TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

Nhm E

Quy phm ni t v ni khng cc thit b in

Code of Practice of ground conection and "O" conection of electrical equipments

1.
1.1.

1.2.

1.3.

1.4.

1.5.

Tiu chun ny p dng cho tt c cc thit b in xoay chiu c in p ln hn

42V v mt chiu c in p ln hn 110V v quy nh nhng yu cu i vi ni
t v ni khng.
Cc thut ng |c s dng trong tiu chun ny ph hp vi thut ng trong tiu
chun TCVN 3256- 1979 v thut ng trong ph lc 1 ca tiu chun ny.
Tiu chun ny thay th cho QPVN 13- 78.
Yu cu chung
Cc mng in xoay chiu din p n 1000V c th c im trung tnh ni t trc
tip hoc c im trung tnh cch ly. Cc mng in mt chiu c th c im gia
ni t trc tip hoc c im gia cch ly; cn cc ngun in mt pha c th c
mt u ra ni t trc tip hoc c c hai u ra cch ly.
Trong mng in ba pha bn dy v mng in mt chiu ba dy bt buc phi ni
t trc tip im trung tnh hoc ni t trc tip im gia ngun in.
Cc thit b in |c cung cp in t mng c in p n 1000V c im trung
tnh ni t trc tip hoc t cc ngun in mt pha c u ra ni t trc tip cng
nh| t cc mng mt chiu ba dy c im gia ni t trc tip cn phi |c ni
"khng".
Trong mng in c in p n 1000V c im trung tnh cch ly hoc ngun in
mt pha c cc u ra |c cch ly vi t cng nh| cc mng in mt chiu c
im gia |c cch ly vi t |c s dng cung cp in cho cc thit b in
trong tr|ng hp c nhng yu cu v an ton in cao (nh| cc thit b in di
ng, khai thc than v m). Cc thit b in phi |c ni t kt hp vi kim tra
cch in ca mng hoc s dng my ct in bo v.
Cc thit b in trong mng c in p ln hn 1000V c im trung tnh cch ly
phi |c ni t.
Trong mng in ny phi c bin php pht hin nhanh ngn mch chm t. Thit
b bo v chng ngn mch chm t phi tc ng ct (theo ton b mng lin
quan) trong tr|ng hp cn thit do yu cu an ton (nh| i vi |ng dy cung
cp in cho cc trm, cc my di ng v khai thc than).
Cc thit b in trong mng c in p trn 1000V c im trung tnh ni t hiu
qu phi |c ni t bo v.
Nhng b phn sau y cn |c ni t hoc ni "khng":
a) V my in, v my bin p, cc kh c in, cc thit b chiu sng v.v...
b) B phn truyn ng ca cc thit b in;
c) Cc cun th cp ca my bin p o l|ng;
d) Khung ca t phn phi in, bng iu khin, bng in v t in, cng nh|
cc b phn c th tho ra |c hoc h nu nh| trn c t cc thit b
in.

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

1.6.

1.7.

1.8.

TCVN 4756 : 1989

e) Nhng kt cu kim loi ca thit b phn phi, kt cu t cp, nhng u mi

bng kim loi ca cp, v kim loi v v bc ca cp lc v cp kim tra; V kim
loi ca dy dn in, ng kim loi lun dy dn in, v v gi ca thanh ci
dn in, cc mng, hp, cc dy cp thp v cc thanh thp dy cp v dy
dn in (tr cc dy dn, dy cp v cc thanh t dy cp trn c v kim
loi hoc v bc |c ni t hoc ni khng) cng nh| cc kt cu kim loi
khc trn t cc thit b in.
f) V kim loi ca cc my in di ng v cm tay.
g) Cc thit b in |c t cc b phn a; ng ca my v cc c cu.
Khng yu cu ni t hoc ni "khng" cho nhng b phn sau:
a) Cc thit b in xoay chiu c in p n 380V v mt chiu c in p n
440V trong cc phng t nguy him v in.
b) V ca thit b in, dng c in v cc kt cu lp rp in |c t trn cc
kt cu kim loi, trn cc thit b phn phi, trn cc khung, t, bng iu khin,
trn b my cng c v cc my ci |c ni t hoc ni "khng" vi iu
kin bo m tip xc v in chc chn vi h thng ni t hoc ni "khng"
chnh.
c) Tt c cc kt cu |c nu ra mc e) iu 1.5 vi iu kin gia cc kt cu
ny, v thit b in |c ni t hoc ni "khng" |c t trn cc kt cu
c mi tip xc in chc chn. Trong tr|ng hp ny tt c cc kt cu |c
nu trn khng th s dng ni t hoc ni "khng" cho cc thit b in
khc |c t trn n.
d) Tt c ph kin ca cch in cc dng khc nhau, thanh ging, gi , ph tng
ca thit b chiu sng |c lp t trn cc ct in ngoi tri bng g hoc
trn kt cu bng g ca trm in ngoi tri, nu nh| khng yu cu nhng kt
cu ny phi |c bo v chng qu in p kh quyn.
Khi lp dy cp c v kim loi |c ni t hoc dy ni t khng c cch
in trn ct g th nhng b phn k trn phi |c ni t hay ni "khng".
e) Nhng b phn c th tho ra hoc m ra |c ca cc khung kim loi ca
bung phn phi, t; ro chn v.v... nu nh| trn cc b phn khng t thit
b in hoc cc thit b in |c lp trn c in p xoay chiu khng ln
hn 42V v mt chiu khng ln hn 110V.
f) V dng c in c cch in kp.
g) Cc loi mc, kp bng kim loi, cc on ng bng kim loi bo v cp
nhng ch cp xuyn t|ng, trn ngn v cc chi tit t|ng t, k c cc hp ni
v r nhnh kch th|c n 100cm2, nhng dy cp hay dy dn c v bc cch
in t chm trong t|ng trn ngn hay cc phn t khc ca cng trnh xy
dng.
ni t cc thit b in c chc nng khc nhau v in p khc nhau, t cnh
nhau, nn s dng mt trang b ni t chung.
Trang b ni t chung ca cc thit b in c chc nng v in p khc nhau phi
tho mn tt c cc yu cu i vi ni t cc thit b ny v bo v ng|i, v m
bo ch lm vic ca mng in v bo v chng qu in p, v.v...
ni t cho cc thit b in tr|c ht nn s dng ni t t nhin. Nu nh|
trong tr|ng hp ny in tr ca thit b ni t hoc in p chm t gi tr cho

