'‫ا(ز‬ 

‫ر ا‬%‫& ا‬ !"#‫  ا‬$ : ‫إز اذ‬ ‫ ى او م‬ 
‫ر ا‬
Chorfi_mouhsine@yahoo.fr
!)  ‫)رات ا‬+‫ا‬
. ‫ر‬-. /‫ر و ا)وال ا‬-‫)ود و ا)وال ا‬$‫ ب  ت ا)وال ا‬3 ‫ــ‬
. ‫د‬56‫(ل ا)وال ا‬7 85 9‫ ا‬5::‫ ب  ت ا)وال ا‬3 ‫ــ‬
"5;<‫(ل ا‬7 ‫ا
ت‬
: 1 =>‫" ر‬
. lim x + 3x = 0 ‫ أن‬59

2
x →0
. ]-1,1[ , 0 B'‫ي "آ‬-‫ ا‬E+
‫ح ا‬G‫"ال ا‬9(
. x 2 +3 x < 4 x K
‫و‬ x+3 < 4 ‫إذن‬ 2< x+3< 4 ‫ن‬J! −1 < x < 1 ‫ أن‬7 ‫و‬ x 2 + 3 x = x x +3 : 
)
. 2 5L%‫ ا‬M 3 lim x
2
+ 3x = 0 ‫ن‬J! lim 4 x = 0 ‫ أن‬7 ‫و‬
x →0 x→0
lim x
2
+ 3x = 0
x →0
2 x2
lim = 0 ‫ أن‬O:7 57
x →0 3 + x 2

: 2 =>‫" ر‬
x +1
. f ( x) =  lim f ( x) = 3 ‫ أن‬59

x −1 x→2
: 3 5L%‫ ا‬P98 ‫ ف‬R‫ا‬-
f ( x) − 3 =
x +1
−3 =
x + 1 − 3x + 3
=
−2 x + 4
=
(
−2 x − 2 ) =2
x−2
x −1 x −1 x −1 x −1 x −1

.  3 , 5  2 ‫ ا ل ا  ا ي

آ‬
2 2
x −2 1 1 1 3 3 5 3 5
f ( x ) − 3 < x −2 ‫إذن‬ 2 < x−2 
‫و‬ <2 ‫إذن‬ < x −1 "   ‫و‬ < x −1 < 
‫و‬ <x< ‫ن‬ x∈ ,  ‫ أن‬
x −1 x −1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
. lim f ( x ) = 3 ‫ إذن‬lim x −2 = 0 ‫ أن‬%& ‫و‬
x→2 x→2
x +1
lim =3
x→2 x −1
lim x 2 + 4 x − 3 = 2 ‫ أن‬O:7 57
x →1

: 3 =>‫" ر‬
4
. lim =0 : ‫ ' أن‬
x→+∞ x 2 + 5
4 4 4
. 2
x +5> x 2 ‫ن‬+ 2 = 2 < : )*
x +5 x +5 x2
4 4
. lim =0 ‫و
 ن‬ lim =0 2 ,-. ‫ ا‬/01 %& ‫و‬
x→+∞ x 2 + 5 x→+∞ x 2
4
lim =0
x→+∞ x 2 + 5
x
lim = 0 ‫ أن‬O:7 57
x →+∞ x + 1 2

: 4 =>‫" ر‬
2x −1 2
f ( x) =
 lim f ( x) = 2 ‫ ' أن‬
x2 + 4 x →+∞

2x −1
2
2x −1 − 2x − 8
2 2
−9 9
f ( x) − 2 = 2 −2 = = 2 = 2 )*
x +4 x +4
2
x +4 x +4
2x2 −1 9 9 9
lim =2 2)  ‫ ا‬/01 ‫ إذن‬lim 2 = 0 ‫و‬ < 2 )* ‫و‬
x →+∞ x 2 + 4 x →+∞ x x +4 x
2

Chorfi_mouhsine@yahoo.fr
 2x2 −1
lim =2
x →+∞ x 2 + 4

3x 2 − 1
lim 2 = 3 ‫ أن‬O:7 57
x →+∞ x + 2

: 5 =>‫" ر‬
x +1
f ( x) =  lim f ( x) = −1 ‫ ' أن‬
−x x →−∞

lim f (− x) = −1 ‫ف ' أن‬45 2)  ‫ ا‬67

x →+∞

1 −x +1 −x +1+ x 1 1
lim f (− x) = −1 ‫ ن‬lim = 0 ‫و  ان‬ f (− x) − ( −1) = +1 = = = )*
x →+∞ x →+∞ x x x x x
. lim f ( x) = −1 
‫و‬
x →−∞

