Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tahun : 2007
Versi : Revisi
Pertemuan 07
Pendugaan Parameter
1
Learning Outcomes
2
Outline Materi
• Pendugaan Titik
• Pendugaan Selang : nilai tengah, proporsi
dan ragam.
3
Point Estimation
4
Sampling Error
• The absolute difference between an unbiased point
estimate and the corresponding population
parameter is called the sampling error.
• Sampling error is the result of using a subset of the
population (the sample), and not the entire population
to develop estimates.
• The sampling errors are:
for sample mean
|x|
| s - for sample standard deviation
for sample proportion
| p p|
5
Interval Estimation
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Interval Estimate of a Population
Mean:
Large-Sample Case (n > 30)
• With Known
x z /2
n
where: x is the sample mean
1 - is the confidence coefficient
z/2 is the z value providing an area of
/2 in the upper tail of the standard
normal probability distribution
is the population standard deviation
n is the sample size 7
Interval Estimate of a Population Mean:
Large-Sample Case (n > 30)
• With Unknown
In most applications the value of the
population standard deviation is unknown. We
simply use the value of the sample standard
deviation, s, as the point estimate of the
population standard deviation.
s
x z /2
n
8
Interval Estimation of a Population
Mean:
Small-Sample Case (n < 30) with
Unknown
• Interval Estimate
s
x t /2
n
where 1 - = the confidence coefficient
t/2 = the t value providing an area of /2
in the upper tail of a t distribution
with n - 1 degrees of freedom
s = the sample standard deviation
9
Interval Estimation
of a Population Proportion
• Interval Estimate
p (1 p )
p z / 2
where: n
1 - is the confidence coefficient
z/2 is the z value providing an area of
/2 in the upper tail of the
standard normal probability
distribution
is the sample proportion
p 10
Point Estimator of the Difference
Between
the Means of Two Populations
where:
s12 s22
sx1 x2
n1 n2
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Interval Estimate of 1 - 2:
Small-Sample Case (n1 < 30
and/or n2 < 30)
x1 x2 z / 2 x1 x2
where:
1 1
x1 x2 ( )
2
n1 n2
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Interval Estimate of 1 - 2:
Small-Sample Case (n1 < 30
and/or n2 < 30)
where:
2 2
2 1 1 ( n 1) s ( n 1) s
sx1 x2 s ( ) s2 1 1 2 2
n1 n2 n1 n2 2
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• Selamat Belajar Semoga Sukses.
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