Lifting and Rigging

This document is intended as a general guideline to assist Contractors

with understanding and applying Safe Work Practice expectations.

Posted March 29, 2012

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc.

Lifting and Rigging

Table of Contents

1.0

Guidelines ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.0

Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 5

3.0

Terms and Definitions ....................................................................................................... 8

4.0

Roles, Responsibilities and Training Requirements..................................................... 14

4.1 Initial Training ......................................................................................................... 14
4.2 Refresher Training ................................................................................................... 14

5.0

Standard Instructions ..................................................................................................... 18

5.1 Safety Precautions ................................................................................................... 18
5.2 Documentation......................................................................................................... 19
5.2.1 Permit to Work............................................................................................... 19
5.2.2 Additional Work Permits ............................................................................... 19
5.2.3 Contractors ..................................................................................................... 20
5.3 Supervision of Lifting Operations ........................................................................... 20
5.4 Undertaking Lifting Operations............................................................................... 20
5.5 Safety in Crane Operations ...................................................................................... 21
5.5.1 Anti-Two Block ............................................................................................. 21
5.5.2 Boom Hi-Angle Limit (Boom Kick-out) ....................................................... 21
5.5.3 Weight Indicators........................................................................................... 21
5.5.4 Load Blocks ................................................................................................... 22
5.5.5 Confined Space .............................................................................................. 22
5.5.6 Unattended Control Stations .......................................................................... 22
5.5.7 Swing Brake (Mechanical Slew Locking Device) ......................................... 22
5.5.8 Bypass of Critical Protection Devices ........................................................... 23
5.5.9 Load Charts .................................................................................................... 23
5.5.10 Dynamic Shock Loading and Weather Effects .............................................. 23
5.5.11 Hand Signals .................................................................................................. 24
5.6 Pre-Use Inspection................................................................................................... 25
5.6.1 Stinger (Crane Extension Safety Sling (CESS), Pilot Sling, Crane Pennant) 26
5.6.2 Alternate Lifting Devices (Accessories) ........................................................ 26
5.6.3 Rigging Equipment ........................................................................................ 27
5.6.4 Cargo Carrying Units (CCU) ......................................................................... 29
5.6.5 Snagging Hazards for Open Top Containers ................................................. 31
5.6.6 Tubulars Pre-Use Inspection (Drill Pipe Tubing) ....................................... 31
5.6.7 Casing Transfer and Pre-Use Inspection of Casing Hooks ............................ 34
5.6.8 Pallets Pre-Use Inspection ............................................................................. 34
5.6.9 Pallets Carriers Pre-Use Inspection ............................................................... 35
5.6.10 Hooks Pre-Use Inspection ............................................................................. 36
5.6.11 Eyebolts Pre-Use Inspection .......................................................................... 38
5.6.12 Tag Lines Pre-Use Inspection ........................................................................ 39
5.6.13 Chain Hoist Pre-Use Inspection ..................................................................... 42
5.6.14 Pad Eye Pre-Use Inspection ........................................................................... 44
5.6.15 Trolley Pre-Use Inspection ............................................................................ 44
5.6.16 Drum Lifters Pre-Use Inspection ................................................................... 45
5.6.17 Lifting Sling Sizing Pre-Use Inspection ........................................................ 46
5.6.18 Personnel Transfer by Basket ........................................................................ 46
5.6.19 Minimum Crane Specification for Personnel Transfers ................................ 46
5.6.20 Personnel Basket - Pre-Use Inspection .......................................................... 47
5.6.21 Personnel Transfer Capsule Pre-Use Inspection .......................................... 48
5.6.22 Man Riding Work Baskets Pre-Use Inspection ........................................... 49

Lifting and Rigging

5.7

Crane Operations (stationary and mobile) ............................................................... 50

5.7.1 Crane File/Record Book ................................................................................ 50
5.7.2 Load Blocks ................................................................................................... 51
5.7.3 Crane Operations near Overhead Power Lines .............................................. 51
5.7.4 Personnel Transfers........................................................................................ 53
5.7.5 Suspended Personnel Platforms ..................................................................... 54
5.7.6 Communication.............................................................................................. 54
5.7.7 Radio Communication (Primary) ................................................................... 54
5.7.8 Hand Signals (Secondary) ............................................................................. 55
5.7.9 Pre-Use Checklist and JSAs .......................................................................... 55
5.8 Mobile Crane Operations......................................................................................... 60
5.8.1 Inspections ..................................................................................................... 60
5.8.2 Operator Training .......................................................................................... 61
5.8.3 Operations Restrictions .................................................................................. 61
5.8.4 Electrical Hazards .......................................................................................... 61
5.8.5 Pick and Carry ............................................................................................... 61
5.8.6 Notices and Posting ....................................................................................... 62
5.8.7 Tower Cranes ................................................................................................. 62
5.8.8 Passenger Pickup Truck Mounted Cranes ..................................................... 63
5.9 Helicopter Lifts ........................................................................................................ 64
5.9.1 Lift Plans ........................................................................................................ 64
5.10 Material and Personnel Hoists ................................................................................. 65
5.11 Rigging .................................................................................................................... 66
5.11.1 Wire Rope ...................................................................................................... 66
5.11.2 Slings ............................................................................................................. 68
5.11.3 Wire Rope Clips............................................................................................. 70
5.11.4 Rigging Practices ........................................................................................... 71
5.12 Identification Codes................................................................................................. 74
5.13 Dos and Donts for Various Components and Load Types .................................... 76
5.13.1 Hooks and Shackles ....................................................................................... 76
5.13.2 Padeyes .......................................................................................................... 77
5.13.3 Grating ........................................................................................................... 78
5.13.4 I-Beams .......................................................................................................... 78
5.13.5 Cargo Containers ........................................................................................... 78
5.13.6 Eyebolts ......................................................................................................... 81
6.0

Records ............................................................................................................................. 82
6.1 Required Records .................................................................................................... 82
6.2 Records Retention.................................................................................................... 82

Lifting and Rigging

1.0

Guidelines
Ensure that lifting and rigging work is performed in a safe and controlled manner.
This guideline applies to mechanical lifting activities where lifting methods and rigging
shall meet these minimum requirements.
This guideline does not address activities where forklift, mobile elevated work platform
(MEWP), manlift or other similar equipment might be used for lifting activities.

Lifting and Rigging

2.0

Requirements
1. Hazards associated with Lifting and Rigging shall be identified and mitigated prior to
beginning work.
2. Competent personnel must complete (i.e., develop lift plan as required) the steps needed to
properly and safely prepare the job site and equipment for the start of work.
3. Lifting and rigging equipment must be engineered and certified for current use and in good
working order as verified through pre-use inspections.

Note: The use of non-certified locally fabricated or modified lifting

and rigging equipment is prohibited.
4. Lifting and rigging equipment shall be used in accordance with the intended design
purposes and specified limits of the manufacturer and recognized and accepted good
industry practices and company standards.
5. Confirm weight of the object and establish the loads center of gravity prior to beginning
the lift.
6. Establish clear pick-up and lay-down areas that are within the cranes load lifting radius.
7. Ensure the load path from the beginning of the lift to the lay-down area is clear of
obstructions.
8. Rig loads appropriately and verify that loads are free of possible restraints (ice, sea
fastenings, hold-down bolts, etc.), debris and obstructions.
9. Place load in designated lay-down area and remove rigging equipment after load is
securely in place and free of support from the crane.
Miscellaneous
The walk-around area adjacent to the controls on cranes will be clear of obstructions. All hoses,
tubing, and other appurtenances will be positioned to eliminate any tripping hazards. The deck
area at the base of the crane should be kept clear to allow safe access and prevent damage from
rotating components on the base of the crane.
Containment
All machinery areas which are subject to fluid leaks will be equipped with a
containment system. The containment area will have adequate lip height to prevent spillage and
a means for draining. This information must be engineered and submitted before any
containment system is designed/fabricated.
Liftboats/Temporary Cranes/Derrick Barges
Liftboat cranes will be inspected by an approved crane inspection company before they are
operated. This inspection will also include completion of the Liftboat Crane Inspection Criteria
form. Each crane is required to meet API RP 2D specifications and all other requirements set
forth in Specification for Liftboat Cranes in State and OCS Waters. Copies of inspections will
be forwarded to the appropriate Transportation Supervisor's office. (Reference: Liftboat
Inspection Flowchart). Inspection requirements are intended to supplement, not replace, the
Contractor's inspection program and compliance with all applicable regulations, rules, and
standards will remain the primary responsibility of the Contractor.
All temporary crane installations will be governed by API RP 2D and all other requirements set
forth in Specification for Temporary Cranes in OCS Waters. All documentation (including
installation load test(s)) will be forwarded to the facilities engineer in charge of the temporary
crane installation. These requirements are intended to supplement, nor replace, the

Lifting and Rigging

Contractor's installation standards. Compliance with all applicable regulations, rules, and
standards will be the primary responsibility of the Contractor.
The guidance of the Heavy Lift Task Force Derrick Barge Assessment (FE Forum) will be the
guiding document for all derrick barge operations.

Boom Rest
When a crane boom rest is re-located a Management of Change (MOC) must be performed and
the re-located boom rest must meet all applicable engineering standards.
Temporary Boom Rest Guidelines
When repairs to a crane require work to be performed while the cranes boom is not sitting in
the platforms permanent boom rest/cradle:
The JSA/PTW must capture the following
The use of a temporary boom rest/stand as a separate line item.
Every detail of the task(s) to mitigate the risk.
The total weight of the complete crane boom being placed in the rest/stand.
The structural capacity of the temporary boom rest/stand
The structural capacity of the temporary boom rest/stand must be labeled on the boom
rest/stand. Boom rest capacity must be equal to or greater than the weight of the complete
crane boom.
Proper engineering evaluation, documentation, and approved of proposed temporary boom rest
must be completed by a qualified engineer.
Temporary item must be placed on a solid foundation (foundation structural integrity must be
verified).
If the possibility of movement of the temporary item exist, the temporary item must be chained
or chocked in place.
If the boom repairs are being made on a lattice boom crane, attention should be given to the
placement of the temporary rest/stand(s). To mitigate damage to the boom (bending, kinking,
etc.) place the temporary rest/stands as close to a boom picture frame as possible.
Hydraulic Hoist (Winch)
The service life of all personnel handling hoist (auxiliary and boom) will be verified during the
annual inspection. Any personnel handling hoist found to have a service life of five years or
greater (from the hoist installation date) will be exchanged/rebuilt in a timely manner (note the
following winch change-out criteria).
Hydraulic Hoist (Winch) Change-Out Criteria
Personnel Certified Winches
A winch used for personnel lifting must be exchanged/rebuilt due of to the following issues:

When the winch oil sample indicates >800 PPM Iron

NOTE: when a Personnel Certified winches oil sample reaches >800 PPM Iron it must
immediately be removed from personnel certification but, if the winch meets the criteria of a
Non-Personnel Certified Winch, if could remain in service for material only lifting.
The winch has leaks from the drum seal
Oil leaking from the winch vent plug
Boom hoist pawl fails to engage
The winch reaches five years of service
Has any indicators which would deems it unsafe for operations

Lifting and Rigging

NOTE: A Personnel Certified winch that has exceeded the five year service life can continue
service (remain on the crane) as a non-personnel certified winch if the oil samples values are
<800 PPM, and no other indicators deem the winch unsafe for lifting operations.

Non-Personnel Certified Winches

A winch used for materials ONLY does not have a specific change-out interval but must meet
the following criteria.

If an oil sample indicates >800 PPM Iron and, the winch has under five years of
service, an EAM work-order for re-taking the oil sample should be created.
If the second oil sample indicates <800PPM Iron and, the winch has NO leaks from
the drum seal/vent plug or any other indicator which deems it unsafe for operation,
the winch can remain in-service.
If the second oil sample indicates >800 PPM Iron, the winch shall be removed from
service and replaced/rebuilt.

Each time a winch is repaired or exchanged/replaced a Winch Installation sheet must be

completed and attached to the workorder. If this maintenance task is completed by a Qualified
Crane Inspector that does not have company computer access, the winch installation sheet must
be forwarded, with their daily field tickets, to the CMO Crane Maintenance Group.

Lifting and Rigging

3.0

Terms and Definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this Safe Working Practices (SWP)
Lifting and Rigging Guideline.

Table 1.

Terms and Definitions

Term

Definition

Anti-Two Block
(Dead Heading
Limit Switch)

A protection device designed to stop a hoist block and/or load from being
hoisted into contact with the boom tip. A properly working anti-two block will
prevent putting sufficient stress on the wire rope that it is either cut or stressed
to the point that the line separates and the load falls.
API Recommended Practice for the Operation and Maintenance of
Offshore Cranes (incorporated by reference in 30 CFR 250), latest edition.

API RP 2D

API 2C

API Specification for Offshore Pedestal Mounted Cranes, latest edition.

Blind Lift

This is any lift where the Qualified Crane Operator does not have direct line of
sight with all or part of the object being moved.
Receptacles used to consolidate, protect, and transport materials and supplies,
such as trash baskets, cargo baskets, grocery boxes,drum racks, gas cylinder
racks, cutting bins, sensitive material bins, hazardous waste containers, and
portable tanks.

Cargo Carrying
Units

Certified

The condition or state when lifting and rigging equipment has been inspected
and has been found to be in compliance with the manufacturers design and
specifications, and found to be in satisfactory condition and operation, and
function according to the requirements within this guideline, and applicable
industry standards and regulatory requirements.

Certification

As used in this document, the process that gives evidence to the lifting and
rigging equipment having been designed, manufactured, inspected and found to
be in compliance and in satisfactory condition, operation and function
according to the requirements within this guideline and applicable industry
standards and regulatory requirements.

Complicated Lifts

Complicated lifts are difficult because of the nature of the load, e.g., awkward
shape, offset or high centre of gravity, fragile, containing liquids, no lifting
attachments/difficult to sling, etc. The actual lifting operation/handling of the
lift may also be difficult, e.g., it may require rotation or being cross-hauled
involving two or more sets of rigging and/or tandem lifting with cranes.

Complex Lifts

A lift with additional hazards, for example, extremely heavy loads, confined
spaces, restricted headroom, lifting over unprotected plant or equipment, lifting
subsea, lifts involving divers, lifts involving floating cranes, etc. Included in
this definition are lifting operations or conditions which would merit additional
engineering input.

Cranes

Lifting devices used for the lifting, lowering and horizontal movement of a load
with a hoisting mechanism. Cranes can be fixed or mobile and can be powered
or manually driven.

Lifting and Rigging

Term
Crane Pre-Lift
checklist
Critical
Componet

Definition
A safety checklist to be reviewed by all members of the Lift Team before each
lift operation. The Crane Pre-Lift Checklist should be made available to all
vessel captains and be available at all cranes.
Any component of the crane whose failure would result in the
loss of load control or result in the structural instability of the machine (see API
Spec 2CAppendix A).

Critical or NonRoutine Lifts

A lift that has been identified as: a complicated or complex lift; a heavy lift; a
lift involving man riding work baskets; and/or a lift so named by management
or the Crane Operator due to the uniqueness of the lift.

Heavy Lift

Any lift that is greater than 75 percent of the rated capacity (per load chart) of
the crane or hoist used for a specific lifting activity.

Heavy Usage
Category

Applies to those cranes that are used for 50 hours or

more per month. Such cranes will be subject to pre-use, monthly, quarterly, and
annual inspections. Cranes permanently assigned the category of heavy usage
need not be reviewed to determine the number of hours used each month. Crane
usage is
determined by the sum of hourly usage for each winch on the crane. To ensure
proper inspection intervals, the owner will periodically review crane usage
categories.

High Angle Boom A limiting device installed on the crane to stop the
boom hoist when it reaches a pre-determined high angle. This prevents the
Kickout
boom
from being lifted into the boom stops and causing damage to the boom and/or
crane. The set-point is typically the highest boom angle on the crane load
chart.

Hoist

Hydraulic Hoist

A hoist (including pneumatic-powered lifting equipment, lever hoists) is a

chain or electric lifting device, usually attached to a trolley, which travels along
a monorail or bridge crane. A hoist may also be a chain or electric lifting device
that is affixed to a stationary point.
A component of a crane, also called a "winch" in API RP 2C and by some
manufacturers.

Infrequent Usage
Category

Applies to those cranes that are used for 10 hours

or fewer per month, based on the averaged use over a quarter. These cranes will
be subject to a pre-use inspection and an annual inspection. To ensure proper
inspection intervals, the owner will periodically review crane usage categories.
Crane usage is determined by the sum of hourly usage for each winch on the
crane.

Inspection

An organized examination or formal evaluation exercise where the results are

compared to specified requirements and standards for determining whether
equipment is in line with these targets. An inspection consists of:
A recognized procedure

Lifting and Rigging

Term

Load blocklower:

Definition
Defined frequency and testing
Documentation of tests and inspections
Deficiencies in need of correction are identified
The Lift Team consists of all key personnel who are involved in the planning
and execution of a lift operation. Typically, the Lift Team will
include a Crane Operator and a Rigger. Depending on the scope of the lift
operation, the Lift Team may also include the Vessel Captain and
representatives from Facilities, Drilling, and Operations.
A safety feature used to stop the movement of a crane or its
components beyond a predetermined point that could cause damage to
components or cause the crane to fail (e.g., anti-two block or high angle boom
kick-out).
The assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended
by the hoisting ropes.

