1. Build the bus impedance matrix for the network shown in Figure 1.

Reactance
values shown are in per unit.

Figure 1
1
Z bus = j 1 [0.2]

p = 0; q = 1

1
Z bus = j 1
2

p = 0; q = 2

0.2 0
0 0.3

p = 1; q = 2
Eliminating the l th bus
1
Z bus = j

1
2
l

0
0.2
0.2
0
0.3 0.3 ;

0.2 0.3
1

1
2
3

2
1
3
0.16 0.06 0.16
0.06 0.21 0.06

0.16 0.06 0.31

p = 1; q = 3

Z bus = j

Z bus = j

2
1
1 0.16 0.06

2 0.06 0.21

2. The per unit bus impedance matrix for the power system in Figure 2 is given below :

Figure 2
1
1
2
3

Z bus = j

0.0450 0.0075 0.0300

0.0075 0.06375 0.0300

0.0300 0.0300 0.2100

A three-phase fault occurs at bus 3 through a fault impedance of Zf = j0.19 per unit.
Using the bus impedance matrix calculate the fault current, bus voltages, and line
currents during fault.
1
= j2.5 p.u.
j0.21 + j0.19
I F = I 3 ( F ) = j2.5 p.u.

I 3( F ) =

V1 ( F ) = 1.0
V2 ( F ) = 1.0
V3 ( F ) =

Z13
Z 33 + ZF
Z23
Z 33 + ZF

= 1.0

0.03
= 0.925 p.u.
0.21 + 0.19

= 1.0

0.03
= 0.925 p.u.
0.21 + 0.19

ZF
0.19
=
= 0.475 p.u.
Z 3 3 + Z F 0.21 + 0.19

I 12 =

0.925 0.925
= 0 p.u.
j0.75

I 13 =

0.925 0.475
= j1.5 p.u.
j0.3

I 23 =

0.925 0.475
= j1.0 p.u.
j0.45

3. The per unit bus impedance matrix for the power system in Figure 3 is given below :

Figure 3
1

Z bus = j

1
2
3
4

0.240 0.140
0.140 0.2275

0.200 0.175

0.200 0.1750

0.200 0.200
0.175 0.175
0.310 0.310

0.310 0.500

(a) A bolted three-phase fault occurs at bus 4. Using the bus impedance matrix
calculate the fault current, bus voltages, and line currents during fault.
(b) Repeat (a) for three-phase fault at bus 2 with fault impedance of Zf = j0.0225 per
unit.
(a)
1
= j2 p.u.
j0.5
I F = I 3 ( F ) = j2 p.u.
I 4( F ) =

V1 ( F ) = 1.0

V2 ( F )
V3 ( F )
V4 ( F )

Z14

= 1.0

0.2
= 0.6 p.u.
0.5

Z 44
Z
0.175
= 1.0 24 = 1.0
= 0.65 p.u.
Z 44
0.5
Z
0.31
= 1.0 34 = 1.0
= 0.38 p.u.
Z 44
0.5
Z
0
= F =
= 0 p.u.
Z 44 0.5

I 21 =

0.65 0.6
= j0.1 p.u.
j0.5

I 13 =

0.6 0.38
= j1.1 p.u.
j0.2

I 23 =

0.65 0.38
= j0.9 p.u.
j0.3

I 34 =

0.38 0
= j2 p.u.
j0.19

(b)
1
= j4 p.u.
j0.2275 + j0.0225
I F = I 3 ( F ) = j4 p.u.

I 2( F ) =

V1 ( F ) = 1.0

Z 12
0.14
= 1.0
= 0.44 p.u.
Z 22 + Z F
0.2275 + 0.0225

ZF
0.0225
=
= 0.09 p.u.
Z 22 + Z F 0.2275 + 0.0225
Z 32
0.175
= 1.0
= 1.0
= 0.3 p.u.
Z 22 + Z F
0.2275 + 0.0225
Z 42
0.175
= 1.0
= 1.0
= 0.3 p.u.
Z 22 + Z F
0.2275 + 0.0225

V2 ( F ) =
V3 ( F )
V4 ( F )

I 12 =

0.44 0.09
= j0.7 p.u.
j0.5

I 13 =

0.44 0.3
= j0.7 p.u.
j0.2

I 32 =

0.3 0.09
= j0.7 p.u.
j0.3

I 34 =

0.3 0.3
= 0 p.u.
j0.19