IABU Unit Reveiwl01 Overview

Overview of Abaqus
Lecture 1
L1.2
Introduction to Abaqus
Overview
SIMULIA
What is Abaqus FEA?
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Starting Abaqus/CAE
Overview of Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
Abaqus Conventions
Documentation
Abaqus Environment Settings
Abaqus Fetch Utility
Abaqus/CAE Checklist
Working with the Model Tree
Workshop 1: Linear Static Analysis of a Cantilever Beam
SIMULIA
L1.4
SIMULIA
SIMULIA is the Dassault Systmes brand that delivers a scalable
portfolio of Realistic Simulation solutions including
The Abaqus product suite for Unified FEA
Multiphysics solutions for insight into challenging engineering problems
Lifecycle management solutions for managing simulation data,
processes, and intellectual property
Headquartered in Providence, RI, USA
R&D centers in Providence and in Velizy, France
Global network of regional offices and distributors
L1.5
SIMULIA
SIMULIA Headquarters: Providence, Rhode Island
Offices:
USA: California Indiana Michigan
Ohio Rhode Island Texas

Overseas: Australia Austria China
Finland France Germany (2)
India Italy Japan (2)
Korea Netherlands Sweden
UK (2)
Representatives:
Overseas: Argentina Brazil Czech Republic
Malaysia New Zealand Poland
Russia Singapore South Africa
Spain Taiwan Turkey

What is Abaqus FEA?
L1.7
What is Abaqus FEA?
Suite of finite element analysis modules
L1.8
What is Abaqus FEA?
The structural analysis solver modules, Abaqus/Standard and
Abaqus/Explicit, are complementary and integrated analysis tools.*
Abaqus/Standard is a general-purpose finite element module. It provides
a large number of capabilities for analyzing many different types of
problems, including many nonstructural applications.
Abaqus/Explicit is an explicit dynamics finite element module.
Abaqus/CAE incorporates the analysis modules into a Complete
Abaqus Environment for modeling, managing, and monitoring Abaqus
analyses and visualizing results.
* Abaqus/CFD is a computational fluid dynamics analysis product;
it is not discussed in this course.
L1.10
Abaqus/CAE main user interface
Integrates modeling,
analysis, job
management, and
results evaluation
seamlessly.
Provides the most
complete interface
with the Abaqus solver
programs available.
Uses neutral database
files that are machine
independent.
Can be customized to
create application-
specific systems.
L1.11
Modern graphical user interface
(GUI) of menus, icons, and
dialog boxes
Menus provide access to
all capabilities.
Icons accelerate access to
frequently used features.
Dialog boxes allow you to
input alphanumeric
information and to select
various options.

Visualization toolbox icons
Mechanical property
submenu
Elastic material form
L1.12
Consistent environment
Functionality is presented in
modules.
Each module contains a
logical subset of the overall
functionality.
Once you understand the
presentation of one module,
you can easily understand
the presentation of the other
modules.