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

php v bo m |c gi tr in p quy nh trn trang b ni t, th nhng in

cc ni t nhn to ch s dng khi cn phi gim mt dng in chy qua in
cc ni t t nhin .
Khi tnh ton ni t cn la chn din tch t trang b ni t mt cch hp l
m bo yu cu an ton v gim chi ph lp t.
1.9.
Nhng yu cu ca tiu chun ny v in tr ca trang b ni t v in p chm
cn phi |c m bo trong iu kin bt li nht.
in tr sut ca t dng tnh ton phi ly t|ng ng vi tr s ca n vo thi
k m in tr ni t hay in p chm c gi tr ln nht.
1.10. Khi thc hin ni t v ni khng phi p dng cc bin php san bng th.
san bng th, trong cc phn x|ng v cc thit b ngoi tri |c ni t v ni
"khng", th tt c cc kt cu kim loi ca nh x|ng, cc ng dn |c t c nh
c cng dng khc nhau v kim loi ca cc thit b cng ngh, cc |ng ray ca
cu trc v |ng st cc kt cu ni t t nhin v.v... cn phi |c ni vi l|i
ni t hoc ni "khng".
Trong tr|ng hp ny ch cn dng cc cu ni ni cc b phn trn vi l|i ni
t hay ni "khng".
1.11. Ni t hoc ni "khng" cho cc thit b in t trn ct |ng dy trn khng
(my bin p lc, my bin p o l|ng, dao cch ly, cu chy, t in v cc thit
b khc) phi |c thc hin theo cc yu cu ca tiu chun |c ban hnh v
cc quy nh trong tiu chun ny.
in tr ca trang b ni t cho cc ct |ng dy trn khng trn c t cc
thit b in phi tho mn nhng yu cu i vi ni t ca cc thit b in t|ng
ng.
Cc thit b in t trn ct |ng dy trn khng trong mng in ba pha in p
n 1000V c trung tnh ni t trc tip v trong mng in mt pha c u ra ca
ngun ni t phi |c ni "khng".
1.12. Khi khng th thc hin ni t hay ni khng tha mn yu cu ca tiu chun ny
hay thc hin gp kh khn, khng kinh t th cho php dng mt trong cc bin
php hay kt hp cc bin php bo v sau y: my ct in an ton, san bng th
(san bng th t nhin hoc san bng th nhn to), cch in ch lm vic (sn
cch in). Cc thit b in cng sut nh trong mng in c in p n l c
trung tnh ni t trc tip nu thc hin ni khng gp kh khn th cho php ni
t bo v.
2. Ni t cc thit bi in
2.1.
Ni t cc thit b in c in p ln hn 1000V trong mng din c trung tnh
ni
2.1.1. Trang b ni t ca thit b in c in p ln hn 1000V trong mng in c
trung tnh ni t hiu qu phi m bo tr s in tr ni t v tr s in p
chm cng nh| in p trn trang b ni t v cc bin php kt cu. Nhng yu
cu ny khng p dng cho cc trang b ni t cc ct in ca |ng dy ti
in
2.1.2.

in tr ca trang b ni t khng |c ln hn 0,5 : trong bt c thi gian no

trong nm, c tnh n in tr ni t t nhin. in tr ca ni t nhn to
khng |c v|t qu 1:.

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

2.1.3.

2.1.4.

2.1.5.

2.1.6.

TCVN 4756 : 1989

Trang b ni t phi m bo tr s in p chm khng ln hn gi tr quy nh

trong bt k thi gian no trong nm khi c dng in ngn mch chy qua.
Khi xc nh gi tr cho php ca in p chm th thi gian tc dng tnh ton
phi ly bng tng thi gian tc ng ca bo v v thi gian ct ton phn ca
my ct.
xc nh gi in p chm cho php ch lm vic ca cng nhn khi thc
hin cc thao tc ng ct c th xut hin ngn mch ra cc kt cu m nhn vin
vn hnh c th chm ti, th thi gian tc ng ca bo v phi ly bng thi gian
tc ng ca bo v d tr. i vi nhng ch lm vic cn li th ly thi gian
ny bng thi gian tc ng ca bo v chnh.
in p trn trang b ni t khi c dng in ngn mch chm t chy qua
khng |c ln hn 10kV. Trong tr|ng hp loi tr |c kh nng truyn in t
trang b ni t ra ngoi phm vi cc nh v hng ro bn ngoi ca cc thit b
in th cho php in p trn trang b ni t ln hn 10kV. Khi in p trn cc
trang b ni t ln hn 5kV phi c bin php bo v cch in cho cc |ng
cp thng tin v h thng iu khin t xa t thit b in i ra v cc bin php
khc phc hin t|ng lan truyn in th nguy him ra ngoi phm vi bo v ca
thit b in.
san bng th v m bo ni thit b in vi in cc ni t, trn din tch t
thit b in phi t cc in cc ni t nm ngang theo chiu di v chiu rng
ca din tch v ni cc im cc vi nhau thnh l|i ni t.
Cc in cc ni t theo chiu di phi |c t gia cc dy thit b in, v
pha i li vn hnh, su t 0,5m n 0,7m v cch mng y b t thit b t
0,8 n 1,0m. Nu cc thit b in |c t thnh cc dy, c li i gia, cn
khong cch gia hai dy (hng) khng qu 3m th cho php t mt in cc san
bng th chung gia cho hai dy thit b.
Cc in cc ni t theo chiu rng phi |c t nhng v tr thun tin gia
cc thit b in 0,5 n 0,7m k t mt t. Khong cch gia chng |c
ly tng ln t chu vi n trung tm ca l|i ni t. Khi khong cch u tin
v khong cch tip theo k t chu vi khng |c v|t qu 4,5; 6; 7; 9; 11; 13,5;
16 v 20m. Kch th|c ca cc l|i tip gip vi ch ni im trung tnh ca
my bin p lc v dao ngn mch vi trang b ni t khng |c v|t qu 6 x
6m2.
Trong mi tr|ng hp, khong cch gia cc in cc nhn to nm ngang khng
|c ln hn 30m.
Cc in cc nm ngang phi |c t theo bin ca din tch t trang b ni t
chng to thnh mt mch vng khp kn.
Nu mch vng ni t b tr trong phm vi hng ro pha ngoi ca thit b in
th d|i cc ca ra vo, st vi in cc nm ngang ngoi cng ca mch vng
phi t thm hai cc ni t san bng th. Hai cc ni t ny phi c di
t 2,3m - 5m v khong cch gia chng phi bng chiu rng ca ca ra vo.
Vic lp t trang b ni t phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:
- Cc dy ni t ni thit b hoc cc kt cu vi cc ni t phi t
su khng nh hn 0,3m.
- Phi t mt mch vng ni t nm ngang bao quanh ch ni t trung tnh
ca my bin p lc v dao ngn mch.