Load blockupper:

The assembly of shackle, swivel, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended from the
boom point

Load Chart

A table that summarizes the crane static, dynamic, and personnel handling load
capacities at various boom angles, radii, and reeving configurations. The load
chart will include boom length, cable size, and weight of block, crane model,
and serial number.
A test that is required when new cranes are placed into service;
repairs or replacement do not meet requirements of API RP 2D, Paragraph
4.3.3;
cranes are relocated; or at rig-up or relocation of temporary cranes. A
Qualified Crane Inspector will perform a load test.
A known suspended weight or a dynamometer can be used for load testing. A
load
test is based on the crane's static load chart, wire rope strength, available
hoist line pull, and number of parts of line. The static load test and radius
should be calculated to load the crane as follows:

Lift Team

Limit Device

Load Test

Locally
Fabricated
Locally Modified
Moderate Usage
Category

10

NOTE: A load test requires that a crane be thoroughly inspected per API RP
2D,
4.1.2 "Annual Inspection" before and after the load test.
Lifting and rigging equipment that has been fabricated, constructed, or altered
outside of the original manufacturers design and certification processes.
Lifting and rigging equipment that has been fabricated, constructed, or altered
outside of the original manufacturers design and certification processes.
Moderate usage applies to those cranes that are used
for more than 10 hours but for less that 50 hours per month, based on the
averaged use over a quarter. These cranes will be subject to pre-use, quarterly,
and annual inspections. To ensure proper inspection intervals, the owner will
periodically review crane usage categories. Crane usage is determined by the
sum of hourly usage for each winch on the crane.

Lifting and Rigging

Term
Offboard/
Dynamic Lifts

Onboard/Static
Lifts

Definition
Lifts made with a crane from a fixed structure (platform) onto a
moving structure (boat) or vice versa are considered offboard lifting.
When making a dynamic lift, all factors contributing to dynamic shock
loading such as wind and sea conditions must be
considered.
NOTE: All crane lifts on non-fixed (floating) platforms will be considered
dynamic lifts.
Lifts from and landing onto the crane supporting structure. These
are the simplest lifts and involve moving equipment, supplies, etc. on the
platform.
NOTE: All crane lifts on non-fixed (floating) platforms will be considered
dynamic lifts.

Outriggers

The extendable (or fixed) metal arms attached to the crane mounting base
which rest on supports on the outer end. Proper operations and use of outriggers
as per the manufacturer, along with adequate support, will level and stabilize
the crane.

Passenger Pickup
Truck Mounted
Crane

Typically a purpose built crane of rated capacity of 3200 pounds (1450 kgs) or
less that is permanently mounted on a passenger pickup truck. Note: the lifting
capacity of a pickup truck mounted crane is limited by the lowest capacity of
any of the components; and the lifting configuration and load charts.
A test, using a known suspended weight or a dynamometer, to verify
crane capability for an expected lift, not to exceed 100% of the rated crane
load chart capacity. This is not a load test.

Pull Test

Qualified Crane
Inspector

An individual with training and experienced person who has demonstrated

proficiency in the skills and abilities necessary to operate, inspect, maintain,
and repair cranes.
NOTE: Qualified Crane Inspector refresher training is required every four (4)
years as per API RP2D.
NOTE: If vision or medical conditions prevent a Qualified Crane Inspector
from successfully passing a Qualified Crane Operator Course, he must
successfully complete the written portion of the class. The Qualified Crane
Inspector must present documentation that he is a current Qualified Crane
Operator or, that he has completed the written portion of the course as per this
text.

Qualified Crane
Operator

An individual with training and experience who has successfully completed an

appropriate rigging and qualified crane operator crane skills training course.
The qualified crane operator shall hold a qualification card for the type and
capacity of crane that they are operating.
NOTE: Qualified Crane Operator refresher training is required every
four (4) years as per API RP2D.

Qualified Rigger

An individual with training and experienced that has successfully completed an

appropriate rigging training course and a rigger skills training course.
NOTE: Qualified Crane Rigger refresher training is required every four
(4) years as per API RP2D.

11

Lifting and Rigging

Term

Definition

Qualified Rigging
and Lifting
Inspector

An individual, with documented training and experience that has demonstrated

proficiency in the skills and abilities necessary to inspect and certify lifting and
rigging equipment.
A person who has the responsibility of evaluating the skill level of Crane
Operators on both dynamic and static lifts (while making lifts with Company
owned cranes) and designating Class "A," "B," and "C" crane operators. At a
minimum, a Qualified Observer (QO) will meet the qualifications of a Class
"A" crane operator and will receive QO training as specified by ERTC.

Qualified
Observer

Rigging

Rigging refers to two things: the process of safely moving loads with slings,
hoists, jacks, and other types of lifting equipment and the equipment used to lift
and move these loads.

Routine Lifts

Routine lifts are uncomplicated lifts that are performed on a regular basis using
fixed, dedicated lifting equipment. Essentially, this type of lift consists of
normal crane operations within the installation and to or from supply vessels.

Simple Lifts

Simple lifts involve the use of basic hoisting equipment for a lifting operation
that does not require specialist rigging skills. This would involve direct lifting
using certified lifting equipment suspended from dedicated lifting points such
as padeyes or runway beams, e.g., an electrician using portable lifting gear
slung from a dedicated pad eye to lift a motor with specified lifting points.

Safety Factor

The ratio of a failure-producing load to the maximum safe stress a material can
carry. To calculate the safety factor, divide the breaking strength by the safe
working load.

Safe Working
Load

The safe working load (SWL) is the maximum load that may be imposed on a
piece of lifting equipment. The actual load must not exceed the SWL.

Signalman (Dogman or
Banksman)

A Qualified Rigger designated by the Work Team Leader to guide the lifting
appliance operator using either hand signals or two-way radio.

Sling

The piece of equipment used to connect the load to the main hook or stinger.

Stinger/Single
Leg Sling/Crane
Pennant

A single single-leg wire rope sling equipped with a hook fitted with a safety
latch and a master link the other end. It is used to keep the main hoist load
block or auxiliary hoist headache ball from coming in contact with personnel.

Tag Line

Temporary /
Rental Crane

12

NOTE: The stinger is only required to be of the recommended size to handle

the load being lifted and not required to meet the maximum limits of the crane.
A stinger is required for all offboard/dynamic lifts, except for heavy lifts and
personnel lifts.
A length of rope attached to the load that is used by the qualified riggers to aid
in the control of the load.
NOTE: The tag line should be made from 1/4 inch hemp rope, and should
extend between 15 to 20 ft from the load.
Any crane that is temporarily attached to or connected by means of a
substructure to a platform (i.e., not a permanent part of the structure).

Lifting and Rigging

Term

Definition

Two-Blocking
(Dead Heading)

Occurs when the load block or auxiliary line ball is pulled up into the boom tip
sheaves. The most common occurrence is when a hydraulic boom is extended
without lowering the hoist line. This can also occur when the load block is
positioned near the boom tip sheaves and the boom is lowered without lowering
the load block.
The person-in-charge of the vessel's operation.

Vessell Captain

13

Lifting and Rigging

4.0 Roles, Responsibilities and Training Requirements

A single individual may fulfill more than one role as long as he or she meets the
competency requirements and is able to fully meet multiple responsibilities.
The following roles and responsibilities are specific to lifting and rigging:

Qualified Crane Operator

Qualified Crane Inspector

Qualified Rigger/ Signalman (Dog-man)

Qualified Lifting and Rigging Inspector

Crane Requirements
All cranes working within the Gulf of Mexico will be designed, installed, operated,
inspected, maintained, and repaired in accordance with the regulations listed in the table
below. For Contractor-owned cranes (i.e., rental cranes, liftboats, and wire-line barges), each
Contractor will be responsible for compliance with these requirements.

NOTE: Floating platform pedestal cranes design specification will comply with the
International Cargo Gear Bureau (ICGB).

4.1

Initial Training

Personnel must meet the competency requirements of this standardized safe work
practice prior to starting work.

4.2

Refresher Training

Refresher training must be provided as follows:

14

As required by each contract companys Policies and Procedures.

As needed when identified by: verification, incidents and/or audits

Lifting and Rigging

Training
Contract Personnel
All Contract personnel rigging loads will have successfully completed a rigger
training course meeting the current API RP 2D recommendations and be re-qualified
within four years after original qualification and each requalification thereafter.
Contract Crane Operator Classifications
All Contract employees operating cranes must have current
documentation verifying successful completion of Qualified Crane Operator training in
accordance with API RP 2D (offshore operations), latest edition or other applicable
regulations (OSHA, ABS, etc.) . Qualified Observers will document Class A, B, and C
personnel using the Crane Observer Checklist. Only Class A operators are required to
complete the Knowledge Evaluation, the Problem Solving, and the Hands On portion of the
checklist.
Class "B" Contract crane operators shall have a minimum of six months experience
operating cranes in an offshore environment and will be subject to the restrictions of a Class
"B" crane operator. A contract crane operator with less than six months experience operating
cranes in an offshore environment will be considered a Class "C" (trainee) crane operator as
per the Crane Program.
Class A Contract crane operators shall have a minimum of one year experience operating
cranes in an offshore environment and will have unrestricted use to operate cranes (heavy
lifts, personnel lifts, complicated, complex, or hazardous lifts) A Class A operator must
successfully complete (100% score) the Crane Operator Checklist. The checklist will be
administered by a qualified observer and witnessed by the onsite Contractor Supervisor, if
available. If a Contract crane operator is unable to successfully complete the checklist, the
operator will be given one opportunity to review content and retest. If a Contract crane
operator is unable to successfully complete the checklist after the second attempt, that
individual must wait for a period of 30 days before retesting.
A copy of the completed checklist should be maintained in the field crane files, and also sent
to the Crane Mechanical Coordinators. A list of Class "A" Contract crane operators will be
maintained and made available for review on the ERTC website by all Company personnel. If
a Contract crane operator has been classified as a Class "A" crane operator through the
checklist process, the operator will not be required to repeat this process when operating
similar types of cranes in other field locations.
Re-evaluations may be conducted by the Qualified Observer to upgrade or downgrade the
classification of each Contract crane operator. In addition, consideration should be given to
re-evaluating crane operators based on their experience with different types of cranes (joy
stick controls, standard controls, etc.).
Crane Inspections
Pre-Use Inspection
The pre-use inspection will be performed and documented before crane use, typically daily
and then as the Qualified Crane Operator deems necessary during the day for extended
operations. This documentation should be maintained in the vicinity of the crane. A Qualified
Crane Operator will perform this inspection, and it will apply to all cranes, regardless of
usage category. If the Qualified Crane Operator changes, a new pre-use inspection should be
performed and documented by the new operator. The pre-use inspection also includes rigging
gear such as:
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Lifting and Rigging

Slings
Cargo baskets
Cargo containers
Cargo nets
Personnel baskets
Drum racks
Trash baskets
Tool boxes
Grocery boxes
Gas cylinder racks
Sensitive material bins
Cutting boxes/bins
Hazard material bins
Portable tanks

As a minimum requirement, each crane (excluding out-of-service cranes) will be

operated once per month. This will include operation of all crane functions and
testing of each safety device (one completed pre-use inspection). This requirement will help
extend component life and, because of regular lubrication, will help prevent sticking of other
components.
Monthly Crane Inspections
This inspection will be performed once per month for all cranes assigned to a heavy usage
category. This inspection will be performed by a Qualified Crane Operator or a Qualified
Crane Inspector.
Quarterly Crane Inspections
This inspection will be performed once every three months for all cranes assigned a moderate
or heavy usage category . This inspection will be performed by a Qualified Crane Inspector.
Annual Crane Inspections
This inspection will be performed no later than once every 12 months for all cranes regardless
of usage category. This inspection will be performed by a Qualified Crane Inspector.
Crane Categories
The infrequent usage category applies to those cranes that are used for 10 hours or less per
month, based on the average use over a quarter (three months), and are subject to a pre-use
inspection and an annual inspection. When a crane shifts from an infrequent usage category
to a moderate category, the crane must undergo a quarterly inspection as soon as possible
following the change in category. When a crane shifts from a moderate category to a heavy
usage category, a quarterly inspection must be performed as soon as possible following
the change in category, with monthly inspections required thereafter.
Heavy Lift Inspections
A Heavy Lift Inspection is a Quarterly Inspection with a pull test. This inspection will be
performed by a Qualified Crane Inspector and will be valid for 21 days. No inspection, other
than a pre-use, is required during this 21-day period. This inspection will be retained in the
crane records as the most recent Quarterly Inspection. If a heavy lift is to be performed on the
twenty-second day, another Heavy Lift Inspection will be required before making the lift.
A Heavy Lift Inspection is required for any non-routine lift (i.e., drilling, workover,
construction, wireline, etc.) which is equal to or greater than 75% of the rated capacity as per
the load chart, at the anticipated minimum boom angle or maximum radius of the lift, at
either an offboard (dynamic) or onboard (static) condition. A Heavy Lift Job Safety Analysis
(137KB) will also be completed before the lift.
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Lifting and Rigging

Crane Repairs and Alterations

The Operations Supervisor is responsible for correcting any deficiencies on cranes, with
assistance from the Crane Mechanical Team Leader or his designee. The Crane Mechanical
Team Leader or the Operations Supervisor will authorize any change in a crane's
configuration (e.g., boom length, cable size, number of parts of line). The changes will be
documented using the Management Of Change (MOC) process. A Qualified Crane Inspector
will perform a pull test at the time of the change. An accurate load chart reflecting the crane's
current configuration will be attached to the crane before the crane can be operated. A crane
load chart can only be changed by a licensed API 2C crane manufacturer or a licensed
engineer, experienced in the design of cranes.
The Crane Mechanical Team Leader or his designee will be consulted before designing or
installing any crane, temporary or new. If adjustments or repairs to the crane are necessary, or
any deficiencies that impair safe operation are known, the crane will be taken out of service
or its operations restricted to eliminate the unsafe condition.
Repairs to critical components will be performed in accordance with API RP 2D.
A crane that is taken out of service for repairs will not be put back into service until
approved/authorized by a Qualified Crane Inspector. If a crane is taken out of service, an
"Out of Service" sign will be placed over the primary controls. If a crane has been out of
service for more than 12 months, an annual inspection will be performed before the crane is
placed back into service.

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Lifting and Rigging

5.0

Instructions
5.1

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions must be followed when personnel are involved in
lifting and rigging operations:

18

The boom and basket load limit specified by the manufacturer must not be exceeded.

Workers must not be permitted to use or operate any lifting equipment unless they are
instructed, trained and qualified by a competent person in the use and operation of the
equipment. Documentation of contractor qualified crane operator qualifications must be
provided upon request as per the contract.

Lifting equipment and work areas must be kept free of oil, grease and trash.

The crane or lifting equipment must not be moved when the boom is elevated in a
working position.

The crane or lifting equipment must not be moved when workers are in a basket or on
an elevated platform (unless equipment is specifically designed for that use).

NO work shall be performed from a personnel basket (i.e. Billy Pugh).

Workers must wear a full-body harness and an approved lanyard while working from a
basket, and ensure 100 percent tie-off at all times.

Anchor points shall be provided as per the Working At Heights Guideline or local
requirements.

Workers must not sit, stand or climb on the guardrail of the basket.

Personnel must be instructed in safe lifting and hoisting procedures before handling
materials or cargo.

The correct cargo handling tools must be used, and these tools must be regularly
checked and maintained.

The load being lifted must be watched until it is set in place and disconnected from the
lifting device.

Workers must not stand or pass under a suspended load.

Workers should stand clear of any rope, line or cable that is under strain. When these
conditions are present, workers shall pay adequate attention to review and mitigate
these hazards. An example would include completing a Job Safety Analysis that
addresses site-specific conditions before beginning the work.

Workers must not get any part of their bodies between unsecured objects (pinch
points).

Workers must not put their hands or fingers in the possible path of any heavy
machinery or load.

Workers must not wear loose clothing when near rotating machinery.

Workers must not handle rope or cables when wearing finger jewelry.

Gloves must be worn at all times when handling and using a tag line.

Lifting and Rigging

Taglines must not be wrapped around any body part (e.g., hands, arm, torso) at any
time.

Workers must never ride on a load being hoisted.

5.2

Documentation

5.2.1 Permit to Work

A Permit to Work is required during lifting and rigging operations where overhead
power lines may pose a threat, and a Permit to Work may also be required for other
lifting and rigging operations.

5.2.2 Additional Work Permits

Other at risk work may be in progress while lifting and rigging activities occur. In those
scenarios other safe work practice standards may be applicable requiring additional
permitting, hazards recognition and analysis, etc.
Transfer of Custody
Transfer of Custody or Ownership of Crane
Third-Party Custody:
Another circumstance that can occur in offshore crane operations is the temporary
Transfer Of Custody of a crane. This can occur prior to or during the mobilization and
demobilization of platform workover and drilling rigs and, during large construction projects.
Implementing temporary Transfer Of Custody of the crane is optional and is most applicable
for projects of extended duration. When these conditions occur, the Company temporarily
relinquishes the control, custody, and maintenance of its respective crane(s) to the third party
that assumes or acquires control of the crane.While the crane is in the custody of this third
party, the Company has established procedures to maintain consistency of operation,
maintenance, and inspection.
During any such transfer period, the third party will ensure that the crane will be operated and
maintained in accordance with API RP2D, and all other applicable regulations. No
modifications can be made to the crane without written approval, and any proposed
modifications must meet manufacturer's recommendations. The crane will be maintained
according to all of the manufacturer's specifications. Inspections will be in accordance with
and at a frequencies identified in this document.
Inspection:
Before change of custody, both parties will inspect the crane. The inspection will be
performed by qualified individuals, approved by both parties and will be documented. Both
parties will agree on the condition of the crane, that the crane is rated to perform the
anticipated work, and that deficiencies discovered during the inspections have been
adequately remedied. At the completion of the project, the same procedures will be followed
before the crane is returned. In addition, the third party will provide all records of inspection,
maintenance, and repairs initiated during custody transfer period (pre-use inspections, heavy
lift inspections, etc.).
A Qualified Crane Inspector will perform an Annual Inspection, and both parties
must accept that the crane is in proper condition for the intended purpose.

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Lifting and Rigging

5.2.3 Contractors
Contractors shall use these guidelines unless they have been cleared through the
Contractor HES Management process to use their own procedure(s).

5.3

Supervision of Lifting Operations

The degree of required supervision is dependent upon the type of lifting operation to be
undertaken and is proportionate to the risk. The Qualified Crane Operator or Qualified
Rigger shall be in control of the operation. This person will:

Coordinate and control all aspects of the lifting operation, including the pre-lift job
safety meeting.

