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    IEC - 865-1 Short Ckt. Forces

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    Gaurav Yadav

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    NORME ’ CEI INTERNATIONALE [EC INTERNATIONAL 865-1 STANDARD cae ain 1993-05 Courants de court-circuit — Calcul des effets Partie 1: Définitions et méthodes de calcul Short-circuit currents — Calculation of effects Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods Numéro do référence Reference numbor CEIIES 65-1: 1998 Validité de la présente pul Le contenu techaigueses public famment revu pay ta CBI afin qu technique reflbte Iétat acivel de ‘Des censcig nemenes relaift i la date de recoefirraation de Ja pablscatsen soa: dimpoaibler aupeés de Burcan Central de la CEL, Les seascignements velilifs 1 ces révisions. 2 Uétablis- sement des Editions névisées et ux amendements peuvent fire bconus suprts des Comités nationaux de In CEL et sans les docoments Gdessous: © Bulletin eta CEL © Catalorne dcspablications de ta CEL Pablié annvellement et mis 3 jour négolitrement ‘Terminologie En ce qui concere ta terminologie générale, le lecteur te vreportera & a CEI 50: Vecabulaire Electrotechaique fnter: notional (VED, qui se présente soos forme dc chapitres. sépacés teitant chacen d'un sujet défini. Des détails. complet: su: le VEI peuvent dre obtenu: tar demande. ‘Voir également le dictrouaaite maltilnguc de la CEL Les termes et définitions figurant dans Ia présente publi- Cation oat &t6 soit tirés du VEL. soit spécifiquement approuvés aux fins de cette publication Symboles graphiques ¢t littéraux Poor les symboles graphiques, les symboles liéreur et les sipnes C'esage général approweés par In CEl, Je lecteer - bb Cel 27 dlectrotechnique: Symboles Tuséraux & wiiliser en CBE 417: Symboles graphiques wilisabtes sur te matériel, Index, retevé et compitation des Jeuities individucttes: — CEI 617: Spmboien graphigues pour chéear: 1 pour les appareils Electromédicam, — 1 CEI £78: Symbales graphiques pour Sgaipements dleeiriqetn en pretigna mibdicale, Les yynbaley at signes eamenus dans In présente publi ention ont 6ié soit tirés de I CEN 24, de Ia CEL 417, de Ma CEL 617 eow de In CEI 878, sou spécifiquentent spproavés a. fims de cette publication Publications de la CEI établies par te méme comité d'études Liatention de lecteur est atirée sor lex fistes figurane A La fin de cette publication. qui énumérent lex publications de Ja CET préparées. par Je comité d'écudes quia éiwbli ta pidsente pobbication v 'y of this publication "The techoical content of IEC publications ix kept und: canstant review by the LEC, thas ensuring that the content reflects curtent technology. Information relating to the date of the reconfizrastion of the publication is available {rom the IEC Central Office. Information 60 the revision work, the issue of revised ditions and amendments may te obtained from IEC National Committees and from the folkowing IEC sources: © IEC Bubletis © IBC Yearbook Published yearly © Catalogue of IEC publications Published yeacly with regular opdates Terminology For generat terminology, senders ate referred 0 IEC $l Internationa? Electrotecknica! Vocabulary (JE¥}, which in ineved in the form of separate chapters exch dealing with a specific field. Foll details of the IEV will be supplied on request. See also tbe TEC Multilinguat Dactionary. “The terms and definitions contained in the preseat publ ‘coiion heve ithe: been taken from the IBV or bare bee specifically approved for the purpose of this publicatino Graphical and letter symbols For graphical symbols, and letter symbols and signs approved by the IEC for general wee, reads re refered ts potlicaioas = TEC 27; Lener symbols to be used im elecrical technology: = HEC 417: Graphical symbols for use on equip ment. Index, survey and coopilation of the single shee - TEC 617: Graphical sybots for diagram: and for medical electrical equspment. - IEC 878: Graphical synbols for electromedicat ‘equipment in oxedical practice. “The symbols and signs contained in the present publi cation have either been taken from SEC 27, (EC 4)7, IEC 617 andjor IEC 878, or have been specifically appro: ved for che purpove of this. publicatso IEC publications prepared by the same technical committee ‘The attention of readers is drawn to the end pages of this poblication which list the TEC publications issued by the technical committee which has prepared the present