L1.13
Create the
part geometry
(and regions for
sections, if
necessary)
Position parts for
initial configuration.
Split
assembly into
meshable
regions and
mesh
Define analysis steps
and output requests
Define materials
Define additional
part regions
Define and
assign sections
to parts or
regions
Define contact and
other interactions
on regions or
named sets, and
assign them to
steps in the
analysis history
Apply loads,
BCs, and ICs to
regions or
named sets; and
assign them to
steps in the
analysis history
Submit, manage,
and monitor
analysis jobs
Examine results
Part Assembly
Step Load
Mesh Visualization
Property
Interaction
Job
L1.14
Model Tree and the Results Tree
The Model Tree provides you with a
graphical overview of your model
and the objects that it contains.
The Results Tree is used to display
analysis results from output
databases as well as session-
specific data such as XY plots.
Both trees provide shortcuts to
much of the functionality of the main
menu bar, the module toolboxes,
and the various managers.
Some features of the Model and
Results trees are discussed next.
L1.15
Tree features
Navigation tool
Context sensitive RMB actions
edit/create/suppress/query
Can effectively build most of your
model from the tree
Model query/auditing
E.g., shows number of sections, materials,
constraints currently defined
Shows status of certain features/items
(invalid part, suppressed feature)
Comprehensive view of Abaqus model data
Containers expand to show objects and
their hierarchy
Step dependent objects (e.g., BCs) appear
in the STEP and LOAD containers
L1.16
Tool tips
Float the mouse over a container or
item
Pruning the tree
You can set a certain container as the
new root to reduce clutter
Keyboard shortcuts
Hide/show
Expand/collapse
Search
Delete items
Switch context
Filtering
L1.17
cut solid extrusion
fillet
Part with several
annotated features
Models are feature-based and
parametric
A feature is a meaningful piece of the
design. Models are constructed from
numerous features; for example:
Geometric features
Solid extrusion, wire, cut, fillet,
etc.
Assembly features
Wheel must be concentric with
the axle, the blank lies exactly in
contact with the rigid die, etc.
Mesh features
Partition the mesh into different
regions for different meshing
techniques, seed different edges
with different mesh densities, etc.
L1.18
A parameter is a modifiable
quantity that provides additional
information for a feature; for
example:
Solid extrusion parameters
Sketch of extrusion cross-
section, depth of extrusion.
Cut
Sketch of cut cross-section,
depth of cut.
Fillet parameter
Fillet radius.
Solid extrusion parameters
sketch of
extrusion
cross-section
extrusion
depth
L1.19
parent: solid extrusion
child: cut
child: fillet
Example of Parent-Child
Relationships among Features
Features often have parent-child
relationships, such that the
existence of the child depends
on the existence of the parent;
for example:
Delete the solid extrusion,
and the hole and fillet
cannot exist.
Delete the part, and the
mesh cannot exist.
Abaqus/CAE always asks to
make sure that you want to
delete the parent and its child
features.
cut solid extrusion
fillet
L1.20
Features can be modified by editing
their parameters.
Aspects of the model can be
regenerated.
Parametric studies are easy and
natural.
Features can also be deleted or
temporarily suppressed with the
option to resume them later.
If a parent feature is deleted or
suppressed, all its child features
are also deleted or suppressed.

L1.21
Interoperability
Abaqus/CAE is based on the concepts of parts and assemblies, which
are common to many CAD systems.
Parts can be created within Abaqus/CAE.
Geometry can be imported from other packages and exported to other
packages.
Existing Abaqus meshes can be imported for further processing.
Individual models can be copied between databases.
L1.22
Dockable toolbars
Allow you to modify the layout and appearance of toolbars
Individual toolbars can be moved by dragging the toolbar grip
Toolbars can be docked at any of four docking regions located around
the main window
Floating toolbars can be
located anywhere
Orientation of floating
toolbars can be
controlled
Dock Sites
L1.23
Custom toolbars
Include shortcuts to functions not in
standard toolbars or toolboxes
Can collect commonly used functions
To add a function to a custom
toolbar:
Tools Customize
Select the function in the
Customize dialog box
Drag it onto the custom toolbar.
Assign an icon to represent the
toolbar
Can be moved, docked, floated, or
hidden in the same way as standard
toolbars
L1.24
Custom keyboard shortcuts
Available for most functions.
E.g., the key combination
[Shift] + [Ctrl] + P may be assigned
to Create Part dialog box
Default keyboard shortcuts for
common functions (save, print, etc.)
can also be reassigned.
Keyboard shortcuts must use one
of the following keys or key
combinations:
Any function key except F1
[Alt] + [Shift] + key
[Ctrl] + key. You can also add
[Alt] or [Shift] to modify any
keyboard shortcut that includes
the [Ctrl] key.
L1.25
View manipulation
Toolbar to control view (pan, zoom,
rotate, etc.).
Alternatively, can use a combination
of keyboard and mouse actions:
Rotate: [Ctrl]+[Alt]+MB1.
Pan: [Ctrl]+[Alt]+MB2.
Zoom: [Ctrl]+[Alt]+MB3.
You can reconfigure these
combinations to mimic the view
manipulation interfaces used by
other common CAD applications
L1.26
3D compass
View manipulation tool
Provides a quick and convenient way
to change model view
Appears by default in each viewport;
can be turned off if necessary
Uses three axes to indicate current model
orientation
Can be clicked, dragged and oriented;
by clicking different areas, specialized view
manipulations can be performed:
Rotate freely about the model's center of
rotation.
Rotate about a fixed axis.
Pan camera along a fixed axis.
Pan camera within a fixed plane.
Apply a predefined view.
L1.27
Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
Model database (.cae)
What is a model database file (extension .cae)?
Contains all the information for any number of models.
Typically contains one model or several related models.
Only one model database can be opened in Abaqus/CAE at a time.
L1.28
Model 1
parts
material properties
1 assembly
1 analysis history
What is a model?
Contains all the necessary information for an analysis.
Contains any number of parts and their associated properties.
Is independent of other models in the model database.
Objects such as parts and materials can be copied between
different models in the same database.
Contains a single assembly of part instances, including the associated
contact interactions, loads and boundary conditions, mesh, and analysis
history.
L1.29
Models can be imported into one
database from another
Model data from the imported
database is copied into the current
database.
E.g., parts, sections, assemblies,
materials, loads, BCs, etc.
Analysis job definitions and custom
data are not copied
User A
User B
Master
Model
=
+
L1.30
What is Python?
Command language used by Abaqus/CAE.
Uses range from command scripting to
creating customized applications.
Powerful and easy-to-use public domain,
object-oriented programming language.
There are several books available on Python
programming.
Additional learning materials are available
online at www.python.org.
It is not necessary to learn Python
programming to use Abaqus/CAE.
L1.31
Commands issued during an Abaqus/CAE session are saved in
journaling files containing Python scripts.

