PROCESS CHART FOR GRILLAGE & SEAFASTENING DESIGN

INPUT

FORCE CALCULATION

FORCE DISTRIBUTION

SEAFASTENING DESIGN

GRILLAGE DESIGN

ACCESSORIES

INPUTS (from workpackage)

General Information
Weight & c.o.g information.
Material information.
Allowable stresses
Computer program used
Drawings (client drawing)

Appendices
Weight & C.O.G of module.
Barge information
Transportation layout.
Load distribution.
Cargo on barge.

References & literature

o Seakeeping analysis
o Structural analysis report.
o Weight control report.
o AISC ASD manual of steel Construction
o ANSI/AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code
o API RP 2A-WSD Working Stress Design
o BLODGELT,OW Design of Welded Structure

FORCE CALCULATION
Depending upon the client requirements any of the following
methods can be used.
Noble Denton crirteria
John Brown method.
Sea keeping analysis.(etc)

NOBLE DENTON CRITERIA

It is used for smaller cargo transported on barge. No complicated structure is
used in this criteria.

TRANSPORTATION FORCES
The spreadsheet 'TRANSPORTATION FORCES' calculates the static and dynamic
transportation forces and accelerations. Parameters to be entered are transportation
criteria, cargo specifications and barge or ship information. Input and output of the
spreadsheet are consistent with the Bartran axis system. Angles and moments,
however, are according to the Right Hand Rule!

Transportation criteria
Input:
The single amplitude angle for roll, roll in degrees.
The full cycle period for roll, Troll in seconds.
The single amplitude for pitch, pitch in degrees.
The full cycle period for pitch, Tpitch in seconds.
The single amplitude for heave, Aheave in meters.
The full cycle period for heave, Theave in meters.
The spreadsheet will automatically detect the Noble Denton criteria ('General guidelines
for marine transportations' 0014/NDI/JR - dec. 1986, section 5.2.1) and will prompt so on
the sheet.
Noble Denton Criteria are:
Single amplitude
(10 sec full cycle period)
Type
Roll
Pitch
Heave
Small
5m
25
15
barges
Larger
5m
20
12.5
barges
Small
5m
30
15
vessels
Note that the 5 m heave at a 10 sec. cycle period accounts for a vertical accelerations of
0.2 g.

Cargo specifications
A suitable name for the cargo can be entered for reference purposes.
Input:
The weight of the cargo, W in kN.
The mass moment of inertia about the roll axis, MoIx in Tm2.
The mass moment of inertia about the pitch axis, MoIy in Tm2.
The x - co-ordinate of the cargo centre of gravity, xCoG in m.
The y - co-ordinate of the cargo centre of gravity, yCoG in m.
The z - co-ordinate of the cargo centre of gravity, zCoG in m.
Barge / ship information
The name or description of the barge / ship can be entered for reference purposes.
Input:
The x - co-ordinate of the centre of rotation, xCoR in m. (Usually xCoR is a few meter
shorter than half the barge length)
The centre of rotation is on the waterlevel: zCoR = meandraft in m.
Note that by default the centre of rotation in y - direction is at half breadth of the
barge.
Transportation forces and accelerations
The calculated transportation forces and accelerations are a combination of dynamic
forces and static forces on the centre of gravity of the cargo. The spreadsheet calculates
the vertical force, the horizontal force, the moments and the heave in the centre of gravity
of the cargo. These forces and moment are calculated for roll to starboard and portside,
and pitch to stern and bow. Note: the output forces are exerted by the module on the
barge, their workpoint is the module C.o.G. An example is given below for roll to
starboard, roll to portside and pitch are calculated in a similar fashion. Shown is the stern
of a barge with cargo:

Roll
Static forces:

Dynamic forces:

Combined forces:

F, static = W * cos( roll ) kN

Fh , static = W * sin( roll )

kN

2
W

Fv ,dynamic =
* y CoG * roll *
T
kN

9.81
roll

2
W
Fh ,dynamic =
* ( z CoG z CoR ) * roll *
T

9.81
roll

2
kNm
M roll = M o I x * roll *

Troll

2
W
kN
H roll =
* Aheave *
9.81
Theave

Fv , SB = Fv , static + Fv , dynamic
Fh , SB = Fh , static + Fh , dynamic

kN

kN
kN

Pitch
Below the forces acting at a module, and exerted on the barge, are shown for pitch to
bow:

Static forces:

Fv , static = W * cos( pitch )

Fh , static =W * sin( pitch

kN
) kN

Dynamic forces:

2
W

kN
Fv ,dynamic =
* ( x CoG x CoR ) * pitch *
T

9.81
pitch

2
W

kN
Fh , dynamic =
* ( z CoG z CoR ) *

*
pitch

T

9.81
pitch

kNm
M pitch = M o I y *

*
pitch

T

pitch

H pitch

Combined forces:

2
W
=
* Aheave *

9.81
Theave

Fv , stern = Fv , static + Fv , dynamic

Fh , stern = Fh , static + Fh , dynamic

kN

kN
kN

Example on Noble Denton Criteria:

INPUT
Transportation criteria
Roll

Pitch

Heave

20
10

deg
s

single amplitude
full cycle period

50
12.5

deg
s

single amplitude
full cycle period

m
s

single amplitude
full cycle period

5
10

Cargo Specification
Mass Moment of inertia about roll
axis
Mass Moment of inertia about roll
axis
X coordinate (from stern)
Y coordinate(from center line)
Z coordinate (from bottom barge)

24623.1

kN

MoIx

226992.7

T-m^2

MoIy

=
=
=
=

578363.4
25.631
1.715
13.45

T-m^2
m
m
m

=
=

61
3.8

Barge Information
X coordinate from center of
rotation
Mean draft of barge

m
m

OUTPUT

CALCULATION OF FORCES AND

ACCELARATIONS
roll to star board

roll to port side

Pitch to Stern

Pitch to Bow

Fv

-22558.586

KN

Fh
moment
heave(+-)

-11686.965
31233.328
4855.4783

KN
KN-M
KN

Fv
Fh
moment
heave(+-)

-23720.685
11686.965
-31233.328
4855.4783

KN
KN
KN-M
KN

Fv
Fh
moment
heave (+-)

-35008.848
-24086.526
-127328.96
4855.4783

KN
KN
KN-M
KN

Fv
Fh
moment
Heave(+-)

3337.3147
24086.526
127328.96
4855.4783

KN
KN
KN-M
KN

JOHN BROWN METHOD

This is the preliminary method to calculate accelerations and forces when
the time period and angular displacements are given.

EXAMPLE:-

INPUT DATA
Transportation criteria
roll

40
10

deg
s

single amplitude
full cycle period

pitch

12.5
10

deg
s

single amplitude
full cycle period

heave

5
10

m
s

single amplitude
full cycle period

Cargo Specification
Weight
Mass Moment of inertia about roll axis
Mass Moment of inertia about roll axis
X coordinate (from stern)
Y coordinate (from center line)
Z coordinate (from bottom barge)

MoIx
MoIy

=
=
=
=
=
=

24623.1
226992.7
578363.4
25.631
1.715
13.45

kN
T-m^2
T-m^2
m
m
m

=
=

61
3.8

m
m

Barge Information
X coordinate from center of rotation
Mean draft of barge

OUTPUT

CALCULATION OF FORCES AND ACCELARATIONS

roll to star board

Fv
Fh
moment
heave(+/-)

-21977.5
-22359.7
62466.66
4855.478

roll to port side

Fv
Fh
moment
heave(+/-)

-24301.7
22359.67
-62466.7
4855.478

Pitch to Stern

Fv
Fh
moment
heave(+/-)

-31529.5
-7370.17
-49737.9
4855.478

Pitch to Bow

Fv
Fh
moment
heave(+/-)

-16550.5
7370.17
49737.88
4855.478

kN
kN
kN-m
kN
kN
Kn
kN
kN-m
kN
kN
Kn
kN
kN-m
kN
kN
Kn
kN
kN-m
kN

SEAKEEPING ANALYSIS
It is used when contractually required and/or for more complicated structure.

