereotypically, their average dissident is someone for whom there is a revolving
door between home and prison, who defies the junta on the street with great
courage and dignity. The greater the personal sacrifice, the greater their moral
capital.
Obviously reformist Burmese soldiers, from Capt Ohn Kyaw Myint, the1976 coup
leader who was hanged in Insein Prison, ex-General Tin Oo and the late Colonel Kyi
Maung of the NLD party, to Captain Khin Maung Nyunt (Defense Services
Academy/DSA In-take 1), Captain Thant Zin Myaing (DSA 11), Lt-Colonel Aye
Myint (Officers Training School Batch-25), Major Aung Lin Htut (DSA-20), and
Captain Sai Win Kyaw, all in exile, would not feign liberalism or calculatingly talk
the liberal talk in order to please Western ears or draw support from the media,
liberal governments,
international non-governmental organizations or grassroots networks. But they did
understand what it would take to do the job of installing a more enlightened system
of governance.
Without recognizing, encouraging and supporting the heroic side of our soldiers
and their sense of duty to the country, no amount of democracy chants, human
rights mantra, development aid and humanitarian assistance will effectively
address Burma's fundamental problem—namely, radically reforming and rebuilding
the militarized, rentier State.
I for one find it pathetically unprincipled that human rights campaigners have been
thunderously silent over the plight of hundreds of jailed military officers from Gen
Khin Nyunt's reform-minded camp.
No Burma policy discussion internationally is seen to have touched on the plight of
these soldiers who are serving lengthy prison sentences ranging from 45 years to
150 years.

In fact, their trials were even more Kafkaesque than the partially televised trial of
Suu Kyi. The regime didn't even bother to give the world the impression of due-
process and judicial fairness when it was jailing its own officers left and right.
One of them, Foreign Minister Win Aung, a former major, died in Insein prison
only recently. Not one card-carrying human rights defender, Burmese or western,
has called attention to these systemic injustices, simply because these men are not
their average dissident. So much for the liberal principles of justice, fairness and
fundamental human rights!
The other obstacle is a lack of a full understanding and appreciation of the crucial
role pro-change members of the security apparatuses play in shifting the balance of
power in successful “people's power” movements—from the Philippines to
Indonesia, from Pakistan to Thailand.
But no Burma pro-democracy organization or forum—be it the armed resistance
organizations, so-called governments-in exile or political prisoners campaign
group—has ever genuinely welcomed security and military veterans into their
networks, let alone seek the latter's strategic input or share resources, limelight and
contacts with these soldier-dissidents.
There is much support for the victims of Burma's militarized state—fleeing refugees
and persecuted civilian dissidents, for instance—in the form of moral backing,
sympathetic media templates, sustained funding and organizational aid. But there
are absolutely no platforms, resources, funding, recognition, moral or ideological
support for the soldiers who have risked their lives or positions of influence to
undermine the top leadership.
The first step towards mending this structural, strategic and ideological flaw is for
both the Burmese public at large and civilian dissidents in particular to start
recognizing the value of soldier-dissidents in our midst. In the final analysis, it is
their strategic push for change from within the very power structures of Burma's
repressive state that is the single most crucial component of any strategy for
genuine transition. No amount of humanitarian assistance, developmental advice,
capacity building or policy dialogue will substitute or do their job.
In our midst, there have been many unrecognized martyrs and unsung heroes who
need to be recognized posthumously or contemporaneously. It is both a strategic
necessity and a morally right thing to do. It's overdue—but certainly better late than
never.
Dr Zarni is a columnist for The Irrawaddy and Research Fellow on Burma at the
London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).
တင္မိုးေရးတဲ့ လူမသိသူမသိ စာတပုဒ္

ေမာင္စြမ္းရည္
ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၁၇၊ ၂၀၀၉
http://moemaka.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5468&Itemi
ႏူိ၀င္ဘာလ ၁၉ ရက္ေန႔ဟာ တင္မိုးေမြးေန႔ပါ။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ လူမသိသူမသိ

သူေရးသားျပဳစုဖူးတဲ့ စာအုပ္ကေလး တအုပ္အေၾကာင္းကို ေဖၚထုတ္လိုက္ခ်င္ပါတယ္။ ဒီလို
ေဖၚထုတ္လိုက္တဲ့အတြက္ တင္မိုးအေၾကာင္းလဲပိုသိရတဲ့အျပင္ စစ္အစိုးရရဲ့ ပရမ္းပတာ
ပညာေရး လုပ္ရပ္ေတြ အေၾကာင္းကိုလဲ ပိုသိရပါလိမ့္မယ္။
က်ေနာ္က မဆလ စစ္အစိုးေခတ္ေနာက္ပိုင္း ပညာေရး၀န္ႀကီး ဦးေက်ာ္ညိမ္း

လက္ထက္မွာ ပညာေရး၀န္ႀကီး႒ာန အေျခခံပညာ သင္ရိုးညႊန္းတန္း သင္ရိုးမာတိကာ နဲ႔
ေက်ာင္းသံုးစာအုပ္ေကာ္မတီ ျမန္မာစာသင္ရိုးအဖြဲ႔ရဲ့ အတြင္းေရးမႈးတာ၀န္ ယူေနရဆဲ
ကာလျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
တင္မိုးလဲ ျမန္မာစာသင္ရိုးအဖြဲ႔မွာ တကၠသိုလ္ကိုယ္စားလွယ္ တေယာက္အျဖစ္

ပါ၀င္ေနပါတယ္။ သူ႔ကို ဆရာေဇာ္ဂ်ီ၊ ဆရာမင္းသု၀ဏ္တို႔က ထည့္သြင္းထားလို႔
မဆလပညာေရး အဦးအစကတည္းက ဒီအဖြဲ႔မွာ သူ ပါေနတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္က
မဆလေခတ္ ကုန္ကာနီးမွ ပါ၀င္လာသူျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
မူလတန္းေက်ာင္းသံုးစာအုပ္ေတြမွာ တင္မိုးေရးထားတဲ့ ကဗ်ာေလးေတြ

ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ား ပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္ မေရာက္ခင္ကတည္းက လုပ္ခဲ့ၾကတာေတြကို
က်ေနာ္သိပ္မသိဘူး။ အျခား ကဗ်ာဆရာေတြလဲ ရွိၾကေတာ့ ဘယ္ကဗ်ာ ဘယ္သူ႔ဟာလဲလို႔

က်ေနာ္မသိတာေတြပါ ပါတယ္။ တခ်ိဳ႔က စုေပါင္းစပ္ေပါင္းေတြပဲ ၀ိုင္းေရးၾကတာ။
ဒါေတြကိုအားလံုးသိသူက နွစ္ဦးပဲ ရွိပါေတာ့တယ္။
ပညာေရးတကၠသိုလ္ ျမန္္မာစာသင္နည္း႒ါန ပါေမာကၡ (အၿငိမ္းစား) ဦးသန္းထြတ္ နဲ႔

ပ်ဥ္းမနား ေမာင္နီသင္း ေခၚ ပညာေရးသုေတသနဗ်ဴရိုက သုေတသနအရာရွိ ဦးတင္၀င္း တို႔ပါပဲ။
သူတို႔ကို ဘယ္ဟာ တင္မိုးေရးတာလဲ လို႔ တင္မိုးရဲ့ သားသမီးေတြက ေမးထားဖို႔ ေကာင္းပါတယ္။
က်ေနာ္ ေရာက္သြားေတာ့ မူလတန္းစာအုပ္ေတြကို သိပ္ျပန္မျပင္ရဘူး။

အထက္တန္းေက်ာင္းေတြကိုပဲ ျပန္ျပင္ရတာမ်ားပါတယ္။ ဒီလိုျပင္ရတာကလဲ ဗိုလ္ေန၀င္းရဲ့
အမိန္႔ေၾကာင့္ အဓိကျဖစ္ပံုရပါတယ္။
စာေရးဆရာႀကီးေတြထဲမွာက ဗိုလ္ေန၀င္းကို ၾကည္ညိဳသူ၊ စစ္အစိုးရကို အလြန္႔အလြန္

သေဘာက်သူရွားပါတယ္။ ဒါကို ဗိုလ္ေန၀င္းက သိပါတယ္ သူကလူပါးပဲကိုး။ ဒါေၾကာင့္
ေက်ာင္းသံုးစာအုပ္ေတြထဲမွာ ကြယ္လြန္ၿပီး နွစ္ေပါင္း ၂၀ ၾကာတဲ့ စာေရးဆရာရဲ့ စာမူကိုသာ
သံုးရမယ္လို႔ အမိန္႔ထုတ္တယ္။ မကြယ္လြန္ေသးတဲ့ စာေရးဆရာရဲ့ စာမူ သံုးမိရင္
အဲ့ဒီစာေရးဆရာက စီးပြားေရးလုပ္မွာစိုးလို႔ ဘာျဖစ္လို႔ ညာျဖစ္လို႔ အေၾကာင္းျပ
ေစာ္ကားပါတယ္။ အမွန္တကယ္က သူကိုယ္တိုင္က မနာလို တိုရွည္ျဖစ္ပံုရပါတယ္။
ဒါ့ေၾကာင့္ ဆရာေဇာ္ဂ်ီ၊ ဆရာမင္းသု၀ဏ္ နဲ႔ စာေရးဆရာေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားရဲ့ စာေတြကို

အကုန္ျပန္ျဖဳတ္ရပါတယ္။ အေျခခံပညာဆိုတာ ေခတ္စာ၊ ေခတ္စကား၊ ေခတ္အေတြး၊
ေခတ္အေရးက အဓိကမဟုတ္လား။ ခုေတာ့ ဗိုလ္ေန၀င္းေၾကာင့္ ေရွးစာေတြခ်ည္းလိုလို
ျဖစ္ကုန္တယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို႔က ဒီၾကားထဲ သခင္ကိုယ္ေတာ္မႈိင္း နဲ႔ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဴပ္ေအာင္ဆန္းတို႔
စာေတြကို မျဖစ္ျဖစ္ေအာင္ ထည့္ခဲ့ ၾကရပါတယ္။
၀န္ႀကီးဦးေက်ာ္ညိမ္းက စစ္ဗိုလ္ မဟုတ္လား။ ပညာေရးကို ဘာမွမသိဘူး။ ဒါေၾကာင့္

အေျခခံပညာကို အဆင့္ျမွင့္ခ်င္လို႔ ဆိုၿပီး ၁၀ တန္း အထက္မွာ ၁၁ တန္းလို႔
တဆင့္ျမွင့္ခ်င္သတဲ့။ သူ႔ေခတ္မွာ အေျပာင္းအလဲႀကီးတခု လုပ္ခဲ့ခ်င္တယ္ ဆိုတဲ့
သေဘာလည္းပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ သင္ရိုးအဖြဲ႔ေတြမွာ လုပ္ရင္းကိုင္ရင္းက ေန႔ခ်င္းညခ်င္း
ဆိုသလို တဆင့္လဲျမင့္ေအာင္ အခ်ိတ္အဆက္လဲမိေအာင္ ျပင္ၾကဆင္ၾကရတယ္။

ျမန္မာစာသင္ရိုးအဖြဲ႔က ၁၁ တန္း စိတ္ႀကိဳက္ျမန္မာစာ အတြက္ ကဗ်ာစပ္နည္း စာအုပ္
ထည့္မယ္။ ေခတ္နဲ႔ညီေအာင္ အသစ္ျပဳစုမယ္။ ဒီအတြက္ကေတာ့ တဖြဲ႔လံုး၀ိုင္းေရးလို႔ ျဖစ္တာမ်ိဳး
မဟုတ္ဘူး။ တဦးတည္းျပဳစုရမယ္ ဦးဘဂ်မ္း(တင္မိုး)ဟာ ေရွးကဗ်ာေတြကို ကၽြမ္းက်င္သူ
ျဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ သူ႔ကိုပဲတာ၀န္ေပးရမယ္ လို႔ အားလံုးသေဘာတူတယ္။
ျမန္မာစာသင္ရိုးအဖြဲ႔ ဥကၠ႒ ျမန္မာစာပါေမာကၡ ေဒၚစီစီ၀င္း၊ အဖြဲ႔၀င္ ပါေမာကၡ

ဦးဘိုးသင္းတို႔ကလဲ မႏၱေလးတကၠသိုလ္ ျမန္မာစာ႒ာနက လာၾကတာဆိုေတာ့ တင္မိုး
အေၾကာင္း ေကာင္းေကာင္းသိၾကတာကိုး။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ သူတို႔က တင္မိုးကို စိတ္ခ်လက္ခ်
တာ၀န္ေပးတယ္။
ေန႔ခ်င္းညခ်င္းဆိုသလို တင္မိုးကလဲ မႀကံဳစဖူး ၀ီရိယနဲ႔ ျပဳစုလိုက္လို႔

စာအုပ္ကေလးျဖစ္လာတယ္။ ေစတနာထားရွာလို႔ပါ နာမည္ခံခြင့္ မရွိပါ။
ျမန္မာကဗ်ာစပ္နည္း ေက်ာင္းသံုးစာအုပ္ကေလးထဲမွာ သံေပါက္၊ ေလးလံုးစပ္၊ လကၤာ၊
ေဒြးခ်ိဴး ေလးခ်ိဴး၊ ေတးတပ္၊ တ်ာခ်င္း၊ အိုင္ခ်င္း စတဲ့ ေရွးရိုးကဗ်ာစပ္နည္းေတြအျပင္

ကေလးကဗ်ာစပ္နည္း ဆိုတာလဲ ပါလာေတာ့ ဆရာႀကီးမင္းသု၀ဏ္ရဲ့ ကေလးကဗ်ာကေလးေတြ
ဟာ မလြဲမေသြ ပါရေတာ့တာေပါ့။
ဗိုလ္ေန၀င္း မ်က္မုန္းက်ိဴးသူေတြထဲမွာ ခရစ္ယန္ႀကီး (ဦးေဖေမာင္တင္) ရဲ့ တပည့္ဆိုၿပီး

မင္းသု၀ဏ္က ထိပ္ဆံုးကပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ သက္ရွိထင္ရွား ရွိေသးတဲ့ စာေရးဆရာရဲ့ စာမူကို
မသံုးရ ဆိုတဲ့ ဗိုလ္ေန၀င္းရဲ့ အမိန္႔အရ ကေလးကဗ်ာက႑ကို မလြဲမေရွာင္သာ
ပယ္လိုက္ရပါတယ္။ တင္မိုးက က်ေနာ္တို႔ကို ဆႏၵျပတဲ့အေနနဲ႔ အစည္းအေ၀းကို
သပိတ္ေမွာက္ထြက္သြားၿပီး တကၠသိုလ္အပန္းေျဖရိပ္သာထဲက အနုပညာအဖြဲ႔ကိုသြားၿပီး
ေက်ာင္းသားေတြနဲ႔ တေနကုန္ တီးမႈတ္သီဆိုေနလိုက္ပါေတာ့တယ္။
တင္မိုးျပဳစုတဲ့ စာအုပ္ကေလးကို အဲ့ဒီတုန္းက ျမန္မာစာသင္ရိုးအဖြဲ႔ ၀ိဇၨာ႒ါနခြဲမႈး