Replay (.rpy) file All commands executed during a session,
including any mistakes, are saved in this
file.
Journal (.jnl) file All commands necessary to recreate the
most currently saved model database
(.cae) are saved in this file.
Recover (.rec) file All commands necessary to recreate the
model database (.cae) since it was most
recently saved are saved in this file.

Journaling files can be modified in any way appropriate for the Python
language.
Starting Abaqus/CAE
L1.33
Starting Abaqus/CAE
Three options available:
Command line
abaqus cae = filename.cae
Opens Abaqus/CAE in current directory

Start menu (Windows)
Opens Abaqus/CAE in startup
directory (set during installation)
Working directory can be changed
(see next slide)

Double-click .cae or .odb file in Windows folder
Opens Abaqus/CAE in current directory

L1.34
Starting Abaqus/CAE
Selecting a working directory
Can select a working directory
Default is startup directory
Subsequent file operations will use this directory for reading/writing
Job files will be written to the new working directory
This makes it easier to manage job files
E.g., keep all job files in a per-job directory
Overview of Abaqus/Standard and
Abaqus/Explicit
L1.36
Abaqus/Standard
General-purpose finite element code.
Extensive and independent libraries:
Elements
Materials
Analysis procedures
Robust contact capability
L1.37
Abaqus/Standard analysis types
Static stress/displacement analysis:
Rate-dependent or rate-
independent response
Eigenvalue buckling load
prediction
Articulation of an automotive boot seal
L1.38
Linear dynamics:
Natural frequency extraction
Modal superposition
Harmonic loading
Response spectrum analysis
Random loading
Linear/Nonlinear dynamics:
Transient dynamics
Implicit or explicit integration
Harmonic
excitation of a tire
L1.39
Other analysis types available in
Abaqus/Standard:
Heat transfer
Acoustics
Mass diffusion
Steady-state transport
traction
braking
free rolling
Steady-state rolling of
a tire on a drum
L1.40
Multiphysics with Abaqus/Standard:
Thermal-mechanical analysis
Structural-acoustic analysis
Thermal-electrical (Joule heating)
analysis
Linear piezoelectric analysis
Fully or partially saturated
pore fluid flow-deformation
Fluid-structure interaction
Thermal stresses in an exhaust manifold
L1.41
Abaqus/Explicit
General-purpose finite element code for explicit dynamics
Designed for optimal computational performance with large models
running many (10,000 to 100,000+) time increments
Extensive element and material libraries
Robust contact capability
L1.42
Abaqus/Explicit (contd)
Simulates high speed dynamic
events such as drop tests.
Explicit algorithm for updating
the mechanical response.
Drop test of a cell phone
L1.43
Abaqus/Explicit (contd)
Also a powerful tool for quasi-
static metal forming simulations.
Annealing is available for
multistep forming simulations