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

Khi trang b ni t v|t ra ngoi phm vi hng ro thit b in th cc in

cc ni t nm ngang pha ngoi din tch t thit b in phi |c t
su khng nh hn 1m. Mch vng ni t ngoi cng trong tr|ng hp ny
nn c dng a gic c gc t hoc c gc ln.
2.1.7. Khng phi ni hng ro bn ngoi ca thit b in vi trang b ni t. Nu c
cc |ng dy ti in trn khng c in p 110kV v ln hn t thit b in i
ra th hng ro ny phi |c ni t bng cc cc ni t c chiu di t 2- 3m v
|c chn cnh cc tr ca hng ro theo ton b chu vi v cch nhau t 20 n
50m mt cc. Khng yu cu t cc ni t ny i vi cc hng ro c cc tr
bng kim loi hoc bng b tng ct thp, nu cc ct thp ca cc tr ny |c
ni vi cc chi tit kim loi ca hng ro.
loi tr lin h v in gia hng ro bn ngoi vi trang b ni t th khong
cch t hng ro n cc chi tit ca trang b ni t b tr dc theo hng ro
pha trong hay pha ngoi hoc hai pha ca hng ro khng |c nh hn 2m.
Cc in cc ni t, cc dy cp c v bc kim loi, |ng ng kim loi khc i
ra ngoi phm vi ca hng ro phi |c b tr gia cc tr ca hng ro, su
khng |c nh hn 0,5m. Nhng ni tip gip gia hng ro pha ngoi vi cc
nh v cc cng trnh xy dng, cng nh| nhng ni tip gip gia hng ro pha
ngoi vi hng ro kim loi pha trong phi |c xy gch hay lp bng g vi
chiu di khng nh hn 1m.
2.1.8. Nu nh| trang thit b ni t ca thit b in cng nghip hoc ca cc thit b
in khc |c ni vi ni t ca thit b in c in p ln hn 1kV c trung
tnh ni t hiu qu bng dy cp c v bc bng kim loi, hoc bng cc dy
kim loi khc th vic san bng th khu vc xung quanh cc thit b in hoc
xung quanh cc nh c b tr cc thit b in ny phi tho mn mt trong nhng
iu kin sau y:
a) t mt mch vng ni t xung quanh nh hay xung quanh din tch t thit
b v ni mch vng ny vi cc kt cu kim loi ca cng trnh xy dng, thit
b sn xut v vi l|i ni t (ni khng). Mch vng phi |c t su
1m v cch mng nh hay chu vi ch t thit b l 1m. ca ra vo nh phi
t hai dy ni t cch mch vng ni t 1 v 2m su t|ng ng l 1 v
1,5m v phi ni nhng dy ni t ny vi mch vng.
b) Cho php dng mng b tng ct thp lm ni t, nu nh| bo m |c yu
cu v san bng th.
Khng phi thc hin nhng iu kin nu ra mc a v mc b nu nh| xung
quanh nh v cc ca ra vo nh |c ri nha |ng.
2.2.
Ni t cc thit b in c in p ln hn 1000V trong mng in c trung tnh
cch ly.
2.2.1. in tr ni t ca thit b in c in p ln hn 1000V trong mng in c
trung tnh cch ly c tnh n in tr ni t t nhin bt k thi gian no trong
nm khi c dng in ngn mch chm t chy qua khng |c ln hn:
- Trong tr|ng hp trang b ni t |c s dng ng thi cho c thit b in
c in p n 1000V.
R

250
,:
I

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

Trong tr|ng hp ny vn phi thc hin nhng yu cu v ni t (ni khng)

cho cc thit b in c in p n 1000V.
Trong tr|ng hp trang b ni t ch s dng cho thit b in c in p ln
hn 1000V.
R

2.2.2.

2.2.3.

2.3.
2.3.1.

2.3.2.

250
,:
I

nh|ng khng ln hn 10
y:
R- in tr ln nht ca trang b ni t,
I- dng in ngn mch chm t tnh ton, A
Dng in ngn mch tnh ton |c chn nh| sau:
a) Trong mng in khng c b dng in in dung th dng in tnh ton s
l dng in tng ngn mch chm t.
b) Trong mng in c b dng in in dung:
- i vi trang b ni t c ni vi thit b b th dng din tnh ton s ly
bng 125% dng in danh nh ca cc thit b b .
- i vi trang b ni t khng ni vi cc thit b b th dng in tnh ton
s l dng in d| ca dng ngn mch chm t khi ct thit b b c cng
sut ln nht trong s cc thit b b hoc khi ct phn mng in r nhnh.
Dng in tnh ton c th ly bng dng in chy ca cu chy hoc bng
dng in tc ng ca rle bo v ngn mch chm t mt pha hoc l ngn
mch gia cc pha, nu nh| trong tr|ng hp sau thit b bo v bo m ngt
|c ngn mch chm t. Dng in ngn mch chm t trong tr|ng hp
ny khng |c nh hn 1,5 ln dng in tc ng ca rle bo v hoc ba
ln dng in danh nh ca cu chy.
Dng in ngn mch chm t tnh ton cn phi |c xc nh theo s
vn hnh l|i in khi dng in ngn mch c tr s ln nht.
i vi cc thit b in h c in p ln hn 1000V trong mng in c trung
tnh cch ly cn phi t ni t thnh mt vng xung quanh in tch t thit b
su khng nh hn 0,5m v mch vng ny |c ni vi thit b cn ni t.
Khi t c in tr sut ln hn 500 :m, nu nh| in tr ca trang b ni t ln
hn 10: th phi t thm cc in cc ni t dc theo cc dy thit b v pha i
li vn hnh su 0,5m v cch mng hoc cch b t thit b 0,8 n 1,0m.
Ni t cc thit b in c in p n 1000V c trung tnh ni t trc tip
im trung tnh ca my pht, my bin p v pha in p n 1000V phi |c
ni vi cc ni t bng dy ni t. Tit din ca dy ni t khng |c nh hn
quy nh bng 1 ca tiu chun ny.
Khng cho php s dng dy khng lm vic i t im trung tnh ca my pht
hoc my bin p n bng lp thit b phn phi lm dy ni t ca my bin p
hoc my pht.
Cc cc ni t phi |c t trc tip gn my. Trong tr|ng ring (v d cc
trm trong phn x|ng) th cho php t cc ni t trc tip cnh t|ng nh.
in tr ca trang b ni t ni vi im trung tnh ca my pht hoc my bin
p hoc u ra ca ngun in mt pha bt k thi im no trong nm khng

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

|c ln hn 2; 4 v 8:, t|ng ng vi in p dy l 660; 380 v 220V i vi

ngun in ba pha; hoc 380; 220 v 127 V i vi ngun in mt pha. Gi tr
in tr ny |c php tnh n c ni t t nhin v ni t lp li cho dy
khng ca |ng dy ti in trn khng in p n 1000V khi s |ng dy i
ra khng t hn hai. Khi c in tr ca trang b ni t |c t ngay d|i hay
bn cnh my pht, my bin p hoc u ra ca ngun in mt pha: khng |c
ln hn: 15; 30 v 60: t|ng ng khi in p dy: 660; 380 v 220V i vi
ngun in ba pha v 380; 220 v 127V i vi ngun in mt pha.
Khi in tr sut ca t ln hn 100:m cho php tng in tr ni t quy nh
trn ln 0,01U ln, nh|ng khng |c ln hn m|i ln ( U tnh bng :m).
2.4.
Ni t cc thit b in c in p n 1000V trong mng c trung tnh cch ly
2.4.1. in tr ca trang b ni t s dng ni t thit b in khng |c ln hn
4:.
Trong tr|ng hp cng sut ca my pht hoc my bin p l 100kVA v nh
hn th cho php in tr ca trang b ni t khng ln hn 10:. Nu my pht
hoc my bin p lm vic song song th cho php in tr l 10: khi tng cng
sut ca chng khng ln hn 100kVA.
2.5.
Ni t cc thit b in nhng vng c in tr sut ln
2.5.1. Trang b ni t ca cc thit b in c in p ln hn 1000V trong mng c
im trung tnh ni t hiu qu nhng vng t c in tr sut ln cho php
thc hin ch theo yu cu i vi in p chm.
Trong cc vng t c th cho php t cc in cc ni t nng hn so vi
yu cu nh|ng khng |c nh hn 0,15m. Ngoi ra khng cn b tr cc cc ni
t cc ca ra vo.
2.5.2. Vic lp t cc cc ni t nhn to cc vng t c in tr sut ln cn |c
thc hin theo cc ph|ng php sau y:
a) Tng chiu di cc ni t nu nh| in tr sut ca t gim theo su.
b) t cc cc ni t xa, nu nh| xung quanh (n 2km) c ch t c in
tr sut nh hn.
c) Ci to t lm gim in tr sut ca t (dng bt st, bt bentont hoc
than ch... trn vi cc cht ph gia khc).
2.5.3. |c php tng gi tr in tr ca trang b ni t theo yu cu ca tiu chun
ny ln 0,002U ln nh|ng khng qu 10 ln (U tnh bng :m) khi t c in tr
sut ln hn 500:m i vi cc thit b in c in p ln hn 1000V v cc
thit b in c in p n 1000V c im trung tnh cch ly nu thc hin cc
bin php iu 2.5.2 c chi ph qu cao.
3. Ni "khng" cc thit b in
3.1.
ni "khng" cc thit b in, cc b phn kim loi ca thit b in |c dn ra
iu 15 phi |c ni vi dy "khng" bo v (hoc mch vng ni "khng") dn
t im trung tnh my pht hay my bin p (i vi mng in xoay chiu ba pha)
hoc t u ra |c ni t (i vi ngun mt pha), hoc t im gia |c ni t
(i vi mng in mt chiu).

