elttep#adftm

tffi

Pastsentenceswith if
Lookat thesehalf sentencesand matcha first halffrom colurnnA
with a secondhalffrom columnB.

If you'd beenmorecorefuldoing

If I hodn't lost my possport

If Sqrq and I hod stoyed longer

in Poris

If we'd booked our theqtre

tickets in odvqnce

3 I'd tre,on the plone to Tunisio.

If Greto hodn't spent ,1.0,0O0

on o new cor

1 she'd hove enough rnoney to poy

her rent.
l'd hove stdyed ot his house on
rny woy to Germony.

ou,tside.

If I'd put the correct stomp on

we could hqve token the children

to the zoo.

the letter

If my uncle lived neor the oirport

we wouldn't hove missedour bus.

I
h

If it hodn't rqined

he wouldn't hove such o terrible

cough.

a..J...

b.......

the woshingup ...............

4 we'wouldn't hove hod to queue

If Mqlcolm hod stopped

smoking

If you hodn't token so long to

get reody

Completethesesentences
with your own ideas.

we'd hove visited Euro Disney.

d .......

If we'd put more sqlt ond pepper

on the food ............

I ....... h.......

Rewritethe followingsentencesso that they meanthe same,using

a past sentencewith if.

ffi
ct

Kristinmovedto SonFrqncisco
ond thot'show shemet Rqlph.
salLFruar.ttco
Kristint4a?!44.{,.t.1!41at
.?.t&.e!/.p/k1f
.th.e.hq4,rc.t.r1!tt41q

You didnlt weor o lumper. Thot's why you're cold.

If you ............

If the weather hod been better

Iost weekend

]osh wos very tired ond so he lost his temper.

T o s h. . . . . . . . . . . .

Som didn't do his homework, so he doesn't know the onswer.

If Som

eMy

hoir looks terrible. Thot's becouseI didn't go to my usuol hoirdresser.

IfI

I don't hove o very well-poid job becouseI hqven't done o computer course.
If I'd

Alice wasn't ot home lost night. Thot's why she didn't get your messoge.
AIice

The store monoger knew Ruth's fother. Thot's why he gove her the job.
If the store monoger

76

trfmy mother hqdn't lent me

some money

$ff
sw*dr,*fi*

Grammarsnack

sothattheyaretrue
thesesentences
b) Complete
for you.

\/erb+ object+ infinitive

If someonewqs visiting my cily, i'd odvise

Thedoctor told me to drink more woter.

Ite//+ object+ infinitive)

lt's not eosyto persuodeme ..............

Thedoctor told me not to drink so much beer.

tte//+ object+ not + infinitive)

Peoplealwoys hove to remind me ..............

Otherverbsthat follow this pattern:

odvise osk persuode remind teqch want

lf I hod o doughter, I'd wont her

I s o m e t i m e so s k m y E n g l i s ht e o c h e rt o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

a) Rewritethesesentencesso that they mean

the same,usingthe verb in brackets.
Dougsoidto me, 'be more coreful.'(fell;
Dountold,m.eto be m.orecarerttl
"'t" "" """"

''" ":) " " " " " "'

"'

i 'Juliet, pleose stoy,' fim soid. (wcnf)

lim ..............
J

My fother gcrveme driving lessonslost yeor. (teqch)

My fother
The locol people soid we shouldn't drink the woter.
(advise)
The locol people

fohn soid.

'Don't forget to lock the bock door,' my mother told

me. (remind)
My mother ,
'Don't touch
(teILl
We
'l think you should go to the police,' Ion soid to
Mortin. (advise)
Ion ..............

1 0 'Pleqsedon't mqke so much noise,' Todd sqid to his

neighbour. (ask)
T o d d. . . . . . . . . . .

77

rys*#rs$*
tff

Vocabulary

b ) C i r c l et h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r i n
these sentences.