−x +1
lim = −1
x →−∞ x
: 6 =>‫" ر‬
1+ x 2
. lim = +∞ ‫ ' أن‬
x →0 x2
1 + x2 1
"1 ‫*د‬9 :; 1 + x 2 ≥ 1 ‫ن‬+ 2
≥ 2 : )*
x x
1 + x2 1
. lim 2
= +∞ ‫ إذن‬lim 2 = +∞ )* ‫و‬
x →0 x x →0 x

1 + x2
lim = +∞
x →0 x2
x +1
2
lim = +∞ ‫ أن‬O:7 57
x →0 x4
: 7 =>‫" ر‬
3
. lim = +∞ ‫ ' أن‬
( x − 1)
x →1 2

3 3
f (1 + h) = ‫> أن‬0 ‫و‬ f ( x) = <=
( x − 1)
2
h2
1
lim f ( x) = lim f (1 + h) = lim = +∞ 
‫و‬
x →1 h →0 h →0 h2
3
lim = +∞
( x − 1)
x →1 2

: 8 =>‫" ر‬
. lim x + 2 x = +∞ ‫ ' أن‬
4
x →+∞

x + 2 x = x ( x + 2) > x
4 3

‫ و‬x + 2 > 1 "   ‫ و‬x > 1 ‫ ض أن‬B +∞ ‫ار‬4 ,)@ ‫ و  أن ا‬x 4 + 2 x = x ( x3 + 2 ) : )*
3

. lim x 4 + 2 x = +∞ ‫ إذن‬lim x = +∞ ‫ أن‬%&‫و‬

x →+∞ x →+∞

lim x + 2 x = +∞
4
x →+∞

Chorfi_mouhsine@yahoo.fr
 Y(‫ ا‬+"87 ‫ا
ت‬
: ‫)ود‬$‫  ا)وال ا‬
: ‫)ا‬7 K‫ر‬L ‫ ه‬+5+3 ‫ ــ ا
 ! )د‬1
lim 3 x 2 − 2 x + 4
x →0

lim 3x − 2 x + 4 = 3 × 02 − 2 × 0 + 4 = 4
2
x →0

lim 4 x 2 + x − 1
x →−2

lim 4 x 2 + x − 1 = 4 × ( −2 ) + ( −2 ) − 1 = 16 − 2 − 1 = 13
2

x →−2
: ‫"أس‬9‫ أآ‬K) ‫ي‬-‫) ا‬$‫ ه   ا‬−∞ ‫ أو‬+∞ ! 
‫ ــ ا‬1
lim 2 x − x − 5
2
x →+∞

lim 2 x − x − 5 = lim 2 x 2 = +∞
2
x →+∞ x →+∞

lim 3x − 2 x 2 − 5 x
5
x →−∞

lim 3x5 − 2 x 2 − 5 x = lim 3 x5 = −∞

x →−∞ x →−∞

lim − 2 x + 3x − 2 4
x →+∞

lim − 2 x 4 + 3 x − 2 = lim − 2 x 4 = −∞
x →+∞ x →+∞

: ‫ر‬-‫  ا)وال ا‬

: ‫ـــ ا()د‬7 ‫ (ض ا ل‬+5+3 ‫ر ! )د‬-. ‫))   دا‬$ ‫ ــ‬1
2x − 3
lim
x →−1 x2
2 x − 3 2 ( −1) − 3 −5
lim = = = −5
( −1)
2
x →−1 x2 1
−2 x + 3
lim
( x − 2)
x→2 2

−2 x + 3 −4 + 3 −1
lim = = =0
( x − 2) +∞
2
x→2 02
3x + 1
lim−
x →1 x − 1

3x + 1 4
lim− = − = −∞
x →1 x − 1 0
: ‫)د‬$ "5] O^_ 
58( ‫ ^ أن‬Y(‫ ــ ا‬2
x −1 2
lim
x −1
x →1

x2 −1 0
‫)د‬$ "5] O^_ lim =
x →1 x − 1 0
lim
x −1
2
= lim
( x − 1)( x + 1) = lim x + 1 = 2
x →1 x − 1 x →1 x −1 x →1

: ‫"أس‬9‫) اآ‬$‫رج ا‬a   ‫ ه‬−∞ ‫ أو‬+∞ ! 