publication. Publication 865-1 de Ia CEI {Douxidna dition 1983) Courants de court-circuit ~ Calcul des offets Partie 1: Dilinitins ecenéchodas de eateut Page 64. tableau 2 Dans fa woisiéme colorne, pour un court- a" biphasé, au tiew ae i Pago 74, igure 2 18 Jie: = (un tiret) Sur la gauche des dessins, ajcuter: a) et pb) respectivement. a Page 104, annexe A, article A.2 Remplacer ta derniése ligne de I'équation i existante par fa nouvelle ligne suivante: C8 f ald +4 ae dl 2 {arctan “Eg ~ 2 arelan “Ee IEC Publication 865-1 (Second editien 1984) Short-circuit currents — Calculation of effects Fart 1: Dofinitions and caleulatian methods CORRIGENDUM Page 65, table 2 fn the third caiuma, tor 4 line-té-line shost cirevit, instead of: 18 read, = {dash) Page 75, tigure 2 Add, at the left-hand side of the arawings: a) and b} respectively. Page 105, annex A, clause AD Aeplace the fast line of the existing equation by the following new fine: be bid 6 + arian (2 =1) | Marek 1995 SEP obinin te aces ah Ni cE Li 12 13 14 24 23, Scope and abject Normative references ...... Equations, symbols and units 13.1 132 Definitions 141 General 201 212 Rigid conductor arrangements . 221 22.1.1 2212 2213 2214 ‘Symbols for section 2 — Electromagnetic effects ————____. ‘Symbols for section 3 —Thermal effects 2.3.2 — Effects on main. conducto aT 2.3.2.1 Characteristic dimensions and parameters —. 39 en eee en cent ree et ia et ne ca daea sac sd yp sn 43 Horizontal span displacement 6, and minimum air clearance a... 45 Tensile force F_, caused by the pinch effect. pipkaaae te eateries 47 Characteristic dimensions and parameters. 47 Tensile force Fin the case of clashing sub-conductors 49 3 Tensile force &, in the case of non-clashing sub-conductors 24 Structure loads due to electromagnetic effects 24.1 Design load for nost isulitors. their supports and connectoss 53 242 (Design load for structures, insulators and connectors, with tensile forces transmitied bby imsulasor chaims SS 243 Design load £00 (UNOMC OS nen SS ‘Section 3; The thermal effect on bare conductors and electrical equipment - e if > ? > F 31 General... ST 32 Calculation of temperature rise ie) ’ 3210 General — 3.22 Calculation of thesmal equivalent short-time current sT 3.2.3 Calculation of temperature rise and rated short-time withstand current density for comPactors So itn 324 Calculation of the thermal short-circult strength for different durations of the short-circuit current 3.2.4.1 Elecuical equipment 3.2.4.2 Conductors .... ‘TABLES — rs 6 — B ‘ANNEXES A. Equations for calculation of diagrams... 105 B_ Heration-procedure fer calculation of factor n for te tensile farce F, in the-ease of non-clashing bundled conductors according to TEC 865, 2.3,3.3equation (62) -—-svewn US a ee a A ee a f 865-1 © TEC:1993 -1- INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTS - CALCULATION OF EFFECTS — Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods FOREWORD: ie ea ag eae eee oe a ae ea ee ‘end and in addition to other activities, the IFC publishes lacermational Standards, Their preparation ir catrusced co | technical commit ay TEC National Committer interested in the sulject dealt with may participats in thie ‘preparatory work. Tnlerastional, goverumental an¢ non-peveenmental organizations Hisisiag with the IEC alno ‘participate in thir preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the lateruitiaoal Organization for Standardization (150) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement betweca the two organizations. i a the Kueoal Comimecs beving « mpecnl bireer therein are repecsemed, exprers. as aracy a. previble. an {ntcrattnel connenzas of penton Ge rotects alt —ith, 1) They teve the form of eecommendation fo incemations wr pablthed i the foun of randands echaica reports oF guides and they are accepted by the Natloanl Committees in thax sense. 