U s i n gt h e d i cti o n a ry:
re vi si o n

1
2
3

Whenyou looka word up in the dictionaryit showsyou:

. the pronunciation
/ri'eekt/
includingthe mainstress(shownby )
. the grammar,
e.g.v = vefb,n = rtoufl
. if a nounis countable[C]or uncountable
[U]
. if thereis a preposition
whichfollowsit, e.g.react(to,against)
. the meaning,and givesexamplesentences.
d% a) Usethese extractsfrom the LongmanDictionaryof Contemporory
ifl Englishto completethe chart below.Mark the mainstresso.
ad.vice/ed'vars/
n ltll on opinion you give someone
obout whot they should do: l+ on/aboutl There's
Iotsof advicein the bookon baby care.lgive advice
Canyou giveme sameadviceaboutbuyingahouse?
ad.vi.sab.le/:d'varzrh:l/ adj something thot is advissble
should be done in order to ovoid froblems: For
heaw srnokers,
regularmedical checksare odvisable.l
ad.vise/ad'varz/v to tell someonewhot you think
they should do: advisesb to do sth Paisenqers
ari
aaiiiea nol ri tiove their bags unattended.l

4
5
6

After'knowledge' we use the

preposltron Wl about.
'Advice' is a. countable
I
uncountablenoun.
The pronunciotion of 'qdvice' ond
'odvise' is the same different.
I
'ignore'
In
the letter 'g' is silentI
not silent.
After'solution' we use the
preposition to I at.
'Solution' is a countable
I
uncountablenoun.

Peoplemake I do o decision.

The pronunciotion of the first

'i' in 'decisive'ond'declsion'
is
the same I differenl.

c ) C o m p l e t et h e g a p s i n t h e s e
sentences with the correct word
(use the dictionary extracts).
1

It's not ..ad!!{.a1b........

to swim
qfter
immediotely
o big meol.

Pouline'svery knowledgeoble
... jazz music.

so.lu.tion/sa'lu;Jan/
n [Cl o
woy o{ solving o problern
or.deoling wilh o difficult
' situotionl[+
to] Thereare
no simple solutionsto lhe
problem of ovefpop al61;6n.
find a solution fhe
gouernmenlsare trying lo
find a peacefulsolution.
solve /solv1 v to find qr.
'prgvide
o woy'of deoling
' with
o problem: Chcrlie
'
Ihinks money will solve all
hi3 problemi.

verb

noun

H o v ey o u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .q. . . . . .
solution to your problem yet?

question ond continued tolking.

I ' m n o t v e r y. . . . . . . . . .
when I go shopping: it tokes me
o long time to chooseclothes.

Could you give my doughter

odvice obout
music lessons?

The teqcher wos shockedby the

children's
... : they
knew nothing obout the history
of their country.

adjective

ad.uue,

advice

T h e s o l u t i o n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t.h. .e. .
problem isn't eosy.

The journolist's
of the politicol situotion wos
very good.

decide
rgnore
know
solution

78

t#
msm#w$*

Reallife

lt's o cold night ond there's ice on the

roods. You know they come by cor. As
you toke their coots,whot do you soY?

As you go into the porty, your friend

Simon comes up ond seesyour guests.It's
o long time since he hqs seenthem.
Whot does he soy?

You toke your friends into the porty ond

introduce them to your sister. Whot does
your sistersoy?

Loter ot the porty, one of your guests

introduces his girlfriend to you. You don't
know very much obout her, except thot
she'sgoing to study in Progue.What do

St a r t i n ga n dfi n i sh i n gco n ve rsa ti o ns

phrases
*\
: ',,,i a) Matchthe speechbubblesto makecomplete
:
for startingand finishingconversations.

interruotbut I haveto ...

How are
you?| haven't...

vou sqv?

Oh dear,is that ...

I r e a l l y. . .

nffi

@
2....... 3....... 4.......
8....... 9 .......

b) Now write the completephrasesin the correctcolumnin the

chart.
Startingconversations

It's 11.30. You're in the middle of q

conversotion qnd a friend who lives o
long woy qwoy comes up to you. Whot
does he soy?

lt's 1 o'clock. You've been having o very

interesting conversation with one of your
guestswhen she suddenly looks at her
wotch. Whot does she soy? (Two phroses

g conversations
Finishin

1 He//n,t'ue'h.eard,a,kt
aboutyow.
2
3

together)

4
5

d) tE Listento the situationsand saythe

correctphrase.

c) Lookat the followingsituations,which take placeat a party.

Choosethe bestphrase(1-9 above)for eachsituation.
L You'rehaving o porty.Thedoorbellrings,you openthe door
qnd seetwo good friends.Whqt do you soy?