‫ ــ ا‬3
3x − 2 x
2
lim
x →+∞ 2 x 2 + 5

3x 2 − 2 x 3x 2 3 3
lim = lim = lim =
x →+∞ 2 x + 5
2 x →+∞ 2 x 2 x →+∞ 2 2
3x − 2 x
5 2
lim
x →−∞ 2 x 2 + 5 x

Chorfi_mouhsine@yahoo.fr
 3x5 − 2 x 2 3x5 3x3
lim = lim 2 = lim = −∞
x →−∞ 2 x 2 + 5 x x →−∞ 2 x x →−∞ 2

: ‫ر‬-. /‫  ا)وال ا‬

: ‫ـــ ا()د‬7 ‫ (ض ا ل‬+5+3 ‫ر ! )د‬-.  ‫))   دا‬$ ‫ ــ‬1
x2 −1
lim
x→2 x +1
x2 − 1 3 1
lim = =
x→2 x +1 3 3
x2 − 1
lim+
x→2 x−2
x −1
2
3
lim+ = + = +∞
x→2 x−2 0
x2 − 4
lim+
x→2 x−2
x2 − 4 0
‫)د‬$ "5] O^_ lim =
x → 2+ x−2 0

lim+
x −4
2
= lim+
( x + 2) x − 4
2

= lim+
( x + 2) x2 − 4
= lim
( x + 2 ) = 4 = +∞
x → 2 ( x + 2 )( x − 2 )
+
x→2 x−2 x →2 x2 − 4 x → 2+
x2 − 4 0

: ‫ر‬-. ‫ )ا‬−∞ ‫ أو‬+∞ ! 

‫ ــ ا‬2
lim x +2
2
x →+∞

lim x 2 + 2 = +∞ = +∞
x →+∞

lim x2 + 2 − 2x
x →+∞

‫)د‬$ "5] O^_ lim x 2 + 2 − 2 x = +∞ − ∞ Y(‫ا‬

x →+∞

2  2 
lim x 2 + 2 − 2 x = lim x 1 + 2
− 2 x = lim x  1 + 2 − 2  O5(‫ ا‬+";
x →+∞ x →+∞ x x →+∞ x
 
2
x2 + 2 = x 1 + ‫ن‬C
x2
2
lim x = +∞ ‫ و‬lim 1 + 2
− 2 = 1 + 0 + − 2 = 1 − 2 = −1 ‫و‬
x →+∞ x →+∞ x
 2 
lim x 2 + 2 − 2 x = −∞ ‫ إذن‬lim x  1 + 2 − 2  = −∞ 
‫و‬
x →+∞ x →+∞ x
 
x2 + 2
lim
x →+∞ x
x 2 + 2 +∞
‫)د‬$ "5] O^_ lim = Y(‫ا‬
x →+∞ x +∞
2
x 1+ 2
x +2
2
x = lim 1 + 2 = 1 + 0 + = 1
lim = lim O5(‫ا‬
x →+∞ x x →+∞ x x →+∞ x2
lim x2 + 1 − x
x →+∞

Chorfi_mouhsine@yahoo.fr
 ‫)د‬$ "5] O^_ lim x 2 + 1 − x = +∞ − ∞ Y(‫ا‬
x →+∞

1  1 
‫)د‬$ "5] O^_ lim x 2 + 1 − x = lim x 1 + − x = lim x  1 + − 1  = +∞ × 0 O5(‫ا‬
x →+∞ x →+∞ x2 x →+∞  x2
 

lim x +1−x = lim

2 ( x +1−x)( x +1+x)
2 2

= lim x +1−x
2 2
= lim +1
=
1
=0 P!‫ا"ا‬
x→+∞ x→+∞ x2+1+x x→+∞ x +1+x
2
x→+∞ x +1+x
2
+∞
: 5::‫  ا)وال ا‬
: ,  ‫ ا @)ت ا‬E&9 ‫ ا‬F‫* آ‬
1 − cos x 1 tan x sin x
lim 2
= ‫ و‬lim = 1 ‫ و‬lim =1
x →0 x 2 x → 0 x x → 0 x
sin x
lim
x →0 4 x

sin x 1 sin x 1 1
lim = lim = ×1 =
x →0 4 x 4 x →0 x 4 4
sin x
lim
x → 0 sin 5 x

sin x sin x x 5x 1 1
lim = lim × × = 1× × 1 =
x → 0 sin 5 x x →0 x 5 x sin 5 x 5 5
1 − cos 2 x
lim
x →0 x2
1 − cos 2 x 1 − cos 2 x 1 − cos 2 x 1
lim = lim 4 × = 4 × lim = 4× = 2
( 2x) ( 2x )
x →0 2 x →0 2 x →0 2
x 2
2 x4
lim
x → 0 cos x 2 − 1