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

3.2.

3.3.

3.4.
3.5.

3.6.

TCVN 4756 : 1989

Khi ni "khng" thit b in, m bo ngt t ng phn b s c th in dn

ca dy pha v dy "khng" bo v phi m bo khi c chm v hoc chm ra y
"khng" bo v, dng in ngn mch khng nh hn:
- 3 ln dng in danh nh ca b phn ngt khng iu chnh hoc dng chnh
nh ca b phn ngt c iu chnh ca ptmt c c tnh dng in |c.
- 3 ln dng in danh nh ca dy chy cu chy gn nht.
Dng in tc ng tc thi nhn vi h s xt n s sai lch (theo s liu nh
my) v nhn vi h s d tr l 1,1, khi bo v bng aptmt c b ngt in t.
Khi khng c s liu nh my th bi s dng in ngn mch so vi dng in
chnh nh phi ly khng nh hn 1,4 i vi aptmt c dng in danh nh n
100A v khng nh hn 1,25 i vi aptmt c dng in danh nh ln hn
100A.
in dn ton phn ca dy "khng" bo v trong tt c cc tr|ng hp khng |c
nh hn 50% in dn ca dy pha.
Khi tnh ton la chn dy chy hoc dng chnh nh ca ptmt bo v cc ng
c in cn xt nh h|ng ca tng tr mng in ti iu kin khi ng ca ng
c tng nhy ca thit b bo v.
Khi ni "khng" cho cc thit b v cc b phn trn |ng dy ti in trn khng
th phi ni vi dy "khng" lm vic |c lp trn cng ct in vi dy pha.
cui cc |ng dy cung cp in (hoc cc nhnh r) c chiu di ln hn 200m
cng nh| u vo t |ng dy n cc thit b in cn ni "khng" phi c ni
t lp li cho dy "khng" bo v (hoc dy "khng" lm vic, nu dy ny |c
dng ni "khng").
Trong tr|ng hp ny, tr|c ht nn s dng cc cc ni t t nhin nh| mng ct
v ni t chng st ca |ng dy. Ni t lp li cc phn x|ng nn ni vo
cc mch vng ni "khng" hay dy "khng" bo v hai im tr ln.
Nu nh| khng yu cu b tr ni t dy hn chng st th ni t lp li ch cn
t cc v tr trn.
Ni t lp li ca dy khng trong l|i in mt chiu phi l cc cc ni t
nhn to v cc cc ny khng |c ni vi cc |ng ng t ngm trong t.
|c php s dng trang b ni t chng st trn |ng dy in mt chiu lm
ni t lp li cho dy "khng".
Dy dn ni dy "khng" vi ni t lp li phi |c chn theo dng in lu
di c tr s khng nh hn 25A. m bo bn c hc, cc dy dn ny phi
c kch th|c khng nh hn kch th|c quy nh bng 1.
in tr ca tt c cc ni t lp li (k c ni t t nhin) cho dy "khng" ca
mi |ng dy trn khng bt k thi im no trong nm khng |c ln hn 5;
10 v 20: t|ng ng khi in p dy 660, 380 v 220V i vi ngun in ba pha
hoc 380; 220V v 127V i vi ngun in mt pha. Trong tr|ng hp ny in tr
ca mi cm ni t lp li khng |c ln hn 15; 30 v 60: t|ng ng vi cc
cp in p nu trn.
Khi in tr sut ca t ln hn 100:m th |c php tng tr s ca in tr quy
nh trn y ln 0,01U ln, nh|ng khng |c ln hn 10 ln (U o bng :m).

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

3.7.

3.8.

3.9.
3.10.

3.11.

3.12.

TCVN 4756 : 1989

nng cao mc an ton, nn s dng dy "khng" bo v ring, tch bit vi dy

"khng" lm vic (mng 3 pha 5 dy) hoc mt phn dy "khng" bo v, tch ring
ra t dy "khng" lm vic ni "khng" cho thit b in.
Khi dy "khng" bo v i song song v cnh cc dy pha th dy "khng" bo v
phi c cch in bng cch in dy pha. Trong tr|ng hp dy "khng" bo v
|c b tr hon ton tch bit vi dy pha v khng dng cp in cho ph ti
mt pha th dy ny khng cn cch in.
Dy "khng" bo v (hoc dy "khng" lm vic |c dng ni "khng" phi
|c chn theo dng in lm vic lu di. V v kt cu ca thanh dn v thanh
ci ca thit b phn phi trn b (t iu khin, bng phn phi, bng lp rp...)
cng nh| v nhm hoc v ch ca dy cp |c s dng lm dy "khng" lm
vic v dy "khng" bo v khng yu cu phi c cch in.
tng in dn mch pha dy khng cho php s dng dy dn khng cch in
t tch bit vi dy pha v dy "khng" lm vic lm dy "khng" bo v ring
nh|ng khng |c s dng dy dn ny cung cp in cho ph ti mt pha.
Khng |c php s dng dy "khng" bo v ca mt |ng dy ni "khng"
cho thit b |c cung cp in t |ng dy khc.
cn bng th phi ni tt c cc kt cu kim loi c sn trong khu vc t thit b
in v cc kt cu ni t t nhin khc vi mch vng ni khng hoc vi dy
khng bo v v v thit b in.
Khi thc hin ni "khng", nu iu kin ct ca thit b bo v khng tho mn
(dng danh nh ca cu chy hay dng tc ng ca ptmt qu ln) th cho php
dng bin php san bng th b sung. Trong tr|ng hp ny, tng chiu di cc
in cc san bng th phi |c xc nh qua tnh ton m bo tr s in p
chm khng v|t qu tr s gii hn an ton.

cc im c kh nh, trn cc cng tr|ng xy dng v.v... c cc thit b in,

my in di ng, cm tay c cng sut nh, nu ko dy "khng" n thit b in
c gp kh khn hoc khng kinh t th cho php dng bin php ni t v thit b
in lm bin php bo v. Khi cn phi m bo iu kin ct ca thit b bo
v lc c ngn mch chm v.
4. Trang b ni t v ni khng
4.1.
in cc ni t
4.1.1. Nhng b phn sau y |c s dng lm ni t t nhin:
a) Cc ng dn n|c v cc ng dn bng kim loi khc t d|i t, tr cc
|ng ng dn cc cht lng d chy, kh v hp cht chy, n;
b) Cc ng chn trong t ca ging khoan;
c) Cc kt cu kim loi v b tng ct thp nm d|i t ca nh v cng trnh
xy dng;
d) Cc |ng ng kim loi ca cng trnh thy li;
e) V bc ch ca dy cp t trong t. Khng |c php s dng v nhm ca
dy cp lm cc ni t t nhin;
Khi c hai |ng cp tr ln th |c php dng v cp lm ni t duy nht;