ဦးဘေကာင္း (ေက်ာင္းသားေခါင္းေဆာင္ေဟာင္း) နဲ႔ က်ေနာ္တို႔ နွစ္ေယာက္ တာ၀န္အရ
တည္းျဖတ္ၿပီး ခ်က္ခ်င္း စက္တင္ ပံုနွိပ္ပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ကိုယ္တိုင္ ပရုဖတ္ပါတယ္။
စာအုပ္ကေလး လွလွပပ ထြက္လာပါတယ္။ ၁၉၈၅ ခုနွစ္မွာပါ။ ၿပီးလဲၿပီးေရာ ၁၁ တန္း
ျပန္ျဖဳတ္ေစလို႔ ၀န္ႀကီးက ျပန္လည္ျပင္ဆင္ျပန္ပါတယ္။
ပညာေရးဆိုတာ ခု စာကေလးေၾကာ္၊ ခုဆီထမင္း ဆိုသလို ေမွာက္ခ်ည္ လွန္ခ်ည္

လုပ္ရတာမွ မဟုတ္ဘဲကလား။ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေက်ာင္းဆရာေတြဟာ စစ္ပညာ မတတ္သလို၊ သူတို႔
စစ္သားေတြလဲ က်ေနာ္တို႔ပညာေရးလုပ္ငန္းကို မတတ္ပါဘူး။ ေက်ာင္းဆရာေတြကို
စစ္တိုက္ခိုင္းရင္ ရႈံးမွာပဲ။ စစ္ရႈံးတာက တိုက္ပြဲ တပြဲ နွစ္ပြဲ ပါပဲ။ ပညာေရးရႈံးရင္
တသက္လံုးေမွာက္ရမွာပါ။
ဒီေနရာမွာ ဦးေက်ာ္ညိမ္း တေယာက္ထဲကို ကြက္ၿပီး အျပစ္ မေျပာလိုပါဘူး။

စစ္အစိုးရဆိုတဲ့ အာဏာရွင္စနစ္ႀကီး တခုလံုးရဲ့ အျပစ္ပါ။ တခုေတာ့ရွိပါရဲ့ … သူတို႔စစ္ဗိုလ္ေတြ
အားလံုးေလာက္ဟာ ပညာေရး၊ က်န္းမာေရး၊ စီးပြားေရး စတဲ့ အေရးေတြမွာလဲ သူတို႔လုပ္ရင္
ျဖစ္ရမယ္လို႔ ဘ၀င္ျမင့္ေနၾကတာပါပဲ။ စစ္အစိုးရ အဆက္ဆက္မွာ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မိသားစုေတြရဲ့
စီးပြားေရးသာ တိုးတက္ေအာင္လုပ္ႏူိင္ၿပီး ျပည္သူေတြကေတာ ၾကာေလ မြဲေလပါပဲ
ျမင္တဲ့အတိုင္းပါပဲ။

တင္မိုးရဲ့ ကဗ်ာစာအုပ္ေလးဟာ ခုအခါ က်ေနာ့္လက္ထဲမွာ ရွိေနပါတယ္။ စကၤာပူက
မိတ္ေဆြကိုေဇာ္ေအာင္ ယူလာေပးတာပါ။ အေျခခံပညာ အထက္တန္းေက်ာင္းသံုး
စိတ္ႀကိဳက္ျမန္မာစာ “ ကဗ်ာဖြဲ႔နည္း စာအုပ္” တဲ့။ ျမန္မာ အကၡရာ အသံအသတ္ စတာေတြကို
အရင္ေဖၚျပပါတယ္။ ၿပီးမွ သံေပါက၊္ ေလးလံုးစပ၊္ လကၤာ၊ သံခ်ပ္၊ ရတု၊ ေဒြးခ်ိဴး၊ ႀကိခ်ိဴး၊
ေလးခ်ိဴး၊ ေတးထပ္၊ လြမ္းခ်င္း၊ ၾတာခ်င္း၊ အိုင္ခ်င္းစတဲ့ ျမန္မာကဗ်ာဖြဲ႔ နည္းစနစ္ေတြကို တိုတုိနဲ႔
လိုရင္းရွင္းလင္း တင္ျပထားပါတယ္။ လြယ္လဲလြယ္ပါတယ္။
အခုၾကားေဖါက္ၿပီး သတိရလာတာရွိပါတယ္၊ ဆရာႀကီး ဒဂုန္တာရာ ေထာက္ျပတဲ့ ျမန္
မာကဗ်ာ စပ္နည္းေတြရဲ့ သေဘာသဘာ၀နဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ အခ်က္တခုပါ။

လူငယ္ကဗ်ာဆရာမ်ားက ကာရန္မဲ့ကဗ်ာ အေၾကာင္းကို ေရးၾကေျပာၾကေတာ့ ျမန္မာကဗ်ာ
ဖြဲ႔နည္းစနစ္က ကာရန္စနစ္ျဖစ္တယ္။ အဂၤလိပ္ကဗ်ာ ဖြဲ႔နည္း( ဗမာေတြ အသိမ်ားတဲ့
ႏူိင္ငံျခားကဗ်ာ ဖြဲ႔နည္း)က အဖိ အေဖါ့ အေလးအေပါ့ အစီအစဥ္( ရစ္သံ) စနစ္ျဖစ္တယ္လို႔
သာမန္ပဲ ခြဲျခားေျပာမိ ုေနၾကပါတယ္။
ဒီမွာပဲ ဆရာတာရာက ေလးခ်ိဴး ေတးထပ္ စတဲ့ ျမန္မာကဗ်ာေတြမွာ “ ဂရု- လဟု” ဆိုတဲ့

အသံအေလးအေပါ့ စနစ္ရွိတယ္လို႔ ေထာက္ျပပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဆရာတာရာကို
ေက်းဇူးတင္ရပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ အဲဒီ “ဂရု- လဟု” စနစ္မွာလဲ ကာရန္နဲ႔ပဲ ဆံုးျဖတ္တာကို ထပ္မံ
သတိျပဳမိရျပန္ပါတယ္။
ကာရန္မဲ့ ကဗ်ာဆရာမ်ားက “က်ေနာ္တို႔ဟာ ကဗ်ာမွာ ရစ္သံကို အဓိကထားပါတယ္”
လို႔ ဆိုၾကျပန္ပါတယ္၊ ဒါကို လက္မခံစရာမရွိပါ၊ ဒါေပမဲ့ ျမန္မာကဗ်ာမွာ ကာရန္နဲ႔ ရစ္သံနဲ႔ ဖန္
တည္းခဲ့ပါတယ္ ဆိုတာကိုလဲ ဆရာမ်ားက ေထာက္ျပၾကပါတယ္။
ဒီသေဘာေတြကို တင္မိုးရဲ့ “ျမန္မာကဗ်ာ ဖြဲ႔နည္း” စာအုပ္ကေလးမွာလဲ

ေလ့လာႏူိင္ပါတယ္။ ၾကည့္တတ္ရင္ ျမင္မွာပါပဲ။ အျခား ျမန္မာကဗ်ာဖြဲ႔နည္း
စာအုပ္အမ်ိဴးမ်ိဴးမွာလဲ ဒီသေဘာေတြ ပါရွိၿပီးပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ေမာင္သာႏူိးက ကာရန္မဲ့ကဗ်ာမွာ
“လြယ္လြန္းျခင္းဆိုတဲ့ ေခ်ာက္ကမ္းပါးႀကီး ရွိေလရဲ့”
… တဲ့။ သတိထားရင္ မမွားပါဘူး။
၂၄၊ နို၀င္ဘာ၊ ၂၀၀၉

အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ပိုင္း
အေျပာင္းအလဲအေပၚ ဦးဝင္းတင္ရဲ႕ အျမင္
ဘီဘီစီ အင္တာဗ်ဴး၊ သရုပ္ေဖာ္ - ကာတြန္းေစာငို
ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၁၇၊ ၂၀၀၉
http://moemaka.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5467&Itemid=
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ကေတာ့ အန္အယ္ဒီေခါင္းေဆာင္ပိုင္းကို ျပန္လည္ျပင္ဆင္
ဖြဲ႔စည္းမယ္လို႔ ေျပာလိုက္ပါၿပီ။ ေခါင္းေဆာင္လူႀကီးေတြကလည္း သေဘာတူတယ္လို႔ သိရပါၿပီ။
ဒီကေန႔ကာလ အေျခအေနနဲ႔ကိုက္ညီတဲ့ ပါတီ ေခါင္းေဆာင္မႈကို ဘယ္လိုပံုစံမ်ဳိး
ဖြဲ႔စည္းသင့္ပါသလဲ။ အန္အယ္ဒီပါတီ လက္ရွိ ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္တဦးျဖစ္တဲ့ ဦးဝင္းတင္ကို
ဘီဘီစီက ဆက္သြယ္ၿပီး ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစု ၾကည္ စတင္ေျပာဆိုလာၿပီျဖစ္တဲ့
ပါတီေခါင္းေဆာင္မႈ ေျပာင္းလဲမယ့္ကိစၥနဲ႔ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ဘယ္လိုသေဘာထားရပါလဲလို႔
ေမးၾကည့္ေတာ့ …
ဦးဝင္းတင္။ ။ ဒီဟာက ျဖစ္လာရမယ့္ ကိစၥပဲလို႔ က်ေနာ္ ယူဆပါတယ္၊

ဘာျဖစ္လို႔လဲဆိုေတာ့ ဒီပုဂၢိဳလ္ႀကီးမ်ားလည္း ပါတီမွာ ထမ္းေဆာင္လာခဲ့တာ ႏွစ္ေပါင္းကို
ဆယ္စုႏွစ္ကို ေက်ာ္သြားၿပီေနာ္၊ အသက္ေတြလည္းႀကီးလွၿပီ၊ က်န္းမာေရး ေတြကလည္း
ခ်ဳိ႕တဲ့လာၿပီ ဆိုတဲ့အခါက်ေတာ့ ဘာပဲေျပာေျပာ သူတို႔က အနားယူရမယ့္
အခ်ိန္လည္းေရာက္လာတယ္။ အဲဒီအခါက်ေတာ့ စီအီးစီက တိုးခ်ဲ႕တယ္ပဲေခၚေခၚ၊
အားျဖည့္တယ္ပဲေခၚေခၚ၊ လုပ္ရေတာ့မယ့္ကိစၥပဲဗ်။
ဘီဘီစီ။ ။ ဟုတ္ကဲ့ပါ။ က်ေနာ္တို႔ေလ့လာစံုစမ္းမိသေလာက္ အန္အယ္ဒီ လူလတ္ပိုင္းနဲ႔

လူငယ္ပိုင္းေတြက ပါတီ ေခါင္းေဆာင္မႈအပိုင္းကို စနစ္တက် ေရြးေကာက္တင္ေျမွာက္တဲ့ပံုစံနဲ႔
သြားခ်င္တယ္ဆိုတဲ့သေဘာမ်ဳိးေတြ ေတြ႔ရပါတယ္။ အဲဒါေရာ တကယ္လက္ေတြ႔မွာ
ျဖစ္လာႏိုင္ပါ့မလား။ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္နဲ႔ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြက အဲလိုမ်ဳိးျဖစ္ဖို႔ကို
သေဘာတူမယ္လို႔ ထင္ပါသလားခင္ဗ်။
ဦးဝင္းတင္။ ။ ဟာ ထင္တာေပါ့ခင္ဗ်ာ။ ထင္တာေပါ့၊ ဘာျဖစ္လို႔လည္းဆိုေတာ့

က်ေနာ္တုိ႔အဖြဲ႔အစည္းက နာမည္ကိုက အမ်ဳိးသား ဒီမိုကေရစီအဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ ဗ်၊
ဒီမိုကေရစီအဖြ႔ဲအစည္း။ က်ေနာ္တို႔က အာဏာရွင္အဖြဲ႔အစည္း မဟုတ္ဘူး။ အဲဒါေၾကာင့္
ဒီမိုကေရစီက်င့္ထံုးေတြ၊ ဒီမိုကေရစီလုပ္ရပ္ေတြ၊ ဒီမိုကေရစီေမွ်ာ္မွန္းခ်က္ေတြ ရည္မွန္းခ်က္ေတြ၊
ဒီမိုကေရစီလုပ္ဟန္ေတြကို က်ေနာ္တို႔ မူအားျဖင့္ေတာ့ အားလံုးလက္ခံမွာပဲဗ်။
ေနာက္တခုက ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္တို႔၊ ဦးတင္ဦးတို႔ စသည္

ဒီေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြရွိေနတဲ့ (အက်ဥ္းက်ေနတဲ့ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြေပါ့ဗ်ာ) ဒီေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြထဲမွာ
လည္း (ေခါင္းထဲမွာလည္း၊ ရင္ထဲမွာလည္း) ဒီမိုကေရစီေရးအတြက္ လုပ္လာခဲ့သူေတြ။
ဒီလူေတြဟာ မေန႔တေန႔ကမွ တက္လာတဲ့လူေတြ၊ ၾကားျဖတ္ၿပီးေတာ့မွ ဝင္လာတဲ့
လုပ္တဲ့လူေတြ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ ၁၉၈၈ ဒီမိုကေရစီအေရးေတာ္ပံုႀကီး ထဲကေန ေပါက္ဖြားလာတဲ့
ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြျဖစ္တယ္။ ဆိုေတာ့ အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ကိုယ္တိုင္ကလည္း ဒီမိုကေရစီအေရးေတာ္ပံုႀကီး
ကေန ေပါက္ဖြားလာတဲ့ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းျဖစ္တယ္။ အဲဒီအခါက်ေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔က
ဒီမိုကေရစီနည္းဟန္ေတြနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီးေတာ့ တြန္႔ဆုတ္ျခင္း ဘာဆိုဘာမွ မရွိဘူးလို႔
ေျပာႏိုင္တယ္။
အဲ … တခုပဲရွိတယ္။ လူငယ္ေတြ အင္အားသစ္ေတြကေနၿပီးေတာ့ ေမွ်ာ္မွန္းေနတဲ့