−2 ( x 2 ) ( x2 )
2 2
2 x4
lim = lim = −2 lim = −2 × 2 = −4
x → 0 cos x 2 − 1 x → 0 1 − cos x 2 x → 0 1 − cos x 2

sin 2 x
lim
x →0 x
sin 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x
lim = lim 2 × = 2 × lim = 2 ×1 = 2
x →0 x x → 0 2x x → 0 2x
sin 2 x
lim 2
x →0 x
2
sin 2 x  sin x 
lim 2 = lim   =1 =1
2
x →0 x x → 0
 x 
sin 3 x
lim
x →0 4x
sin 3 x sin 3 x 3 x 4x 3 3
lim = lim × × = 1× × 1 =
x → 0 sin 4 x x →0 3x 4 x sin 4 x 4 4
1 − cos 2 x
lim
x →0 x2
1 − cos 2 x 1 − cos ( 2 x ) 1
lim = lim 4 × = 4× = 2
( 2x)
x →0 2 → 2
x x 0 2
cos x
lim
x→
π π
2 −x
2
Chorfi_mouhsine@yahoo.fr
 π 
cos  −t
cos x 2  = lim sin t = 1 π
lim = lim : t= −x cd ‫ و‬. x "5b‫" ا‬55b7 ‫م‬+
x→
π π t →0 t t →0 t 2
2 −x
2
 −5 
lim  + x 2 
x →−∞
 x 
 −5  −5
lim  + x 2  = lim + lim x 2 = 0 + ∞ = +∞
x →−∞
 x  x →−∞ x x→−∞
x2 − 2 x
lim
x →1 x −1 −1
x2 − 2x 0
‫)د‬$ "5] O^_ lim =
x →1 x − 1 − 1 0
x2 − 2 x x2 − 2 x x2 − 2 x x ( x − 2)
lim+ = lim+ = lim+ = lim+ = lim+ x = 1
x →1 x − 1 − 1 x →1 x − 1 − 1 x →1 x − 2 x →1 x−2 x →1

x2 − 2 x x2 − 2 x x2 − 2x x ( x − 2)
lim− = lim− = lim+ = lim+ = lim+ − ( x − 2 ) = 1
x →1 x − 1 − 1 x →1 − x + 1 − 1 x →1 − x x →1 −x x →1

x2 − 2 x
lim = 1 : ‫إذن‬
x →1 x −1 −1
lim x + 1 − x −1
x →+∞

‫)د‬$ "5] O^_ lim x + 1 − x − 1 = +∞ − ∞

x →+∞

lim x + 1 − x − 1 = lim
( x +1 − x −1 )( x +1 + x −1 ) = lim ( x + 1) − ( x − 1) = lim
2
=
2
=0
x →+∞ x →+∞
( x + 1 + x −1 ) x →+∞
( x +1 + x −1 ) x →+∞
( x +1 + x −1 ) +∞

3x + 1 − 2
lim
x →1 x −1
3x + 1 − 2 0
‫)د‬$ "5] O^_ lim =
x →1 x −1 0

lim
3x+1−2
=lim
(3x+1−2 3x+1+2
=lim
)( 3x+1−4
=lim
) 3x−3
=lim
3( x−1)
=lim
3
=
3
x→1 x−1 x→1 ( x−1) 3x+1+2 (x→1
) ( )
( x−1) 3x+1+2 x→1 ( x−1) 3x+1+2 x→1 ( x−1) 3x+1+2 x→1 3x+1+2 4 ( ) ( ) ( )
π 
lim ( x − 1) tan  x 
x →1
2 
π π
− t t
π  π  π π  −t 2 2 −2
lim( x −1) tan x = limt tan ( t +1)  = limt tan t +  = lim = lim 2 = lim− =
x→1
2  t →0
2  t →0
 2 2 t →0 π  t →0 π π  t →0 π π  π
tan t  tan t  tan t 
2  2 2  2 
x2 + x
lim
x →0 x− x