Rolling of a symmetric I-section
L1.44
Multiphysics with Abaqus/Explicit
Thermal-mechanical analysis
Fully coupled: Explicit
algorithms for both the
mechanical and thermal
responses
Can include adiabatic heating
effects
Structural-acoustic analysis
Fluid-structure interaction
Two-stage forging, using ALE
contours of temperature
adiabatic
fully coupled temperature-displacement
L1.45
Special features of
Abaqus/Explicit: ALE
Adaptive meshing using ALE
techniques allows the robust
solution of highly nonlinear
problems.
Mesh adaptivity is based on
solution variables as well as
minimum element distortion.
Elements concentrate in areas
where they are needed.
Adaptation is based on boundary
curvature.
Bulk metal forming
High speed impact
L1.46
Special features of Abaqus/Explicit: Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL)
Define a domain in which material can flow for an Eulerian analysis
Flow problems
Structural problems with extreme deformation
Eulerian mesh
rod material
L1.47
Comparing Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
Abaqus/Explicit
A general-purpose finite element
program for explicit dynamics.
Solution procedure does not
require iteration.
Solves highly discontinuous high-
speed dynamic problems efficiently.
Coupled-field analyses include:
Thermal-mechanical
Structural-acoustic
FSI
Abaqus/Standard
A general-purpose finite element
program.
Nonlinear problems require
iterations.
Can solve for true static
equilibrium in structural
simulations.
Provides a large number of
capabilities for analyzing many
different types of problems.
Nonstructural applications.
Coupled or uncoupled
response.
Abaqus Conventions
L1.49
Abaqus Conventions
Units
Abaqus uses no inherent set of units.
It is the users responsibility to use consistent units.
Example:
N, kg, m, s
or
N, 10
3
kg, mm, s
etc.
Common systems of consistent units
L1.50
Abaqus Conventions
Example: Properties of mild steel at room temperature
Quantity U.S. units SI units
Conductivity 28.9 Btu/ft hr F 50 W/m C
2.4 Btu/in hr F
Density 15.13 slug/ft
3
(lbf s
2
/ft
4
) 7800 kg/m
3