Output from seakeeping analysis:1. HYDROSTATIC ANALYSIS- in this c.o.g information of barge and
module will come with their stability criteria.
2. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS in this motion and accelerations will come.
This will give the input for force calculation.

Coordinate system for seakeeping analysis

C.O.G INFORMATION :-

FORCE DISTRIBUTION
Static force
o Due to weight of the module.

Dynamic force
o
Due to heave.
o
Due to roll.
o
Due to pitch.

Distribution of roll force on roll

braces.

Distribution of pitch force on pitch

braces.

In case of force distribution following points will be followed:1. First we find the percentage distribution of forces on supports by

2.
3.

using either of following softwaresSACS

MOSES
SEASAM
Then we distribute the static & dynamic forces on supports.
We design grillage & sea fasteners according to maximum reaction
and maximum Bending moment.

Example of weight distribution by using SACS software-

SACS Model output file-

Position of GU pile on Barge for SACS Model (drawing-1)-

According to the weight percentage we distribute the forces on support:Distribution of vertical forces:1. Vertical support reaction=(Percentage distribution of

forces at support* weight of module)

2. Heave forces=(Percentage distribution of forces at support* weight
of module)
3. Vertical force due to roll moment=(Percentage sharing of support
roll moment * Total moment *
Distance from center of support
in)/(second moment of area of
support)
4. Vertical force due to pitch moment=( percentage sharing of support in
pitch moment)*(total
moment)/(distance between
supports).
Due to pure roll (Wave heading 900/2700)
Summary of total support reactions
Maximum vertical force = vertical force +heave force + roll
couple.
Minimum vertical force=vertical force heave force - roll
couple.
Due to pure pitch (Wave heading 00/1800)
Summary of total support reaction
Maximum vertical force = vertical force + heave force + pitch
couple
Minimum vertical force = vertical force- heave force - pitch couple
Due to Quartering sea (Wave heading 450/1350/2250/3150)
Summary of total support reaction
Maximum vertical force = vertical force + heave force + pitch
couple + roll couple
Minimum vertical force = vertical force- heave force - pitch
couple - roll coupl
Distribution of horizontal forces:-

To prevent the horizontal movement we use roll braces and pitch braces.
1. when the number of rows of supports are two:
Brace force = (max horizontal force * distance from c.o.g)/ (distance between row
* number of braces in that row)

For Ex:-

kN

2. when the number of rows of supports are more than two:

For more than two rows we use BOUTEN STELLING formulae.

Brace force = ((Total moment * distance of row from c.o.s)/ (second moment of
area of support)) + (Maximum horizontal force/number of rows)

SEAFASTENING DESIGN
Pitch Braces
o Tubular brace
o Gusset plate
o Additional strengthening plate
Roll Braces
o Tubular brace
o Gusset plate
o Additional strengthening plate
CHECK WELD B/W:
o
Brace & Gusset plate.
o Gusset plate &Barge deck.
o Under deck weld

GRILLAGE DESIGN
Design of Grillage arrangement.
o According to hard points on barge & their capacities.

Design of Grillage cross section

According to maximum bending moment & max. shear force.
Joint check b/w grillage & leg pot support as per AISC code
o
Web local yielding
o
Web crippling
o
Web compression buckling
o
Web sideways buckling.
Shear check in web.
Local Check
Flange bending

ACCESSORIES
Depending on design requirement.
Wing plate
Shear plate
Saddle

Shim plate
Uplift bracket
Setup cans
Skid shoes
Wood skid beams
Load spreader beams
Stoppers
Barge capacity check
Trailors arrangement etc.