lim+
x2 + x
= lim
x x x +1
= lim
(
x x +1
= −1
) ( )
x →0 x − x x →0 x x − 1 x →0
(
x −1 ) ( )
: 5!e‫ر إ‬
: ,  ‫*د ا @)ت ا‬1
Chorfi_mouhsine@yahoo.fr
 x2 − 2 sin 3 x lim 5 x 2 + 7 x − 2
lim lim x →3
x →− 2 x + 2 x →0 7x
3x 2 − 2 x + 1
x2 − 9 sin 2 x lim
lim lim
x → 0 tan 2 x
x→2 x2 + 1
x →3 x − 3
x2 + x − 2
2x −1 x +1 −1 lim
lim lim x →1 x −1
x →1+ − x + 1 x →0 x
5x − 1 lim − x 2 + 5 x + 4
lim x →−∞
x →+∞ x − 4 x + 5
2
x4 + x + 1
2x −1 lim
x →−∞ 1 − x 5
lim
x →+∞ x − x + 2
2

"5;<7 ‫ا
ت‬
: 1 =>‫" ر‬
1 + x −1
2
. f ( x) = : O^#‫ ا("!  ا‬f ‫" ا)ا‬9(
x
1
. x ∈ ℝ∗ O^ f ( x ) ≤ x ‫ أن‬57 ‫ ــ‬1
2
‫ ؟‬g
  ‫ ــ  ذا‬2
: O$‫ا‬
∗
: )* . x ∈ ℝ '; ‫ ــ‬1

f ( x) =
1 + x2 − 1
=
( 1 + x2 − 1 )( 1 + x2 + 1 )= 1 + x2 − 1
=
x
=
x
x x ( 1 + x2 + 1 ) x ( 1 + x2 + 1 ) 1 + x2 + 1 1 + x2 + 1
1 1
. ≤ 
‫ و‬1 + x 2 + 1 ≥ 2 ‫ إذن‬1 + x 2 ≥ 1 )* x ∈ ℝ∗ :; ‫ ان‬7 ‫و‬
1 + x2 + 1 2
1 x 1
. x ∈ ℝ∗ :; f ( x ) ≤ x 
‫و‬ ≤ x "   ‫و‬
2 1+ x2 + 1 2
1
. lim f ( x ) = 0 ‫ ن‬lim x = 0 ‫ و‬f ( x ) ≤ x ‫ ـــ  أن‬2
x →0 x →0 2
: 2 =>‫" ر‬
. f ( x ) = 1 + x 2 − x : O^#‫ ا("!  ا‬f ‫" ا)ا‬9(
1
. x ∈ ℝ ∗+ O^ f ( x ) ≤ ‫ أن‬57 ‫ ــ‬1
2x
. lim f ( x ) g
‫ ــ &= ا‬2
x →+∞

: O$‫ا‬

f ( x ) = 1 + x2 − x =
( 1+ x − x
2
)( 1+ x + x 2
) = 1+ x − x2 2
=
1
: )* . x ∈ ℝ ∗+ ^5 ‫ ــ‬1
1+ x + x
2
1+ x + x 2
1+ x + x2

1 1
. < "   ‫ و‬1 + x 2 + x > 2 x ‫ إذن‬1 + x 2 > x 
‫ و‬1 + x 2 > x 2 ‫ ن‬x ∈ ℝ ∗+ ‫و  أن‬
1+ x + x2 2x
1
. f ( x) < ‫إذن‬
2x
Chorfi_mouhsine@yahoo.fr.
1 1
. lim f ( x ) = 0 ‫ ن‬lim = 0 ‫ و‬x ∈ ℝ ∗+ :; 0 < f ( x ) < ‫ ــ  ان‬2
x →+∞ x →+∞ 2 x 2x
:  +"8‫ ا‬hG
7 M.‫أ‬
 : 3 =>‫" ر‬
−2 x + x − 6
2
. f ( x) = : O^#‫ ا("!  ا‬f ‫" ا)ا‬9(
x2 + 3
1
. x ∈ ℝ∗ O^ f ( x ) + 2 ≤ ‫ أن‬57 ‫ ــ‬1
x
lim f ( x ) ‫ و‬lim f ( x ) g
‫ ــ &= ا‬2
x →−∞ x →+∞

: 4 =>‫" ر‬
. f ( x ) = x sin x + 2 x : O^#‫ ا("!  ا‬f ‫" ا)ا‬9(
x ∈ ℝ ∗+ O^ f ( x ) > x ‫ أن‬57 ‫ ــ‬1
. lim f ( x ) g
‫ ــ &= ا‬2
x →+∞

Chorfi_mouhsine@yahoo.fr