Ensure that personnel are aware of their specific responsibilities regarding each lift.

Critical or NonRoutine Lift operations will always require additional supervision by

the Work Team Leader who will write the JSA and produce the Critical or NonRoutine Lift Plan.

5.4

Undertaking Lifting Operations

Prior to carrying out any lifting operation, selected precautions shall be observed,
including the control measures above. These are applicable to all lifting operations and
include holding a pre job safety meeting where details of the task are discussed.
In the case of non-routine lifts, review of the JSA and critical lifting plan shall be
conducted at the pre-job safety meeting. Specific responsibilities, including the
identification of who does what during the lifting operation, will be discussed.
While moving or lifting loads over unprotected pressurized vessels, piping, or wells, the
Simultaneous Operations Guidelines will be followed. All lift paths should be evaluated to
minimize exposure where possible. The load chart should be reviewed before the lift to
determine if heavy lift inspection is required.
The Qualified Crane Operator and the assigned Signalman shall ensure that the ollowing
activities are carried out.
1.

The Signalman should be in high-visibility wear so all personnel involved in the lifting
activity can see the person assigned to give hands signals to the crane operator.

2. Ensure the lifting equipment is certified for current use.

3. Confirm that the appropriate rigging for the lift is correctly installed, and the lifting sets are
not twisted or snagged.
4. Ensure slings of equal length are used, placed to ensure balance and correctly choked on
tubulars.
5. Ensure shackle bolts are tight and adequately secured and locked.
6. Confirm the weight of any particular load or bundle.
7. Ensure the hook is positioned above the loads center of gravity (if known).
8. Ensure that a clear and effective communication system is employed and understood by
personnel involved with the lifting operation.
9. Ensure there is adequate lighting in the pick-up and lay-down areas and unobstructed
access ways and escape routes exist.
10. Ensure that the pick-up and lay-down areas are within the crane radius for the load being
lifted.

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Lifting and Rigging

11. Ensure that the load does not pass over personnel.
12. Ensure that any restraints to the lift are removed (e.g., hold-down bolts, sea fastenings,
etc.).
13. Ensure that only one Cargo Carrying Unit is lifted at any one time.
14. Prior to the use of a mobile crane, the ground condition must be known and suitable for the
intended lifting operation. The location of underground services must also be verified.

5.5

Safety in Crane Operations

5.5.1 Anti-Two Block

Anti-two-blocking devices will be installed and maintained on main blocks and auxiliary
whip lines and will be of the type that stops the lifting function and winch of the crane
affected by the device.

5.5.2 Boom Hi-Angle Limit (Boom Kick-out)

Boom Hi-Angle limit (Boom Kick-out) devices will be installed on all lattice boom type
cranes and will be of the type that stops the function of the crane. Overrides for boom
kick out devices will not be used unless the Supervisor (or designee) responsible for the
work area grants an exception.
Bypass of Safety Devices
Bypassing the boom kick-out, anti-two-blocking, or other limiting device on a crane for
reasons other than inspections will not be allowed unless authorized by the Operations
Supervisor.

5.5.3 Weight Indicators

In offshore operations, weight indicators must be fitted equipment on cranes, or weight
must be determined by use of an appropriately designed dynamometer (e.g. crane scale).
Weight indicators (attached or portable) shall be maintained in operational condition.
When a portable dynamometer (e.g. crane scale) is used to determine the weight of a
load, the load weight will be recorded onto the shipping manifest. For loads sent from
field locations into the shore-base locations, the load weights will be verified with the
shore-base cranes. Any significant deviations from the shipping manifest will be
communicated.
The calibration frequency for dynamometers (crane scales) shall be annually or more
frequently if reason exists.
In onshore operations, if the crane operator is certified to establish the weight of the lift,
this may be used in lieu of a dynamometer.
Weight Indicators
Weight indicators are optional equipment on cranes. Weight indicators will be repaired in a
timely manner or removed. If a weight indicator malfunctions, it must be tagged out of
service. The affected line(s) can continue to be used if the load weights are known and are
within the cranes load chart capacity. When a weight indicator is removed, all components
(e.g., hoses, cells, etc.) must be removed from the crane. Weight indicators can be installed
temporarily if needed for periods of high crane usage. The weight of all cargo over 1,000
pounds will be recorded on the shipping manifest and marked legibly on the cargo before
shipping. If the cargo weight is unknown and a weight indicator is not installed, the cargo

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Lifting and Rigging

weight shall be determined using a dynamometer or some other means. Dynamometers must
not be used under dynamic conditions.
Platform cranes that are used to service platform drilling or workover operations should have a
temporary weight indicator installed prior to the rigs mobilization. The Centralized
Maintenance Organizations Crane Mechanical Team Leader should be notified at least 30
days before the job begins. After the drilling or workover operation is complete, the weight
indicator may be removed from service.

5.5.4 Load Blocks

The main hoist load block and auxiliary hoist headache ball will be painted with a highly
visible paint, such as bright orange or green, for maximum visibility.
NOTE: Photo Luminescence paint must not be used on head balls, as this may interfere with a
ships station keeping equipment.
The hook on headache ball and load blocks will not be painted.

5.5.5 Confined Space

Any crane pedestals that are determined to meet requirements for confined space entry
will be identified as such using labels or stenciling. All entries into these pedestals for
maintenance and inspection will be done in accordance with the Confined Space
Guidelines Unattended Control Stations
Before leaving the crane controls unattended for any period, the Qualified Crane
Operator will:
1. Land any attached load
2. Disengage the master clutch, where applicable
3. Set all locking devices
4. Put controls in the off or neutral position
5. Stop the prime mover
6. Assure that no component of the crane will interfere with normal helicopter flight
operations
NOTE: Some operations require the crane to be left attached. This is an acceptable
practice as long as a hazard analysis has been completed and the procedures listed above
have been followed.

5.5.6 Swing Brake (Mechanical Slew Locking Device)

The swing brake should be set when the machine is parked, in idle or holding a load for
an extended period of time.
NOTE: Any deficiency identified with a swing brake requires that the crane be taken out
of service.

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Lifting and Rigging

5.5.7 Bypass of Critical Protection Devices

Verbal (by radio) permission from the Supervisor (or designee) responsible for the work
area and lifting activity is required before any critical protection device is disabled.
Bypass of Safety Devices
Bypassing the boom kick-out, anti-two-blocking, or other limiting device on a
crane for reasons other than inspections will not be allowed unless authorized
by the Operations Supervisor. When bypass is authorized, a tag will be attached
in plain view of the crane operator with date and name of the authorizing
person. This information will also be documented in the platform logbook. In
addition, a written JSA will be required before performing the lift.
The bypassing of critical protection devices during pre-use inspections and maintenance
work is acceptable if permission is granted.

The bypass of safety devices during pre-use inspections is acceptable.

When the bypass is removed and the system restored, the Supervisor (or designee)
responsible for the work area shall be informed.
Bypassing the boom kick-out, anti-two-blocking, or other limiting device on a crane for
reasons other than inspections requires authorization by the person in charge of the
facility.
Bypassing the boom kick-out, anti-two-blocking, or other limiting device on a
crane for reasons other than inspections will not be allowed unless authorized
by the Operations Supervisor.
A tag will be attached in plain view of the Qualified Crane Operator with the date and
name of the authorizing person when bypass is authorized to perform a lift.
In addition, a written JSA is required before performing a lift with critical protection
devices in bypass mode.

5.5.8 Load Charts

Load charts will be prepared in a standard format and tailored to the particular rigging
configuration of each crane. Load charts will be securely positioned to the crane in a
location that is easily visible to the qualified crane operator at the primary control
station. A copy of the load chart will also be maintained in the crane file.
Any changes to the crane configuration (boom length, wire rope size, hoist, etc.) will be
accurately reflected on the posted load chart. Revisions to load charts will be reviewed
by a licensed API Spec 2C (Specification for Offshore Pedestal Mounted Cranes) crane
manufacturer or a licensed engineer, experienced in the design of cranes.
Any changes to a crane load chart will require an MOC to be completed.
Load charts for cranes used to transfer personnel will include capacity rating for
personnel lifts.

5.5.9 Dynamic Shock Loading and Weather Effects

Dynamic shock loading is a major factor contributing to the replacement of wire rope.
Rope that is stretched or broken as the result of dynamic shock loading shall be replaced.
Factors contributing to dynamic shock loading, such as wind and sea conditions, must be
considered when making a dynamic lift.

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Lifting and Rigging

Dynamic load charts are designed based on capacity, engineering & load tests. If the
wind and sea conditions exceed the stated chart values, the crane must be removed from
service until such time the weather and sea conditions return within the cranes operating
limits.
Crane operations should be stopped under the conditions shown in Table 2, Typical
Crane Operations Stoppage, below. The table is intended as a guide: Sea conditions
vary greatly due to a variety of conditions, such as water depth, wave frequency, swell
and wind direction. A risk-based approach, such as the Global Upstream Hazards
Analysis Procedure, should be used in consultation with the facility responsible person
and ship Captain.
Typical Crane Operations Stoppage
Weather Condition

Suggested Operations to be
Stopped

Seas meet or exceed 12 feet (3.7 meters) (wave

height, may be double the average sea height)

All dynamic crane operations

Winds meet or exceed 35 mph (56.3 kph) (wind

gusts, may be double to average wind speed

All crane operations, static and

dynamic

Lightning is in the vicinity

All crane operations (lower the

boom, if possible)

It is a requirement to clearly identify and communicate the weather parameters for each
work location and/or individual crane set-up. This table above is a guidance, and may be
changed for individual lifts depending on the conditions, such as lift type, size, geometry
of the load, location, visibility, temperature, etc.
Vessel operators may have more restrictive weather guidelines for their vessels which
may take into account current strength, as well as, wind and sea conditions.

5.5.10 Hand Signals

The Work Team Leader is responsible for assigning the Signalman to each lift. It is
essential that the Signalman understands what to do during crane operations, as well as
what not to do. In all cases, the Crane Operator and Signalman must agree on the hand
signals.
Every hazardous situation that an operator might encounter cannot be covered by a
written set of rules, but the use of standardized hand signals from a designated
Signalman can reduce risks.
Use Standard Hand Signals

The hand signals shown are standard signals recommended in the API RP 2D
(Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Cranes):

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Lifting and Rigging

Figure 1.

Standard Crane Hand Signals.

In some cases there may be a need for special signals not covered in the signal charts. In
these cases, the special signals used MUST BE AGREED UPON IN ADVANCE BY
THE QUALIFIED CRANE OPERATOR AND THE SIGNALMAN. These special
signals must not be confused in any way with the standard hand signals.

5.6

Pre-Use Inspection

The pre-use inspection will be performed and documented before crane use, typically
daily and then as the Qualified Crane Operator deems necessary during the day for
extended operations.
The Crane Pre-Use Inspection form, shall be maintained in the crane. The Qualified
Crane Operator will perform this inspection.
If the Qualified Crane Operator changes, a new crane pre-use inspection should be
performed and documented by the new Qualified Crane Operator.

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Lifting and Rigging

Each crane (excluding out-of-service cranes) will be operated at least once per month.
This will include operation of all crane functions and testing of each safety device). This
requirement will help extend component life and, because of regular lubrication, will
help prevent sticking of other components.
As a minimum requirement, each crane (excluding out-of-service cranes) will be operated once
per month. This will include operation of all crane functions and testing of each safety device
(one completed pre-use inspection). This requirement will help extend component life and,
because of regular lubrication, will help prevent sticking of other components.

5.6.1 Stinger (Crane Extension Safety Sling (CESS), Pilot Sling, Crane
Pennant)
A stinger should be used to keep the main hoist load block or auxiliary hoist headache
ball from coming into contact with workers handling the load.
For those cases where the use of a stinger is not practical (such as heavy lifts), special
precautions should be taken to protect rigging personnel.
Slings will be removed from the stinger or crane hook before performing any rigging
procedure on the deck of a vessel.

5.6.2 Alternate Lifting Devices (Accessories)

Several lift assist devices (e.g., stiff legs, other temporary cranes, hydraulic masts, air
tuggers, runway beams, trolleys, pad-eyes, etc.) currently fall outside the scope of API
RP 2D.
Personnel involved in installation, operation, and maintenance of these devices will be
Qualified Riggers knowledgeable of the manufacturers recommendations, guidelines,
and procedures.
Personnel involved in installation, operation and maintenance of knuckle boom cranes,
and the Qualified Crane Operators, will be knowledgeable of the manufacturers
recommendations, guidelines, and procedures.
Before use of these devices, a visual inspection shall be performed to ensure equipment
is in good working condition. In addition, a written JSA will be prepared and
consideration should be given to the following items:

26

Weight capacity limitations

Cargo weights

Stability and anchor points

Device placement

Weather and site conditions

Operator qualifications

Wire rope and loose gear inspection

Containment and spill potential

Safety devices

Lift team communication

Lift path

Lifting and Rigging

5.6.3 Rigging Equipment

5.6.3.1 Pre-Use Inspections

If an item of equipment is seen to be defective or suspected of being defective either

during the pre-use inspection or in service, it must be removed from service
immediately and the Work Team Leader notified.
When an item is being scrapped, it is to be physically destroyed in order to prevent
any further use of any kind. If it is not immediately physically destroyed, it must be
clearly marked NOT TO BE USED and should be placed in a quarantine area
until it can be destroyed.

Figure 2.

Pre-Use Inspection Steps

Ensure the correct type of shackle bolt or pin is fitted. A common problem exists
where high-grade shackle pins are replaced with standard bolts that are not capable
of taking the load.
Check that the sling set is correctly fitted, e.g., no twists in the legs.
Check that the appropriate securing arrangements are installed (split pins, wire
mousing, etc.). The preferred style of shackle is the bow or anchor type fitted with a
safety pin that is, bolt, nut and split pin.
5.6.3.2 Wire Rope Sling Pre/Post-Use Inspection

All slings shall be visually inspected each day they are used, and whenever they may
have been damaged during a lift.
Recommended Inspection Procedure

Wire rope slings shall be immediately removed from service if any of the following
conditions are present:
1. Six (6) randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three (3) broken wires in
one strand in one rope lay (See - API RP 2D).
2. Wear or scraping of one-third the original diameter of outside individual wires.
3. Kinking, crushing, bird caging, or any other damage resulting in distortion of the
wire.

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Lifting and Rigging

4. Evidence of heat damage

5. Excessive corrosion
6. End attachments (terminations) that are cracked, deformed or worn
7. Sling certification tag is missing or not legible
NOTE: The integrity of slings used in the handling of tubulars may be compromised once
the U-bolt is released. The immediate inspection of slings after they are used for this
purpose is recommended. Consider implementing a policy requiring the destruction of all
slings once the U-bolt clamp has been released at the end of the transportation phase.
5.6.3.3 Synthetic (Web) Sling - Pre-Use Inspection

Certified Synthetic (Web) Slings are approved for lifting operations that would
otherwise be susceptible to damage from other slinging methods.
NOTE: Synthetic (Web) Slings shall NOT BE USED for routine lifts from or to
boats/vessels when salt water may come in contact with the sling. Synthetic slings
may be used under exceptional circumstances when recommended by the
manufacturer.
When synthetic slings are used in marine operations a JSA/HA and Permit to Work
is required.

Figure 3.

Synthetic (Web) Sling

Ensure the fiber belt of the synthetic (web) sling is of uniform thickness and width
and not worn or elongated beyond the amount recommended by the manufacturer.
The following is a brief guide for using a webbed sling:

28

Know the weight of the load.

Check the weight units metric tons, short tons, etc.
Know the Safe Working Load (SWL) of the fiber sling.
Check that the load is slung correctly.
Never use slings with a knot.
Do not use to pull/drag loads.

Lifting and Rigging

Never tie 2 slings together with the eyes.

Make sure that the slings are located correctly on the load.
Whenever web slings are rigged with angles (including when used as a choke sling),
ensure that the appropriate limitations for load are assessed as indicated in section
5.11.2.3 Sling Angles.
Protect the webbing from sharp edges that could damage fibers during use and
possibly resulting in a dropped load.
When not in use, slings should be returned to suitable storage location.
Do not trap slings between load and floor. Place the load on skids or other suitable
packing.
Never drag slings out from under a load.

5.6.4 Cargo Carrying Units (CCU)

Certified Cargo Carrying Units are approved for lifting operations. The following are
examples:

Container - Standard Closed (Food, Cargo, Explosives, Radioactive Sources, etc.)

Chemical Transit Tank, Chemical Transit Tank - Plastic

Aviation (jet fuel) Tank, Tote Tank

Basket

Rubbish skips

Drum Racks

Gas Cylinder Rack or Carrier

Long Basket or Tool Carrier

Logging Unit, Power Pack, Toolbox

Best practice for CCU inspections is six month intervals, but shall be renewed at a
minimum of twelve month intervals. Check that test certifications are in date for the
period of use.
CCUs must have the Maximum allowable weight, Tare weight and net weight clearly
marked and visible to the qualified crane operators and signal man.
Maximum allowable weight The maximum design limit of the system; this includes the
container, rigging, cargo, etc (examples of containers are trash baskets, cargo baskets, grocery
boxes , cutting bins, sensitive material bins, hazardous waste containers)
Gross weight or total weight The weight of the container and the cargo combined (i.e. gross
weight (or total weight) = tare weight + net weight)
Tare weight The empty weight of the container and associated rigging
Net weight The weight of the cargo or equipment in the container (without the
container or rigging weight, etc.)
Containers with less than one month of certification remaining should not be shipped
offshore.
Unless, specifically designed to do so, CCUs must not be double stacked.

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Lifting and Rigging

Tubulars and all other CCUs listed above shall be checked for potential dropped objects
where forklift pockets are included on the frame of the CCU.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Open Top CCU Pre-Use Inspection

Stackable Baskets Pre-Use Inspection

Stackable baskets are designed for stacking 2 high (maximum) on site or for storage at
warehouse facilities or drilling rigs. The stacking of baskets shall be prohibited on all
marine vessels.