ဒီမိုကေရစီနည္းက်တင္ေျမွာက္ျခင္း၊ ဒီမိုကေရစီနည္းက်ေရြးခ်ယ္ျခင္း ဆိုတာေတြက
တခါတေလက်ေတာ့ အခု ဗမာျပည္မွာ အေနအထားက ဘယ္လိုျဖစ္ေနလဲဆိုေတာ့
က်ေနာ္တို႔ကသာ ဒီမိုကေရစီ စိတ္ထားေနတာ၊ ဒီမိုကေရစီ ေရွး႐ႈေနတာ။
တိုင္းျပည္ရဲ႕အေနအထားက ဒီမိုကေရစီနဲ႔က က်ေနာ္ထင္တယ္ တယူဇနာ မဟုတ္ေတာင္မွ
အေတာ္ ကြာကြာလွမ္းလွမ္းကို ရွိေနတယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေျပာရမလိုျဖစ္ေနတယ္။
ဘာျဖစ္လို႔လဲဆိုေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔မွာ ဘာလြတ္လပ္ခြင့္မွမရွိဘူးဗ်ာ။
ဘာပဲေျပာေျပာ က်ေနာ္တို႔က အားနဲ႔မာန္နဲ႔၊ ခြန္အားနဲ႔ စိတ္ဓာတ္နဲ႔

တြန္းတြန္းတိုက္တိုက္ကေလး လုပ္မယ္ေပါ့ဗ်ာ။ ထားရာေန ေစရာသြားဆိုတဲ့ စိတ္မဟုတ္ဘဲနဲ႔
လုပ္ၾကမယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ က်ေနာ္ထင္တယ္ အခုခင္ဗ်ားေျပာခဲ့တဲ့ ေခါင္းေဆာင္သစ္
ေဖာ္ထုတ္ေရးတို႔၊ အင္အားသစ္ေဖာ္ထုတ္ေရးတို႔၊ လုပ္ငန္းသစ္မ်ား
ေဖာ္ထုတ္ေရးတို႔ဆိုတာေတြဟာ တနည္းမဟုတ္တနည္း အေႏွးနဲ႔အျမန္ ေပၚလာမွာပဲလို႔
က်ေနာ္ကေတာ့ အဲဒီလိုယံုၾကည္ပါတယ္ဗ်ာ။
ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၁၆ ရက္ ၂၀၀၉ ခုႏွစ္၊ ဘီဘီစီ(ျမန္မာပိုင္း) ညပိုင္းအစီအစဥ္မွ

ေကာက္ႏုတ္ေဖာ္ျပပါတယ္။
သတင္းမီဒီယာမ်ားက နအဖ၏
ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးမ်ားထက္ လက္ဦးမႈရေန
မိုးမခ အေထာက္ေတာ္၊ ရန္ကုန္
ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၁၇၊ ၂၀၀၉
နအဖ အစိုးရ၏ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရး အဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ားျဖစ္သည့္ အက္စ္ဘီ၊ စရဖနွင့္

အထူးစံုစမ္းစစ္ေဆးေရး ဖြဲ႕(စသံုးလံုး) အဖြဲ႔တို႔သည္ မီဒီယာမ်ားတြင္ ေဖၚျပသည့္
သတင္းေနာက္ကို လိုက္ၿပီး အစီရင္ခံစာေရး တင္ေနၾကသည္အထိ စြမ္းေဆာင္ရည္
က်ဆင္းလာသည္ဟု ရဲသတင္းတပ္ဖြဲ႔ႏွင့္ နီးစပ္သူမ်ားက ေျပာဆိုသည္။ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳမွ
ရဲတပ္ဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ားႏွင့္ နီးစပ္သူတဦးက ေျပာၾကားရာတြင္
“ကၽြန္ေတာ္သိတဲ့ ရဲေတြထဲက အေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားဟာ အင္တာနက္ေပၚတက္သြားတဲ့

ျပည္တြင္းသတင္းေတြကို လိုက္စုၿပီး အခ်င္းခ်င္းဖလွယ္ေျပာဆို ေနၾကတယ္။ အင္တာနက္မွာ

ေဖၚျပတဲ့ သတင္းေတြထဲက ကိုယ့္နယ္ေျမနဲ႔ ဆိုင္တဲ့သတင္းကို အာရံုစိုက္ဖတ္ၾကတယ္။
အဲဒီေနာက္မွ စံုစမ္းရင္စံုစမ္း မစံုစမ္းရင္လည္း အဲဒါကိုအေျခခံၿပီး အထက္ကို
အစီရင္ခံစာေရးတင္တဲ့သူ အမ်ားႀကီးပဲ။
တခ်ိဳ႕အင္တာနက္ ေကာင္းေကာင္းမသံုးတတ္တဲ့ ရဲေတြက အင္တာနက္သံုးတတ္တဲ့သူ

ကိုေမြးထားၿပီးေန႔စဥ္ အြန္လိုင္း၀က္ဆိုက္ေပၚက သတင္းေတြကိုစု စာရြက္နဲ႔ ရိုက္ထုတ္ေစၿပီး
ဖတ္ၾက အစီရင္ခံစာေရးတင္ၾကတယ္" ဟုေျပာသည္။
ရဲအခ်င္းခ်င္းေတြ႕ဆံုၾကသည့္အခါ သူ႔အပိုင္ကုိယ့္အပို္င္ နယ္ေျမမ်ားမွ

သတင္းမ်ားကိုဖလွယ္ၾကေလ့ရွိၿပီး ထိုသို႔ဖလွယ္ရာတြင္ အင္တာနက္သတင္းမ်ားကို
စာရြက္မ်ားျဖင့္ ရိုက္ထုတ္ၿပီး ဖတ္ရႈေနၾကသည္ကို ကိုယ္တိုင္ကိုယ္က် ေတြ႕ျမင္ခဲ့ရသည္ဟု
ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕မွ စီးပြားေရး ၀န္ေဆာင္မႈလုပ္ကိုင္သူ တဦးကေျပာဆိုသည္။
ထိုသို႔ျဖစ္ပ်က္ေနရျခင္း အေၾကာင္းတခ်က္မွာလစာအျပင္ ေဘးပန္း၀င္ေငြရရွိဖို႔ရာ

ေန႔စဥ္ႏွင့္အမွ်ႀကိဳးစားေနၾကသည့္ အတြက္ပင္မတာ၀န္ျဖစ္သည့္ စံုစမ္းေထာက္လွမ္းသည့္
တာ၀န္မ်ား လစ္ဟင္းလာကာ မီဒီယာေနာက္သို႔လိုက္ၾကရသည့္
အေျခသို႔ေရာက္ေနၾကျခင္းျဖစ္သည္ဟု အထက္ပါ ပုဂၢိဳလ္က ေျပာဆိုသည္။
ရန္ကုန္တိုင္းရဲတပ္ဖြဲ႔၀င္တဦးက ေျပာဆိုရာတြင္ လက္ရွိ ရန္ကုန္တုိင္းရဲမွဴးႀကီးျဖစ္သူ

ေအာင္ႏိုင္သူ ကိုယ္တိုင္ အင္တာနက္၀က္ဆိုက္မ်ားတြင္ ေဖၚျပေနသည့္ ျပည္တြင္း
သတင္းမ်ားကို အျမဲတမ္းဖြင့္ထားၿပီး အဆိုပါ သတင္းမ်ားေပၚအေျခခံၿပီး
လက္ေအာက္ငယ္သားမ်ားကို ေစခိုင္းေလ့ရွိသည္ဟု ဆိုသည္။
၂၀၀၄ခုွႏွစ္ကုန္ တပ္မေတာ္ေထာက္လွမ္းေရး (အမ္အိုင္)ေခတ္ကုန္ၿပီးေနာက္ နအဖ

အစိုးရအေနျဖင့္ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရး အဖြဲ႔မ်ားျဖစ္သည့္ အက္စ္ဘီ၊ စရဖ (စစ္ဖက္ေရးရာ
လံုၿခံဳေရးအဖြဲ႔)ႏွင့္ စသံုးလံုးတို႔ကို သက္ဆုိင္ရာ အထက္သို႔ သီးျခားစီအစီရင္ခံေစၿပီး
ေအာက္ေျခအဆင့္တြင္ မည္သည့္ သတင္းဖလွယ္မႈ၊ ပူးေပါင္းေဆာင္ရြက္မႈမွ မလုပ္ေဆာင္ေစဘဲ
ခြဲျခားအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္လ်က္ရွိသည္ဟု ရဲတပ္ဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ားက ေျပာဆိုသည္။
ထိုသို႔ခြဲျခားအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ရျခင္းမွာ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရး အဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ား ပူးေပါင္းမိလ်င္

စစ္တပ္ကို အာခံျခင္း နအဖ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ပိုင္းကို အံတုလာႏိုင္သည့္
အေရးကိုစိုးရိမ္ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ဟု ျမန္မာ့ႏိုင္ငံေရးေစာင့္ၾကည့္သူမ်ားက ေျပာဆိုသည္။
၂၀၀၄ခုႏွစ္ ေအာက္တိုဘာလ စစ္ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးမ်ားကို အျမစ္မွလွန္ကာ

ႏွိပ္ကြပ္ၿပီးေနာက္တြင္ နအဖ၏ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရး မ႑ိဳင္မွာ ယခင္ကေလာက္
အားေကာင္းျခင္းမရွိေတာ့ဘဲ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ ၃ေနရာတြင္ တၿပိဳင္နက္ထဲ ဗံုးကြဲမႈမ်ား၏
လက္သည္ကိုလည္း ယခုအခ်ိန္ထိ ေဖၚထုတ္ႏိုင္ျခင္းမရွိသည္ကို ေတြ႕ရသည္။

ျပည့္တန္ဆာတပိုင္း အနွိပ္ခန္းမ်ား ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕တြင္

မထင္မွတ္ေလာက္ေအာင္ မ်ားျပား
မိုးမခအေထာက္ေတာ္၊ ရန္ကုန္
ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၁၆၊ ၂၀၀၉
ရန္ကုန္ျမိဳ႕၏ ၿမိဳ႕လယ္ ၿမိဳ႕နယ္မ်ား အပါအ၀င္ လူေနရပ္ကြက္မ်ား၊ လူစည္ကားရာ
ရပ္ကြက္မ်ားအတြင္း တရားမ၀င္ဖြင့္လွစ္ထားသည့္ အႏွိပ္ခန္းမ်ား မထင္မွတ္ေလာက္ေအာင္
မ်ားျပားလ်က္ ရွိသည္ဟု ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ခံမ်ားက ေျပာဆိုသည္။ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕လယ္
ေက်ာက္တံတားၿမိဳ႕နယ္ တၿမိဳ႕နယ္ထဲတြင္ပင္ အႏွိပ္ခန္းႏွင့္ ျပည့္တန္ဆာ လုပ္ငန္းပါတြဲဖက္
လုပ္ကိုင္လ်က္ရွိသည့္ အိမ္ခန္းေပါင္း ၃၇ ခန္းရွိသည္ဟု ထိုၿမိဳ႕နယ္ထဲတြင္
အႏွိပ္ခန္းဖြင့္လွစ္ထားသူ တဦးက ေျပာဆိုသည္။
အဆိုပါ ဖြင့္လွစ္သူက အဆိုပါ ကိန္းဂဏန္းမွာ ေက်ာက္တံတားၿမိိဳ႕နယ္ မယက

(ၿမိဳ႕ရြာေအးခ်မ္းသာယာေရး ေကာင္စီ) ႏွင့္ ရဲစခန္းတို႔မွ ေျပာဆိုသည့္ ကိန္းဂဏန္းျဖစ္ၿပီး
ထိုအာဏာပိုင္တို႔က လစဥ္ အေကာက္အစား ရရွိေနသည့္ အတြက္ျပႆနာ
တစံုတရာမေပၚေပါက္လ်င္ ဖမ္းဆီးခံရျခင္းမရွိပဲ စီမံခ်က္ရွိမရွိ အစရွိသည့္ သတင္းအခ်က္
အလက္မ်ားကိုပင္ ရဲမ်ားက ဆိုင္ရွင္သို႔ အသိေပးၿပီး လုပ္ကိုင္ခြင့္ျပဳထားသည့္
သေဘာျဖစ္သည္ဟု ဆိုသည္။

ကားပြဲစားတန္းရွိရာ ေက်ာက္ေျမာင္းရပ္ သတိပဌါန္လမ္း တ၀ိုက္ ေျမညီထပ္၊
ပထမထပ္ႏွင့္ ဒုတိယထပ္မ်ားတြင္လည္း အႏွိပ္ခန္းႏွင့္ ျပည့္တန္ဆာခန္း မ်ားစြာရွိၿပီး
ေန႔ေရာညပါ လုပ္ကိုင္ေနၾကသည္ဟု သတိပဌါန္လမ္းမွ ကားပြဲစားတဦးကေျပာသည္။
“တေလာက အႏွိပ္ခန္းဆိုလို႔ တာေမြေစ်းနား လမ္းမေပၚက ၿဗဴတီပါလာဆိုင္းဘုတ္

တပ္ထားတဲ့ ဆိုင္တဆိုင္ကို တျခားကားပြဲစားေတြနဲ႔ လိုက္သြားတယ္။ ဟိုေရာက္ၿပီး ႏွိပ္မယ္ဆိုၿပီး
အႏွိပ္ခံတယ္။ ႏွိပ္တဲ့ မိန္းကေလးက ဦးရယ္ … ႏိွပ္မေနပါနဲ႔ေတာ့ တျခားသူေတြလို လုပ္ပါလို႔
ေျပာေတာ့၊ အေဖၚကားပြဲစားေတြက အသီးသီး သူ႔အခန္းသူ ၀င္ကုန္ၿပီး မိန္းကေလးေတြနဲ႔
ကိစၥကို လုပ္ေနၾကေတာ့ ကၽြန္ေတာ္လည္း ခပ္ရွက္ရွက္နဲ႔ ျပန္ဆင္းလာခဲ့ၿပီး
ေအာက္မွာဆင္းေစာင့္ေနရေတာ့တယ္”
ဟု အဆိုပါကားပြဲစားကေျပာသည္။
သူေနထိုင္ရာ ေက်ာက္ေျမာင္းလမ္းသြယ္ထဲတြင္လည္း အနီးအနားတ၀ိုက္

အထက္ပါကဲ့သို႔ေသာ အလွျပင္ခန္းအမည္ခံ အႏွိပ္ခန္းမ်ားစြာ ရွိသည္ကို ေနာက္ပိုင္းမွ
သတိျပဳမိလာသည္ဟုလည္း ထပ္ေလာင္း ေျပာဆိုသည္။
ေက်ာက္ေျမာင္းရပ္ေန အျခား စီးပြားေရး လုပ္ကိုင္သူ တဦးက
“ကၽြန္ေတာ္တို႔အေရွ႕ဘက္ ဗ်ိဳင္းေရအိုးစင္လမ္း တလမ္းထဲတင္ အႏွိပ္ခန္း ၁၀ခန္း