4) In ander to promote iotemnatinaal unification, TEC National Comminces undertake to apply (EC teterasticoal Siandards iran perendy te the maxiwuc extent poseible in thelr national and regional standards, Any dives Letween the IBC Standard and the corseeponding national or regional etandard shall be clonly indicted in the better International Standard IEC 865-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 73: Short- cirouit currents. ‘This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1986 and constitutes a technical revision, I I j I ‘The text of this standard is based on the following documents: Ct ' = Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report ‘on voting indicated in the above table, ‘Annex A forms an integral pant of this standard. ‘Annex B is for information onty. TEC 865 consists of the following parts, under the general title: Short-cireuit currents — Calculation of effects: i = Part 1; 1993; Definitions and calculation methods; — Part 2: 1994: Examples of calculation (in preparation). } f- 865-1 @ IEC:1993 -9 SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTS - CALCULATION OF EFFECTS — Part L: Definitions and calculation methods. Section 1: General LAL Scope and object ‘This International Standard is applicable to the mechanical and thermal effects of short- cireuit currents. It contains standardized procedures for the calculation of the effects of the short-circuit currents in two sections as follows: — Section 2 - The electromagnetic effect on rigid conductors and flexible conductors. = Section 3 - The thermal effeet on bare conductors and electrical equipment. For cables and insulated conductors reference is made, for example, to TEC 949 and IEC 986. | Only ac. systems for rated voltages up to and including 420 KV are dealt with in this standard, The following p nis should particularly be noted: 1) The calculation of short-circuit currents should be based on IEC 909, 2) Short-circuit duration used in this standard depends on the protection concept and should be considered in that sense. 3) These standardized procedures are adjusted to practical requirements and contain simplifteations with safety mazgins. Testing or more detailed methods of calculation or both may be used, 4) In section 2 of this standard, for arrangements with rigid conductors, only the stresses caused by short-circuit currents are calculated, Furthermore, other stresses ean ® sexist, e.g. caused by dead-load, wind, icc, operating ferces, earthquake. The combination of these loads veith the short-circuit loading should be part of an agree- ment and/or be given by standards, e.g. erection-cades. ‘The tensile forces in arrangements with flexible conductors include the effects of dead- | load, With respect to the combination of ether loads the considerations given above are valid. 1.2 Normative references ‘The following normative dacoments contain provisions which, through reference in this text constitute provisions of tris International Standard. Ac the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agrecments based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the passi- bility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. | Members of TEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. nm Ee LS ee UT 868-1 © TEC:1993 =e TEC 909: 1988, Short-cireuit current calculation in three-phase a,c. systems, TEC 949: 1988, Caleulation of thermally permissible short-circuit currents, saking into account non-adiabatic heating effects IEC 986: 1989, Guide to the short-ctreuit temperature limits of elecirte eabies with a rated voltage fro 1,813 (3.6) RV to 18130 (36) kV 1.3 Equations, symbols and units All equations used in this standard are quantity equations in which quantity symbols represent physical quantities possessing both numerical values and dimensions, this standard and the S¥-units concerned are given in the following 13.1 Symbols far section 2 - Blectromagnetic effects 4, ‘Cross-section of one sub-conductor on a Centre-line distance between conductors: m a, Effective distance between neighbouring main conductors m Gig Minimum air clearance m 4, Effective distance between sub-conductors m ain Centre-line distance between sub-conductor I and sub-conductor n. m a, _ Centre-line distance between sub-conductors m Oy Effective centre-line distance between the sub-conductors in the bundle m b Dimension of a sub-conduetor perpendicular to the direction of the force m b, Equivalent static conductor sag at midspan m ty Maximum horizontal displacement m by Dimension of a main conductor perpendicular to the direction of the force =m © Factor for the influence of connecting pieces 1 ce Material constant mas) Cy Dilatation factor 1 Cp Fosm factor 1 Guter diameter of a tubular conductor m ad Dimension of a sub-conductor in the direction of the force m dy Dimension of a main conductor in the direction of the force m a, Diameter of a flexible conductor m & Young's modulus N/m? £, Actual Young's modulus Nim? 865-1 © 1B -il- TEC 909: 1988, Shart-circuit current calculation in three-phase «.c, systems, TEC 949; 1988, Calculation of thermatly permissible short-circuit currents, taking into account non-adiabatic heating effects TEC 986: 1989, Guide io the short-circuit temperature limits of electric cables with a rated voltage froml SIF (3,6) kV to 18/30 (36) E¥ 13 Equations, symbols and units All equations used in this standard are quantity equations in which quantity symbols represent physical quantities possessing both numerical values and dimensions. ‘The symbols used in this standard and the SI-units concerned are given in the following lists. 