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Lifting and Rigging

5.6.5 Snagging Hazards for Open Top Containers

Prior to shipping, the person responsible for packing must ensure control measures are in
place to prevent snagging of lifting arrangements with contents during cargo operations.
Where there is a risk of lifting arrangements snagging the cargo, use suitable material to
cover the cargo, including cargo nets, tarpaulins, and grating.
When loading CCUs onto trucks ensure that all Master links on the lifting equipment
hang over the same side of the truck. This minimizes risk of personnel from falling from
the truck.

Figure 6.

Offshore Tanks Pre-Use Inspection

(Chemicals, Oils, Fuels)

5.6.6 Tubulars Pre-Use Inspection (Drill Pipe Tubing)

. Table 3 below shows the approximate weight of tubulars.
Table 2.

Nominal Tubular Size, Weight and Length

Size

31

Weight (lbs
per foot)

Length
(feet)

3 - 1/2" DP

15.0

31.5

4" DP

16.0

5" DP

Size

Weight (kg
per meter)

Length
(meters)

8.9 cm DP

22.3

9.6

31.5

10.2 cm DP

23.8

9.6

21.9

42

12.7 cm DP

32.6

12.8

2 - 7/8" Tbg

6.4

44

7.3 cm Tbg

9.5

13.4

3 - 1/2" Tbg

9.2

44

8.9 cm Tbg

13.7

13.4

Lifting and Rigging

Size

Weight (lbs
per foot)

Length
(feet)

Size

Weight (kg
per meter)

Length
(meters)

7" Casing

29.0

40

17.8 cm Casing

43.2

12.2

9 - 5/8" Casing

40.0

40

24.4 cm Casing

59.5

12.2

13 - 3/8" Casing

54.4

40

34.0 cm Casing

81.0

12.2

Tubulars must always be slung with two slings, each of the same length and of the same
SWL.
Slings must be placed at equal distance (approximately 25 percent) from the ends of the
load. They must be double wrapped and choked around the tubular.

Figure 7.

Tubulars

This picture illustrates double wrapping and securing of hold on the pipe bundle.

The number of tubes in each bundle should be such that the middle tubes are gripped and
will not slip out of the bundle.
Tubulars over 5.5 inches (14 cm) in diameter must be bundled in odd numbers.

32

Lifting and Rigging

Figure 8.

Tubulars Vee-Racking Example

Vee-Racks can be used to tight-pack bundles of pipes for safe lifting. Tubulars should be of similar
diameter and length when bundling. As illustrated in Figure 9 the slings shall be equally distant from the
ends so as to have even distribution of weight to the slings. Thread protectors and end caps must be
secure so as to avoid falling objects when tubulars are lifted.

Figure 9.

Tubular Stacking Example

Tubular packing can be accomplished by other means different than using a Vee-Rack. The pictures
above illustrate another packing technique (stacking) for safe transport of tubulars. Use manufacturer
and supplier and Materials Handling SME recommendations to determine safe packing configurations to
use.

33

Lifting and Rigging

Figure 10.

Tubulars

5.6.7 Casing Transfer and Pre-Use Inspection of Casing Hooks

For routine lifts, casing hooks are not permitted. Pre-use inspection of casing hooks
should include manufacturers recommendations, and at minimum, the instructions in
Figure 11 below. Any casing hook used shall be of an engineered design and certified,
such as in a stamp on the device that is readable.

Figure 11.

Casing Hooks

NOTE: The use of any casing hook or other similarly designed clamp that works on the
principle of using gravity and friction to hold onto the load should be discouraged
wherever there is risk of bumping the load or having dynamic forces causing sudden
vertical or horizontal movement. These lifting hazards can have the effect of reducing
the downward force of the load mass, thus unloading the friction mechanism of the hook
or clamp and possibly resulting in a dropped load. This would include conditions such as
tight spacing for lift maneuvers, marine applications and higher wind scenarios.

5.6.8 Pallets Pre-Use Inspection

Note that if the load is not distributed equally on the pallet, the Safe Working Load
(SWL) will be reduced. Pallets shall be inspected before loading to ensure they are in
34

Lifting and Rigging

sound condition. If there is any obvious damage (as indicated in the following picture),
the pallet shall be removed from use.
NOTE: Pallets alone shall not be used to transport equipment offshore, they must be
placed within a cargo carrying container or half height container or a designated pallet
carrier.

Figure 12.

Pallet

5.6.9 Pallets Carriers Pre-Use Inspection

Pallet Carriers are used to carry loaded wooden pallets. Pallet Carriers are composed of
an engineered metal frame that has a four-leg bridle sling attached which allows it to be
lifted properly. Some pallet-carriers in use today include four rigid sides allowing for the
attachment of the four-leg sling to be higher over the base of the load.
Proper design and construction are important to ensure pallets are transported safely.
The frame and slings must be inspected prior to use, using the same procedure as for
other wire rope slings. In addition, the frame needs to be checked for any signs of cracks
or distortion.
NOTE: Pallet lifters and pallet bars shall not be used to load or unload material and
equipment to/from marine vessels.

Figure 13.

35

Pallet Carrier Example

Lifting and Rigging

Ensure that the

pallet is secured to
the pallet carrier
with steel or
approved polyester
bands.
Ensure the weight
of the loaded pallet
is within the SWL
of the pallet
carrier.

Figure 14.

Pallet Carrier with Load

Pallets
Materials received at shorebase locations on pallets should be removed
from the pallets and placed in cargo baskets. If it is not feasible to remove
the material from the pallet, the material should be shrink-wrapped on the
pallet and the pallet put in a cargo basket. If the use of pallets is required,
properly designed lifting devices (e.g., pallet containers, pallet lifting
tongs) should be used. Slings should not be used to lift pallets.

5.6.10 Hooks Pre-Use Inspection

Hooks are used as connectors on cranes. They can be connected to slings, shackles and
eyebolts. Hooks come in many shapes and sizes.
Hooks should be equipped with safety latches. Safety latches prevent accidents by
positively securing lifting equipment to the hook. If the load is bumped or released
suddenly, the latch should prevent the load from jumping off the hook. All crane hooks
used shall have an operable latch.
A crane hook that can be closed and locked with a pin or positive locking device
eliminating the hook throat opening should be used for personnel lifts. (See - API Spec
2C.)

36

Lifting and Rigging

Figure 15.

Hook

The Qualified Rigger is responsible for ensuring the safety latch is in good working
condition prior to use.

Figure 16.

Hooks: Original Style (left), and New Style

(right)

NOTE: This type of Crosby Shur-loc' hook has a design problem. If a load jumps and
causes the hook to double back and strike the sling ferrule, the safety catch can open
allowing the load to drop.
Catches of this type should be changed for the modified type that has protective ears
on each side of the release to prevent accidental opening.
The Qualified Rigger should inspect the hooks for wear and damage before each use.
Two main things to look for are:
1. Spreading of the throat opening
To check for spreading, the size of the throat is measured with a ruler. If the measurement
is more than 5 percent greater than the nominal size as stated in the manufacturers manual,
the hook shall be scrapped. Any elongation of the eye is cause for scrapping the hook.
2. Cracking
Cracking usually occurs along the inside of the shank close to the bend. If any sign of
cracks are found, the hook must be scrapped.

37

Lifting and Rigging

Figure 17.

Parts of a Hook

5.6.11 Eyebolts Pre-Use Inspection

NOTE: Usually used to move electrical motors.
Eye bolts must be inspected for four kinds of damage:

Cracking

Stripped threads

Bending

Distortion of the eye

Figure 18.

Straight-shank Eyebolt

Straight shank eyebolts can be used ONLY for straight vertical lifts, the direction of
force must be directly in line with the shank of the eyebolt.
Shoulder-type eyebolts may be used either for straight lifts or angled lifts of up to 45
degrees from the shank.
NOTE: Shoulder-type eyebolts may bend if they are mounted improperly.

38

Lifting and Rigging

Figure 19.
Table 3.

Shoulder-type Eyebolt

Drop-Forged Steel-Shoulder Type Eye Bolts

DROP FORGED STEEL SHOULDER TYPE EYE BOLTS
Typical Safe Working Loads Corresponding to Angle of Pull

Stock
Diameter
(in)

Stock
Diameter
(cm)

Vertical

75

60

45

< 45

lbs.

kg.

Lbs.

kg.

lbs.

kg.

lbs.

kg.

0.6

500

227

275

125

175

79

125

56

3/8

1,200

544

660

299

420

191

300

136

1/2

1.3

2,200

998

1210

549

770

349

550

249

5/8

1.6

3,500

1,558

1,925

873

1,225

556

875

397

3/4

1.9

5,200

2,359

2,860

1,297

1,820

826

1,300

590

7/8

2.2

7,200

3,266

3,960

1,796

2,620

1,188

1,800

816

2.5

10,000

4,536

5,600

2,540

3,500

1,588

2,500

1,134

3.8

21,400

9,707

11,770

5,339

7,490

3,397

5,350

2,427

NOT
RECOMMENDED

5.6.12 Tag Lines Pre-Use Inspection

Lifts that use a tag line shall be performed as follows:

Tag lines should be attached to the load (not to the sling).

For large loads, two tag lines are recommended with one being placed at each
end of the load.

When using a tag line to direct a load into place, be aware that the load can
swing into other objects when there is too much force applied in the wrong
direction at the wrong time. Pull easily until the load turns and then direct it into
place by using only enough force to get it there.

Special lifting configurations may require longer tag lines.

In cases where a tag line may not be considered a safe option, the situation shall be
discussed and included on a JSA and in a pre job safety meeting.
Tag lines shall be free of any knots, splices, or loops, except for attaching to load.

39

Lifting and Rigging

Tag lines should be made from 1/4-in. hemp rope, and should extend between 15 to 20 ft
from the load. The line can be attached to the load or to the sling.
An additional risk to be aware of when using tag lines include, but are not limited to:
The possibility of injuries from falling objects as a result of personnel,
handling cargo, working in closer proximity to loads.
There are potential injuries resulting from personnel, handling cargo:
being dragged due to a heavy load rotating in an uncontrolled manner,
the tag line could be fouled in limbs or clothing.
potential injuries resulting from tag lines being secured to adjacent
fixed structures and then parting due to a heavy load with the tag line snapping
in an uncontrolled manner.
When using tag lines you should observe the following:
Tag lines are an aid in positioning the load.
All sections of the line, including slack, should be kept in front of the body,
between the person handling the tag line and the load.
Tag lines must be held in a manner where it can be quickly released. The tag
line should not be wrapped around the hand, wrists, or any other part of the
body.
When wearing gloves, care must be taken so that the tag line does not foul the
glove.
Tag lines must not be secured or attached to any structure, equipment,
handrails, stanchions, cleats, or any other items.
Where tag lines have already been installed on the load, a boathook should be
considered to be used to retrieving the tag line in order to avoid being close
to or under the load.

Tag lines must be

made from single,
continuous lengths of
manila or other
suitable nonconducting synthetic
rope.

Tag lines must be of

sufficient length to
allow personnel
handling cargo to work
in a safe position well
clear of the immediate
vicinity of the load.

Apart from the knot

attaching the line to the
cargo, there must be no
other joints or knots in
the line.
Figure 20.

40

Tag Line

Lifting and Rigging

Keep Tag Line in front of user and

between the person and the load.
Tag Lines must be of sufficient
length to allow personnel handling
cargo to work in a safe position
keeping away from the load at all
times.
Figure 21.

Tag Line

5.6.12.1 Hazards

Additional hazards associated with the use of tag lines include the following:

Potential injuries from dropped objects as a result of the personnel handling cargo
having to work closer to suspended loads than would normally be the case.

Potential injuries from slips, trips and falls associated with distracted personnel.

Potential injuries resulting from the personnel handling cargo being dragged across the
handling area because of a heavy load rotating in an uncontrolled manner and/or the tag
line becoming entangled in limbs or clothing.

Potential injuries resulting from tag lines being secured to adjacent fixed structures
parting and whipping back as a result of a heavy load rotating in an uncontrolled
manner.

5.6.12.2 Dos

41

Make sure that at all times the personnel handling tag lines work at a horizontal
distance from the load equivalent to its height above the handling area, maintaining an
angle between the line and the horizontal of not more than 45 degrees.

Keep all sections of the line, including slack, in front of the body, between the handler
and the load.

Ensure that when two or more persons are handling the same line, ALL of them must
work on the same side of the line. Any slack must be kept in front of the group.

Hold the tag line in such a manner that it can be quickly and totally released.

Lifting and Rigging

Take extra care when using tag lines while wearing gloves to ensure that the line does
not become entangled with the glove.

5.6.12.3 Donts

Dont secure or attach tag line in any manner to adjacent structures or equipment. This
includes the practice of making a round turn on stanchions or similar structures and
surging the line to control the load.

Dont loop tag line around wrists, or other parts of the body.

Dont retrieve taglines by going under load.

5.6.13 Chain Hoist Pre-Use Inspection

The inspection procedure for chain hoists is basically the same whether it is a
differential, screw gear, spur gear, air or electric.
There may be some specific inspection procedures for specific hoists, so always consult
the manufacturers manual.

Figure 22.

Chain Hoist

Overhead Hoist
Any person, Company or Contract, who operates an overhead hoist will be a qualified rigger.
Before operation of overhead hoists, a pre-use inspection will be performed and documented
on the Overhead Hoist Pre-Use Inspection Form (106KB).
Pre-use inspections will only be required once per day when a hoist is operated.
A qualified rigger will perform these inspections.
Annual overhead hoist inspections will be performed on hoists and documented on the
Annual Overhead Hoist Inspection Form (72KB).
Inspections will be performed by a qualified inspector.
A file will be maintained at each field location for all overhead hoists
installed in that field. This file will contain copies of both the pre-use
inspection forms and annual inspection forms. The file should also include all
maintenance and repair documentation. Records will be retained for a period of
four years.

5.6.13.1 Pre-Use Inspection Procedure

1. Braking Mechanism Check by lifting a load a short distance and then lowering to
its original position while checking for slippage or free run.
2. Load Chain Look for wear, twists, broken or damaged links. Chain should be
clean and free of foreign material or excessive rust. Chain should be properly
lubricated.
42

Lifting and Rigging

3. Hook Look for wear, heavy nicks, cracks or deformation. The hook must turn
freely and the latch should be operative.
NOTE: Any hook that is twisted or has throat opening in excess of normal
indicates overloading or abuse of the hoist and requires an inspection of all
other load bearing components on the hoist for damage.
5.6.13.2 Chains Pre-Use Inspection

Chains may typically be used for chain hoists, come-a-longs and on burn baskets.
Whenever chain slings are used for other lifting activities, the chain sling must be
certified and fully inspected before use. Use of chain slings should be discouraged in
corrosive environments such as offshore locations, and whenever accurate
inspections for chain slings cannot be assured on or offshore. Lift plans incorporating
the use of chains should document the specific steps used to assure appropriate use
of chain slings, and include specific steps detailing how tie-down chain use will be
prevented.
Note: If only one link fails, the whole sling fails, unlike a wire rope sling that can
have several broken wires before it will fail.
Chain inspections include 4 areas: (1) Stretch, (2) Cracked or broken welds, (3)
Cracked Links, and (4) Excessive wear.

Chain slings will not be used for lifting, except when being used with overhead
hoists during maintenance operations. Exceptions for special lift operations
must be approved by the Crane Team.
Do NOT use burn baskets.

Figure 23.

Chain

Pre-use inspection of chain slings intended for lifting activities shall include the
following:

43

The inspection shall be conducted before each use by a Qualified Rigger or other
competent person qualified to complete an inspection of the chain sling and associated
components;

The chain sling shall be confirmed as suitable for the specific lifting activities sited in
the lift plan and JSA/HA and have legible identifying marks and/or certification ; and

The chain inspection shall confirm that the following are satisfactory before use:

The chain shall show no indication of corrosive action;

Lifting and Rigging

Each chain link shall be free from

Cracking anywhere

Broken or repaired welds

Elongation

Deformation

Thinning or wear points

Indicators showing excessive heat (burned) or electrical arc exposure

The chain shall be free of non-original equipment manufacturer (OEM) components

or parts

5.6.14 Pad Eye Pre-Use Inspection

Pad eyes will be engineered and certified to ensure suitability for the intended load and
service. To ensure a smooth surface in the direction of the lift, holes in pad eyes
fabricated in the shop or fabrication yard shall be drilled, reamed, punched or cut with a
mechanically guided torch at right angles to the surface of the metal.
Pad eyes should be inspected for signs of damage, corrosion, cracking of the welds and
correct color code or equivalent certification and/or inspection indication such as
stamping onto the pad eye. Pad eyes that are no longer required for routine lifting
operations and are not required to be routinely recertified shall be disabled from use by:

Blanking off

Cutting out the top web of the eye

Removing completely from service

The Annual Crane Inspection form requires a visual inspection of the pull test pad-eye.

5.6.15 Trolley Pre-Use Inspection

Trolleys are mounted on beams with a chain hoist connected to the lower end. They
should be inspected on a regular basis for wear or damage. Items to check include:
1. Capacity markings
2. Current color code
3. Assembly bolting
4. Load bar assembly
5. Steel frame condition
6. Wheel bearings
7. Wheels

44

Lifting and Rigging

Figure 24.

Beam Trolley

Particular attention shall be paid to the condition of the beam stops at either end of any
beam prior to use. Ensure that they are in good condition and securely fixed.

5.6.16 Drum Lifters Pre-Use Inspection

Engineered drum lifters of the types shown below are approved for use for deck-to-deck
lifts ONLY. They are not approved for deck to boat lifts.
Verify that the drum is of suitable construction for the engineered drum lifter to be used
before lifting.
NOTE: No drum lifters are suitable for drums that have been converted by cutting
out the top lid. These modified drums run the risk of structural collapse if lifted by
this method with any weight inside.
For drum lifts deck to vessel, baskets must be used. Web belt slings are not allowed.

45

Lifting and Rigging

Figure 25.

Drum Lifters

Drums Rack
A drum rack will be used to move drums to or from a vessel offshore. For onboard lifts
(static lifts), drums may be moved with web choker hitches and single
metal drums may be moved with a locking drum clamp. Cargo nets may not be used
to move drums.