ေက်ာ္တယ္။ အဲဒီထဲက အႏွိပ္ခန္းတခန္းဆို အ၀င္၀မွာ ၿငဳပ္ဆံုနဲ႔ က်ည္ေပြ႕ကိုထားၿပီး
ဧည့္သည္မ်ားမ်ားလာေအာင္ နတ္ကိုးထားတာေတာင္ ေတြ႕ဖူးတယ္” ဟုေျပာသည္။
ထို႔အတူပင္ စမ္းေခ်ာင္းၿမိဳ႕နယ္ရွိ မဂၤလာလမ္း၊ ဆီဆံုလမ္း၊ စမ္းေခ်ာင္းလမ္းတို႔

တ၀ိုက္တြင္လည္း အႏွိပ္ခန္းမ်ား အမ်ားအျပားရွိၿပီး သာမန္ရပ္ကြက္တြင္ ေနထိုင္သူမ်ားအေနျဖင့္
ထိုျဗဴတီပါလာမ်ား မည့္သို႔ လုပ္ကိုင္ရပ္တည္ေနၾကသည္ကို ဂဃနဏ မသိၾက ဟု
စမ္းေခ်ာင္းတြင္ ေနထိုင္သူတဦးကဆိုသည္။
ထိုသို႔အႏွိပ္ခန္းမ်ား နွင့္ ျပည့္တန္ဆာလုပ္ငန္းကို တြဲဖက္လုပ္ကိုင္လာၾကျခင္းသည္

နယ္ေျမလံုၿခံဳေရး ႏွင့္ တရားဥပေဒ စိုးမိုးေရးကို တာ၀န္ယူထားသူ ရဲမ်ား ရ၀တ၊ မယက မ်ားက
အခေၾကးေငြေကာက္ခံၿပီး ခြင့္ျပဳထားျခင္းေၾကာင့္သာ လုပ္ကိုင္ႏိုင္ျခင္းျဖစ္ၿပီး
အျခားေသာစီးပြားေရး လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားလုပ္ကိုင္ရန္ အခြင့္အလမ္းနည္းပါးျခင္းေၾကာင့္လည္း
အႏွိပ္ခန္းလို ေငြရလြယ္သည့္ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားကို လုပ္ကိုင္သူမ်ားျပားလာျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္ဟု
ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ခံမ်ားက သံုးသပ္ေျပာဆိုၾကသည္။
လြန္ခဲ့သည့္ ၾသဂုတ္နွင့္ စက္တင္ဘာလတြင္ ျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့သည့္ ရန္ကုန္တိုင္းရဲမွဴးႀကီး၏

ဇနီးဖမ္းဆီးခံရျခင္း ကိစၥတြင္လည္း ရဲမွဴးႀကီးဇနီး ကိုယ္တုိင္ဖြင့္လွစ္ထားသည့္ ၿဗဴတီပါလာ
အႏိွပ္ခန္းတြင္ ျပႆနာ ျဖစ္သည့္ စစ္အရာရွိ ႏွစ္ဦးႏွုင့္ ပတ္သက္ေနခဲ့သည္။ ထိုေနာက္
ရန္ကုန္တုိင္း ရဲမွဴးႀကီးအသစ္ ခန္႔အပ္ခဲ့ကာ ၿဗဴတီပါလာ အမည္ခံ အႏွိပ္ခန္းမ်ားကို
ႏွိမ္ႏွင္းေတာ့မည့္ သတင္းမ်ား ထြက္ေပၚခဲ့သည္။
သို႔ရာတြင္ ထိုအျဖစ္ အပ်က္ၿပီးေနာက္ လပို္င္းအၾကာယခုအခ်ိန္ထိ အႏွိပ္ခန္းမ်ား

ဆက္လက္လုပ္ကိုင္ေနဆဲ ျဖစ္သည္ကိုေတြ႕ရွိရသည္။

အႏွိပ္ခန္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ေလာင္းကစားဒုိင္ကဲ့သို႔ေသာ တရားမ၀င္လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားမွာ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွ
ရဲမ်ားအတြက္ လစဥ္ေၾကးပံုမွန္ရရွိသည့္ ေနရာမ်ားျဖစ္သျဖင့္ အျမစ္ျပတ္ေအာင္ႏွိမ္ႏွင္းျခင္းထက္
အေကာက္အစားေကာက္ၿပီး မသိခ်င္ေယာင္ေဆာင္ထားသည္ကိုသာ ေတြ႕ျမင္ေနရသည္။
အဖဲြ႔ခ်ဳပ္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ပုိင္း
အေျပာင္းအလဲလုပ္မည္
ဓာတ္ပုံသတင္း
ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၁၆၊ ၂ဝဝ၉

http://moemaka.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5464&Itemid
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ ကန္ေတာ့လုိက္သည့္ လက္ေဆာင္ပစၥည္းျခင္းႏွင့္ အတူ ေတြ႔ရေသာ

အဖဲြ႔ခ်ဳပ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ တဦးျဖစ္သူ ဦးလြင္။ အာဏာပုိင္တုိ႔၏ စီစဥ္ေပးသျဖင့္ အဖဲြ႔ခ်ဳပ္ သက္ႀကီး
ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ၃ ဦးသည္ အထိန္းသိမ္းခံေနရသည့္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ႏွင့္ ယေန႔
ေတြ႔ဆုံႏုိင္ခ့ဲသည္။ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က သူတုိ႔ ၃ ဦးအား ကန္ေတာ့ၿပီး ဂါရဝ ျပဳခ့ဲသည္။
ပါတီ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ပုိင္း ျပန္လည္ ျပင္ဆင္ ဖဲြ႔စည္းေရးအတြက္လည္း ခြင့္ေတာင္းခ့ဲသည္ဟု
ဆုိသည္။ (ဓာတ္ပုံ - DPA)

အီၾကာေကြး ကြယ္လြန္
မုိးမခအေထာက္ေတာ္ အမွတ္ ဝ၁ဝ
ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၁၆၊ ၂ဝဝ၉
၂ဝဝ၈ ၾသဂုတ္လ ၁၂ ရက္ေန႔ထုတ္ သစၥာသတင္းဂ်ာနယ္တြင္ ေဖာ္ျပထားသည့္ အီၾကာေကြး၏

ဓာတ္ပုံ။ "ဘဘေခတ္တုန္းက စာေရးဆရာေတြက ပရိသတ္ေတြကို ဦးေဆာင္တယ္။
ဒီဘက္ေခတ္စာေရးဆရာေတြက ပရိသတ္ရဲ ႔ေနာက္လိုက္ျဖစ္သြားၿပီ။ စာေရးဆရာေတြက
ပရိသတ္ရဲ ႔ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ မျဖစ္ေတာ့ဘူး။ - - ပရိသတ္ အႀကိဳက္ ေလွ်ာက္ေရးၾကတာ မ်ားတယ္"
ဟု အီၾကာေကြးက သစၥာႏွင့္ အင္တာဗ်ဴးတြင္ ေျပာသည္။
အသက္ ၇၀ ေက်ာ္အရြယ္ ဟာသ စာေရးဆရာ အီၾကာေကြးသည္ ယမန္ေန႔က ရန္ကုန္တြင္
ကြယ္လြန္သြားသည္။
၁၉၃၈ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ေမြးဖြားသည့္ အီၾကာေကြး၏ အမည္ရင္းမွာ ဦးေက်ာ္ထြန္း ျဖစ္သည္။

ဓႏုျဖဴဇာတိ ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ စာေရးရာတြင္ ဓႏုျဖဴေက်ာ္ထြန္း ဟူေသာ ကေလာင္အမည္ကုိ
စတင္ ယူခ့ဲသည္။
ေနာက္ပုိင္းတြင္ အီၾကာေကြး ဟူေသာ ကေလာင္အမည္ျဖင့္ ဟာသ စာေပမ်ား ေရးသားခ့ဲသည္။

ဂ်ာနယ္ ႏွင့္ မဂၢဇင္းတုိ႔တြင္ ေဖာ္ျပခ့ဲၾကသည့္ အီၾကာဘယ္သုိ႔ ခ်စ္ရမယ္၊ ခြပ္လုိက္ၾကစုိ႔
သူငယ္ခ်င္း တုိ႔မွာ လူႀကိဳက္မ်ားေသာ သေရာ္စာမ်ား ျဖစ္သည္။ ကဗ်ာမ်ားကုိ ဓႏုျဖဴေက်ာ္ထြန္း
အမည္ျဖင့္ ေရးဖဲြ႔ခ့ဲသည္။
၁၉၅၄ ခုႏွစ္မွ စာမ်ား အဆက္မျပတ္ ေရးသားခ့ဲသူ စာေရးဆရာႀကီး ျဖစ္သည္။ လြန္ခ့ဲေသာ ၃

ႏွစ္ခန္႔ကပင္ အီၾကာေကြးသည္ ေသြးတုိး၊ ႏွလုံး စသည့္ ေဝဒနာမ်ားေၾကာင့္ ျပင္ပသုိ႔
သြားလာျခင္း မျပဳႏုိင္ဘဲ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕၊ ေတာင္ဥကၠလာပရိွ သူ၏ အိမ္တြင္သာ ေနထုိင္ခ့ဲသည္။
လုံးခ်င္းဝတၱဳ ၁၇ အုပ္ေရးခ့ဲသည္။ ေရႊမန္းသဘင္တြင္ ေရွ႕ပုိင္းျပဇာတ္ ဒါရုိက္တာ အျဖစ္

ပုတီးတလုံး ေဂ်ာက္ခနဲ၊ မ်က္လုံးမ်ားပင္ ျမင္ပါၿပီ၊ အဆိပ္ေတာက္မွ ျပန္ခ့ဲပါ ျပဇာတ္မ်ားကုိ စီစဥ္
တင္ဆက္ခ့ဲသည္။
အနယ္နယ္ အရပ္ရပ္သုိ႔ သြားေရာက္ၿပီး စာေပေဟာေျပာပဲြမ်ားတြင္ တက္ေရာက္

ေဟာေျပာခ့ဲသူျဖစ္သည္။ နာဂစ္မုန္တုိင္း တုိက္ခုိက္စဥ္က သူ၏ ေနအိမ္မွ သြပ္မုိးမ်ား
ဆုံးရႈံးခ့ဲရေၾကာင္း၊ အိမ္လည္း အနည္းငယ္ ပ်က္စီးသြားေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။ စားဝတ္ေနေရး ႏွင့္
က်န္းမာေရး စရိတ္ အခက္အခဲ ရိွသျဖင့္ သူသိမ္းဆည္း စုေဆာင္းထားသည့္ စာအုပ္မ်ားကုိ
ေရာင္းခ်မည္ဟု ေၾကညာခ့ဲဖူးသည္။
ဴပည့္တန္ဆာ အလုပ္ႎႀင့္
အသက္ေမၾးဝမ္းေဳကာင္းဴပႂသူ ပိုမို မဵားဴပားလာ
ရန္ကုန္ရႀိ ႓မိႂႚနယ္အခဵိႂႚမႀာ ဴပည့္တန္ဆာအလုပ္နဲႛ အသက္ေမၾးဝမ္းေဳကာင္းဴပႂသူေတၾ ပိုမို
မဵားဴပားလာလ႖က္ ရႀိပၝတယ္။ မာဆက္ - အႎိႀပ္ခန္းလိုႛ ေခၝင္းစဥ္တပ္ထားတဲ့ ဇိမ္ခန္းေတၾနဲႛ
လူစည္ကားရာ ေနရာေတၾမႀာ ေဖာက္သည္ရႀာ လုပ္ကိုင္ေနဳကပၝတယ္။
႓ပီးခဲ့တဲ့ ႎိုဝင္ဘာ ၃၀ ရက္ေနႛက ကဵေနာက္ခဲ့တဲ့ ကမာၲႛ ေအအိုင္ဒီအက္စ္ေနႛမႀာ ပီ႟ူးႎိုင္ငံ

ထ႟ိုကာဒီ႟ို ေဆာင္ဳကာ႓မိႂင္ (Trocadero brothel) ေရႀႚတၾင္ ေအ့စ္ ေရာဂၝအေဳကာင္း
အသိပညာေပး လႁံႛေဆာ္မႁ ဴပႂလုပ္ေနတဲ့ ဴပည့္တန္ဆာ တဦး။ (ဓာတ္ပံု - ႟ိုက္တာ)

ဒီဗီၾဘီ ၊ ၁၅ ၊ ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၊ ၂၀၀၉
လူေနထူထပ္ရာ ေကဵာက္တံတား၊ ပန္းဘဲတန္း၊ လသာ၊ လမ္းမေတာ္ စတဲ့

ရန္ကုန္႓မိႂႚတၾင္း ႓မိႂႚနယ္ေတၾမႀာ မာဆက္ - အႎိႀပ္ခန္း ေခၝင္းစဥ္တပ္ထားတဲ့ ဇိမ္းခန္းေတၾ
အရင္ကထက္ ပိုမို ဖၾင့္လႀစ္လာဳကတာပၝ။
ေစဵးႎႁန္းေတၾနဲႛ မာဆက္ အမဵားစု တည္ရႀိေနတဲ့ ေနရာေတၾကို ရန္ကုန္႓မိႂႚခံ

လူငယ္တဦးကို ေမးဳကည့္တဲ့ အခၝမႀာေတာ့ အခုလို ေဴပာဴပပၝတယ္။
"မာဆက္က ၃ ေထာင္ပဲ ေပးရတယ္။ တခဵိႂႚေနရာေတၾမႀာ ေစဵး႒ကီး႓ပီး

တခဵိႂႚေနရာေတၾကဵေတာ့လည္း ၅ ေထာင္၊ ၆ ေထာင္ တုိႛ ေပးရပၝတယ္။ ႓မိႂႚထဲမႀာ ေနရာတကာ
အကုန္လုံး ရႀိတယ္။ ဘားလမ္း၊ ပန္းဆုိးတန္းတုိႛ အဲဒီဘက္မႀာ အမဵားဆုံးပဲ။ လာသာ၊ (၂၁) လမ္း၊
(၂၂) လမ္းတိုႛ အဲဒၝမဵိႂး ရႀိတယ္"
အႎိႀပ္ခန္းေတၾမႀာ လာေရာက္ အလုပ္ လုပ္ကိုင္သူ အမဵားစုဟာ ဧရာဝတီတိုင္း၊ ပဲခူးတိုင္း၊

မၾန္ဴပည္နယ္၊ ကရင္ဴပည္နယ္၊ စတဲ့ နယ္ေတၾက အမဵားစု ဴဖစ္တယ္လိုႛလည္း သူက ေဴပာပၝတယ္။
အႎိႀပ္ခန္းေတၾမႀာ အလုပ္လုပ္ဖိုႛအတၾက္ အမဵိႂးသမီးငယ္ေတၾဟာ အိမ္ေဖာ္အလုပ္၊