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

f) Ni t ca ct in thuc |ng dy ti in |c ni vi trang b ni t

ca thit b in bng dy chng st ca |ng dy nu nh| dy chng st
khng b cch ly vi ct ca |ng dy;
g) Dy khng ca |ng dy ti in trn khng in p n 1000V c ni t lp
li khi s |ng dy khng t hn hai.
h) |ng ray ca |ng st trc khng in kh ha, |ng ray ca cn trc,
|ng ray ni b x nghip, nu nh| gia cc thnh ray |c ni vi nhau bng
cu ni;
4.1.2. Cc cm ni t phi |c ni vi trc ni t t nht hai ch khc nhau. Yu
cu ny khng p dng i vi ct in ca |ng dy ti in trn khng v vi
v kim loi ca cp.
4.1.3. Nn dng thp lm in cc ni t nhn to. Cc in cc ni t nhn to
khng |c sn.
Kch th|c nh nht ca in cc ni t nhn to bng thp nh| sau:
- |ng knh cc ni t trn (mm):
- Khng m km:
10
- M km:
6
2
- Tit din ca cc ni t ch nht (mm ):
48
- B dy ca cc ni t ch nht v b dy ca thp gc, mm: 4
Tit din ca in cc ni t nm ngang cho thit b in c in p ln hn
1000V |c chn theo bn v nhit (xut pht t nhit pht nng cho php
l 4000C).
Khng |c b tr (hoc s dng) cc in cc ni t nhng ch t b kh do
tc dng ca nhit to ra cc |ng ng.
Ho t in cc ni t phi |c lp y bng t ng nht, khng |c c
dm v ph liu xy dng.
Trong tr|ng hp in cc ni t c th b r th phi thc hin mt trong nhng
bin php sau y:
- Tng tit din cc ni t ph hp vi thi gian s dng ca n;
- S dng cc ni t m km;
- S dng bin php bo v bng in;
Cho php s dng in cc ni t bng b tng dn in lm ni t nhn to.
4.2.
Dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v
4.2.1. lm dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v c th s dng:
a) Dy "khng" lm vic ( lm dy "khng" bo v);
b) Cc dy dn ch dng ring cho mc ch ny;
c) Kt cu kim loi ca nh (cc x, cc ct v.v...).
d) Ct thp ca kt cu xy dng v mng bng b tng ct thp;
e) Cc kt cu kim loi ca cng trnh cng ngh (|ng cu trc, khung ca thit
b phn phi, hnh lang, sn thang my, cn cu, thit b nng, cc |ng ng
v.v...).
f) Cc ng thp ca b dn in;

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

4.2.2.

4.2.3.

4.2.4.

TCVN 4756 : 1989

g) V nhm ca cp;
h) V kim loi v kt cu thanh dn, cc hp v mng bng kim loi ca thit
b in;
i) Cc ng kim loi |c lp t h c nh, c cng dng khc nhau tr cc ng
dn cc cht v hp cht chy n v h thng |ng ng dn n|c thi, h
thng s|i chnh.
Cho php s dng cc dy dn, cc kt cu v cc chi tit khc |c nu trn y
lm dy ni t hoc dy khng bo v duy nht, nu nh| chng m bo in dn
theo tiu chun ny v m bo dn in lin tc trn ton b chiu di |c s
dng. Dy ni t v dy khng bo v cn |c bo v chng n mn.
Cm s dng v kim loi ca dy dn kiu ng, cp treo ca |ng dn in, v
kim loi ca cc ng cch in, cc tay nm kim loi, v ch ca dy dn in v
cp lm dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v. Ch cho php dng v ch ca cp
vo mc ch trn trong l|i in thnh ph c in p 220/127V v 380/220V khi
ci to.
Cc hp cp v cc hp du dy cn |c ni vi v kim loi bng cch hn hoc
bng bu lng.
B tr cc |ng trc ni t hoc ni "khng" v cc mch r t trc ny trong
cc phn x|ng v ngoi tri phi m bo n kim tra |c.
Nhng mch r t trc chnh n thit b in c in p n 1000V, |c php
t ngm trong t|ng nh d|i nn sn gch v.v... v phi |c bo v trnh b n
mn. Nhng mch r ny khng |c c mi ni.
i vi cc thit b ngoi tri, cho php t dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v
d|i t, d|i nn hoc theo mp ca b my, mng ca thit b cng ngh v.v...
Khng |c s dng dy c cch in t trong t lm dy ni t v dy
"khng" bo v.
Dy ni t v dy khng bo v ca cc thit b in c in p ti 1000V phi
c kch th|c khng nh hn kch th|c quy nh bng 1.

4.2.5.

cc thit b in c in p ln hn 1000V c im trung tnh ni t hiu qu,

tit din ca dy ni t phi |c chn sao cho khi c dng in ngn mch mt
pha ln nht chy qua th nhit ca dy ni t khng ln hn 400oC (pht
nng tc thi ph hp vi thi gian tc ng ca thit b bo v chnh v thi gian
ct ton phn ca my ct).

4.2.6.

cc thit b in c im trung tnh cch ly th in dn ca dy ni t khng

|c nh hn 1/3 in dn ca dy pha, cn tit din khng |c nh hn quy
nh bng 1. Khng yu cu s dng dy ng c tit din ln hn 25mm2, dy
nhm 35mm2 v dy thp tit din ln hn 120mm2.
Trong cc phn x|ng sn xut c cc thit b in c in p ln 1000V th cc
trc ni t lm bng thp c tit din khng nh hn 100mm2.

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

Bng 1
Thp
Ngoi
tri
5
-

Trong
t
10
-

Tn gi

ng

Nhm

Dy trn : tit din, mm2

|ng knh, mm
Dy dn c bc cch in: tit din, mm2
Li ni t v ni khng ca dy cp v dy
dn nhiu li trong cng mt v bo v chung
vi cc dy pha: tit din, mm2
- Thp gc: b dy ca g, mm
- Thp dt: tit din, mm2
B dy, mm
- |ng ng dn n|c v dn kh (bng thp)
b dy thnh ng, mm

4
1,5

6
2,5

Trong
nh
5
-

2,5

2
25
3

2,5
48
4

4
48
4

2,5
1,5

2,5
2,5

3,5
-

- |ng ng mng (bng thp): b dy ca

thnh ng, mm

Ch thch: Khi t dy dn trong ng th tit din ca dy "khng" bo v |c php ly

bng 1mm2, nu nh| dy pha c cng tit din nh| vy.

4.2.7.

Khng cho php s dng dy "khng" lm vic ca cc dng c in di ng mt

pha v mt chiu lm dy "khng" bo v. ni "khng" cho cc thit b in
ny phi s dng dy dn th ba ring. Dy dn ny |c ni vi dy "khng" lm
vic hoc dy "khng" bo v trong cc hp du dy trn cc bng phn phi in,
t, bng lp rp v.v...
4.2.8. Trong mch dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v khng |c lp cc thit b ct
mch v cu chy.
Cho php lp thit b ng ct trong mch dy "khng" lm vic nu nh| dy ny
ng thi |c s dng ni "khng". Thit b ng ct ny phi ct cc dy dn
c in ng thi vi ct dy "khng" lm vic.
Nhng thit b ng ct mt cc phi |c lp cc dy pha m khng |c lp
vo dy "khng".
4.2.9. Trong cc phn x|ng kh ro khng c cc cht n mn cho php t dy ni t
v dy "khng" bo v trc tip trn t|ng nh.
Trong cc phn x|ng m |t, c bit m |t v trong cc phn x|ng c cc
cht n mn th dy ni t v dy khng bo v phi |c t cch t|ng nh
khng nh hn 10mm.
4.2.10. Cc dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v phi |c bo v trnh n mn ca ha
cht. nhng ch cc dy ny giao cho vi cc dy cp, vi cc |ng ng, vi
cc |ng ray, nhng ch i vo nh v.v... m dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v
c th b h| hng do tc ng c hc th nhng dy ny phi |c t trong ng
bo v.
4.2.11. Dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v khi i qua t|ng v qua trn ngn phi |c
chn cht v khng |c c cc mi ni v cc mch r.