5.6.17 Lifting Sling Sizing Pre-Use Inspection

Verify that all lifting slings are properly sized for the lift activity planned. Use Qualified Crane
Operators or Qualified Riggers, or other engineering resources to make this determination.
Refer to section 5.11.2 Slings for additional information.

5.6.18 Personnel Transfer by Basket

Personnel transfer may be accomplished by a Billy Pugh or other manufacturers
personnel basket. A personnel basket is made up of a main ring, netting, upper ring,
lifting ring, lifting sling, and two steady ropes.
It must be constructed so it is capable of serving as a temporary life raft for the
maximum number of persons that it is designed to carry.

5.6.19 Minimum Crane Specification for Personnel Transfers

The recommendations outlined in API Spec 2C and API RP 2D shall be followed when
using cranes to transfer personnel.

46

Lifting and Rigging

These cranes will be classified as personnel handling and will be identified using a
label depicting a personnel basket. The hoists will be equipped with a personnel
handling certification tag. The hoist certifications will be maintained in the crane file.
Personnel certified hoists will be maintained as per manufacturers recommendations.
Cranes classified as personnel handling will be equipped with the following:

Boom hoist pawl (when crane design requires device): Located on Lattice Boom
Cranes to prevent unintentional lowering of the boom in mechanical crane design
applications.

Emergency load lowering kit: Available on the platform.

NOTE: Only trained personnel will perform Emergency Load Lowering Procedure.

Integrally mounted counter balance valve: A holding device for hydraulic boom
cylinders on box boom cranes.

Hooks on headache balls or blocks: Will be of a type that can be closed and locked.
(See - API Spec 2C)

Figure 26.

Hook

5.6.20 Personnel Basket - Pre-Use Inspection

It is the responsibility of the Qualified Crane Operator and deck crew involved to ensure
that the personnel basket is in serviceable condition before use. This inspection should
include, but not be limited to:

Check top flotation ring for deterioration or damaged closed cell foam.

Check sidewall rigging line splices (top and bottom) for wear, UV degradation
(blistering, discoloration or cracking) and unraveling.

Ensure all synthetic rope splices have a 3 tuck minimum.

Check bottom flotation ring for deterioration or damaged closed cell foam.

Inspect bottom platform ring for deterioration, cracks or angular distortion.

All hooks, excluding choker hooks and sorting hooks, should have functional safety
latches. The latch must be completely closed when in use. Hooks used in Personnel
Transfer operations must have a functional safety latch with a positive locking device,
i.e. lock pin.

47

Visually inspect safety load line when attached to crane.

Inspect crane hook positive locking device for function and physical condition.

Check date of last inspection.

Lifting and Rigging

All personnel baskets will be changed out after 5 years service life, or more frequently
based on inspection.

All personnel baskets must be stored in a weather proof container.

Each personnel basket will contain a stainless steel certification tag provided by the
manufacturer that includes the following information:

Company or owners name

Description

Pertinent Working Load Limits

Size and length of the sling

Supplier's name

Proof test certification number and date

Check top flotation ring for

deterioration or damaged closed cell
foam.
Check sidewall rigging line splices
(top & bottom) for wear, UV
degradation (blistering,
discoloration, or cracking), and
unraveling. All synthetic rope
splices should have a 3 tuck
minimum.
Check bottom flotation ring for
deterioration or damaged closed cell
foam. Inspect bottom platform ring
for deterioration, cracks or angular
distortion.

Figure 27.

Personnel Basket

5.6.21 Personnel Transfer Capsule Pre-Use Inspection

Visually inspect safety load line when attaching to crane. Inspect crane hook positive
locking device for function and physical condition. Verify that the personnel transfer
capsule certification is current before each use.
Recommended tag line incorporates horizontal wrapping on a urethane dipped polydac
base rope for non-slip gripping. This tag line may incorporate a snap hook for quick
installation.
The most common lengths are 3.6 4.5 meters (12 - 15ft).
The Frog is a personnel transfer capsule that is an alternative to the Billy Pugh Personnel
basket. The Frog Personnel Transfer Capsule includes:

48

Lifting and Rigging

A stainless steel frame with an inner spring-dampened seating assembly mounted on a

central column

Three landing feet with anti-skid design to provide shock protection

A low center of gravity which helps when landing on a heaving vessel and on uneven
surfaces

Floating and self-righting capabilities if immersed in water

Ability to be converted into 'Marine Ambulance' mode

Figure 28.

Frog Personnel Transfer Capsule

5.6.22 Man Riding Work Baskets Pre-Use Inspection

Due to the dangers involved, Man Riding Work Baskets should ONLY be used when the
use of scaffolding, ladders, aerial lifts or other conventional means of access are more
hazardous or are not possible because of structural design or worksite conditions.
Employee safety, not convenience, must determine which method is to be used.
Minimum crane requirements for use of man riding work baskets are the same as for the
use of personnel baskets. Before hoisting employees, Qualified Crane Operators must
conduct a trial lift to 125 percent of the Safe Working Load (SWL) of the man basket
immediately prior to any personnel entering the basket. The Crane Operator shall move
the unmanned work basket through all anticipated crane movements and basket path
operations during the trial lift. The trial lift shall keep the work basket suspended for at
least five minutes before re-landing the basket to grade.
After the trial lift and before personnel enter the basket, a visual inspection of the crane
and man basket will be conducted to determine if the lift test exposed any defects or
produced any adverse effects on any component or structure. If repair or replacement is
deemed necessary, a new trial lift will be necessary before using the man riding work
platform once repair(s)/replacement(s) have been implemented.
Each time there is a need to move to a different worksite, or the man riding work basket
had been detached from the crane rigging, or the scope of work basket movement has
been changed, a trial lift shall be completed prior to the manned lift.
A pre-job safety meeting shall be held with personnel involved in the man riding work
baskets lifting to ensure that everyone understands their job assignment. Work vests (for
offshore or dock work) and safety harnesses shall be used in all cases.

49

Lifting and Rigging

A dedicated Qualified Rigger will be assigned to watch the work basket at all times and
remain in radio contact with the Qualified Crane Operator, the personnel being hoisted
and any other assigned Signalman.

Figure 29.

5.7

Work Baskets

Crane Operations (stationary and mobile)

5.7.1 Crane File/Record Book

A crane file or record book will be prepared and maintained for each crane. Any
permanent modification to critical components will become part of the permanent crane
file. The file or book will contain:

50

Name of the cranes manufacturer (life of crane)

Manufacturers address and telephone number (life of crane)

Manufacturers model and serial number (life of crane)

Copy of the rated load chart for the existing reeving configuration and boom length at
corresponding load radii and boom angles (life of crane)

Copies of each pre-use, monthly, quarterly and annual inspection record (for four
years)

Copies of required load testing including the company, inspector, procedures and
results (life of crane)

Master file containing proof of qualification for each Qualified Crane Operator
authorized to operate the crane shall be maintained at each field office. Contract
Qualified Crane Operators are required to provide proof of qualification at the work
location.

Master file containing proof of qualification for each Qualified Rigger authorized to rig
loads shall be maintained at each location/field office. Contract Qualified Riggers are
required to provide proof of qualification at the work location.

Lifting and Rigging

Master file containing proof of qualification for each Qualified Crane Inspector
working in the Business Unit will be maintained at the Centralized Maintenance
Organization (CMO) Crane Mechanical Team Leaders (MTL) office

Copies of wire rope certifications (running rope and standing rope; life of rope)

Date and description of each alteration (life of crane).

Date and description of each repair (four years)

Certifications for personnel handling hoist (life of hoist)

NOTE: Required records for Qualified Crane Operators and Qualified Riggers will be
maintained on site. Providers of cranes owned by third parties (i.e., crane barges, rental
cranes, etc.) are required to provide crane files and records containing the equipment
information outlined above. A copy of this information will be available at the work site
where the crane is located.
5.7.1.1 Weight Indicators

Weight indicators and portable dynamometers (crane scales) shall be maintained in

operational condition at all times of use.
The weight of all cargo over will be recorded on the shipping manifest and
marked legibly on the cargo before shipping. If the cargo weight is unknown and a
weight indicator is not installed, the cargo weight shall be determined using a
dynamometer or some other means. Dynamometers must not be used under dynamic
conditions.
When a dynamometer is used to determine weight, the dynamometer serial number
and load weight must be documented on the shipping manifest. For loads sent from
field locations into shorebase locations, the load weights will be verified with the
shorebase cranes. Any significant deviations from the shipping manifest will be
communicated to the Operations Supervisor.
The calibration frequency for dynamometers should follow the manufacturers
recommendations (typically annually).

5.7.2 Load Blocks

The main hoist load block and auxiliary hoist headache ball will be painted with a highly
visible paint, such as bright orange or green, for maximum visibility. Photo
Luminescence paint must not be used on head balls, as this may interfere with a ships
station keeping equipment.

5.7.3 Crane Operations near Overhead Power Lines

In areas where overhead power lines may pose a threat to safe crane operations (shore
bases, land locations, etc.) the following safety precautions shall be observed:
1. Notify the local area Electrical Engineer or I&E Specialist at least 24 hours before
beginning any work that requires identification of voltages and clearances, or de-energize,
apply safety grounds, or relocate lines.
2. Power lines shall be presumed energized until the utility owner/operator confirms that the
power line has been deenergized and visibly grounded at the worksite.
3. A Permit to Work form is required for this work.
4. Inform employees of the hazards and precautions when working near overhead lines.

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Lifting and Rigging

5. Ensure that crane operations are not conducted in proximity to overhead power lines.
Proximity is defined as within 10 feet (3 meters) to 50 kV (refer to Table 5 below for
additional minimal clearance requirements). If the Qualified Crane Operator is not sure of
voltage on the overhead power lines, he or she must get approval from their supervisor
before crane operations begin and follow instructions in item one above.
6. All tag lines used shall be clean and non-conductive (this includes the material properties
of the tag line and other conditions that may affect tag lines, such as wet conditions due to
weather).
7. Post warning decals, labels, or signs on cranes and similar equipment regarding the 10-foot
(3 meters) minimum clearance.
8. Ensure that when equipment is working near the proximity of overhead lines a spotter(s)
is dedicated to observing for safe working clearances around all overhead lines. The spotter
shall be able to communicate directly with the Crane Operator.
NOTE: The communication system used between the spotter and crane operator shall be
tested and proved reliable and clear on site before any lift near the proximity of overhead
lines. The communications channel used by the spotter shall be dedicated and where the
crane operator is able to receive the signals from the spotter hands free.
9. Use warning cones as visible indicators of the 10-foot (3 meters)safety zone when
working near the proximity of overhead power lines.
The local area power company should be consulted for guidance.
NOTE: Working near the proximity is defined as working within a distance from any
overhead power lines, which are less than combined length of the lifting device, the
associated load length, and the required minimum clearance distance (as define in item 5).
Required Clearance from Crane Pivot Point = Lift Equipment Height + Load Length
+ At Least 10 feet (3 meters).
Table 4.
Minimum Clearance Distances for Cranes Near Proximity to Overhead Power
Lines

Voltage
(nominal, KV, alternating current)

Minimum (proximity) Clearance Distance

(feet)

Up to 50

10 (3.1 meters)

Over 50 to 200

15 (4.6 meters)

Over 200 to 350

20 (6.2 meters)

Over 350 to 500

25 (7.6 meters)

Over 500 to 750

35 (10.7 meters)

Over 750 to 1,000

45 (13.7 meters)

Over 1,000

As established by the utility owner/operator or

registered professional engineer who is a
qualified person with respect to electrical power
transmission and distribution.

Note: These distances represent minimum safe working distances of all equipment and personnel that
are not deemed qualified utility workers by the utility owner/operator

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Lifting and Rigging

5.7.4 Personnel Transfers

The recommendations outlined in API Spec 2C and API RP 2D shall be followed when
cranes are used to transfer personnel. These cranes will be classified as personnel
handling and will be identified by a label depicting a personnel basket. The hoists will
be equipped with a personnel handling certification tag.
The hoist certifications will be maintained in the crane file. Personnel certified hoists
will be maintained per manufacturer's recommendations.
Cranes classified as personnel handling will be equipped with a boom hoist pawl to
prevent the unintentional lowering of the boom. For hydraulic boom cylinders, the crane
will be equipped with a holding device such as an integrally mounted check valve.
NOTE: If a stinger is used to transfer personnel, both hooks (i.e., headache ball/block
and stinger) will be of a type that can be closed and locked.
Personnel baskets that are used to transfer people to and from rigs, platforms, and boats
will be of a design and in a condition suitable for the intended purpose per API RP 2D.
Each personnel basket will contain a stainless steel certification tag provided by the
manufacturer. The certification tag should specify the Owners name, description,
pertinent working load limits, size and length of the sling, the supplier's name, and
proof test certification number and date.
The service life of personnel baskets shall be verified during the routine monthly
inspections. All personnel baskets shall be inspected and removed from service as per
manufacturers recommendations. However, any personnel basket found to be in service
for five years or longer (from certification date) at time of inspection shall be replaced.
All Billy Pugh X904 personnel baskets are required to be inspected every six months
and be returned for refurbishment every two years.
A tag line shall be used on all personnel transfer baskets. The tag line should be attached
to the bottom center of the basket and shall be free of any knots, loops, or splices.
Qualified Crane Operators shall ensure that Qualified Riggers do not get beneath the
basket to retrieve the tag line. If necessary, hooks or other devices should be used.
All personnel being transported on a personnel basket are required to wear a personal
flotation device (PFD) approved for such transfers and position themselves in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions. No cargo other than personal luggage
or small tool bags/boxes will be carried in personnel baskets. To avoid unexpected shifts
during the lift, luggage will be positioned in the centre of the basket, not stacked.
Personnel baskets should not be on a platform unless the platform crane is classified for
personnel handling. The crane load charts will include capacity rating for personnel lifts.
It is the responsibility of the Qualified Crane Operator and the Qualified Rigger
specifically to ensure that the personnel basket is in serviceable condition before use. At
a minimum, the following conditions should be looked for: frayed or broken nylon
ropes, worn or kinked cables, and dry-rotted canvas mat in center. See also Section
5.6.20.
It is the responsibility of any employee hiring a third-party Qualified Crane Operator
that will perform personnel transfers to ensure that the person is a Qualified Crane
Operator and is experienced with personnel lifts.
Personnel baskets must never be removed from or attached to from the auxiliary ball on the
deck of a marine vessel. This action may allow the auxiliary ball or wire rope to come in
contact with personnel or, with the boat.

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Lifting and Rigging

If a personnel basket is to be moved from one location to another, the personnel basket must be
handled as thought it were a load and a stinger must be used. At this time, NO passengers or
cargo are allowed on this personnel basket.
Stingers may be used on personnel baskets if the stinger and the auxiliary ball hooks are both
equipped with positive locking devices that are fully engaged and locked.

5.7.5 Suspended Personnel Platforms

The use of personnel baskets for performing work at suspended heights is prohibited;
only approved personnel platforms are allowed. The use of a crane or derrick to hoist
employees on a personnel platform is prohibited, except when the erection, use, and
dismantling of conventional means of reaching the work site, such as a personnel hoist,
ladder, stairway, aerial lift, elevating work platform or scaffold, would be more
hazardous or is not possible because of structural design or work site conditions.
5.7.5.1 Simultaneous Crane and Helicopter Operation

Where cranes are positioned in the proximity of helidecks, approach/take-off zones

or helicopter under slung load operations, crane booms shall be retracted and the
crane shall be shut down while a helicopter is approaching, landing, taking off,
running on the helideck or attaching or releasing load.
If a crane is in use and helicopter operations begin (e.g., a helicopter approaches a
helideck), the crane load shall be landed and secured before the aircraft lands (the
Qualified Crane Operator must not leave a load suspended, except for Subsea lifts).
The worksite shall communicate this information to the aircraft in a timely manner.
After finishing the lift, the cranes boom shall be retracted and the crane shut down
so there shall be no interference with flight operations. The Qualified Crane Operator
shall not be at the control station during helicopter landing, take-off, or while a
helicopter is running (except for Subsea lifts, if the crane boom does not encroach
into the helideck or approach areas of the helideck).
The senior pilot in your area should be contacted if there is any doubt
regarding the safety of crane/helicopter operations at shorebase or offshore
locations.

5.7.6 Communication
Before a lift is made, the Lift team shall discuss and document, where necessary, the
circumstances of the lift. The Qualified Crane Operator will obtain all pertinent
information before the lift begins. The Qualified Crane Operator is responsible for the
safe operation of the crane and has the authority to refuse to make any lift.
The qualified crane operator will obtain all pertinent information contained on the shipping
manifest before cargo transfer begins. After consultation with the crane operator, the vessel
captain will determine if cargo can be transferred to or from the vessel safely. Any party may
refuse to make a transfer for safety reasons (i.e. using the Stop Work Authority (SWA)
process).

5.7.7 Radio Communication (Primary)

Lift team members will use radios and hand signals to communicate during the lift
operation. If radio communication is not available for key members of the Lift team, a
written JSA is required along with written approval by the Operations Supervisor (or
designee) before conducting the lift operation.

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Lifting and Rigging

NOTE: When working near proximity to overhead power lines that have not been
deenergized and visibly grounded at the work site (per section 5.7.3) suitable electronic
communications shall be required at all times during lifting operations.
NOTE: Caution must be taken to ensure that the type of radio used is suitable for the
work environment.

5.7.8 Hand Signals (Secondary)

Hand signals are a key link between the Qualified Crane Operator and the Qualified
Rigger. Using hand signals allows the Qualified Rigger to direct the Qualified Crane
Operator. Therefore, learning these hand signals is necessary to Crane Operations. The
API RP 2D hand signal chart is the generally accepted standard for hand signals used
in the oil industry. Other appropriate hand signals may be used in crane operations.
Hand signals used for a lift must be agreed upon in advance by the Qualified Crane
Operator and Qualified Rigger(s). Any person may give the emergency stop signal.
However, only the designated Signalman may give any other signals.

