Test Signal

Unit f(t) (t>=0)

F(s) General comments Advantages Disadvantages
(t) 1 Limiting case of pulse of unit
area as width -->0
Direct estimate of sys dynamics
s.s. operating
Difficult to apply a time impulse with
sufficient energy to give a response
detectale in !noise" without saturating
part of sys
1 1#s $est insight for transient response
studies
%ost severe disturance possile
&onventionally normalised to
unit mag
'asy to apply
(esults easy to interpret
&an detect !transport" lag
&an detect presence of non-
linearities ) using diff. step
si*es
s.s. operating point changed
%ay lead to unacceptaly large step due
to !noise"
+ery small variations in shape of
response have large effect on higher
order terms in model
t 1#s
,
-tep change in velocity Less severe than step fn
%ore relevant than step for
some sys e.g. those possessing
high input inertia

t
,
,#s
.
-tep change in acceleration
/sed when even a ramp input is
too severe

sin0t 0
---------
(s
,
10
,
)
/sed to investigate s.s. response
in fre2 domain
/sed to derive model y
e3perimentation (apply a range of
fre2 4 oserve response in terms
of amp 4 phase shift)
5ften easy to apply
&onvenient for analysis
&an e time consuming to apply
sufficient range of fre2 6 sys may change
during test
%ay e an unrealistic forcing fn