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

4.2.12. Dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v, dy cn bng th phi c k hiu mu trn

sut chiu di bng cch kt hp mu xanh v mu vng. Cho php ch ghi k hiu
mu cc ch ni v ch phn nhnh khi khng th ghi k hiu trn sut chiu
di dy.
4.2.13. Khng cho php s dng dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v lm vic khc.
4.3.
Ni dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v
4.3.1. Ni dy ni t vi nhau, v dy "khng" bo v vi nhau phi bo m tip xc
chc chn v |c thc hin bng cch hn. Dy "khng" bo v phi |c ni vi
mch vng ni "khng" t nht l hai im.
Trong cc phn x|ng v ngoi tri khng c cc cht n mn th |c php ni
cc dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v bng cc bin php khc. Trong tr|ng hp
ny cn phi c bin php chng r, chng ni lng.
Cho php ni dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v cho cc thit b in v cho
|ng dy dn in trn khng bng nhng bin php nh| ni dy pha.
Phi ni dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v nhng ch c th n kim tra |c.
4.3.2. Cc ng thp ca |ng dn in, cc hp, mng v cc kt cu khc |c s
dng lm dy ni t hoc dy "khng" bo v phi c mi ni m bo cc yu
cu ca tiu chun ny. Phi m bo mi tip xc chc chn gia cc ng thp
vi v ca thit b in v gia cc |ng ng vi cc hp kim loi.
4.3.3. V tr v s im ni dy ni t vi cc ni t t nhin ko di (v d ni vi
|ng ng) phi |c la chn khi tch cc ni t ra sa cha th vn bo m
|c gi tr in tr tnh ton ca trang b ni t, cc ng h o n|c, cc van,
kha v.v... phi c cu ni bo m mch ni t lin tc.
4.3.4. Khi ni dy ni t v dy "khng" bo v vi cc b phn ca thit b in th
phi dng bu lng hoc hn. Mi ni phi b tr ch d kim tra.
i vi cc mi ni bng bu lng phi c bin php chng g v chng b ni lng.
ni t v ni "khng" cho cc thit b th|ng |c tho ri ra hoc |c t
trn cc b phn chuyn ng hoc rung, lc th phi dng cc dy dn mm.
4.3.5. Mi thit b in cn ni t hoc ni "khng" phi |c ni vi l|i ni t hoc
ni "khng" bng cc nhnh ring bit. Khng cho php u ni tip cc thit b
in vo dy ni t hoc dy "khng" bo v.
5. Ni t v ni khng thit b in di ng v cm tay
5.1.
Ni t v ni "khng" thit b in cm tay
5.1.1. Cc dng c in cm tay phi |c cung cp in t l|i in c in p khng
ln hn 380/220V.
Ty thuc vo mc nguy him v in ca gian t thit b m cc dng c in
cm tay c th |c cung cp in trc tip t l|i in, hoc qua my bin p
cch ly hoc qua my bin p h p.
V kim loi ca cc dng c in cm tay phi |c ni t hoc ni "khng", tr
cc dng c in c cch in kp hoc |c cung cp in t my bin p cch
ly.
5.1.2. Phi ni t hoc ni "khng" cho cc dng c in cm tay bng cc dy ring
(dy th ba i vi cc dng c in mt chiu v mt pha, dy th t| cho cc

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

dng c in ba pha). Nn t dy ny trong cng mt v vi cc dy pha v ni

vi v ca dng c in. Tit din ca dy ny nn ly bng tit din ca dy pha.
Khng cho php s dng dy "khng" lm vic t trong cng mt v chung
lm dy ni t hay ni "khng".
Cc li ca dy dn v ca dy cp |c s dng lm dy ni t hoc ni
"khng" cho cc dng c in cm tay phi l dy ng mm c tit din khng
nh hn 1,5mm2, i vi dng c in cm tay dng trong cng nghip v khng
nh hn 0,75mm2 i vi cc dng c in cm tay dng trong sinh hot.
5.1.3.

5.2.
5.2.1.

5.2.2.

5.2.3.

5.2.4.

5.2.5.

phch cm, cm in ca cc dng c in cm tay; dy dn v pha ngun

cung cp phi |c u vo cm, cn dy dn v pha dng c in phi |c
u vo phch cm.
Cc phch, cm nn c cc tip im ring ni dy ni t hoc dy "khng"
bo v. Nhng tip im ny phi m bo ng mch tr|c khi cc tip im ca
dy pha |c ng vo mch in. Cn khi ngt mch th th t phi |c li.
Cu to ca phch cm phi loi tr |c kh nng cm nhm tip im dng in
vo tip im ni t hay ni "khng".
Nu nh| v ca cm lm bng kim loi th phi ni v vi tip im ni t hay
ni "khng" ca n.
Ni t v ni "khng" thit b in di ng
Khi cung cp in cho cc dng c in c nh t ngun di ng c lp th ch
trung tnh ca ngun cung cp v cc bin php bo v phi ph hp vi ch
trung tnh v cc bin php bo v |c p dng trong mng in ca cc dng c
in c nh.
Khi cung cp in cho cc dng c in ca cc thit b di ng t ngun in di
ng v c nh c trung tnh cch ly th cc bin php bo v phi |c p dng
l ni t bo v kt hp vi ni v thit b vi v ca ngun cung cp hoc kt
hp vi ct bo v.
Khng cn ni v ca ngun in vi v ca cc thit b nu nh| ngun cung cp
v thit b di ng c cc mch vng ni t bo v ring, m bo |c mc in
p chm cho php khi c ngn mch ra v ca thit b in.
Khi cung cp in cho cc dng c in ca cc thit b di ng t ngun in di
ng c lp th im trung tnh ca l|i in ba pha ba dy v ba pha bn dy
dn, cng nh| cc u ra ca l|i in mt pha hai dy dn, phi |c cch ly.
Trong tr|ng hp ny |c php thc hin ni t bo v ch cho ngun cung cp
in v dng dy ni v dng c in vi v ngun in.
Khi cung cp in cho cc dng c in ca cc thit b di ng t ngun di ng
c lp c trung tnh cch ly th cho php tnh trang b ni t theo yu cu v in
tr hoc theo in p chm khi c mt pha ngn mch ra v.
Khi ni t |c thc hin theo yu cu v in tr th gi tr in tr ca n
khng |c v|t qu 25:.
|c php tng gi tr in tr ca trang b ni t nu trn ph hp vi iu
2.5.3.
Cho php khng thc hin ni t bo v cho cc dng c in ca cc thit b di
ng |c cung cp in t ngun di ng c lp c trung tnh cch ly, trong
nhng tr|ng hp sau:

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

5.2.6.
5.2.7.

5.2.8.

5.2.9.