5.7.9 Pre-Use Checklist and JSAs

A written JSA must be prepared by lift team members before beginning a lift operation.
For lift operations where a written JSA may not be feasible, particularly dynamic lifts
where part of the Lift team is on a platform and the other part on a boat, a pre lift check
list will be used (Crane Pre-Use Inspection Checklist). This tool contains a bulleted list
of key safety checkpoints for crane operations that should be considered. Before
beginning the lift operation, members of the Lift team (e.g., Qualified Crane Operator,
Qualified Riggers, and Vessel Captain) will have access to a copy of this checklist and
verbally (by radio) check each bullet to ensure that all safety requirements have been
met.
Lift Team Responsibilities
The Lift Team will consist of all key personnel involved in the planning and
execution of a lift operation. The Lift Team will typically include a Qualified
Crane Operator, one or more Qualified Riggers, and the Vessel Captain. Depending
on the scope of the lift operation, the Lift Team may also include the
following: Facilities Engineer, Facilities Representative, Drilling
Representative, Workover Representative, and Production Operator. Key
responsibilities of the Lift Team are outlined below. Specific responsibilities
of key Lift Team members are provided in later sections.
Before the operation, members of the Lift team have these responsibilities:

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Prepare a written JSA and lift plan for all critical and non-routine lifts

Lift made without the use of radio communication requires a written JSA.

Evaluate the lift operations to determine if additional Qualified Riggers are needed to
assist in loading or offloading operations

Conduct a pre-lift meeting to review scope of work and execution plan

Review pre lift check list with all members of Lift team

Ensure that a clear method of communication is established

Lifting and Rigging

Assess site conditions to ensure that the lift operation can be conducted safely (sea
state, currents, wind speed and direction, weather, size of vessel, position of cargo,
and adequate lighting)

Review the lift path and weight of loads to determine if specific simultaneous
operations procedures are required to protect production equipment from falling
loads. Refer to the Simultaneous Operations

5.7.9.1 During Operation

During the operation, members of the Lift team have these responsibilities:

Maintain constant communication between Lift team members.

If site conditions change or if the lift operations change from the original plan, stop
work and conduct another pre-lift meeting. Complete Crane Pre-Use Inspection
Checklist and JSA, as required, before continuing with the lifts.

Crane Operator Responsibilities

All personnel, Company or Contract, who operate cranes will be Qualified Crane Operators,
as per API RP 2D, and will be able to provide documentation indicating that they have
successfully completed a crane operator training course that meets the requirements of API
RP 2D. All crane operators will also be designated as Class "A," "B," or "C". A Qualified
Crane Operator must be re-qualified at a minimum of every four years. A Qualified Crane
Operator must also meet the requirements of a Qualified Rigger. Only Qualified Crane
Inspectors are allowed to make repairs to critical components on a crane. (See API Spec 2C,
Appendix A.)
The crane operator will always be the leader of the Lift Team. In addition to
the Lift Team responsibilities listed above, the crane operator's
responsibilities also include those listed below.
Pre-Operation
Before the operation, the crane operator has these responsibilities:
Participate in pre-lift meeting as discussed in Lift Team Responsibilities
above.
Ensure that written JSA is prepared as required.
Conduct pre-use inspection before beginning crane operations.
Ensure that heavy lift inspections have been completed within 21 days of
making a heavy lift.
Verify that all personnel involved in executing the lift operation have the
proper qualifications (crane operator, rigger).
Designate a Qualified Rigger as a signal person any time the Qualified Crane
Operator is unable to see a load.
Ensure that only Qualified Riggers and essential personnel are allowed in the
work area during lift operations.
Verify load weights by markings on the load and documentation on the shipping
manifest.
Verify that the appropriate load-rating chart is in place and that the reeving
is properly configured to accommodate the planned loads.
Ensure that the proper rigging equipment is selected and inspected by a Qualified
Crane Operator, a Qualified Crane Inspector, or a Qualified Rigger before the
lift.

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Lifting and Rigging

During Operation
During the operation, the crane operator has these responsibilities:
Assume ultimate responsibility for safe operation of the crane.
Never start machine movement unless the load or signal person is within range
of vision. Appropriate signals (audible or visual) must be given.
Respond to signals only from the appointed signal person and emergency stop
signals from anyone at anytime.
Ensure that crane capacity, as shown in the load chart, is not exceeded during
crane operations.
Be aware of helicopter traffic and follow procedures outlined in the Aviation
section.
When cranes are operated at night, ensure that there is sufficient lighting
for safe operation. The load and landing area should be illuminated.
Wear proper work clothes and personal protective equipment in accordance with
PPE requirements.
Stop any lift operation deemed unsafe (exercise stop work authority).
Evaluate crane operations during bad weather or when ability to communicate
with the signal person is impaired. All crane operations will be stopped when
seas meet or exceed 12 ft and/or winds meet or exceed 35 mph. Crane operations
will be stopped under these conditions:

Post-Operation
After the operation, the crane operator has these responsibilities:
Ensure that the crane is properly secured and controls are turned off or to
the neutral (hydraulic cranes) position before leaving the crane.
Do not leave crane unattended with a load in the air. Always lower the load to
the deck before leaving the crane. (See Unattended Control Stations for
exceptions during wireline operations.)
Document the winch run time and any pertinent comments concerning the crane
on the pre-use inspection form.
Pre-hurricane
Secure the air inlet and exhaust system from water entry
Ensure the start system hydraulic pressure if fully charged
Ensure the fuel tank is full
Secure the cranes boom to the platform
Secure the cab and all access doors
Post a notice of the cranes condition (air inlet/exhaust, boom tie down, etc.) at the
control station and note it on the pre-use inspection form.
Crane Isolation Hazardous Energy (LOTO) procedure shall be followed.

Post-hurricane
Remove items used to secure the air inlet and exhaust system from water entry
Removed device used to secure the cranes boom to the platform
Rotate cranes engine one complete revolution by hand (using a socket and
ratchet) before engaging the starter
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Complete a Monthly Crane Inspection

Be aware of crane swing damage
Be aware of pedestal or platform damage that could leave the crane unlevel
Note in the Pre-Use form comment section that the crane has been place back in
service and follow Crane Isolation Hazardous Energy (LOTO) procedures.

Rigger Responsibilities
The Qualified Rigger is an integral part of crane operations, shipping, material
movement, and rigging. Qualified Riggers have certain responsibilities and
duties that are critical to the safe load lifting and attaching activities. The
crane operator and rigger(s) must work as a team.
All personnel who participate in rigging operations on will be Qualified Riggers, as
per API RP 2D, and will be able to provide documentation indicating that they have
successfully completed a rigger-training course that meets the requirements of API
RP 2D. Rigging operations will include, at minimum, attaching and/or detaching
lifting equipment to loads and providing signals to crane operators.
Communication among the Lift Team is one of the most important responsibilities.
Along with the crane operator, the rigger will always be a key member of the
Lift Team. In addition to the Lift Team responsibilities listed previously, the
rigger's responsibilities also include those listed below.
Pre-Operation
Before the operation, the rigger has these responsibilities:
Participate in pre-lift meeting as per Lift Team Responsibilities (see above).
Ensure that only Qualified Riggers and essential personnel are allowed in the
work area during lift operations.
Verify load weights by markings on the load and documentation on the shipping
manifest.
Select the proper rigging equipment and/or cargo container for the lift.
Verify the safe working loads of the equipment and tackle being used and never
exceed this limit.
Inspect all hardware, equipment, tackle, and slings before use. Destroy or
render unusable any defective components.
Verify that all slings have proper certification tags. If the identification
tag is missing, the sling will not be used. If a replacement tag cannot be
obtained, the sling must be destroyed.
Inspect all loads or cargo containers, including permanent slings or tackle.
Evaluate load stability and potential for spill or release of fluids.
Ensure that a designated signal person is identified and communication methods
are agreed upon.
During Operation
During the operation, the rigger has these responsibilities:
Assume responsibility for the safety of all personnel around the crane
operations and crane operating area, including personal safety.
When designated, act as a signal person during the lift operation.
Look for potentially unsafe situations and provide a warning to the crane
operator and others in the crane operations and crane operating area.

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Do not stand between the load and another stationary object or boat railing
(pinch zone). The rigger should be facing the crane at a safe distance and
never directly beneath the load.
Wear proper work clothes and personal protective equipment in accordance with
PPE requirements.
Stop any lift operation deemed as unsafe (exercise stop work authority).
Post-Operation
After the operation, the rigger has these responsibilities:
Properly secure loads on vessels, using equipment furnished by the vessel
company.
Properly store and maintain rigging equipment and tackle.
Vessel Captain Responsibilities (Norm provided the wording)
The cargo will be positioned on the deck of the vessel to facilitate ease of rigging
during offloading operations.Safety of the vessel, crew and passengers is always the
primary responsibility of the vessels Captain. Weather, vessels position with
respect to the platform/structure, stability, placement of cargo are all considered part
of his primary responsibility. The Captain has a legal responsibility for the safety of
the vessel.
For any lift operations that involve a boat or marine vessel, the vessel captain
will always be a key member of the Lift Team. In addition to the Lift Team
responsibilities listed in a previous section, the vessel captain's
responsibilities also include the following:
Participate in pre-lift meeting, by radio, as per Lift Team Responsibilities
above.
Participate, by radio, in preparation of written JSAs as required.
Ensure the vessel's stability for all cargo placed upon its deck.
Ensure that proper fastening equipment for securing the cargo is onboard (in
good working condition) and is furnished by the vessel company.
Ensure that cargo is properly positioned and secured before leaving the dock
or offshore facility.
Ensure that all deckhands and personnel participating in
rigging operations on the vessel wear proper work clothes and personal
protective equipment in accordance with PPE requirements.
Ensure that all tag lines attached to cargo are properly positioned or removed
to prevent trip hazards and to prevent tag lines from being trapped beneath
other cargo.
Stop any lift operation to or from the vessel he deems as unsafe (exercise
Stop Work Authority).
Ensure that the vessel is maneuvered away from the load during the lift
operation.
Maintain communication with the Lift Team during lift operations (hand signals
and radio).
Ensure that all cargo loaded onto vessel is properly documented on the
shipping manifest, with weights recorded.
A platform crane MUST be taken out of service for the following reasons:

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The high angle boom kick-out does not stop the upward movement of the boom.

The low angle boom kick-out does not stop the downward movement of the boom.

Lifting and Rigging

Visual cracks, corrosion, and deformation of any structural component (API RP 2d

and some OEMs provide specific guidelines for allowable corrosion and
component deformation).

Visual deformation on the boom pendant lines.

Visual deformation on the boom hoist wire rope.

Visual leaks (hydraulic, lube oil, or coolant).

The emergency engine shut down (air inlet ESD) fails to totally stop the drivers
operation.

The exhaust system has any leaks or, the exhaust insulation is damaged.

Brake slippage on the boom hoist.

Hydraulic brake test failure on the boom hoist.

Boom hydraulic cylinder leakage (either internal bypassing - boom cylinders fail to
hold the load or external seal leakage).

The boom hoist pawl fails to engage.

Crane load chart is missing or illegible.

Crane hand signal chart is missing or illegible.

Swing brake slippage.

Low oil level in boom hoist slight glass.

Damaged or missing pins or fasteners.

Damaged or missing boom angle indicator.

Oil coming out of the boom hoist vent plug

Hydraulic control sticking.

At the discretion of the Qualified Operator (if he feels that the crane is unsafe to
operate).

NOTE - A crane that is taken out of service for repairs will not be put back into service
until approved/authorized by a Qualified Crane Inspector. The above list may not cover
every deficiency that could possibly remove a crane from service.

5.8

Mobile Crane Operations

5.8.1 Inspections
Each mobile crane must be inspected by a competent person for mechanical defects
upon its arrival, again before its use on the site, and monthly thereafter. A Safety
Inspection Checklist for Construction Equipment must be completed and retained in the
maintenance records. The operator must perform a daily inspection and must document
the findings prior to the cranes use on each shift.
It is recommended that the equipment be load-tested only in accordance with the
manufacturer specifications and limitations and local regulations.
No modifications or alterations that affect the capacity or safe operation of the
equipment can be made without written approval from the manufacturer.

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5.8.2 Operator Training

Mobile Qualified Crane Operators must be competent to read and understand the
manufacturer's operations manual for the assigned make and model of machine, the
applicable standards, and any additional applicable information concerning the operation
of their assigned machines.
A mobile Qualified Crane Operator must be qualified to operate the specific type of
crane assigned.

5.8.3 Operations Restrictions

The operations restrictions must be followed:

Accessible areas within the swing radius of the rotating superstructure counterweight of
a crane must be barricaded to prevent workers from being struck or crushed by the
counterweight.

Hand signals or radio communication must be used.

Copies of the manufacturer operators manual for each make and model machine must
be in the cab of the crane. The manufacturer specifications and limitations must be
followed.

Attachments used with cranes must not exceed the capacity of rating or scope
recommended by the crane manufacturer.

Workers must not ride the headache ball, the hook, or the load being handled by the
crane. All operations involving the use of suspended personnel baskets or platforms
must comply with the requirements specified in this chapter. The crane must be
equipped with an anti-two-blocking device.

Only one load may be hoisted at a time. Two or more separately rigged loads must not
be hoisted in one lift, even if the combined loads are within the rated capacity.

5.8.4 Electrical Hazards

These electrical hazard requirements must be followed:

When operating equipment in the vicinity of electrical distribution or transmission

lines, never place any part of the machine or load closer than the identified working
clearances found in the Electrical Safe Work Practice.

Equipment may be operated in the vicinity of electrical distribution or transmission

lines if the following is verified:

The lines are de-energized and are grounded at the point of work
Insulating barriers that are not part of the equipment are erected
All lines must be considered energized unless the owner of the lines indicates in
writing that they are not energized and that the lines are grounded at the point of
operation

5.8.5 Pick and Carry

Traveling with a load (pick and carry) is not recommended as a means of transporting
loads from one location to another on the site. If traveling with a load is necessary,
follow the guidance in section 5.8.5.1 below. Forklifts, boom trucks, and flatbed trucks
should be used to transport these loads rather than pick and carry operations.

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Traveling with suspended loads entails many variables (for example, the type of terrain,
boom length, and momentum in starting and stopping). Therefore, it is impossible to
formulate a single standard procedure with any assurance of safety.
5.8.5.1 Traveling Precautions

When forced to travel with a load, the Crane Operator must evaluate the prevailing
conditions and determine the applicable safety precautions, which include, but are
not limited to, the following:

Do not exceed the rated on rubber capacity chart

Position the boom parallel to the direction of travel
Engage the swing (house) lock
Maintain as short a boom length and as low a boom angle as possible
Secure the load to the carrier
Provide tag or restraint lines to snub load swing
Carry the load close to the ground
Ensure that outriggers are fully stowed (retracted).
Never use outriggers for carrying a load/object.
Verify that the terrain is smooth, firm, and level
Maintain a travel speed that is suitable to terrain
Avoid sudden starting and stopping
Maintain correct tire pressure for the type of tire used
Always use a flag person (boom watch), both front and rear, to direct and watch for
hazards. The flag person must watch for power lines and for other overhead
obstructions.
Do not raise the load any greater than needed, maintain as low as reasonably
practicable

5.8.6 Notices and Posting

The following information must be posted and be visible to the crane operator:

Rated load capacities

Recommended operating speeds

Special hazard warnings

Operating notes

Special instructions

Illustrations of the hand signals used

Controls must be clearly marked with their function

5.8.7 Tower Cranes

Tower cranes must have:

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Flags or other indicators on the jib identifying to the crane operator the working load
radius

Limiting devices to limit trolley travel at both ends of the jib

Lifting and Rigging

Anti-two blocking safety devices

An operating radius in accordance with the lifted load

Pressures in hydraulic or pneumatic circuits

Crane travel at both ends of the runway tracks

A copy of the manufacturer operator's manual in the crane while onsite

Load-limiting devices and acceleration and deceleration limiters, when provided,

installed in enclosures that can be locked or sealed to inhibit unauthorized tampering

Operational tests conducted, and a load-limit device setting verified by applying test
loads of 100 percent of the applicable ratings

These tests must be performed prior to the use of newly erected and altered cranes and the
records dated and kept onsite.

A wind-velocity indicating device must be mounted at or near the top of the crane

A velocity readout must be provided at the operator's station in the cab, and a visible or
audible alarm must be triggered in the cab and at remote control stations when a preset
wind velocity is exceeded.

Regular inspections and maintenance

Regular inspections and maintenance of the cranes must be conducted and performed in
accordance with the manufacturer specifications and ANSI standards. Maintaining the
tower crane in good working condition must be of the utmost consideration to eliminate
unnecessary downtime and to prevent possible incidents. Inspection and maintenance
documentation must be available and must be checked regularly.

Trained, experienced and qualified Crane Operator

The Crane Operator must be trained, experienced, and qualified for operation of the
specific make and model of tower crane being operated. The Operator must have prior
tower crane experience because of the dissimilarity between tower cranes and other types
of equipment. Documentation of operator qualifications must be provided.

5.8.8 Passenger Pickup Truck Mounted Cranes

Passenger pickup truck mounted cranes must comply with the following at a minimum:
For passenger pickup truck mounted cranes rated for loads of 3200-pounds (1450 kg) or
less:

Consist of a purpose built permanently mounted crane

Be used in accordance with the manufacturers recommended practices as defined in

the owners manual. These practices shall address the following:

Operator Training
Crane Operation
Crane Inspection
Crane Qualification (re-certification)
Crane maintenance

For passenger pickup truck mounted cranes rated for loads greater than 3200-pounds
(1450 kg):

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All truck mounted cranes that exceed a load rating greater than 3200-pounds capacity
shall comply with the full requirements of this guideline.

NOTE: Whenever evaluating the load limit of the truck mounted crane, determination
shall be made regarding the lowest load limit of any component of the system, including
limitations of the load limit chart for the crane-truck system. Consult with the
manufacturer for this determination. Confirm with the certification documentation.