စက္႟ံုအလုပ္၊ စတဲ့ အလုပ္ေတၾ လုပ္မယ္လိုႛ မိဘေတၾကို ေဴပာဳက႓ပီး လက္ေတၾႛမႀာေတာ့
ပၾဲစားေတၾနဲႛ ေစဵးညၟိႎိႁင္း႓ပီး လုပ္ခလစာ ေဴခာက္လစာ၊ တစ္ႎႀစ္စာ စသဴဖင့္ မိသားစုေတၾကို ေပး႓ပီး
အႎိႀပ္ခန္းေတၾမႀာ အလုပ္လုပ္ေနဳကတာလိုႛ ေအ့ခဵ္ ေရာဂၝ တိုက္ဖဵက္ေရး လူမႁေရး လုပ္ငန္း
လုပ္ေနသူ အခဵိႂႚက ေဴပာပၝတယ္။
အႎိႀပ္ခန္း ဖၾင့္လႀစ္ လုပ္ကိုင္သူေတၾဟာလည္း ရဲ အပၝအဝင္ မယက၊ ယရက စတဲ့

ေဒသခံ အာဏာပိုင္ အဖၾဲႛအစည္း အသီးသီးကို လာဘ္ေငၾေပး႓ပီး ဖၾင့္လႀစ္လုပ္
ကိုင္ေနဳကရပံုကိုလည္း အစိုးရ ဝန္ထမ္းတဦးက အခုလို ေဴပာပၝတယ္။
"ဒၝေတၾက သူႛဟာနဲႛသူေတာ့ သတ္မႀတ္ေဳကးေလးေတၾေတာ့ ရႀိတာေပၝ့။

တခဵိႂႚကဵေတာ့လည္း ပတ္သက္ရာ ပတ္သက္ေဳကာင္းေတၾနဲႛ လုပ္ထားဳကေတာ့လည္း ဘယ္သူမႀ
အေႎႀာင့္အယႀက္ မေပးဳကပၝဘူး။ အရာရႀိ အသိုင္းအဝိုင္းက တေယာက္ေယာက္ နာမည္ခံလုိက္၊
ေပၝင္းထားလုိက္ရင္ ႓ပီးသၾားပၝ႓ပီ။ ဘယ္သူနဲႛမႀ မပတ္သက္ရင္ေတာ့ ပိုက္ဆံေပး႓ပီး လုပ္ရတာေပၝ့"
ဴပည့္တန္ဆာ အလုပ္နဲႛ အသက္ေမၾးဝမ္းေဳကာင္း ဴပႂတာဟာ အရင္က အမဵိႂးသမီးေတၾသာ

အမဵားစု ဴဖစ္ေပမယ့္ ေနာက္ပိုင္းမႀာေတာ့ အမဵိႂးသားငယ္ အခဵိႂႚေတာင္ ဒီအလုပ္နဲႛ
အသက္ေမၾးဝမ္းေဳကာင္း ဴပႂတာေတၾ ရႀိလာေန႓ပီလိုႛ ေအ့ခဵ္ေရာဂၝ ကာကၾယ္တိုက္ဖဵက္ေရး
လူမႁေရး အဖၾဲႛအစည္း တခုက အမဵိႂးသမီး တဦးက ေဴပာပၝတယ္။
"ဟိုတုန္းကဆုိ ေကာင္မေလးေတၾ မဵားတယ္၊ ေကာင္ေလးေတၾဆို ဴမင္ဖုိႛ ခဲယဥ္းတယ္ေလ၊

ေကာင္ေလး Sex Worker (လိင္လုပ္သား) ဆုိလိုႛရႀိရင္ တအားသနားဖုိႛ ေကာင္းတယ္။
တံတားေပၞမႀာ ေကာင္ေလးေတၾလည္း ေပၞလာ႓ပီ။ သူတိုႛရဲႚ အဆက္အသၾယ္ေတၾကလည္း
အမဵား႒ကီး ဴဖစ္ေန႓ပီ။ ဒၝေပမဲ့ မဵားေသာအားဴဖင့္ အေဴခာက္မေတၾ လာေခၞတာပဲ မဵားတယ္။

အခုေလာေလာဆယ္ ဂုံးတံတားေတၾ ေပၞမႀာ ရႀိတယ္။ သူတုိႛ ေဴမေအာက္ အိမ္သာခန္းေတၾမႀာေပၝ့၊
အဲဒီလုိ ေနရာမဵိႂးမႀာ ရႀိေနတတ္တယ္"
ဴပည့္တန္ဆာ အလုပ္နဲႛ အသက္ေမၾးဝမ္းေဳကာင္း ဴပႂသူေတၾကို ရဲက ဖမ္းဆီး

အေရးယူေလ့ ရႀိေပမယ့္လည္း ဆတိုး ပၾားမဵားေနရပံုကုိလည္း သူက ဆက္ေဴပာပၝတယ္။
"ဖမ္းတာေတၾလည္း ရႀိေနတယ္၊ တေယာက္ဖမ္းရင္ ႎႀစ္ေယာက္ ေပၞလာတာပဲ၊

တခဵိႂႚဆိုရင္ အမက အဖမ္းခံထိလိုႛ အထဲေရာက္သၾားရင္ ညီမ ဴဖစ္သူက ဴပန္လုပ္ေက႗းေနတယ္။
႓ပီးတဲ့အခၝ ေအာက္ကရႀိတဲ့ ညီမေတၾကလည္း အမလုပ္ေနမႀန္း သိတဲ့အခၝကဵေတာ့
ဒီလမ္းေဳကာင္းကိုပဲ လိုက္႓ပီး ပိုက္ဆံရႀာ သူႛအမကိုလည္းပိုႛ အိမ္ကလူေတၾကိုလည္း
ေဴဖရႀင္းေပးေပၝ့။ ဒၝေတၾက အရင္က တကယ္ရႀိေနခဲ့ပၝတယ္။ အခုဆုိရင္လည္း ဒီဟာမဵိႂးေတၾကို
ေဴဖရႀင္းရမယ့္ လမ္းေဳကာင္းေတၾက ကေလးေတၾကို သင္စရာ မလိုေတာ့ဘူးေပၝ့၊ အဲလို
ဴဖစ္ေနဳကတယ္"
အမဵိႂးသမီးငယ္ေတၾေရာ အမဵိႂးသားငယ္ေတၾပၝ ဴပည့္တန္ဆာ အလုပ္နဲႛ

အသက္ေမၾးဝမ္းေဳကာင္း ဴပႂလာဳကတာဟာ တိုင္းဴပည္မႀာ ရင္ဆိုင္ ဳကံႂေတၾႛေနရတဲ့ အေထၾေထၾ
အကဵပ္အတည္းေတၾရဲႚ ေဘးထၾက္ ဆိုးကဵိႂးတရပ္ ဴဖစ္တယ္လိုႛလည္း ေအအိုင္ဒီအက္စ္ ေရာဂၝ
ကာကၾယ္ တိုက္ဖဵက္ေရး လူမႁေရး အဖၾဲႛအစည္း တခုက အမဵိႂးသမီးကပဲ အခုလို သံုးသပ္
ေဴပာဆိုပၝတယ္။
"အဲဒၝ အလုပ္မရႀိတာလည္း ပၝတယ္၊ ကုန္ေစဵးႎႁန္းေတၾက ဴမင့္လာတယ္၊ ဴမင့္လာတဲ့

အခၝကဵေတာ့ သူတုိႛမႀာ ဝင္ေငၾလည္း ပုံမႀန္ ရႀိမေနေတာ့ ရရာအလုပ္ေတၾကို လုပ္ေနဳကရတယ္။
အဓိက ပုံမႀန္ ဝင္ေငၾေလးေတၾ ရႀိမယ္ဆိုရင္ စက္႟ုံမႀာ လုပ္တဲ့ ကေလးေတၾဆုိ တလမႀ
ေလးေသာင္း ငၝးေသာင္းရတာ၊ ဘယ္လုိမႀ မဖူလံုႎိုင္ပၝဘူး"
အဴခား အစိုးရ အရာရႀိ႒ကီး တဦးကေတာ့ လက္ရႀိ အစိုးရအေနနဲႛ ဒီကိစၤရပ္ေတၾ အေပၞ

မသိကဵႂိးက႗န္ ဴပႂထားတယ္လိုႛ ေဴပာပၝတယ္။
"ဒီအစိုးရပိုင္းကေတာ့ အခၾင့္အလမ္း မရႀိဘူး၊ ေဆးထိုးေပးတာလည္း မရႀိဘူး၊ သူတုိႛ

မႀတ္ပုံတင္ကဒ္ဴပား လုပ္ေပးတာလည္း မရႀိဘူး၊ သူတိုႛက ဴပည့္တန္ဆာလည္း မရႀိဘူး ဆုိတဲ့ ပံုစံမဵႂိး
ေဴပာခဵင္တာေပၝ့။ အခုမဵားမဵား ေသသၾားရင္ နဲနဲေဴပာရတာ နားေအးမယ္၊ ဒီလုိပဲ စဥ္းစားမႀာပဲ"
ကုလသမဂၢ ေအအိုင္ဒီအက္စ္ ကာကၾယ္ တိုက္ဖဵက္ေရး႟ံုး ယူအန္ေအ့စ္ အဖၾဲႛက

ထုတ္ဴပန္တဲ့ ၂၀၀၈ အစီရင္ခံစာထဲမႀာေတာ့ ဴမန္မာဴပည္က ဴပည့္တန္ဆာေတၾနဲႛ လိင္တူခဵင္း
ဆက္ဆံသူေတၾ အေပၞ စစ္တမ္း ေကာက္ယူႎိုင္ဴခင္း မရႀိေသးလိုႛ အိပ္ခဵ္အိုင္ဗီၾ ေရာဂၝနဲႛ
ပတ္သက္႓ပီး ပညာေပးမႁေတၾလည္း ဴမန္မာႎိုင္ငံမႀာ အထူး လိုအပ္ေနေသးတယ္လိုႛ
ေဖာ္ဴပထားပၝတယ္။

Myanmar activists, resident in Japan, hold portraits of Myanmar democracy leader Aung
San Suu Kyi in Tokyo

High-ranking officers from the Myanmar military watch an armed forces parade in the
administrative capital of Naypyidaw

Myanmar's Suu Kyi in rare talks with

party elders
By Hla Hla Htay (AFP) – 16.12.2009
YANGON — Myanmar's junta allowed detained opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi to
meet with three elderly senior members of her party Wednesday in a rare concession by the
military regime.
The democracy icon was taken to a state guesthouse in Yangon for the talks with 92-year-
old party chairman Aung Shwe, secretary Lwin, 85, and executive committee member Lun
Tin, 89, all of whom are in poor health.
"The authorities allowed us to meet Aung San Suu Kyi privately at the guesthouse. She paid
her respects to us and gave presents and fruit baskets," said Lwin after the meeting, which
lasted about 45 minutes.
"I had not met her since 2003," he told reporters.
"Aung San Suu Kyi asked us to allow her to reorganise the central executive committee. We
accepted her request," he added. Most of the party's current 11-member committee are very
old.
In a letter to Myanmar's military strongman Than Shwe last month, Suu Kyi requested she
be allowed to visit the three men.
"Daw Suu accepted the authorities' suggestion to meet them all in one place for security
reasons," her lawyer and NLD spokesman Nyan Win told reporters on Tuesday. Daw is a
term of respect in Myanmar.
The visit followed a meeting between Suu Kyi and junta liaison officer Aung Kyi last
Wednesday -- their third since the beginning of October -- where they discussed her letter to
Than Shwe, Nyan Win said.
In the correspondence, she also asked to meet with the junta chief himself and said she
wanted to cooperate with the government to get sanctions against Myanmar lifted for the
benefit of the country.
"Daw Suu is also expecting the rest of her requests to be fulfilled. She's optimistic about her
letter," Nyan Win said.
Suu Kyi has been locked up for 14 of the past 20 years and was ordered in August to spend
another 18 months in detention after being convicted over an incident in which an American
man swam to her house.
The country's supreme court has agreed to hear a final appeal against the 64-year-old's
house arrest next Monday, after a lower court rejected an initial appeal in October.
The extension of her detention after a trial at Yangon's notorious Insein Prison sparked
international outrage as it effectively keeps her off the stage for elections promised by the
regime some time in 2010.

If the polls go ahead they will be the first since 1990, when the junta refused to recognise
the NLD's landslide victory.
In another letter to Than Shwe in September, Suu Kyi offered suggestions for getting
Western sanctions lifted and requested a meeting with senior Western diplomats in Yangon,
which she was also granted.
In recent months the United States, followed by the European Union, has shifted towards a
policy of greater engagement with Myanmar -- which has been under military rule since
1962 -- with sanctions failing to bear fruit.
In November the regime allowed Suu Kyi to make a rare appearance in front of the media
after she held talks with US Assistant Secretary of State Kurt Campbell, the most senior US
official to visit Myanmar in 14 years.
Despite an apparent shift in relations between Suu Kyi and the junta, state media last week
accused her of being "insincere" and "dishonest" in sending letters to Than Shwe and
accused her of leaking them to foreign media.
The New Light of Myanmar newspaper said her change of tack after years of favouring
sanctions was "highly questionable".
Myanmar opposition leader meets

party elders
(AP) – 16.12.2009
YANGON, Myanmar — Myanmar's detained opposition leader was allowed out of her
home Wednesday to meet three ailing elders of her political party, with whom she discussed
a reorganization of its leadership.
Reporters were not allowed to observe the meeting, but witnessed cars driving both Aung
San Suu Kyi, who is under house arrest, and her National League for Democracy colleagues
to a state guest house usually used for meetings with the detained opposition leader.
Nobel Peace Prize laureate Suu Kyi, 64, met for about 45 minutes with party chairman
Aung Shwe, 91, Secretary U Lwin, 86, and Lun Tin, 88. Suu Kyi was last allowed to meet
with her party's leadership at a state guest house in January 2008.
U Lwin told reporters afterward that Suu Kyi told them she wanted to reorganize the party's
Central Executive Committee and needed their permission to do so.
He said that they agreed to the proposal and told her that they would continue "to support
and stand for the party."
Myanmar's military government has said it will hold a general election year, but has not yet
set an exact date or passed the necessary laws. Suu Kyi's party won the last election in 1990,
but the military refused to allow it to take power.
The constitution adopted last year that set up next year's polls was considered undemocratic
by the NLD, and it has not yet committed to taking part. The constitution has clauses that

would ensure that the military remains the controlling power in government, and would bar
Suu Kyi from holding office.
U Lwin said Suu Kyi paid her respects in a traditional manner to the elders, kneeling in
front of them, and gave them gifts of baskets containing fruit and nutritional drinks and
medicine.
He said Suu Kyi was happy to see them and they felt the same way.
"We haven't seen her for a long time. She looks a bit thinner," said U Lwin.
The meeting came more than a month after Suu Kyi sent a letter to junta chief Senior Gen.
Than Shwe. In it, she sought permission to meet several elderly colleagues, and separately
with other members of her party's central executive committee. She also requested a
meeting with the junta chief to discuss how they can cooperate for the national interest.
The government's liaison with Suu Kyi, Relations Minister Aung Kyi, informed her last
week that she would be allowed to meet the elderly party leaders, though not where she
requested — at their homes — but at a place arranged by authorities.
Suu Kyi's legal team will present their arguments at the Supreme Court next Monday
appealing against this year's extension of her house arrest. She has been detained for about
14 of the past 20 years.
Sino-Myanmar bilateral ties, co-op

deepening: Chinese ambassador
www.chinaview.cn 2009-12-17 10:57:59 Print
by Zhang Yunfei
YANGON, Dec. 17 (Xinhua) -- The neighborly and friendly ties of China and
Myanmar continue to develop with concrete cooperation deepening in every
sector, thanks to the joint efforts by the two countries, said Chinese Ambassador
to Myanmar Ye Dabo on Thursday.
Telling Xinhua in an exclusive interview as Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping

is about to pay an official visit to Myanmar, Ye noted that for nearly six decades
since the establishment of the diplomatic relations between China and Myanmar,
the two countries have dealt with each other with mutual respect, equality,
mutual trust and sincere cooperation.
The two sides have enhanced mutual understanding, supported each other on
major issues of common concern, closely coordinated over international and
regional affairs and experienced the test of change in international climate with

regard to the two countries' bilateral ties, he said.
Since entering into the new century, under the joint efforts of the two
countries, the Sino-Myanmar neighborly, friendly and cooperative ties have
continued to develop with frequent exchange of visits at high level, Ye said,
adding that the exchange and cooperation in sectors such as culture, education
and religion as well as combating of transnational crimes have been further
enhanced.
Touching on the economic and trade cooperation, Ye said China stands as