1.3.1 Symbols for section 2 - Blectromagnesic effects A, Cross-section of one sub-conductar # mi? a Centre-line distance between conductors m a, _Bffective distance betwoen neighbouring main conductors m yi, ‘Minimum air clearance m a, Effective distance between sub-conductors m che Centre-line distance between sub-conductor 1 and sub-conductor n m a, _ Cenire-line distance between sub-conductors 0 ais Eifective centre-line distance between the sub-conduetors in the bundle m b Dimension of a sub-conductor perpendicular to the direction of the force mt 5 Equivalent static conductor sag at midspan ” b, Maximum horizontal displacement m &, Dimension of a main conductor perpendicular to the direction of the force m © Factor for the influence of connecting pieces 1 ce Material constant mits) Cy Dilatation factor 1 ( Form factor 1 dD ‘Outer diameter of a tubulat conductor m d Dimension of a sub-conductor in the direction of the force m dy Dimension of a main conductor in the direction ef the force m d, Diameter of a flexible conductor m E Young's modulus Nam? #, ‘Actual Young's modulus New? 865-1 © 1 F Ta tk 1993 -13- x Force acting between two parallel long conductors during a short circuit Force on support of rigid conductors (peak value) Drop force Force between main conductors during a short circuit Force between main conductors during a line-to-line short circuit Force on the central main conductor during a balanced three-phase, short circuit Force between sub-conductors during a short circu nsile force in flexible main conductor ircuit tensile force Pinch force Characteristic electromagnetic farce per unit length on flexible main conductors Short-cireuit current force between the sub-conductors ina bundle System frequency Relevant natural frequency of a main conductor Relevant natural frequency of a sub-conductor Factor characterising the contraction of the bundle Conventional vatue of acceleration af gravity ‘Three-phase initial symmetrical short-circuit current ¢r.m.s.) Line-to-line initial symmetrical short-cizcuit current (r.m.s,) Line-to-earth initial short-circuit current (r.m.s.) Peak short-circuit current Peak short-circuit current in case of a line-to-line short circult Peak short-circuit current in case of a balanced three-phase short circuit Instantancous values of the currents in the conductors Second Moment of main conductor area, Second moment of sub-conductor arex Parameter determining the bundle configuration during short-circuit current flove Number of sets of spacers ar stiffening elements Factor for the effective distance between sub-conductor 1 and sub-conductor n Factor for effective conductor distance Centre-line distance between supparts Cord length of a flexible main conductor in the span Length of one insulator chain Se ee ee ae ee et z cy | | | } pa a za aR a & NN 865-1 © IEC-1993 (Centre-line distance between connecting pieces or between one ‘connecting picce and the adjacent support Mass per unit length of main conductor Mass per unit length of one sub-conductor Total mass of one set of connecting pieces ‘Stiffness nomm of an installation with flexible conductors Number of sub-conductors of a main conductor Factor of plasticity Stress corresponding to the yield point ‘The ratio of electromechanical force on a conditions to gravity Resultant spring constant of both supports of one span. ‘Wall thickness of tubes Period of conductor oscillation Duration of short-circuit current Duration of the first short-circuit current flow Time from short-cireuit initiation until reaching F,, juctor under short-circuit Resulting period of the conductor oscillation during the short-circuit current flow Ratio ef dynamic and static force on supports Ratio of stress for a main conductor with and without Giee-phase automatic reclosing Ratio of stress for a sub-conductor wich and without three-phase automatic reclosing Ratio of dynamic