5.9

Helicopter Lifts

5.9.1 Lift Plans

Ensure that helicopter lifts comply with all applicable local regulation.
When planning a helicopter lift on a work site, the manager or supervisor in charge of
the activity must provide a specific lift plan, along with a flight plan by the certified pilot
for each job. The plan must be written to comply with any applicable regulations with
the local regulatory authority relating to rigging equipment for material handling.
A job could consist of one or more lifts. A job plan and a lift plan must be written for
each lift. However, if the lift plan specifies multiple lifts during a regularly scheduled
workday, one lift plan is sufficient. The criteria of the lift plan must be used for each lift
and a safety briefing must take place prior to each lift. At each briefing the roles of the
supervisor, pilot, and ground personnel must be reviewed.
5.9.1.1 Pre-Planning Check

When preparing a lift plan, at a minimum, verify the following items:

Written permission from the person in charge to make a lift

Written flight plan by the certified pilot for the lift
A copy of helicopter pilot's license and proficiency check record (when appropriate)
Local statutory regulations and required permits
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) on aviation fuel
A helicopter company certificate of insurance (when appropriate)
A copy of the vendor contract for the vendor making lift (when appropriate)
Weather conditions
Emergency Contingency Plans

5.9.1.2 Mandatory Requirements

The mandatory requirements for a helicopter lift include:

64

The pilot of the helicopter that is hoisting materials or equipment must be trained and
competent to fly an externally loaded helicopter.
The pilot must be in charge of the hoisting operation when determining the size and
weight of loads to be hoisted and the method by which they are attached to the
helicopter.
Site management personnel, along with the pilot, determine if weather conditions
warrant making a lift, continuing with a lift, or aborting the lift. Under no
circumstances will a lift be made during threatening weather, especially where
lightning or hail is expected.
Lifts must be made during daylight hours. Any deviations must be approved by the
person in charge.

Lifting and Rigging

Ground personnel, including the signal person for a helicopter being used to hoist
materials or equipment, must be competent in their roles.
The relevant supervisor must take precautions against hazards caused by helicopter
rotor downwash.

Safety meetings must be held with workers as often as is deemed necessary to ensure
good communication.

5.10

Material and Personnel Hoists

This section provides guidance for protecting workers using personnel, material hoists
and winches. Only dedicated hoists and winches are used for personnel lifting, and those
hoists and winches must not be used for any other purpose.
5.10.1.1 Inspections

All Personnel hoists must be:

Visually inspected by a qualified inspector before daily use.

Inspected and the documentation written at 30-day intervals.
Tested in accordance with manufacturer specifications, local regulatory authority
requirements, and with applicable ANSI requirements.
Hoists dedicated for personnel lifts must be inspected and tested according to local
regulations, but not greater than at three month intervals.
Records of inspections and tests must be maintained and filed at the work site.

All Material hoist must be:

Inspected by a competent employee who is instructed in the nature and extent of the
inspection and unsatisfactory conditions reported to local management and corrected
before material hoists are used. All reports must be maintained and filed at the work
site.
Hoists dedicated for lifting materials must be inspected and tested according to local
regulations, but not greater than at six-month intervals.
Records of inspections and tests must be maintained and filed at the work site.

5.10.1.2 Operations

The following must be conspicuously posted at the operator's station for the hoist (or
on the car frame or crosshead):

Rated load capacities

Recommended operating speeds
Special hazard warnings
Operating rules
Signal systems
Operating instructions
Overhead protection of 2 in (5 cm) planking, 0.75-in (2 cm) plywood, or the
equivalent must be provided on the top of every hoist.

Hoists must not be placed in service until they are inspected and tested by a
competent craftsman under competent supervision. There must also be a signed and
dated written report of such inspection and test.

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Lifting and Rigging

5.10.1.3 Material Hoists

Personnel must not ride on material hoists at any time except for the purpose of
inspecting or maintaining the hoist. A sign stating No Riders Allowed must be
posted on the car frames or crosshead.
Entrances to material hoist ways must be protected by gates or bars, which must:

Guard the full width of the landing entrance.

Be painted with diagonal contrasting colors.
Be equipped with a latching device.

NOTE: Bars must not be less than 2-inches by 4-inches (five-cm by 10-cm) lumber
or an equivalent, be 42 in (107 cm) above the floor, and must be 2 ft (61 cm) from
the hoist way line.
Ensure that inspection, testing, construction, operation, and maintenance of material
hoists is in accordance with the requirements of ANSI 10.5 1969 or the local
regulatory authority requirements, if more stringent.
5.10.1.4 Personnel Hoists

The requirements for personnel hoists are:

Personnel hoist way doors must be no less than 6.5 feet (2 m) high. Solid doors, where
used, must be provided with a vision panel opening, with a width that does not exceed
6 inches (15 cm) and an area that does not exceed 80 in2 (516 cm2) that is covered
with expanded metal.
Landing doors must be provided that may be locked mechanically so that they cannot
be opened from the landing side. These locks must be of a type that may be released
only by a person in the car.
For hoists located outside of structures, the enclosures on the building side of the hoist
way must be full height or a minimum of 10 ft (3 m) at each floor landing.

5.11 Rigging
5.11.1 Wire Rope
5.11.1.1 Wire Rope Certifications

For wire rope used on company-owned cranes, all wire rope certifications will be
maintained on file by our current wire rope suppliers, as per their ISO 9001
requirements. A copy of the wire rope certification will be sent with each wire rope
delivery ticket. The wire rope certification will also be maintained in crane file.
Each wire rope supplier will also provide the stainless steel tag, each spool of wire
rope. This tag will be nailed to the wire rope spool before shipment. The tag will
state the description, size, and length of the wire rope, along with the supplier's name
and certification number. For running rope, this tag will be tie wrapped in a
conspicuous location. Each time a wire rope is changed, the old tag will be discarded
and the new tag installed. For standing rope (pendant lines), this tag will be affixed
to the cable by the manufacturer. The use of these tags is a recommended practice to
facilitate maintaining accurate certifications. The company will provide the vendor
with the platform, crane, and hoist location information at the time wire rope is
purchased.

66

Lifting and Rigging

For running rope, this tag will be tie wrapped to the 1/4-in. brake hose on the hoist on
which the cable is installed. Each time a wire rope is changed, the old tag will be discarded
and the new tag installed.
Providers of third-party-owned cranes are required to supply wire rope certifications
as part of the crane records.
5.11.1.2 Wire Rope Inspections

Wire rope will be visually examined during the following inspections:

Pre-use visual inspection

Monthly inspection (if required)
Quarterly inspection (if required)
Annual inspection (best practice bi-annual)
Certain wire ropes may require more frequent inspection, such as wires deployed
subsea

5.11.1.3 Wire Rope Replacement

The condition of the wire rope will be evaluated during inspections, at which time a
determination will be made about whether the wire rope should remain in use. Wire
rope identified as unfit for use will be removed from service and marked
accordingly. For company-owned cranes, the following requirements also apply:
Running Wire Rope The service life of all running wire rope will be verified
during routine monthly, quarterly, annual, or heavy lift inspections. All running wire
rope found to have been in service for 5 years or more (from installation date) at time
of inspection will be replaced in a timely manner.
Standing Wire Rope (pendant lines) The service life of all standing wire rope
will be verified during routine monthly, quarterly, annual, or heavy lift inspections.
All standing wire rope found to have been in service for 5 years or more (from
installation date) at time of inspection will be replaced in a timely manner. The safe
use of standing rope with more than 5 years of service life must be verified through
testing recommended by the manufacturer or consistent with industry practice.
All running and standing wire rope contaminated with drilling or well fluids will be
replaced as soon as possible.
All wire rope (both standing and running rope) will be greased with Lubriplate Grease
when it is installed and at each annual inspection.
NOTE: whenever running ropes have been identified in inspection as having failed
to some level, the running rope may be down-rated by a competent person before
continued use, or immediately removed from service if deemed not useable. Consult
manufacturers recommendations and local regulations.
5.11.1.4 Wire Rope Maintenance

Guidelines and maintenance tasks for wire rope include:

67

Do not contaminate, nick, scrape, or sharply bend the wire rope.

To minimize internal and external corrosion or friction, maintain the wire rope in a
well-lubricated condition. Apply lubricant to wire rope as the rope passes over a
sheave.

Lifting and Rigging

Ensure that field-applied lubricants are compatible with the lubricants applied by the
manufacturer.
Do not apply used oil as a lubricant because of possible contamination.

5.11.2 Slings
5.11.2.1 Sling Inspections

Slings must be visually inspected before each lift by a Qualified Rigger. This
inspection should include visual examination for kinking, crushing, bird-caging, or
any other damage to the wire rope or end attachments. Additionally, the Qualified
Rigger shall verify that all slings have proper certification tags or markings (such as
information stamped onto the sling end ferrule). For synthetic web slings, inspection
should include holes, tears, cuts, embedded particles, and broken or worn stitching.
No foreign substance, including spray paints, marker, ink, lubricants, and protective
coatings, should be applied to synthetic straps and slings unless specifically
approved by the manufacturer. Should any foreign substance be found on synthetic
slings and straps, an evaluation should be made by a Qualified Rigger to determine
suitability for intended use. Any sling or strap found unfit for intended use will be
rendered unusable and disposed of properly.
5.11.2.2 Periodic Inspection

Slings shall be inspected by a Qualified Rigger, in accordance with local regulations

and requirements. Best practice for sling inspections is six month intervals, but shall
be inspected at a minimum of twelve month intervals. This record will be maintained
for the life of the sling.
Annual Inspection
All slings must also be given a thorough annual inspection by a
Qualified Rigger at intervals not exceeding 12 months. The Sling
Inspection Form will be used to document the annual sling inspections,
and this record will be maintained for the life of the sling. The annual sling inspection is
normally completed by a Platform Operator who has met the requirements of a Qualified
Rigger. The Annual Sling Inspection Criteria document is provided to assist with
completing the sling inspection. Annual inspection of third-party slings is the
responsibility of the vendors providing the slings.
Sling Replacement
It is recommended that all replacement slings be made of drawn
galvanized materials. New slings and cargo nets will be replaced according to
Sling Specifications. All slings determined to be
unfit for use will be rendered unusable and properly disposed of.
At a minimum, the service life of all slings (wire rope and web) will be verified during
routine annual sling inspections. All wire rope slings found to have a service life of 5
years or greater (from certification date) at time of inspection will be
replaced in a timely manner. Nylon (web) slings will be changed out on an annual basis
(12 months from the born on date). Any sling or strap found unfit for its intended
use/purpose will be rendered unusable and properly disposed of.
5.11.2.3 Sling Angles

The rated capacity of any sling depends on its size, its configuration, and the angles
formed by the legs of the sling and the horizontal. Seemingly insignificant changes
in the sling angle may drastically affect loading.

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Lifting and Rigging

A sling with two legs that is used to lift a 1,000-lb (454-kg) object has a 500-lb (227kg) load in each leg when the sling angle is 90. The load in each leg increases as the
angle is decreased, and at 30, the load is 1,000 lb (454 kg) in each leg. See Figure 30
below.
Keep the sling angles greater than Sling angles approaching 30 should be considered
extremely hazardous and be avoided at all costs.
Never use a horizontal sling angle of less than 45. The optimum angle for rigging is
between 45 and 75.
To make sure that the angle is adequate once a load is rigged, verify that the
horizontal distance between the attachment points on the load is less than the length
of the shortest sling leg. If this is the case, then the angle is greater than 60.

Figure 30.

Sling Angles

5.11.2.4 Man-made or Natural Fiber Rope

It is difficult to accurately determine the integrity of man-made or natural fiber ropes due to
the ease with which these ropes can fray or become damaged. It is prohibited to lift using
man-made or natural fiber ropes on any site or installation.
Man-made and fiber ropes may only be used during a lift in a Tag-Line
application. No tension over and above a manual handling application shall be
applied. Further guidance in the use of tag-lines can be found in section 5.6.12.
Table 5.

Safe Working Loads

Safe Working Loads

Manila Rope
Diameter

69

Nylon Rope
Load

Diameter

Load

(in)

(cm)

(lb)

(kg)

(in)

(cm)

(lb)

(kg)

1/2

1.3

530

240

1/4

0.64

244

111

3/4

1.9

1,080

490

5/16

0.80

380

172

7/8

2.2

1,540

698

3/8

0.95

540

245

2.5

1,800

816

7/16

1.1

730

331

1-1/4

3.2

2,700

1,225

1/2

1.3

960

435

1-1/2

3.8

3,600

1,633

9/16

1.4

1,200

544

1-3/4

4.4

5,200

2,359

5/8

1.6

1,490

676

Lifting and Rigging

Safe Working Loads

Manila Rope
Diameter
2

Nylon Rope
Load

5.0

6,200

Diameter

2,812

3/4

Load

1.9

2,120

962

5.11.3 Wire Rope Clips

When applying wire rope clips, follow these guidelines:

Make sure that the U-bolts of wire rope clips are on the short (dead) end of the rope.

Tighten nuts evenly to the manufacturer recommended torque.

After several lifts, re-torque all clips.

Wire rope clips or bulldog clips must not be used in lifting or hoisting operation.

Use the number and spacing of clips recommended in Table 7, below.

Table 6.

Number and Spacing U-Bolt Wire Rope Clips

Number and Spacing of U-Bolt Wire Rope Clips

Improved Plow
Steel Rope
Diameter
(in)

(cm)

Number of Clips
Drop Forged

Minimum Spacing

Other Material

(in)

(cm)

1.3

7.6

5/6

0.8

3-3/4

9.5

1.9

4-1/2

11.4

7/8

2.2

5-1/4

13.3

2.5

15.3

1-1/8

2.9

6-3/4

17.0

1-1/4

3.2

7-1/2

19.0

1-3/8

3.45

8-1/4

21.0

1-1/2

3.81

22.9

The correct and incorrect methods for applying wire rope clips are shown in Figure 31,
below.

Note: It is prohibited to field modify or create slings by using wire

rope clips. Slings shall be manufactured and certified.

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Lifting and Rigging

Figure 31.

Correct and Incorrect Methods for

Applying Wire Rope Clips

5.11.4 Rigging Practices

5.11.4.1 Sling Certification

For Company-owned slings, certifications will be maintained on file by our current

sling suppliers, per their ISO 9001 requirements. Each wire rope sling supplier will
provide a stainless steel identification tag attached to the sling. Each synthetic web
sling supplier will provide an identification tag sewed onto the sling. Tags for both
wire rope and synthetic slings will contain the following information:

The Company name

Description, size, and length
Pertinent working load limits
The suppliers name
Proof test certification number and date
Color or shape code identification

NOTE: All wire rope slings and synthetic slings owned by third-party contractors
will contain identification tags consistent with the required information outlined
below:

71

Diameter and length

Pertinent working load limits
The suppliers name
Proof of test certification number and date

Lifting and Rigging

A valid color code identification

If the identification tag is missing, the sling will not be used, until recertified by a
third-party.
Slings (Pre-rigged Loads)
To reduce risk of injury to offshore rigging personnel, cargo will be pre-rigged
for a one-point hookup. Slings will be attached to loads with shackles, rather
than hooks, except in these circumstances:
A stinger is attached directly to a load for a one-point lift.

Adjustable choker slings are used.

Loading or unloading casing at drilling or workover rigs.

NOTE: This shackle requirement does not apply to shorebase or land locations.
Slings intended to remain fixed to loads for an extended period of time will be
attached with bolt type anchor safety shackles.
Do not shorten or alter a sling by knotting, clips, or other means.
Transportation/Shorebase Responsibilities
Motor vehicle operators (truck drivers) receiving cargo from shorebase or land
locations will ensure that cargo is properly positioned and secured before
leaving the loading site.
Motor vehicle operators (truck drivers) will not attach or detach loads on their vehicles for the
purpose of crane lifts. Truck drivers will be required to use personal protective equipment in
accordance with PPE requirements. The freight company will furnish fastening equipment
for securing cargo on motor vehicles.
Maximum design "gross" weight capacity and "net" (empty) weight will be
permanently marked on all cargo containers, such as trash baskets, tool baskets,
grocery boxes, drum racks, gas cylinder racks, cutting boxes, sensitive material
bins, hazardous material bins, and portable racks.
The weight of all cargo over 1,000 pounds will be recorded on the shipping
manifest and marked legibly on the cargo before shipping.
All cargo (excluding tubulars) delivered to shorebase locations for shipment
offshore will be configured or pre-rigged for a one-point hook-up. All slings
will have proper certification tags attached and will not be covered with any
material that would prevent visual inspection (e.g., rubber hose). Exceptions
will be approved by the Shorebase Supervisor case-by-case.
All cargo (excluding tubulars) rigged by the shorebase for shipment offshore
will be pre-rigged for a one-point hook-up. All equipment pre-rigged by the
shorebase (slings, shackles, containers, etc.) will be inspected annually and
inspections documented. Shorebase and field personnel will coordinate to ensure
that all required inspections are completed. Exceptions will be approved by the
Shorebase Supervisor case-by-case.
Contractors sending cargo to facilities will be notified of minimum acceptable requirements
for rigging equipment, padeyes, and cargo containers.
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Lifting and Rigging

All shorebase cranes will be inspected, operated, and maintained in accordance

with the Crane Program, API RP 2D, applicable Coast Guard regulations,
and applicable OSHA regulations. OSHA regulations require that cranes loading
and unloading material at marine terminals be certified under regulation 29 CFR
subpart H. This certification is as follows:
"Every 48 months (quadrennial) cranes will be certified and load tested by an
accredited person or his authorized representative. In any year in which no
quadrennial unit proof test is required, an examination will be carried out by
an accredited person or his authorized representative."
All shorebase overhead and gantry cranes will be inspected as per OSHA General
Industry, 29CFR 1910.179 and include the following:
Bridge markings
Block markings
Daily, monthly, and annual inspections
Testing
Manufacturer's maintenance recommendations
Wire rope inspections
Load ratings
Rigging

5.11.4.2 Wire Rope Defects

Wire rope with one or more of the following defects must be removed or replaced
immediately. If one wire rope of a set (for example, multi-leg slings) requires
replacement, the entire set of ropes must be replaced.
Table 7.