TCVN 4756 : 1989

a) Nu nh| ngun cung cp in v cc dng c in |c b tr trc tip trn

thit b di ng, cn v ca chng |c ni vi nhau v ngun in ny
khng cung cp cho cc thit b in khc.
b) Nu ngun in ny khng cung cp in cho cc thit b in khc, v thit b
in di ng |c t cch ngun in khng xa hn 50m, cn v ca ngun
in v v thit b |c ni vi nhau.
S l|ng thit b in v chiu di ca |ng cp cung cp in cho cc thit b
ny khng quy nh nu nh| tr s in p chm trong tr|ng hp ngn mch
chm t mt pha khng ln hn gi tr quy nh.
c) Nu nh| in tr ca trang b ni t |c tnh ton theo in p chm khi c
ngn mch mt pha chm v ln hn in tr ni t lm vic ca thit b kim
tra cch in.
V ca dng c in thuc thit b di ng phi |c ni chc chn vi v ca
chnh thit b di ng y.
lm dy ni v ca ngun cung cp in vi v ca thit b di ng c th s
dng:
a) Li th 5 ca dy cp trong mng in ba pha c dy "khng" lm vic;
b) Li th 4 ca dy cp trong mng in ba pha khng c dy "khng" lm vic;
c) Li th 3 ca dy cp trong mng in mt pha;
in dn ca dy ni vi v phi ph hp vi quy nh phn 3.
Dy ni t, dy "khng" bo v v dy ni gia v ca cc thit b phi l dy
ng mm c tit din bng tit din dy pha v nn cng trong v chung vi
cc dy pha.
Trong mng in c trung tnh cch ly cho php t dy ni t v dy ni v thit
b ring bit vi dy pha. Trong tr|ng hp ny tit din ca chng khng |c
nh hn 2,5mm2.

ngun in di ng c lp ba pha cho php s dng on dy "khng" lm vic

t trung im my pht n cc u dy trn bng in ca thit b phn phi
lm dy ni t.
5.2.10. i vi thit b in di ng c ngun cung cp di ng c lp th cho php lp
dng c ng ct cc dy dn ca mng in ba pha v mt pha v dy ni v
ca thit b in.
6. Kim tra ni t, ni "khng"
6.1.
Trang b ni t v ni "khng" thit b in cn phi |c kim tra khi nghim thu,
kim tra nh k v kim tra bt th|ng.
6.2.
Kim tra nghim thu |c thc hin sau khi trang b ni t, ni "khng" |c
lp t xong, tr|c khi |a vo s dng v |c tin hnh theo hai b|c.
- i vi cc phn ngm chn d|i t hay trong cc kt cu: phi |c kim tra
tr|c khi lp t hay lp kn;
- i vi ton b h thng phi |c kim tra sau khi hon thin |a vo s
dng.
6.3.
Kim tra nh k |c thc hin theo thi gian quy nh sau:
a) Khi thit b in |c b tr nhng ni nguy him: mt nm mt ln.

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

6.4.

6.5.

6.6.

TCVN 4756 : 1989

b) Khi thit b in. |c b tr nhng ni c bit nguy him v in: su thng

mt ln;
c) Khi thit b in |c b tr nhng ni t nguy him: hai nm mt ln.
Kim tra bt th|ng (t xut) |c thc hin theo quy nh:
a) Khi xy ra tai nn, s c hoc c nguy c xy ra tai nn;
b) Sau khi sa cha trang b ni t, ni "khng" hoc lp t li thit b;
c) Sau khi c lt, bo, ma ln gy nh h|ng n cht l|ng ca trang b ni t,
ni "khng".
d) Khi xy dng mi hay sa cha cc cng trnh khc c kh nng gy h| hng
cc b phn ca trang b ni t, ni "khng".
Ni dung kim tra nghim thu gm c:
a) Kim tra vic lp t thc t so vi thit k;
b) Kim tra vic s dng vt liu theo yu cu thit k;
c) Kim tra ton b cc mi hn, mi ni, xem xt v bn c hc, in tr tip
xc;
d) Kim tra bin php chng n mn, g;
e) Kim tra vic bo v mch dn i qua cc khe ln khe co dn v ch|ng ngi
khc;
g) Kim tra cc bin php chng in p chm v in p b|c nhng ni cn
thit;
h) Kim tra vic lp t v o in tr ni t;
i) Kim tra in tr mch pha - dy khng v kh nng ct ca thit b bo v
(kch th|c, quy cch dy chy, dng chnh nh ca ptmt).
Vic kim tra |c thc hin qua xem xt bng mt, dng th|c o, my o in
tr ni t, my o in tr mch pha - dy "khng" v.v...
Ni dung kim tra nh k v kim tra t xut gm c:
a) o in tr ni t, in tr mch pha - dy "khng".
b) Kim tra ton b trang b ni t, ni "khng".
c) Kim tra cc mi hn, mi ni;
d) Kim tra tnh trng cc lp m hoc sn chng n mn, g;
) Kim tra cc mt tip xc in;
i) Kim tra phn ngm, nhng ch nghi ng (o ln xem v o c).
f) Kim tra cc mch dn i qua ch|ng ngi;
g) Kim tra tnh trng ca t.

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

Ph lc 1

THUT NG V NH NGHA
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

11.
12.
13.

T|ng ng vi nhng bin php an ton in, cc thit b in |c chia ra nh| sau:
-

Cc thit b in c in p ln hn 1000V trong mng in c trung tnh ni t

hiu qu.

Cc thit b in c in p ln hn 1000V trong mng in c trung tnh cch ly

(c dng in ngn mch chm t nh).

Cc thit b in trong mng in c in p n 1000V c trung tnh ni t trc

tip.

- Cc thit b in trong mng c in p n 1000V c im trung tnh cch ly.

Mng in c trung tnh ni t hiu qu l mng in ba pha in p ln hn 1000V
c h s qu in p khi ngn mch chm t khng ln hn 1,4.
H s qu in p khi ngn mch chm t trong mng in ba pha l t s gia in
p ca pha khng b s c ti im ngn mch chm t v in p pha ti im
tr|c khi c ngn mch.
Trung tnh ni t trc tip l trung im ca my bin p hoc my pht in |c
ni trc tip vi trang b ni t hoc |c ni vi t qua mt im tr nh (v d qua
bin dng).
Trung tnh cch ly l trung im ca my bin p hoc my pht in khng |c ni
vi trang b ni t hoc |c ni vi trang b ni t qua thit b pht tn hiu, o
l|ng, bo v; cun dp h quang |c ni t v qua cc thit b t|ng t khc c
in tr ln.
Ni t l ni cc b phn bt k ca thit b in hay ca thit b khc vi trang b
ni t.
Ni t lm vic l ni t mt im no thuc phn dn in ca thit b in
nhm bo m ch lm vic ca thit b in.
Trang b ni t l tt c cc in cc ni t v dy ni t.
in cc ni t l cc vt dn in hay mt nhm cc vt dn in |c lin kt vi
nhau v tip xc trc tip vi t.
in cc ni t nhn to l cc in cc |c s dng ring cho mc ch ni t.
in cc ni t t nhin l cc b phn dn in ca cc |ng ng, ca nh v cng
trnh (sn xut hay cc cng trnh t|ng t) tip xc trc tip vi t v |c s dng
cho mc ch ni t.
|ng trc ni t hay ni "khng" l dy ni t hay dy "khng" bo v c hai
nhnh tr ln.
Dy ni t l dy dn ni cc b phn cn ni t vi in cc ni t.
Dy "khng" bo v cc thit b in c in p n 1000V l dy dn ni nhng
b phn cn ni "khng" vi im trung tnh ni t trc tip ca my pht in hay
my bin p trong l|i in ba pha; hoc vi u ra trc tip ni t ca ngun mt
pha; hoc vi im gia ni t trc tip ca ngun mt chiu.