Myanmar's fourth largest foreign investor with a total investment of 1.331 billion
U.S. dollars and a bilateral trade volume of 2.6 billion dollars last year.
The cooperation of the two sides in the sectors of hydropower, oil and gas,
road and rail transport, communications, agriculture and mining has seen
continuous expansion.
On Oct. 31 this year, a cornerstone was laid to build a crude oil port of the
China-Myanmar crude oil pipeline project on in Maday island in Kyaukphyu,
Myanmar's Rakhine state, which is of great significance in further enhancing the
two countries' economic and trade cooperation, pushing the economic
development of areas along which the project lies and improving the regional
people's living standard, he said.
The 790-megawatt Yeywa hydropower plant, contracted and built by China, is

nearing completion to generate electricity, he said. The construction of the
International Convention Center in Nay PyiTaw, with aid given gratis by the
Chinese government, is also emerging soon.
Ye also recalled that for the past long period, leaders of the two countries
have always maintained frequent reciprocal visits. In 2000, Vice Chairman of
Myanmar State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), Vice Senior-General
Maung Aye and then Chinese Vice President Hu Jintao exchanged visits, inking
a joint statement on the framework covering future bilateral cooperation.
In 2001 and 2003, then Chinese President Jiang Zemin and Myanmar SPDC
Chairman Senior-General Than Shwe also exchanged visits.
This year, Li Changchun, member of the Standing Committee of the Political

Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, visited Myanmar,
while Myanmar Prime Minister General Thein Sein attended the "Boao Forum for
Asia" in China's Hainan province. Vice Senior-General Maung Aye also visited
China, and Myanmar SPDC First Secretary General Thiha Thura Tin Aung Myint
Ooattended the China-ASEAN Expo and the inauguration of Myanmar
Consulate-General in Nanning, capital of south China's Guangxi Zhuang
Autonomous Region.
On the sideline of the recent series of East Asia Summits, leaders of the two
countries met again and had broad and in-depth exchange of views over the
Sino-Myanmar bilateral ties and international and regional issues of common
concern.
Ye disclosed that at the invitation of Myanmar SPDC Vice Chairman Maung

Aye, Vice President Xi is to pay an official visit to Myanmar on Dec. 19-20,
saying that it is another major event of Sino-Myanmar relations and both sides
highly appreciate the visit, putting hope on the outcome of the trip.
During the visit, Vice President Xi will meet Myanmar leadership such as
Chairman Than Shwe and Vice Chairman Maung Aye. They will exchange views
on further developing Sino-Myanmar neighborly, friendly and cooperative ties.
Besides, the two sides will also sign a series of cooperative agreements, he
revealed.
He believes that Xi's visit will score fruitful achievement.
Ambassador Ye stressed that the Chinese government attaches importance to

developing neighborly and friendly relations with Myanmar as part of its foreign
policy of living on good terms and making partners with neighboring countries.
Based on the policy, China would like to actively push concrete cooperation in
every sector to realize common development.
He also emphasized that Xi's Myanmar visit, which comes amid the deep
evolution of international situation, impact of international financial crisis on each
country and on the eve of the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the
diplomatic relations between China and Myanmar, is bound to generate positive,
far-reaching and major influence on the bilateral ties under new situation and it
will push the bilateral ties towards a long and stable neighborly, friendly and
cooperative ones with new vigor.
Editor: Li Xianzhi

December 17, 2009
Burmese Dissident Meets With Party

By MARK McDONALD
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/17/world/asia/17myanmar.html?_r=
1&pagewanted=print
HONG KONG — The military junta in Myanmar allowed the opposition

leader, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, to meet with senior members of her party
on Wednesday, the latest in a recent series of signals that suggest the junta
might be responding to diplomatic overtures from the West.
A Western diplomat in the main city of Yangon, who spoke on the

condition of anonymity, said Mrs. Aung San Suu Kyi was permitted to
leave her home under military guard to meet with three elderly leaders of
her National League for Democracy. She has been under house arrest for
14 of the past 20 years.
The meeting took place at a state guesthouse in Yangon, formerly
Rangoon. She had not been permitted to confer with her party colleagues
in nearly a year.
Mrs. Aung San Suu Kyi, the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, had
requested the meeting in a letter to the leader of the junta, Senior Gen.
Than Shwe. She also requested a meeting with the general himself.
Despite her continuing detention, Mrs. Aung San Suu Kyi has been able to
meet in recent months with a number of visiting diplomats, including a
high-level delegation from the United States led by Kurt M. Campbell, an
assistant secretary of state, and his deputy, Scot Marciel.
Earlier this year, the Obama administration undertook a review of
American policy toward Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, and
decided to seek a new approach, including direct talks with the junta.
“A policy of pragmatic engagement with the Burmese authorities holds the
best hope for advancing our goals,” Mr. Campbell said in testimony before
the House Committee on Foreign Affairs in October. “A central element of

this approach is a direct, senior-level dialogue with representatives of the

Burmese leadership.”
But Mr. Campbell said a wide array of sanctions against Myanmar would
not be immediately relaxed, and improved bilateral relations depended on
the government’s making “real progress on democracy and human rights,”
a demand reiterated by President Obama at a regional summit meeting
last month in Singapore.
While in Singapore, Mr. Obama sat in a meeting near the prime minister
of Myanmar, Gen. Thein Sein — the first time an American president had
met with a member of the military junta.
Mrs. Aung San Suu Kyi met for 45 minutes on Wednesday with the
National League for Democracy chairman, Aung Shwe, 92; the party
secretary, U Lwin, 87; and another senior official, Lun Tin. The elderly
leaders of the party are known collectively in diplomatic circles in Yangon
as “the uncles.”
Their meeting, which U Lwin discussed with reporters afterward, took
place less than a week before the highest court in Myanmar was scheduled
to begin considering an appeal of the 18-month extension of Mrs. Aung
San Suu Kyi’s longstanding house arrest. That extension, which was
handed down in August, came after an American man swam to her
lakeside home in May, evaded military guards and briefly stayed at the
house — a breach of the terms of her detention.
One of her lawyers, Kyi Win, said this month that the hearing would most
likely be a procedural affair. But a successful appeal and a lifting of her
detention could allow Mrs. Aung San Suu Kyi to play a role in national
elections that the junta has vowed to hold next year.
Analysts and diplomats say the country’s new Constitution virtually
ensures the continuing dominance of the military in the political life of the
country, despite the election. Mrs. Aung San Suu Kyi would likely be
barred from running for office because her husband, who died in 1999,
was a foreigner.
Her party won a landslide victory in national elections in 1990, and she
was elected prime minister. The election results were annulled by the
junta, which has continued to govern ever since.
FACTBOX-Five facts about China-

Myanmar relations
Wed Dec 16, 2009 3:16am GMT
http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTOE5BF01T20091216
(For a story on Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping's visit to Myanmar please

see [ID:nTOE5B90BC])
Dec 16 (Reuters) - Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping, seen as frontrunner to

succeed President Hu Jintao, arrives in Myanmar on Saturday for a two-day
visit and is expected to meet the regime's reclusive top leader.
Here are five facts about relations between the two countries:
* Burma, as the country was then known, was one of the first countries to
recognise the People's Republic of China in 1949. But relations soured in the
1960s following anti-Chinese riots in Rangoon (now called Yangon).
* Following a crackdown on pro-democracy protestors across the country in

1988, the West imposed broad sanctions on Myanmar. China stepped into
the void, providing aid and weapons and ramping up trade. China has
continued to provide broad diplomatic support for Myanmar's military
government.
* China has invested more than $1 billion in Myanmar, primarily in the mining
sector, and is the country's fourth largest foreign investor, state media say.
Bilateral trade grew more than one-quarter last year to about $2.63 billion.
Chinese firms are also heavily involved in logging in Myanmar.
* Myanmar gives China access to the Indian Ocean, not only for imports of
oil and gas and exports from landlocked southwestern Chinese provinces,
but also potentially for military bases or listening posts.
In October, China's CNPC started building a crude oil port in Myanmar, part
of a pipeline project aimed at cutting out the long detour oil cargoes take
through the congested and strategically vulnerable Malacca Strait.
[ID:nPEK34572]
* The friendship has had rocky patches. In August, refugees flooded across
into China following fighting on the Myanmar side of the border, angering
Beijing.
Myanmar rebels grow more opium to

buy arms - report
Mon Dec 14, 2009 6:06am GMT
http://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFTRE5BD0MY20091214
BANGKOK (Reuters) - Ethnic groups in northeastern Myanmar have stepped

up opium cultivation to buy weapons to defend themselves against possible
attacks by the country's military, a United Nations report said on Monday.
Opium production increased for the third successive year and rose by 11
percent this year, with Shan State providing 95 percent of the poppy in
Myanmar, the world's second-biggest opium producer after Afghanistan,
according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
"Increased instability in northeastern Myanmar is affecting the opium market.

(Some ethnic groups) ... are selling drugs to buy weapons, and moving
stocks to avoid detection," said UNODC Executive Director Antonio Maria
Costa.
Myanmar's army has maintained a sizable presence over the past few
months in Shan State, where rebel militias are braced for an offensive that
analysts said could turn into a protracted conflict, creating a refugee crisis for
neighbouring China.
The junta wants ethnic groups to take part in a general election next year
and has told local militias to disarm and join a government-run border patrol
force or be wiped out, according to activists in Shan State.
The military overwhelmed and disarmed the Kokang group, the weakest of
the ethnic armies, in August after several days of fighting. That triggered an
exodus of more than 37,000 refugees across the border and strained ties
with China, its only real diplomatic ally.
The United Wa State Army, a 20,000-strong ethnic Chinese militia labelled a

narcotics cartel by the United States, has refused to disarm and is preparing
for an imminent attack, media reports and activists say.
UNODC said the amount of land dedicated to growing opium -- a thick paste
from poppy used to make heroin -- had increased by 50 percent since 2006
to 31,700 hectares in Myanmar.
Despite the rise in cultivation, the report said the potential value of opium
production in Myanmar had fallen by 15 percent to $104 million (64 million
pounds) in 2009 from $123 million.
In neighbouring Laos, opium cultivation had increased by 19 percent but the

total remained low at 1,900 hectares.

However, with opium fetching $1,326 per kg, the price was still attractive for
farmers at a time when the value of other crops was falling, the report said.
(Reporting by Martin Petty; Editing by Alan Raybould)
ယခုႏွစ္ လွ်ပ္တျပက္ နာမည္ႀကီးသူ

ဆယ္ဦးတြင္ ယက္ေထာ ပါဝင္
THURSDAY, 17 DECEMBER 2009 13:04 ဧရာဝတီ
ကမၻာေက်ာ္ တုိင္းမ္ (TIME) မဂၢဇင္းက ယခုႏွစ္အတြက္ ေရြးခ်ယ္လုိက္သည့္ “လွ်ပ္တျပက္
နာမည္ႀကီးသူ” ဆယ္ဦးတြင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္၏ ၿခံသုိ႔ လွ်ဳိ႕ဝွက္ သြားေရာက္ခ့ဲသူ မစၥတာ
ဂြ်န္ ဝီလ်ံ ယက္ေထာ
ပါဝင္ေနသည္။
အင္းလ်ားကန္ ေရကူးသမား
ဂြ်န္ ဝီလ်ံ ယက္ေထာ (ဓာတ္ပုံ
- AFP)
ယခုႏွစ္ ေမလက မစၥတာ

ယက္ေထာ ထုိသုိ႔ စြန္႔စား
သြားေရာက္ခ့ဲျခင္း ႏွင့္
ေနာက္ဆက္တဲြ
သတင္းမ်ားကုိ ႏုိင္ငံတကာ
စာနယ္ဇင္းမ်ားတြင္
ေဖာ္ျပခ့ဲၾကသည္။
“ဖိတ္ေခၚထားျခင္းမရိွသည့္ သူ႔ကုိ ေနအိမ္တြင္ ရက္အနည္းငယ္ ေနထုိင္ခြင့္ျပဳခ့ဲသျဖင့္

ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္သည္ ေနအိမ္အက်ယ္ခ်ဳပ္ သက္တမ္း ၁၈ လ ထပ္မံ
တုိးျမွင့္ခံလုိက္ရသည္” ဟု တုိင္းမ္မဂၢဇင္းက ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၈ ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ေရးသားထားသည္။
ထုိျဖစ္ရပ္ေၾကာင့္ မစၥတာ ယက္ေထာသည္ “ႏုိင္ငံတကာက ဝုိင္းဝန္း အထင္ေသးၾကသည့္၊

ထင္ေၾကးေပး သုံးသပ္ၾကသည့္ ပုဂၢဳိလ္တဦး” ျဖစ္လာသည္ဟု မဂၢဇင္းက ဆုိသည္။
အာဏာပုိင္တုိ႔က တားျမစ္နယ္ေျမသုိ႔ သြားေရာက္ခ့ဲေသာ သူ႔ကုိ ေထာင္ဒဏ္ ၇ ႏွစ္

