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6.013/ESD.013J Electromagnetics and Applications, Fall 2005
Consider force on moving charge in reference frame (denoted as prime (') frame)
moving at charge velocity v . Then f = qE as in the moving frame the relative
velocity is zero.
f = f qE = q ( E + v + B ) E = E + v + B
in primed frame: J = E = E + v B
J = J = (E + v B)
Lecture 18
Page 1 of 20
Moving Contour C
d
E ' i dl = dt B i n da
v =
d
B h
dt
B and n in opposite directions
v = B h
d
= B h V
dt
Stationary Contour C
d
E i dl = dt B i n da = 0
C'
S'
v + v B
h=0
v = B h V
Lecture 18
Page 2 of 20
B0 =
0 N if
s
J = E + v B E =
E i dl =
Er dr +
1
ir
J
v B Er =
rB 0
2 dr
E i dl = 0
3
vr
vr =
R0
Ri
Er dr =
ir
2 dr
R B 0
ir
rB 0 dr =
ln 0
R 20 R i2
2
d
R
2
)
Lecture 18
Page 3 of 20
= irR r G if
ln
R0
Ri
,
2 d
Rr =
G=
0N 2
R 0 R i2
2s
v 0c =
isc =
B 0
R 0 2 R i2 1.9 V
2
v 0c 2 d
3 x 105 amp
R0
ln
Ri
T=
R0
= ir B 0 i z
r ir J B r dr d dz
= 0 z = 0 r =R i
R0
r dr
Ri
_
ir B 0
R 02 R i2 i z
2
= G if ir i z
Lecture 18
Page 4 of 20
if = ir i
L
di
+ i (R G ) = 0 ; R = R r + R f
dt
L = Lr + L f
R G ] t / L
i ( t ) = I0 e [
G > R
Self-Excited
Lecture 18
Page 5 of 20
di1
+ (R G ) i1 + G i2 = 0
dt
di2
+ (R G ) i2 G i1 = 0
dt
Lecture 18
Page 6 of 20
i1 = I1 e st , i2 = I2 e st
(Ls + R G ) I1
+ G I2 = 0
GI1 + (Ls + R G) I2 = 0
(Ls + R G)
+ ( G ) = 0
2
Ls + R G = jG
s=
(R G) j G
L
I1
G
=
= j
I2
(Ls + R G)
Lecture 18
Page 7 of 20
di (R Gg g ) i Gm m If
+
=
dt
L
L
6.013, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion
Prof. Markus Zahn
Lecture 18
Page 8 of 20
d m
= Gm I f i
dt
i = I est , m = W est
R G g g
Gm If
I s +
W
=0
L
L
G I
I m f + Ws = 0
J
R G g g ( G m If )
s s +
=0
+
L
JL
(R G
s=
g )
2L
R G 2 ( G I )2
g
g
m f
2L
JL
Self-excitation: Gg g > R
Oscillations if s has an imaginary part:
( Gm If )
JL
R G g g
>
2L
Lecture 18
Page 9 of 20
E i dl = dt B i n da
Lecture 18
Page 10 of 20
1. Field Winding
E i dl = v
if
dl = v f + if R f
A
winding
f = B i n da = L f if
S
v f + if R f = L f
vf = L f
dif
dt
dif
+ if R f
dt
2. Armature Winding
Lecture 18
Page 11 of 20
Reminder: f = q E + v B = qE '
E' = E + v B
Take Stationary Contour through armature winding
E = E' v B
E i dl = v
(E ' v B) i dl
b
_
i
= va + a + R Br i z i dl ;
A
v = R i
B = ir Br ( )
= va + ia R a + R (Brf )av lN
=
di
d
B i da = L a a
dt S
dt
dia
+ G if
dt
B. Mechanical Equations
v a = ia R a + L a
F = i Jz Br = i
(G i
_
ia
Br , f = F A w l = i ia lBr
Aw
T = f R = ia lBr R N = Gif ia
d2
= T = Gif ia
dt2
C. Linear Amplifier
1) Open Circuit
v f = Vf , ia = 0 if = Vf R f
va = G Vf R f
Lecture 18
Page 12 of 20
ia =
G Vf
R f (R a + R L )
va =
G Vf R L
R f (R a + R L )
D. DC Motors
1) Shunt Excitation: va = v f = v t
v t = if R f = ia R a + G if
if (R f G) = ia R a
if =
Vt
V (R f G)
, ia = t
Rf
Rf
Ra
2
V
T = Gif ia = G t
Rf
(R f
G )
Ra
Lecture 18
Page 13 of 20
2) Series: ia = if = it
it (R f + R a + G) = vt
it =
vt
(R f + R a + G )
T = G it2 = G
(R f
v t2
+ R a + G )
Lecture 18
Page 14 of 20
Lecture 18
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Lecture 18
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Lecture 18
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Lecture 18
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Lecture 18
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Lecture 18
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