0.730 10
3
lbf s
2
/in
4

0.282 lbm/in
3

Elastic modulus 30 10
6
psi 207 10
9
Pa
Specific heat 0.11 Btu/lbm F 460 J/kg C
Yield stress 30 10
3
psi 207 10
6
Pa
L1.51
Abaqus Conventions
Time measures
Abaqus keeps track of both total time in an analysis and step time for
each analysis step.
Time is physically meaningful for some analysis procedures, such as
transient dynamics.
Time is not physically meaningful for some procedures. In rate-
independent, static procedures time is just a convenient, monotonically
increasing measure for incrementing loads.
L1.52
Abaqus Conventions
local rectangular
coordinate system
with YSYMM
boundary conditions
Boundary conditions on a skew edge
Coordinate systems
For boundary conditions and
point loads, the default
coordinate system is the
rectangular Cartesian system.
Alternative local
rectangular, cylindrical,
and spherical systems can
be defined.
These local directions do
not rotate with the
material in large-
displacement analyses.
L1.53
Abaqus Conventions
For material directions (i.e., directions
associated with an elements material or
integration points) the default coordinate
system depends on the element type:
Solid elements use global
rectangular Cartesian system.
Shell and membrane elements use
a projection of the global Cartesian
system onto the surface.
Default material directions for shell and
membrane elements
Default material directions for solid elements
L1.54
Abaqus Conventions
Alternative rectangular,
cylindrical, and spherical
coordinate systems may be
defined.
Affects input: anisotropic
material directions.
Affects output: stress/strain
output directions.
Local material directions
rotate with the material in
large-displacement
analyses.
2
1
L1.55
Abaqus Conventions
Degrees of freedom
Primary solution variables at the nodes.
Available nodal degrees of freedom depend on the element type.
Each degree of freedom is labeled with a number: 1=x-displacement,
2=y-displacement, 11=temperature, etc.
Documentation
L1.57
Documentation
Primary reference materials
All documentation is available in HTML and PDF
format
Abaqus Analysis Users Manual
Abaqus/CAE Users Manual
Abaqus Example Problems Manual
Abaqus Benchmarks Manual
Abaqus Verification Manual
Abaqus Keywords Reference Manual
Abaqus User Subroutines Reference Manual
Abaqus Theory Manual
The documentation is available through the Help
menu on the main menu bar of Abaqus/CAE.
L1.58
Documentation
Additional reference materials
Abaqus Installation and Licensing Guide (print version available)
Installation instructions
Abaqus Release Notes
Explains changes since previous release
Advanced lecture notes on various topics (print only)
Tutorials
Getting Started with Abaqus: Interactive Edition
Getting Started with Abaqus: Keywords Edition
Programming
Scripting and GUI Toolkit manuals
SIMULIA home page
www.simulia.com
L1.59
Documentation
HTML documentation
The documentation for Abaqus is organized into a collection, with
manuals grouped by function.
Viewed through a web browser.
Can search entire collection or individual manuals
L1.60
Searching the documentation
Enter one or more search terms in the search field
Documentation
Terms in the search field:
Appear in any order
May or may not be adjacent
Appear within the proximity criterion
(default is a single section)
The table of contents
entry is highlighted
The text frame displays the
corresponding section
L1.61
Searching the documentation (contd)
Use quotes to search for exact strings
Documentation
L1.62
Documentation
Advanced search
Advanced search allows you to control the proximity criterion
L1.63
Documentation
Advanced search (contd)
L1.65
The Abaqus environment settings allow you to control various aspects
of an Abaqus jobs execution.
For example, setting a directory to be used for scratch files, changing
the default memory settings, etc.
Environment settings hierarchy
Abaqus environment settings are processed in the following order:
The host-level environment settings in the site directory in the
abaqus account directory. These settings are applied to all Abaqus
jobs run on the designated computer.
The user-level environment settings in the home directory. These
settings are applied to all Abaqus jobs run in your account.
The job-level environment settings in the current working directory.
These settings are applied to only the designated Abaqus job.
The host-level environment settings are included in the release.
You can create an environment file abaqus_v6.env in your home
directory and/or current directory.
L1.66
Note: The value of the SCRATCH parameter is platform specific.
On UNIX platforms the default value is the value of the $TMPDIR
environment variable or /tmp if this variable is not defined. For
example,
scratch="/tmp"
On Windows platforms the default value is the value of the %TEMP%
environment variable or \TEMP if this variable is not defined. For
example,
scratch="c:\\temp"
For information on environment file settings refer to:
Using the Abaqus environment settings, Section 3.3.1 of the Abaqus
Analysis User's Manual.
L1.68
The Abaqus fetch utility allows you to extract sample Abaqus files that
are provided with each release.
Files that may be extracted include input files, journal files, model
databases, etc. corresponding to the Abaqus Example, Benchmark, and
Verification problems.
The utility may also be used to extract scripts that create complete
models corresponding to each workshop of this course.
The answer script name is noted at the end of each workshop.
To use the fetch utility enter the following command at the operating
system prompt:
abaqus fetch job=filename
where abaqus is the command used to run Abaqus on your system.
For example, Abaqus release 6.10-1 it might be aliased to abq6101.
L1.70
Must Have Parts At least one
Must Have Materials At least one
Must Have Sections At least one
Must Have Section Assignments Made at the part level (container)
Must Have Assembly (Instances) At least one part
Must Have Steps (after Initial) Initial created for you
Usually Need BCs (Boundary Conditions) Can be in Initial Step
Usually Need Loads In Steps after the Initial
Must Have Mesh Can be done on part or assembly
Must Have Jobs To actually run the analysis
L1.72
The Model Tree is a convenient tool for navigating
and managing your models and analysis results.
The Model Tree provides a visual description of
the hierarchy of items in a model.
The arrangement of the containers and items in
the Model Tree reflects the order in which you are
likely to create your model.
A similar logic governs the order of modules
in the module menuyou create parts before
you create the assembly, and you create
steps before you create loads.
L1.73
Example: The following figure shows a suggested
order to create the cantilever beam model .
(Note: This order is not unique.)
L1.74
Alternatively, follow the order of modules in the module menu to create
the model.
Create the
part geometry
Position the part for
initial configuration.
Mesh the part
Define analysis steps
and output requests
Define materials
Define and assign sections
to parts or regions
Not applicable for this
example
Apply loads and
BCs to regions
or named sets;
and assign them
to steps in the
analysis history
Submit, manage, and
monitor analysis jobs
Examine
results
Step Load
Visualization
Interaction
Job
Part Assembly Property
Mesh
Workshop 1: Linear Static Analysis of
a Cantilever Beam
L1.76
Workshop tasks
Follow detailed instructions to create a simple cantilever beam model
using the Abaqus/CAE modules.
Submit a job for analysis.
View the analysis results.
Workshop 1: Linear Static Analysis of a Cantilever Beam

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