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

14. Dy "khng" lm vic l dy dn cung cp in cho cc thit b in. Trong mng

in ba pha dy dn ny |c ni vi trung im ni t trc tip ca my pht in
hoc my bin p, cn ngun in mt pha |c ni vo u ra ni t trc tip v
mng in mt chiu, |c ni vo im gia |c ni t trc tip.
15. Vng in th "khng" l vng t ngoi phm vi ca vng tn ca dng in.
16. in p trn trang b ni t l in p gia im dng in i vo cc ni t v vng
in th khng kh c dng in t in cc ni t tn vo t.
17. in tr ca trang b ni t l t s gia in p trn trang b ni t v dng in t
trang b ni t tn vo t.
18. Gii thch cc k hiu quc t:
-

TN-C: Mng c trung tnh ni t trc tip, cn thit b in |c ni "khng";

dy "khng" bo v l dy "khng" lm vic chung.

TN-C-S: Nh| trn nh|ng dy "khng" bo v v dy "khng" lm vic on gn

ngun chung, sau li tch ra.

TN-S: Mng c trung tnh ni t trc tip, thit b in |c ni "khng"; dy

"khng" bo v v dy "khng" lm vic tch ring (mng ba pha nm dy).

N: Dy "khng" lm vic

PE: Dy "khng" bo v

PEN: Dy "khng" chung (va l dy bo v, va l dy lm vic).

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

Ph lc 2

PHN LOI NI T THIT B IN THEO MC NGUY HIM

Ni t thit b in (gian, phng, phn x|ng v.v...) |c phn loi theo mc nguy him v
in nh| sau:
1. Ni nguy him l ni c mt trong nhng yu t sau:

2.

3.

a) m hoc c bi dn in ( m t|ng i ca khng kh v|t qu 75% trong thi

gian di hoc c bi dn in - bi bm vo dy dn, lt vo trong thit b in).
b) Nn nh dn in (bng kim loi, t, b tng ct thp, gch...).
c) Nhit cao (c nhit v|t qu 35oC trong thi gian di hn mt ngy m).
d) Nhng ni ng|i c th ng thi tip xc mt bn vi cc kt cu kim loi ca
nh, cc thit b cng ngh, my mc v.v... ni t v mt bn vi v kim loi
ca thit b in.
Ni c bit nguy him l ni c mt trong nhng yu t sau:
a) Rt m (c m t|ng i ca khng kh xp x 100% - trn, t|ng, sn nh v
vt trong nh c ng s|ng).
b) Mi tr|ng c hot tnh ha hc (th|ng xuyn hay trong thi gian di cha hi,
kh, cht lng c th to nn cc cht, nm mc dn n ph hy cch in v cc
b phn mang in ca thit b in).
c) ng thi c hai yu t tr ln ca ni nguy him nu mc 1.
Ni t nguy him (bnh th|ng) l ni khng thuc hai loi trn.

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

Ph lc 3

Cc s ni khng thit b in

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

Ph lc 4

Tr s in p chm ph thuc thi gian tc ng

(Theo PC-1526-68 v TGL200-0603/03 s liu tham kho)
in p xoay chiu
tn s t 15Hz n
100Hz

Thi gian tc ng, s

in p chm, V

0,06
650

0,15
500

0,2
400

0,5
130

0,9
80

3
60

in p mt chiu

Thi gian tc ng, s

in p chm, V

0,06
650

0,6
250

1
200

3
140

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

Ph lc 5

PHNG PHP XC NH CHIU DI iN CC SAN BNG TH

TRONG MNG IN C iN P N 1000V
san bng th tr|c ht nn tn dng ni t t nhin bng cch ni v kim loi ca thit
b in vi cc kt cu kim loi c sn trong nh x|ng nh| ni t, b my, ct st, |ng
ray, |ng ng... Sau khi ni nh| vy, nu vn ch|a m bo tr s in p chm th phi
t thm cc in cc san bng th nhn to xung quanh thit b in (hay cho c nh, phn
x|ng); cc in cc ny s to thnh mt l|i.
Tng chiu di in cc san bng th (c in cc c sn v t thm) cn thit cho mt s
thit b in hay mt thit b in |c xc nh theo cng thc.
0,8I nm U
L

U ch

,m

Trong :
Inm l thnh phn dng in ngn mch chm v i vo t, A.
U l in tr sut ca t vo ma kh nht, :m.
Uch l in p chm, V; theo yu cu an ton in p chm phi nh hn 42V.
lm in cc san bng th c th dng thp trn )6 - )10 hay dy ng )2,5 chn su
d|i mt t t 0,3 n 0,5m v ni v thit b in vo l|i ny 2 n 3 im.

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

Ph lc 6

CHN DNG IN CHO CU CHY, APTOMAT BO V, NG C IN

C XT N NH HNG CA TNG TR MNG
Khi ni ng c in vo mng in, do nh h|ng ca tng tr mng nn dng in khi
ng ca ng c s gim so vi dng in khi ng danh nh. V vy khi tnh ton dng
in cho cu chy hay aptomat bo v ng c nn tnh ton theo dng in khi ng thc
t ca ng c nng cao nhy ca bo v. iu ny c ngha i vi cc ng c c
cng sut ln.
Trong tr|ng hp ny, dng in danh nh ca cu chy hay dng in khi ng ca
aptomat (gi chung l dng in ca thit b bo v Ibv) |c tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
I bv

I bvo

Z dc
Z dc  Z m

(1)

Trong :
- Ibvo l dng in danh nh ca cu chy hoc dng khi ng ca ng c khi khng xt
n nh h|ng ca mng in.
- Zdc, Zm l tng tr ca ng c v ca mng in ni vo ng c.
V d: ng c 102-81-8 (P =22kW, Ikdo= 308A, Zdc = 0,72:) nu chn theo ch danh
nh th dng in danh nh ca cu chy phi l 150A.
Nu ng c |c ni vo mng in c tng tr mng n ni t ng c l Zm = 0,3: th
c th ly dng danh nh ca cu chy hay dng tc ng ca aptomat tnh theo cng thc
(1) l 206A hay chn l 100A. Do nhy ca thit b bo v tng ln 1,5 ln.

TiU CHUN ViT NAM

TCVN 4756 : 1989

Ph lc 7

iu kin c th dng ni t thay cho ni Khng

cc im c kh nh, trn cc cng tr|ng xy dng hoc cc x|ng th cng nghip
v.v th|ng s dng cc my in, cc thit b in di ng, cm tay c cng sut nh.
Nu ko dy khng n ch dng in gp kh khn, khng kinh t th c th s dng
bin php ni t (xem hnh v) thay cho ni khng vi iu kin phi m bo iu kin
ct.

iu kin ct trong tr|ng hp ny l:

I nm

U pha
Ro  Rd

t K.I ddbv

Trong :
In l dng in ngn mch khi c chm v
Ro v R l in tr ni t ca ngun in v ca thit b in.
Idbv l dng in danh nh ca thit b bo v (cu chy hay aptomat).
K l bi s ca dng in ngn mch tr s ca K phi theo quy nh iu 3.2 ca tiu
chun ny. Bin php ny c th p dng khi cng sut thit b nh, ni t d thc hin hay
c sn ni t t nhin (khung st ca , p, trm bm, |ng ng, ca mng ct
v.v).