ခ်မွတ္လုိက္သည္။ ၃ လၾကာ ထိန္းသိမ္းခံရအၿပီးတြင္ မစၥတာ ယက္ေထာ ျပန္လည္
လြတ္ေျမာက္သြားသည္။ ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီးမ်ားက ေနျပည္ေတာ္သုိ႔ လာေရာက္ခ့ဲေသာ အထက္
လႊတ္ေတာ္ အမတ္ မစၥတာ ဂ်င္မ္ ဝက္ဘ္၏ အျပန္ခရီးတြင္ မစၥတာ ယက္ေထာကုိ
ထည့္ေပးလုိက္ျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။

“သူက ကူညီဖုိ႔ ႀကဳိးစားခ့ဲတာပါ။ သူက ေကာက္က်စ္ စဥ္းလဲတ့ဲပုဂၢဳိလ္ေတာ့ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး” ဟု
အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္အမတ္က မစၥတာ ယက္ေထာ၏ “ေနာင္တရဖြယ္” စြန္႔စားမႈကုိ ကာကြယ္
ေျပာၾကားခ့ဲသည္။
အေမရိကန္ျပည္ေထာင္စုသုိ႔ ျပန္ေရာက္သြားသည့္ မစၥတာ ယက္ေထာသည္

သတင္းေထာက္မ်ားႏွင့္ ေတြ႔ဆုံရာတြင္ “(ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ရဲ႕) အသက္ကုိ
ကယ္ဖုိ႔အတြက္ က်ေနာ္ အႀကိမ္ ၁ဝဝ ထပ္ၿပီး စြန္႔စားပါဦးမယ္” ဟု ေျပာလုိက္သည္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ လုပ္ႀကံခံရဖြယ္ရိွသည္ဟု သူ၏ အာရုံတြင္ ေပၚလာသျဖင့္ ကူညီ

ကယ္တင္ရန္ ႀကိဳးပမ္းခ့ဲျခင္းျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း မစၥတာ ယက္ေထာက တရားရုံးတြင္ အမႈရင္ဆုိင္ရစဥ္
ကာလအတြင္း ထြက္ဆုိခ့ဲသည္။
အေမရိကန္ျပည္ေထာင္စု အေျခစုိက္ တုိင္းမ္ မဂၢဇင္းက ယခုႏွစ္အတြက္ ေရြးခ်ယ္လုိက္သည့္

“လွ်ပ္တျပက္နာမည္ႀကီးသူ” ဆယ္ဦးတြင္ အဆုိေတာ္ မုိက္ကယ္ဂ်က္ဆင္၏ သံသယျဖစ္ဖြယ္
ေသဆုံးမႈႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္ေနသည့္ ဆရာဝန္ မစၥတာ ကြန္ရက္ မာေရ လည္း ပါဝင္သည္။ ထုိ႔အျပင္
မၾကာေသးမီက ျပဳလုပ္ခ့ဲသည့္ သမၼတ အုိဘားမား၏ ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္ အဆင့္ ညစာစားပဲြႀကီးသုိ႔
မဖိတ္ေခၚဘဲ သြားေရာက္ႏုိင္ခ့ဲသူ ဗာဂ်ီးနီးယားျပည္နယ္မွ မစၥတာ ထာရိခ္ ႏွင့္ မစၥ
မီရဲွလ္ဆာလာဟီတုိ႔ ဇနီးေမာင္ႏွံလည္း ပါဝင္သည္။
UNODC ေျပာသည့္
‘ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံဘိန္းထြက္ႏႈန္း ၂ ဆတိုး’
နအဖထိန္းခ်ဳပ္နယ္ေျမျဖစ္
ၾကာသပေတးေန႕၊ 17 ဒီဇင္ဘာလ 2009 သွ်မ္းသံေတာ္ဆင့္
ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၁၄ ရက္ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံဘန္ေကာက္ၿမိဳ႕UNODC ၏ သတင္းစာ႐ွင္းလင္းပြဲမွ
‘ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံဘိန္းထြက္ႏႈန္း ၂ ဆတိုး’ ေၾကာင္း ထုတ္ျပန္ေျပာဆိုရာ
သွ်မ္းျပည္မူးယစ္ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေလ့လာေရးအဖြဲ႕က အဆိုပါဘိန္းထြက္ေဒသသည္ နအဖ
ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္နယ္ေျမျဖစ္သည္ဟု ေျပာဆိုလိုက္ပါသည္။
“၀ ကိုယ္ပိုင္အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ခြင့္ရ ေဒသတိုင္းထဲထည့္ထားတဲ့ သံလြင္အေ႐ွ႕ျခမ္း မက္မန္းၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ဆုိရင္

ေလာေလာဆယ္မွာေတာ့ စစ္အစိုးရထိန္းခ်ဳပ္နယ္ေျမဘဲ။ အဲဒီေဒသေတြမွာအထြက္မ်ားတာ
နအဖက စိုက္ခြင့္ျပဳထားတာကုိး။ မိုင္းဆတ္၊ မိုင္းတံုၿမိဳ႕ နယ္ဘက္ေရာဘဲ စစ္အစိုးရ
ေက်ာေထာက္ေနာက္ခံျပဳတဲ့ ျပည္သူ႕စစ္အဖြဲ႕ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္တဲ့နယ္ေျမေတြမွာသာစိုက္တာ” - ဟု
ျပည္တြင္းေန သွ်မ္းျပည္မူးယစ္ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေလ့လာသူ တဦးက ေျပာပါသည္။
UNODC ၏အစီရင္ခံစာတြင္ ၂၀၀၉ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ ဘိန္းစိုက္ဧက ဟက္တာ ၃၂၀၀၀

ခန္႕႐ွိလာသည့္အတြက္ ယခင္ႏွစ္ထက္ ၁၁ ရာခိုင္ႏႈန္း တိုးတက္လာေၾကာင္း၊ ၂၀၀၆
ဘိန္းစိုက္ရာသီႏွင့္ ႏႈိင္းယွဥ္လွ်င္ ၅၀ ရာခိုင္ႏႈန္း ျမင့္တက္လာေၾကာင္းေဖၚျပ ထားပါသည္။
သွ်မ္းျပည္ထြက္ ဘိန္းမည္း
ထို႕အျပင္ နအဖ ထုိးစစ္ဆင္တုိက္ခုိက္လာပါက ခုခံကာကြယ္ဖုိ႕ ၀

ျပည္ေသြးစည္းေရးတပ္မေတာ္ လက္နက္၀ယ္ရန္ မူးယစ္ေဆး
ပိုမိုထုတ္ေရာင္းလာသည္ဟုလည္းေဖၚျပထားပါသည္။
“အထူးေဒသ နယ္ေျမေတြထဲမွာ ဘိန္းစိုက္ပ်ဳိးမႈေတာ့လံုး၀ မ႐ွိေတာ့ဘူး။ မစၥတာ

ဂယ္ရီလူး၀စ္စ္ကိုယ္တိုင္ အဲကိစၥလက္ခံ တယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ သူတို႕မစိုက္ေတာ့ဘူးဆိုေပမယ့္
အျခားေဒသကေန ဓါတုေဆးေတြ၀ယ္လာၿပီးခ်က္လုပ္တယ္။ နအဖ လက္ေအာက္ခံ
ျပည္သူ႕စစ္ေတြက သယ္ယူပို႕ေဆာင္ေရးတာ၀န္၊ စစ္အစိုးရကေနတဆင့္ သြယ္၀ိုက္ၿပီး
လံုၿခံဳေရးယူေပး တာ ေတြရွိတယ္။ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ ဘာလုပ္ငန္းမဆို နအဖ နဲ႕
ကင္းတယ္ဆိုတာမ႐ွိဘူး။”
မူးယစ္ေဆး၀ါးထုတ္လုပ္ေရာင္းခ်ေရးလုပ္ငန္းဟူသည္မွာ ထုတ္လုပ္သူကိုယ္တိုင္
သယ္ယူပို႕ေဆာင္ေရာင္း၀ယ္ျခင္း ထံုးစံမ႐ွိေၾကာင္း ၀ယ္ယူမည့္သူကိုယ္တိုင္သာလွ်င္
ထုတ္လုပ္သည့္နယ္ေျမတြင္း သြားေရာက္သယ္ယူရေၾကာင္း အဆို ပါပုဂၢိဳလ္က
ဆက္ေျပာျပပါသည္။
“ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံထဲ၀င္တဲ့ ဟီး႐ုိးအင္းေတြက စစ္အစိုးရလူျဖစ္တဲ့ ျပည္သူ႕စစ္တပ္ဖြဲ႕ရဲ႕

ပစၥည္းေတြမ်ားတယ္။ ၀ ပစၥည္းေတာ္ ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားက ေလာႏိုင္ငံဘက္ျဖတ္တာမ်ားတယ္” - ဟု
မူးယစ္ကုန္သည္အသိုင္းအ၀ိုင္းက ေျပာပါသည္။
ျပည္သူ႕စစ္တပ္ဖြဲ႕ထုတ္လုပ္သည့္ ဟီး႐ုိးအင္းက မက်ဳိင္း (သွ်မ္းျပည္ေတာင္ပုိင္း နမ့္ဇန္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္)

အဖြဲ႕ထုတ္လုပ္သည့္ ပစၥည္းမွာ အေကာင္းဆံုးေၾကာင္း၊ “ဘာျဖစ္လို႕လဲဆိုေတာ့ ေလာဘက္မွာ
ရာ ကီလိုနဲ႕ခ်ီၿပီး ေရာင္း၀ယ္မႈ႐ွိတယ္။ ထိုင္းဘက္ က ဆို ဆယ္ကီလိုခ်ီၿပီး
ေရာင္း၀ယ္ဒါသိပ္မ႐ွိဘူး” - ဟု အဆိုပါ ကုန္သည္က သွ်မ္းသံေတာ္ဆင့္သို႕ဆက္ေျပာ၏။
၂၀၀၄ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီးခင္ၫြန္႕ရာထူးမွ ဖယ္႐ွားခံရသည့္ေနာက္ပိုင္း အပစ္ရပ္ထက္

ျပည္သူ႕စစ္တပ္ဖြဲ႕က အခြင့္ထူးပိုရလာ ေၾကာင္း၊ “ ျပည္သူ႕စစ္ဆိုရင္ နအဖရဲ႕လူ၊ အပစ္ရပ္ဆိုရင္
သူတို႕ရဲ႕ အနီးကပ္ရန္သူ၊ တိုက္ပြဲမႏြဲေသးဘဲ အပစ္ရပ္ထား တာဘဲ႐ွိတယ္” ဟု
မွတ္ယူထားေၾကာင္း သွ်မ္းျပည္ မူးယစ္ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေလ့လာေရးအဖြဲ႕၏ ၂၀၀၆ ထုတ္ Hand in
Glove အစီရင္ခံစာတြင္ ပါ႐ွိသည္။
Never mind China, junta continues

pressure on ceasefire armies
THURSDAY, 17 DECEMBER 2009 15:20 S.H.A.N.
Two ceasefire groups, since their acceptance “in principle” of the paramilitary status
under the Burma Army’s supervision, are under pressure to submit their lists of
strength and weapons.
The Shan State Army (SSA) ‘North’’s meeting at Hsengkeow base in Hsipaw
township, Shan State North, held since last week, has postponed conclusion to 18
December from 15 December, as its leaders are still unable to find enough fighters
to fill the 900-1,000 quota set by junta authorities.
The group has an estimated strength of 4,500.
Ai Husheng (Photo by U.S. Air Force)
The National Democratic Alliance Army-Eastern

Shan State (NDAA-ESS), based in Mongla,
opposite China’s Daluo, meanwhile says junta
officers, since its last meeting with chief junta
negotiator Lt-Gen Ye Myint on 28 October, have
already visited 4 times to demand the full count of
its strength and arms. “We are discussing among
ourselves whether it should be sufficient to present
the total numbers for the present,” said a highly-
placed source.
The Burma Army, on the other hand, has been giving the two groups’ giant ally the
United Wa State Army (UWSA) a wide berth. “We have heard nothing from

Naypyitaw since our counterproposal (to accept junta officers only at the top level
and not at the battalion level) was rejected (late last month),” said a Wa source on
the Thai-Burma border. “Maybe they are planning to settle with the SSA and
Mongla first before settling with us.”
The SSA ‘North’ covers the Wa’s western flank while the NDAA its southeastern
flank.
“It appears China’s efforts to temper both belligerents with reason isn’t working,”
said a businessman who recently returned from the Sino-Burma border.
Lt-Gen Ai Husheng of Chengdu Military Region that oversees Sino-Burma border

security paid a 6-day visit to Burma, 5-10 December. He met three commanders
who are responsible for border areas security on the Burmese side:
• Maj-Gen Kyaw Phyoe, Triangle Region Command, 6 December
• Lt-Gen Min Aung Hlaing, Commander of Shan and Kayah states, 7 December
• Maj-Gen Aung Than Tut, Northeastern Region Command, 8 December
Top commander on Thai-Burma

border trip
THURSDAY, 17 DECEMBER 2009 17:16 HSENG KHIO FAH
One of the Burma Army’s top commanders, Chairman of Shan State (East) Peace
and Development Council and Commander of Kengtung-based Triangle Region
Command Maj-Gen Kyaw Phyoe is now making a visit to border areas with
Thailand, where the junta-back militia units and another ceasefire group, the United
Wa State Army (UWSA)’s southern fighters are active, according to sources from
the border.
Local authorities cited that the general’s trip was only to look over improvement of
local developments and condition of the junta newly expanded militia units, said a
resident from Pongpakhem, a sub-township of Mongton township, opposite
Chiangmai.
Maj-Gen Kyaw Phyoe
However, no villagers were reported to be seen at the meeting

in Pongpakhem except for some civil servants. She said, “It was
just a closed door meeting, because they did not inform locals
as before.”
A border watcher said that the general’s trip might be for three
reasons: to inspect militia conditions, to inspect improvement of
local hydropower plants and to keep persuading the UWSA’s
171st Military Region to transform into a Border Guard Force
(BGF).
Militias in Mongton are reported to have applied for teakwood concession from BP1
(Boundary Pillar#1), the border pass between Mongton township and Chiangdao of
Chiangmai province, to Mongton, in order to be able to buy enough supplies to
provide and look after their men, said a resident from Nakawngmu, a village in
Pongpakhem sub-township, 29 miles north of Chiangmai border.
Mongton township militia head is Tin Win and Ja Pikoi, based in Pongpakhem and
Jakaw, based in Mongton are deputy commanders.
The general was reported to have come on 14 December, along with 8 trucks (4
six-wheels and 4 four-wheels) and went through to Mongjawd, 20 miles west
opposite Chiangmai's Wianghaeng District, where the UWSA’s 772nd brigade is
based, said the source.
On the next day, the general returned to Nakawngmu-based Infantry Battalion (IB)
#65 base and continued his trip to Pongpakhem accompanied by a Lahu militia
truck led by Ja Pikoi and another Wa truck on 16 December.
He is now said to be at Hwe Pakhee (Lahu village), 18 miles (29 km) north of BP1.
Yawdserk warns ceasefire leaders