and static main. conductor stress Ratio of dynamic and static swb-condvctor stress. (Centre-line distance between non-clashing sub-conductors during short-circuit current flow Section modulus of main conductor Section modulus of sub-conductor Factor for force on support Factor for main conductor stress Pactor for relevant natural frequency estimation m ~ 1 1 1 Angular dicection of the foree degrees Swing-out angle at the end of the short-circuit current flow degrees Maximum swing-out angle degrees Blastic expansion ‘Therma! expansion 1 1 LL eee | 865-1 © TEC:1993 -17- ‘ | fq. Strain factor of the bundle comtraction —* 1 | Sress factor of the flexible main conductor 1 JA Factor for calculating F,, in the case of non-clashing sub-conductors a x Factor for the calculation of the peak short-circuit current 1 Mo Magnetic constant, permeability of vacuum Him vivpMpvy Ve Factors for calcutating F,, i VS Factor for calculating F,, in the case of clashing sub-conduciors 1 | o,, _ Beading stress caused by the forces between main conductors Nim? | o, ‘Bending stress caused by the forces between sub-conductors N/m? Sy, Resulting conductor stress: Nim? Spe Lowest valuc of o when Young”s modulus becomes constant N/m? \9, ‘Quantity for the maximum swing-out angle 1 @.¥ Factors for the tensile force in a flexible conductor 1 1.3.2 Symbols for section 3 - Thermat effects A Main conductor cross-section o i Steady-state short-cirewit current (f.m.s.) A xR Initial symmetrical short-cirewit current (r.m.s.) A Me ‘Thermal equivalent short-time current (€.m,8,) A %y, ‘Individual thermal equivalent short-time current at repeated short-circuits (t.m.s.) A fgg ‘Rated short-time withstand current (r.m.s.} A K Factor for calculating Sy, Asm? @. Factor for the heat effect of the d.c. component 1 [* Factor for the heat effect of the a.c. component 1 Se. ‘Thermal equivalent short-time current density (f.m.s.) Alm? | Sq, Rated short-time withstand current density (r.m.s} for 1's Atm? qt Duration of short-circuit current s | Ty, Duration of individual short-circuit current flow at repeated short circuits 8 i, Rated shon-time, s | 8, Conductor temperature at the beginning of a short circuit ¢c 4, Conductor temperature at the end of a short circuit 90° oo) and 12S arccosy for 0766S x51 6, = ¢ 10 +arccos x for -0.985 <7 < 0,766 GD 180° for 1.<-0985 NOTE - The calculated swring-oot angle 4, is the maximum value which can occur for the "worst cate” swhich is « short-citcoit deration ees than or equal tothe sted short-circei duration T,, 2.3.2.2 Tensile force F, during short circuit caused by swing out (short-circuit tensile force) ‘The load parameter » is obtained as follows a(VT +1) for Thy Tye! 4 = GD Bersind, ecos§ = 1) for Ty 0.6 if 5, 2 70°. In this case: the drop force is given by: 865-1 1993, -45— pad Fy (/148e 85) 180° NOTE - In shore spans the bending stiffness of the span seduces the span drop. which menas that the span drap i calzulated 1 be tao large sf the span length is less than approximately 10 times the die- meter of the single conductor, ie. 1< 100 ¢, 23.24 Horizontal span displacement b, and minimum air clearance fin “The elastic expansion is given by: fa = NE Pd a6) N@ the trermal expansion is given by: a fo on «(3 fl for Tye 7/4 1 «[ 3 Tl fOr Ty 2 Tread 4 For ¢,, use: 0,27 - 10°" m‘/A"s) for aluminium, aluminium alloy and aluminium/steel conductars with a cross section ratio of AISt > 6; 017-107! mf(475) for aluminium/stee! conductors with crass section ratio of ASUS 6: a 0.088 - 10°! m'{A*s) for copper. NOTE ~ Inthe ease of two-tine single-phnse systems, replace A in equation (7b ba ‘The factor Cp allows for sag increases caused by clastic and thermal elongation of the con- ductor and is given by gelFfetie? eye eee ele (Eg, + Eat (38) Diy, Be Sg | ain FE ‘The factor C, allows for a possible increase in the dynam a change in shape of the conductor curve and is given by: ‘ag of the conductor caused by | 105 for 50,8 “Cpe fO97401r for O8 | zx “ | ° a2 oa rv a ; ¥ Ne een | For 5,0 Lithon = 1,6 shall be used. | 865-1 © IEC:1999 —109- Baer, 0,0929 +4,49 o-** + 0.0664 1g GN* | minimum value of V,, or V_. Voy = 0,756 + 4,49 0" 5 O56 1g GN Ya = 10 20,8 1 * Ifk> 1,6 then x = 1,6 shall be used. In the case of V.,., the same equations shall be used as for V,. but f/f shall be replaced by fedf. @ AS Fig s gure ‘The factor ¥, is given by: t 1s for sufs0,05 10-0615 gp for ons

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