Wire Rope Defects

Defect

73

Description

Corrosion

Any development of slight corrosion should be noted and watched closely.

Severe corrosion is cause for replacement.

Broken wires

Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay, or three broken
wires in one strand in one rope lay, are cause for replacement.
In standing ropes, more than two broken wires in one lay in areas beyond
end connections, or more than one broken wire at an end connection, are
cause for replacement.
In running ropes, six randomly distributed broken wires in one lay or three
broken wires in one strand in one lay are cause for replacement.

End
attachments

Development of broken wires in the vicinity of attachments is cause for

replacement. If this condition is localized in an operating rope, and the
section in question can be eliminated by making a new attachment, this
may be done rather than replacing the entire rope.

Abrasion

Abrasion, scrubbing, flattening, or peening, causing the loss of more than

one-third of the original diameter of the outside wires, is cause for
replacement.

Kinking

Severe kinking, crushing, bird-caging, or other damage resulting in

distortion of the rope structure is cause for replacement.

Lifting and Rigging

Heat

Evidence of heat damage resulting from contact with a torch, or any

damage caused by contact with electrical wires is cause for replacement.

Reduction from the normal rope diameter of more than the following amounts is
cause for replacement:

1/64 in (0.04 cm) for diameters up to and including 5/16 in (0.8 cm)
1/32 in (0.08 cm) for diameters from 3/8 (0.95 cm) in up to and including 1/2 in (1.27
cm)
3/64 in (0.12 cm) for diameters from 9/16 in (1.4 cm) up to and including 3/4 in (2.22
cm to 2.86 cm)
1/16 in (0.16 cm) for diameters from 7/81-1/8 in (2.222.86 cm)
3/32 in (0.24 cm) for diameters from 1.251.5 in (3.183.81 cm)

5.11.4.3 Sling Storage

Slings will not be stored on the deck. Slings should be stored in a well-ventilated
building or shed. If space limitations require storing slings along the side of the
platform, they should be secured in a manner to prevent abrasion from rubbing and
maintained in a manner to minimize corrosion. Synthetic slings should be stored in a
way that provides UV protection.
Never use the guardrail or handrail as an anchor point for lifting or supporting a load
(i.e., sling storage), or as an anchor point for fall protection gear. (Light lifesaving
devices, such as buoys and floats, as well as ESD stations may be mounted to
guardrails.)
5.11.4.4 Loading and Offloading

Loading and offloading items in a particular sequence prevents accidents and helps
organize work for others. The sequence will vary depending on the equipment or
material, the truck or vessel, the conditions that exist at that time, and the people
involved. The uniqueness of each loading/offloading operation prevents a single best
sequence from being identified. However, the most important consideration is
communication among the Lift team. The loading and offloading of similar sling
combinations saves time, energy, equipment, and money.
Before making a lift, Qualified Crane Operators or Qualified Riggers must examine
all cargo (including slings, pad eyes, and cargo containers), and will refuse to attach
or lift any cargo which they judge to be unsafe. Contractors sending cargo to
facilities will be notified of minimum acceptable requirements for rigging
equipment, padeyes, and cargo containers.

5.12 Identification Codes

A color and/or shape code is a means to easily identify a component or item of rigging
gear to show the current inspection status. Use a minimum of three colors and/or shapes,
which shall be conspicuously displayed at the workplaces. The color and/or shape code
identification should not be applied directly to the load-bearing part of a synthetic sling;
it should be placed on the identification tag in a way that does not obscure any critical
data. The color and/or shape code must be changed every twelve months, following its
inspection. Details of the current color and/or shape code must be placed conspicuously
around the work place.

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Lifting and Rigging

Annual Sling Inspection and Color Identification

Third party Nylon (web) Slings

Third party nylon (web) slings used on Company locations must be less than one year
old (i.e. 12 months from the manufactured date).

Third party wire rope slings

Third party wire rope slings must have a legible tag that identifies the slings date of
manufacture. Slings found to have a service life of 5 years or greater (from the
manufacture date) will not be acceptable for use on Company facilities.

Business Partners must conduct annual sling inspections for all wire rope
slings that are over a year old. Proof of sling annual inspection is each
Business Partners responsibility. Slings that pass a pre-use inspections and
have met one of the following criteria may be used:
1. The sling is within one year of the manufactured date on the certification tag,
2. The sling is within one year of an additional tag showing the most recent annual
inspection date,
3. (Least Desirable Option) the sling is within one year of the most recent annual
inspection date as documented on the annual inspection paperwork.

Business Partners shall evaluate the time the sling will be required to be on location
and ensure the annual inspection will cover the entire time that the cargo will reside
on Company property. Considerations should be given to conduct a fresh annual
inspection for cargo that might remain on Company property beyond the next
required inspection date.

Third party slings will have a pre-use inspection completed at first Company contact
with the sling (normally this is at a shorebase). This pre-use inspection will identify
that the sling is in usable condition and that an annual inspection has been performed
in the last 11 months. Upon completion of the pre-use inspection, a color coded tie
wrap will be applied to the sling. This tie wrap will match the years color scheme
shown in the color coded table. The tie wrap will be placed on, or in close proximity
to, the lanyard for the slings certification tag. The tie wrap will be pulled tight and
the tail will be left as a visual indicator (i.e. do not cut anything off of the tie wrap).
All colored tie wraps should be a minimum of 10 inches long.

NOTE: This color coded tie wrap does NOT certify the sling. It is a quick reference that
indicates that the sling has had an annual inspection.

Qualified Riggers will monitor slings during pre-use inspections to ensure that each
sling has the current year colored tie wrap in place. If a colored tie wrap is missing,
any Qualified Rigger can replace it with the appropriate color tie wrap if the sling is
in usable condition, has had an annual inspection in the last 12 months, and has not
exceeded its five year service life.

Bridging documents should be used for Business Partners that are outside of
Company Reporting Boundaries.

Any third party owned sling that is discovered on Company property that has
exceeded the required annual inspection date must be immediately sent back to the
vendor.
The sling can be used to ship the load if it can pass a thorough pre-use inspection.
This variance is an allowance for it to be shipped back to the owner.

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Lifting and Rigging

This variance must be documented on the shipping manifest and communicated

to the Business Partner that owns the sling.
NOTE: If the sling does not pass the inspection, the sling shall be replaced.
Color Code Table
YEAR

COLOR

KRYLON

2010

YELLOW

1813

2013

PURPLE

1929

PAINT #
2011
2012

BROWN
GREEN

2014

YELLOW

2017

PURPLE

2015
2016

BROWN
GREEN

1317
2012
1813
1317
2012
1929

Color Identification Code

Effective Date: January 1, 2011
Full Implementation: July 1, 2011

All Qualified Riggers are trained (as per API 2D) to perform the annual sling and CCU
inspections.

Slings that fail any inspection are removed from service and are destroyed and
discarded (rendered unusable).

All Qualified Crane Operators and Riggers are trained to conduct pre-use inspections to
identify damaged or defective rigging as per API standards.

All cargo operators, riggers, and associated individuals that are using slings can remove
any questionable slings from service.

5.13

Dos and Donts for Various Components and Load Types

5.13.1 Hooks and Shackles

Lifting equipment, such as shackles, hooks and padeyes, will not be altered by welding or
cutting.
Only stainless and forged alloy shackles will be used. All shackles must have their crown
size, manufacturer, and rated capacity, clearly embossed.
5.13.1.1 Hooks

Hooks should be visually inspected for cracks, corrosion, bends or twists, wear,
general damage, and missing or corroded pins and bolts. Hooks that have been
opened more than 5 percent of their nominal throat opening or twisted more than 10
from the plane of the unbent hook shall be replaced.
No paint should be on the hook.
All hooks, excluding choker hooks, should have functional safety latches. The latch
must be completely closed when in use. Hooks used in Personnel Transfer operations
must have a functional safety latch with a positive locking device (i.e., a lock pin).
See also Section 5.6.10.
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Lifting and Rigging

5.13.1.2 Shackles

Only stainless and forged alloy shackles shall be used. All shackles must have their
rated capacity clearly embossed.
Before making a lift, the shackles used in lifting must be visually inspected by:

Checking the pin for straightness and complete seating.

Looking for cracks, deformities, and evidence of heat damage or alterations.
Checking the distance between eyes for signs of opening up.
Stretching or compressing
Checking the eyes for roundness and twisting.
Ensuring that the safety pin is in place or the shackle pin can be secured by another
suitable means.
Bolt type shackles also require inspection for properly installed nut and key ring/cotter
pin.

Shackles with the above conditions must be discarded. Those that do not clearly
show the rated capacity and those worn by more than 10 percent of original diameter
in the crown or pin must also be discarded.
As a standard practice, each shackle in a bridle hitch should be one size larger than
the size of the wire rope (sling) in use. As shown in 77Table 9, below, the pin size is
one size larger than the shackle size (e.g., 5/8-in (1.69 cm) shackle will have a 3/4-in
(1.91 cm) pin diameter).

Table 8.

Summary of Sling Diameter, Shackle Size, and Pin Size

Sling Diameter
(in)

Sling
Diameter
(cm)

Shackle Size
(in)

Shackle Size
(cm)

Pin Size
(in)

Pin Size
(cm)

1.3

5/8

1.6

3/4

1.9

5/6

1.6

3/4

1.9

7/8

2.2

1.9

7/8

2.2

2.5

5.13.2 Padeyes
All padeyes will be of an engineered design to ensure their suitability for intended load
and service.
Padeyes should be visually inspected before making a lift. They should be checked for
bent, crushed, bulged, or otherwise deformed material. In addition, they should also be
inspected for cracks, excessive rust, wrinkled paint, and indications that the padeye has
been modified. To prevent point load stress failures during lift operations, all padeyes
must be smooth in the direction of the lift. If any of the above conditions are exhibited,
careful consideration should be given to replacement of the padeye
All padeyes will be of an engineered design to ensure suitability for intended load and service.
To insure a smooth surface in the direction of the lift, holes in padeyes fabricated in the shop or
fabrication yard shall be drilled, reamed, punched, or cut with a mechanically guided torch at
right angles to the surface of the metal. Holes shall not be made or enlarged by hand-held
torches, unless followed by machining away at least 1/8 in. of material after burning. Punching

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Lifting and Rigging

shall not be used on plate more than 1/2 in. thick. Other methods may be used, if approved by
Facilities Engineering. If padeye design includes addition of cheek plates, holes shall be
fabricated after cheek plates are completely welded in place. Holes shall be clean-cut and shall
not have torn or ragged edges. All holes shall be made before surface preparation and painting.
Field construction of padeyes is discouraged. However, if this becomes
necessary, the following criteria should be met:
Properly designed and approved by a qualified engineer

Properly installed by a qualified/certified welder

Bearing surfaces in the direction of the lift must be ground smooth

Appropriate Ultrasonic testing (NDT) must be performed.

5.13.3 Grating
Grating will be shipped from the shore base in grating racks rigged for a single-point
hook-up. For infield grating moves, handling no more than three sheets of grating will be
allowed at one time. Handling any more than three sheets at one time will require using
a grating rack.
Slings used for grating handling must be adequately protected. Synthetic slings can be
purchased with sling protectors. All sharp or abrasive edges (top and bottom) of the load
being lifted must be padded to protect the slings from cuts or abrasions.
All mandatory rigging practices will be followed and include a pre-use inspection of
slings (sling condition, load rating of slings, etc.). When using multi-legged slings, the
sling angle needs to be taken into consideration for determining the lifting capacity of
the slings. Slings will be inspected after each lift to ensure that they were not damaged
(cuts, abrasions, etc.) during the previous lift.

5.13.4 I-Beams
I-beams will be shipped from the shore base pre-rigged for a single-point hookup (e.g.,
containerized racks). Padeyes can be welded, not tacked, to the I-beam for use with
slings. For infield moves of I-beams synthetic slings adequately sized may be used,
provided that the slings are padded at the top and bottom of the load to protect them
from cuts and abrasion. The synthetic slings must be of appropriate working load limits
and of adequate length to provide a safe working angle. Wire rope slings may be used as
long as padeyes are welded, not tacked, to the I-beams.
Metal Plate
Metal clamps will not be used for moving sheet or plate metal. Holes will be cut in the metal
for shackles and tag lines. Padeyes can also be welded (not tacked) to the sheet metal in lieu of
cutting holes. This will allow the loads to be secured with shackles and tag lines. Containers to
transport sheet metal can also be designed by the Facilities Engineering group.

5.13.5 Cargo Containers

Loose items, such as drums, sacks, valves, and buckets, will be placed in appropriate
containers (i.e., CCUs) to make loading and offloading more safe and efficient at
offshore facilities.
All cargo containers will be design engineered to ensure that structural components are
sufficient for the intended load and service. Specifications will be detailed in standard
drawings and include:

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Lifting and Rigging

Types of material used in construction

Maximum weight capacity of the container

Container dimensions

Padeye locations and dimensions

Space for marking each container with a unique identification number

NOTE: Maximum design gross weight capacity and net (empty) weight will be
permanently marked on cargo containers, such as trash baskets, tool baskets, drum racks,
gas cylinder racks, cutting boxes, sensitive material bins, hazardous material bins, and
portable racks. The Facilities Engineering group will be consulted when a modification
to the basic design of a cargo container is needed.
Vendors that provide skid-mounted equipment (i.e., welding machines, air compressors,
pumps, etc.) that exceeds 1,000 lbs (450 kg) are required to permanently mark the
maximum load weight on the equipment. Upon request, vendors must also provide
documentation certifying that the cargo containers and skids are of an engineered design
capable of withstanding the stated maximum loads.
Cargo placed in cargo baskets should not go over the top of the basket and should not
protrude over or through the sides of the basket. If the cargo does not safely fit in the
basket, it should be lifted as a separate or single load.
Consideration should be given to loads that protrude out of a cargo basket with regards to the
stability of the load and the spillage of the cargo. Loads that protrude above the top of a basket
should be strapped for security.
ISO Shipping Containers
Special consideration must be used when moving an ISO shipping container.
ISO containers are designed for vertical lifting using spreader bars. ISO lifting lugs must be
inserted in each corner when attaching a sling (i.e. standard shackles must never be connected
to the corners).
Interim Guidance Lifting, Moving and Handling of ISO Shipping Containers
The purpose of this document is to provide interim guidance for the lifting, moving and
handling of ISO Shipping Containers. ISO Shipping Containers typically come in 8, 10, 20
and 40 lengths.

Typical 20 ISO Shipping Container

Design and Safety Factor
ISO containers are manufactured according to specifications from the International Standards
Organization (ISO) and are suitable for multiple transportation methods such as truck, rail, or
ship (intermodal). The ISO Shipping Container design has limitations that include:

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Lifting and Rigging

Dynamic load factor of 2.0

No side impact factor
Applicable for sheltered water loading and unloading
Requires specific handling equipment such as:
o vertical lift appliance when lifted from the top
o lifting lugs and spreader bar when lifted from the bottom
o fork lift
To compensate for design limitations, the original rated cargo capacity of the ISO Shipping
Container shall be reduced by thirty-three percent (33%) when lifted or moved in offshore
application.
Original rated cargo capacity = Gross Container weight Container Tare weight.
ISO Shipping Containers can be loaded to the original rated cargo capacity in offshore
operations when in a static condition (i.e., not being lifted or moved).
Future use of these containers is being reviewed and additional guidance will be issued once
that review is complete.
Inspection
ISO Shipping Containers will be inspected for mechanical damage and corrosion prior to
lifting, moving or handling. Particular attention should be given to corner fittings that may
have damage from use of non-standard lifting lugs or lifting devices. No container may be
lifted or moved if damage is found until the affect of the damage on the integrity of the
container is assessed by a qualified engineer.
Lifting, Moving and Handling
ISO Shipping Containers are lifted by attaching to lifting lugs that are fitted into the container
corner fittings (Figure 1). No container lifting is permitted using shackles or hooks inserted
directly into the container corner fitting (point loaded hooks or shackles are not permitted).

Figure 1 Corner Fitting with Top Lifting Lug

The lifting lug must be suitable and intended for the purpose and rated for such use. Figure 2
provides an example of bottom attached lifting lugs.

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Lifting and Rigging

Note: Photo for illustrative

purposes only. Chain slings
are not allowed.

Figure 2 Bottom Attached Lifting Lug

Lifting loaded containers from the four (4) top corner fittings with forces applied other than
vertically is not allowed except under the following conditions:
Empty containers may be lifted from the top corner fittings using the proper lifting lugs
provided the sling angle is not less than 60 degrees from the horizontal plane.
Loaded containers, ten feet or less in length, may be lifted from the top corner fittings using
the proper lifting lugs provided the sling angle is not less than 60 degrees from the horizontal
plane.
Containers may be lifted from the side apertures of all four bottom-corner fittings by means of a
spreader bar and sling system. The attachment fittings should not exert forces more than 1.5
inches away from the outer face of the corner fitting.
ISO Shipping Containers provided by third-parties should be delivered pre-rigged for lifting
where possible. At a minimum, 8 and 10 containers provided by third-parties must be fitted
with the appropriate top lift corner lifting lugs as soon as practical after issuance of this guidance.

5.13.6 Eyebolts
Eyebolts must be carefully inspected before each lift by checking for wear or damage,
cracks, bending, elongation or other deformities, and damage or dirty threads. In
addition, eyebolts should also be checked for receiving holes and evidence of grinding,
cutting, machining, or other alterations. Eyebolts that exhibit any of the above conditions
must be removed from service and discarded. See also Section 5.6.11.

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Lifting and Rigging

6.0

Records
6.1

Required Records

The following records will be kept:

6.2

Copies of permits and associated documentation (including records of inspection,

maintenance, hazard analysis and competencies) shall be maintained in accordance
with the Permit to Work SWP Guideline.

Records Retention

Documentation shall be retained Company policy or for a minimum of six months,

whichever is greater.

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc.

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