WEDNESDAY, 16 DECEMBER 2009 16:13 S.H.A.N.
The non-ceasefire leader Yawdserk of Shan State Army (SSA) ‘South’ has warned
ceasefire groups opposed to the Border Guard Force (BGF) program setout by
Naypyitaw of the need to beware of who among the leadership is in favor of the
program, citing his experience with the Mong Tai Army (MTA) led by the late Khun
Sa ((1934-2007).
“Whenever the people, the officers and men were asked whether or not to
surrender, all were unanimously against surrender,” he recalled the events
preceding the MTA’s surrender on 7 January 1997. “We were completely unaware
that Khun Sa and his inner circle had already agreed to turn themselves over to the
junta. By the time we knew what was going on, it was already over.”
Following the unanticipated mutiny by Col Gunyawd on 6 June 1995 and the
resultant mass desertions to him, Khun Sa had sent trusted emissaries including
his uncle Khun Hseng to Rangoon calling for a ceasefire, the same status as other
movements that had preceded him, notably the United Wa State Army (UWSA) and
Kachin Independence Organization (KIO). Rangoon, in light of both the
international and regional blacklisting of Khun Sa as a druglord, had rejected the
offer and instead demanded total surrender, to which he quietly acquiesced.
Until then, the MTA was recognized by Rangoon as the strongest armed resistance
movement.
To date, 7 ceasefire groups including the Kokang that was attacked and subdued in
August have agreed to the BGF program. Only 6 remain defiant to the demand
which include KIO, UWSA, Mongla, SSA ‘North’, Kayan New Land Party (KNLP)
and New Mon State Party (NMSP), all of which are undergoing pressure to give in.
“By clever maneuvering by the minority, the majority could find themselves
checkmated if they are not on the lookout,” Yawdserk, 52, who had served as a
field commander in the MTA 13 years ago. “I myself was able to break out of the
cordon only after the surrender.”
Two days after the MTA force in Pang Maisoong, opposite Chiangmai, surrendered
on 25 January 1996, Yawdserk escaped with 300 men to form what later became
the SSA ‘South’, which together with the Karen National Union (KNU) and the
Karenni National Progress Party (KNPP), remain the principal armed opposition
movements still fighting against Burma’s military rulers.
Khun Sa died under virtual house arrest in Rangoon in October 2007.
Junta accused of involvement in

drug trade
WEDNESDAY, 16 DECEMBER 2009 00:00 HSENG KHIO FAH
Anytime the drug trade is reported from Burma, most people including the United
Nations’ Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) would only point it out as “the
handiwork of ceasefire groups”, while in fact the Burmese junta military is a key
player and is behind the whole business, according to a veteran ceasefire leader.
The former Laogai Regional Operation Command Commander (ROC) Brig-Gen

Win Maung for one had been heavily involved.

According to him, the general detained and executed all drug dealers who used to
work with him in order to shut down information and then put the blame on Kokang
when the group refused to accept the Naypitaw’s proposal to transform their force
into Border Guard Force (BGF).
Since April, the Burmese military junta has been pressurizing all ethnic ceasefire
groups to transform into a border guard force under the regime’s control ahead of
its proposed general elections in 2010.
On 24 August, Kokang was raided by the Burma Army for allegedly having an
illegal arms factory and a drug refinery in its area. Actually, the Kokang region was
already recognized as drug free zone by the Burma Army in 2002. It two allies:
Mongla aka National Democratic Alliance Army –Eastern Shan State (NDAA-ESS)
and the United Wa State Army (UWSA) were also recognized as drug free in 1997
and 2005 respectively.
On 14 December, the UNODC reported that Burma’s opium production has

increased by 50 percent since 2006 and most are reported to be from ethnic
ceasefire groups like Shan State and Kachin State, commenting that because ethic
groups are in a hurry to sell drugs to buy weapons since their relationship with the
Burma Army has gone sour.
“Cease-fire groups¬autonomous ethnic militia like the Wa and Kachin¬are selling

drugs to buy weapons and they are moving drug stock to avoid detection,” said
Antonion Maria Cotsa, the head of the UNODC, based in Vienna.
In response to the UN survey, the ceasefire officer who refused to be identified,

said, “It was a good excuse for the Burma Army to wipe out the ceasefire groups
because it is also trying to blame them with drugs like they did to Kokang.”
“It is impossible for any group to be in the trade without the junta’s helping hand,”
he said.
Prior to the August incident, the ceasefire groups, especially Kokang, Wa and
Mongla, have already been recognized by the UN and the ruling military council for
their anti-drugs efforts. “We cannot therefore take the latest report as 100%
correct,” he said.

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Appendix

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Farmers harvest opium poppies in northern Karenni State.

မူးယစ္သမင္ မူးယစ္မိုးနဲ႔ ကုလမုဆိုး

ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးၾကီး သန္းေရႊ၏ မ်က္ႏွာဖံုးကုိ

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 113 1

ppftm%m&SifawGukd tefwkawmfveS fae=uwJ'h Drdkua&pDa&;wdkuyf GJ0if

ppftm%m&Sif awGukd enf;rsdK;pHkeJ@ tefwak wmfveS fae=uwJh jrefrmjynfwiG f;u

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 113 2

မူးယစ္သမင္ မူးယစ္မိုးနဲ႔ ကုလမုဆိုး

ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးၾကီး သန္းေရႊ၏ မ်က္ႏွာဖံုးကုိ

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 113 3

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) twGuftxl;xkwfa0onf

Index: Polaris Burmese Library, LPK Library, Daw Aung San

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 113 4

Daily Press Briefings : Daily Press

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 113 5

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 113 8

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 113 10

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 113 11

ဴမန္မာႎိုင္ငံကို မဳကာခင္လာေရာက္မဲ့ တ႟ုတ္ ဒုတိယ သမတ မစၤတာ ရႀီကဵင့္ဖဵင္ဟာ

ဴမန္မာ စစ္အစိုးရ တပ္ဖၾဲႚမဵားႎႀင့္ ကိုးကန္ႛ လက္နက္ကိုင္အဖၾဲႚတိုႛ တိုက္ပၾဲမဵား ဴဖစ္ပၾားဴခင္းေဳကာင့္

တ႟ုတ္ဒုတိယသမတဟာ ဴမန္မာႎိုင္ငံကို လာမဲ့စေနနႛမႀာ ေရာက္ရႀိမႀာ ဴဖစ္႓ပီး ႎႀစ္ရက္ဳကာ

တ႟ုတ္ဴပည္ဆိုင္ရာ ဴမန္မာသံအမတ္အဴဖစ္ ေဆာင္႟ၾက္ခဲ့တဲ့ သခင္ခဵန္ထၾန္းကလည္း အလားတူ

သခင္ခဵန္ထၾန္း။ ။ “ဒီဟာ အေရးအ႒ကီးဆံုးပဲေပၝ့။ ဒၝေဳကာင့္မိုႛ သူတိုႛ ဒုတိယ

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 113 12

တ႟ုတ္ဴပည္အတၾက္ ဴမန္မာႎိုင္ငံဟာ အေရးပၝတာမိုႛ တ႟ုတ္အစိုးရ အဆက္ဆက္ဟာ ဴမန္မာနဲႛ

သခင္ခဵန္ထၾန္း။ ။ “ဗမာဴပည္ထဲ သူက အမဵား႒ကီး အခုက ဴမၟႂပ္ႎႀံမႁ ရေန႓ပီပဲ။ ဂက္စ္ေတၾ

မႎႀစ္က တ႟ုတ္နဲႛဴမန္မာ ႎႀစ္ႎိုင္ငံ ကုန္သၾယ္ေရးပမာဏ အေမရိကန္ေဒၞလာ ၂ ဘီလဵံခၾဲေကဵာ္

NLD ေခၝင္းေဆာင္ သံုးဦးကို

ဒီကေနႛမနက္က ဴမန္မာ့ဒီမိုကေရစီေခၝင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္ဟာ အမဵိႂးသား

ဦးဉာဏ္ဝင္း။ ။ “က႗န္ေတာ္တိုႛ ဒီေနႛမနက္ ၁၁ နာရီကေန႓ပီးေတာ့ ၁၂ နာရီေလာက္၊

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 113 13

ေနအိမ္အကဵယ္ခဵႂပ္ ကဵခံေနရေသာ ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္ (ဝဲ) ႎႀင့္ အမဵိႂးသား

“အဲဒီ ကန္ေတာ့တဲ့ ဴမင္ကၾင္းကေတာ့ လူ႒ကီး သံုးေယာက္ကို ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္

႓ပီးခဲ့တဲ့ ႎိုဝင္ဘာလ ၁၁ရက္ေနႛက ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္က ဗိုလ္ခဵႂပ္မႀႃး႒ကီးသန္းေ႟ၿဆီကို

ဦးလၾင္ကလည္း ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္နဲႛ မေတၾႚရတာ ၂၀၀၃ ခုႎႀစ္ကတည္းက ဴဖစ္ေဳကာင္း၊

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 113 14

ေဒၞေအာင္ဆန္းစုဳကည္ ေမတၨရပ္ခံခဲ့တဲ့ အခဵက္ေတၾကို ခၾင့္ဴပႂခဲ့သလို

စီးပၾားေရးႎႀင့္ ႎိုင္ငံေရး ခၾဲထုတ္လိုႛမရေဳကာင္း

စီးပၾားေရး ဖၾံႚ႓ဖိႂးတိုးတက္မႁနဲႛ ဆင္းရဲႎၾမ္းပၝးမႁ ေလ႖ာ့ခဵေရးဆိုင္ရာ စားပၾဲဝိုင္းေဆၾးေႎၾးပၾဲနဲႛ ႎႀီးေႎႀာ

အဲဒီေဆၾးေႎၾးပၾဲေတၾမႀာ ကိုလံဘီယာတကၠသိုလ္က ႎိုဘယ္ဆုရႀင္ စီးပၾားေရး ပၝေမာကၡ ဂဵိႂးဇက္

ရန္ကုန္႓မိႂႚ ဆင္ေဴခဖံုး ရပ္ကၾက္တခုတၾင္ စားဝတ္ေနေရးအတၾက္ အမိႁက္ေကာက္ေနေသာ

ပိုမို တိုးတက္ေသာ ဴမန္မာ့ လယ္ယာစီးပၾားေရးဆီသိုႛ ဆိုတဲ့ ေခၝင္းစဥ္နဲႛ ပၝေမာကၡ စတစ္ဂလစ္က

ေဆၾးေႎၾးပၾဲမႀာ လယ္ယာနဲႛ ဆည္ေဴမာင္းဝန္႒ကီး ဗိုလ္ခဵႂပ္ေဌးဦးက တည္႓ငိမ္မႁ၊ ေအးခဵမ္းသာယာမႁ ၊

စီးပၾားေရးပညာရႀင္ ဆရာဦးခင္ေမာင္ညိႂ (ေဘာဂေဗဒ) ကေတာ့ ပၝေမာကၡ စတစ္ဂလစ္ရဲ့

ဦးခင္ေမာင္ညိႂ (ေဘာဂေဗဒ) ။ ။ “ဟို တဴခား ADB တိုႛ၊ IMF တိုႛ ေဴပာတာေတၾကလည္း

အခုကဵင္းပခဲ့တဲ့ ေဆၾးေႎၾးပၾဲဟာ ESCAP ေခၞ ကုလသမဂၢ အာရႀနဲႛပစိဖိတ္ဆိုင္ရာ စီးပၾားေရးနဲႛ

ဒီကေနႛ ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၁၆ ရက္ေနႛ ဴပာသိုလဆန္း ၁ ရက္ေနႛ ကရင္သကၠရာဇ္ ၂၇၄၉ ခု

အဲဒီလို ႎႀစ္ႎိုင္ငံနယ္စပ္က ေတာရဘုန္း႒ကီးေကဵာင္းမႀာ ကရင္တိုင္းရင္းသားေတၾ စုေပၝင္း႓ပီးေတာ့

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 113 16

ထုိင္း-ဴမန္မာနယ္စပ္ ဒုကၡသည္ စခန္းတခုမႀ အခမ္းအနား တက္ေရာက္ရန္ တိုင္းရင္းသား ဝတ္စံု

ပဒို သမိန္ေထာ။ ။ “အသိအမႀတ္ အဴပႂခံရတာ ၃၈ ဒီဇင္ဘာမႀာ အသိအမႀတ္ ဴပႂခံရ႓ပီး ၃၉

ဒီလိုႎႀစ္စဥ္ကဵင္းပခဲ့တဲ့ ကရင့္ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးပၾဲေတာ္ဟာ ဴမန္မာဴပည္အတၾင္း စစ္အစိုးရအဆက္ဆက္

ရန္ကုန္႓မိႂႚမႀာေတာ့ အင္းစိန္႓မိႂႚနယ္ ေစာ္ဘၾား႒ကီးကုန္းနဲႛ နံႛသာကုန္း႒ကားက အာလိန္ငၝးဆင့္

ကရင္တိုင္းရင္းသားေတၾအတၾက္ ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးေနႛဟာ ဘယ္ေလာက္အေရးပၝတယ္ ဘယ္ေလာက္

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 113 17

ရန္ကုန္႓မိႂႚက ကရင္ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူးပၾဲ ဴဖစ္ေဴမာက္ေရး ဦးေဆာင္သူတဦး ေဴပာသၾားတာပၝ။ အင္းစိန္မႀာ

ကရင္ႎႀစ္သစ္ကူး ပၾဲေတာ္ရက္ကို ၁၉၃၈ ခုႎႀစ္ အဂႆလိပ္ကိုလိုနီလက္ထက္ကစလိုႛ တရားဝင္

စာေရးဆရာ႒ကီး အီဳကာေကၾး ကၾယ္လၾန္

အသက္ ၇၂ ႎႀစ္ အ႟ၾယ္ ရႀိ႓ပီဴဖစ္တဲ့ ႎိုင္ငံေကဵာ္ ဟာသနဲႛ သေရာ္စာေတၾ ေရးတဲ့ စာေရးဆရာ႒ကီး

လုပ္ေဖာ္ကိုင္ဖက္ စာေပသမားေတၾကေတာ့ ခုလို ဆရာ႒ကီး အီ႒ကာေကၾး ကၾယ္လၾန္သၾားတာဟာ

ဆရာ႒ကီးေမာင္မိုးသူ။ ။ “ဘဘတိုႛ မေနႛညက စာေရးဆရာရဲ့ ေမၾးေနႛမႀာ ဘဘတိုႛ

vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 113 18