You heor:
/
=--/l
-"
a
zz/ You'rehaving
\
The doorbellrings\
( OartV.
you see two good
\and
r/

You soy:
/
-----/l
/ uq fua
\
\ yowcoull' /
\gwr_-/

m*wdqx**$ffi

lmproveyour writing
A letterto sortout a problem
a) LucyHumphries
bookeda flightto MexicoCityand paidby credit
S $
H $ card.Shereceivedher ticket a few dayslater,but the dateson the
ticketwere wrong.Shesent the ticket backto the travelagent's,but nearly
two weekshavepassedand she has not heardfrom them.
Lucyhaswritten a letterto sort out the problem.Reorderthe sentences
below and write out the completeletter in the spaceprovided.
44 Barn Road
NS4

Nottingham

May 29th

The Manager
Travel
Eurotrips

Agent's

Dear Sir/Madam

\^
nr

,y , u^ u,

^-^
t d!!

drLdLrtscr

until

+^-

the

Several

weeks

l erurn

book
on

,u1y

..n.arnp.l

because I

about this
do

fi rl rr rd :6n ^ , , q ,

8-h

-.,
,,Ly

need to
,.;^
LrrPi

dates

are

ago

telephoned

r-llgl-rand

to

make other

,.,hi^L
wr

confirmed..

l4exico

retui ning

o-

your

office

Cit-y,
Jul /

to

leaving

2 /+h.

Yours

faithfullY

L ttwwYh'rLas

b) In your notebookwrite a letter to sort out the problembelow.

Usethe letter aboveto helpyou and show your letterto your teacher.
Language
School,
Threeweeksago,you bookeda 4-weekcourseat theSuccess
354 LiffeyRoad,DublinDN6.A weekago,you hadnot receiveda receiptor
Youphonedthe schoolandlefta
of yourplaceon the course.
confirmation
you
have
but
stillnot heardanything.
on
the
ansaphone,
message
Beforeyouwritethe letter,decide:
. Howmanyhoursa dayyourcourseis:3| 4 | 5 ?
. Howvoupaidfor the course:
creditcard/ banktransfer?
. Thedatesof yourcourse.

80

19-

ffiffiffi%ffi#ffiffi-fu
Questiontags
ilffi-'ffiMmwffiffiffiffiffi
,3 a)

G r a m m atre r m s
: ): up
';"1
:
.
::.der
:
:i\:r
':3ko

g
h
i
j

telling
don't
con't
the

l
m
n

you
your
becouse

;"t ,
c
d
e

.r noun

rn

:ninrrmanf
:ninrr

+^ihih^
r,qlrrrrry

\t

o verb
o noun

f
g

o noun
o noun

enioyoble
trdinee
troiner

ru
ffiMwffiw
M a k i n gq u e s t i o n s

-i

\Vhich port of Itoly doessne come lromI

How did you meet her?
Whot doesshe do for o living?
When did she first come to Englond?
How well doesshe speok English?
Doesshe like London?
Hos she got o flot here? / Does she hove o flot here?

Stateverbs
gel
q
a

Shortanswers
r
:
J

f
I
h

J
6

7
6
o

10
11
lz

When did you get morried?

Where wos your husbond born?
Doesyour husbond work?
Hos he got ony quolificotions?/ Does he hove ony
quolifications?
How mony children have you got? / How mony children
do vou hove?
How old ore your children?
Do you know onybody in Austrolio?

Do you live with your fomily? Yes,I do.

Do you live in on oportment? No we don't.
Did you live in the some ploce when you were young?
No, we didn't.
Are your grondporents olive? No, they oren't. / No they're
not.
Have you got o cor? No, I haven't.
Con you understond Englishwell? Yes,I con.
Doesyour Englishteocherspeokyour longuoge?
No, s/he doesn't.

going / is going
Do you smoke
do you work

li r"orti.,g / om working
do you relox
sit
Are you doing
1 0 don't know
1 1 're suffering / are suffering
L 2 wont

b)
.
:
+

oren't you?
don't you?
hoven't you?
do you?
can't you?

o
7
8
g

a)

o
b
c
d
e .

"4
"s
's
5

:
:
:
'
-

PresentSimpleor Continuous

U s i n ga d i c t i o n a r y

nrlianliva

doesn'rit?
hoven't they?
oren't they?
qre there?

hos
costs
'm
buying / om buying
doesn't wont
understond
think
looks
don't hove
're woiting ore woiting
/
don't know
's
hoving / is hcving

Word order
Adverbsof frequency
a)
da
{.*d

2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9

(Occosionolly)my colleogueJo (occosionolly)usesmy

computer (occosionolly).
(Quite often) my clossmoteCarlo (quil"eoften) hos lunch
with me (quite often).
My boss is hordly ever in the office.
ltr,iortof the time) my neighbours ore very quiet (most of
the time).
My sister-in-lowfenny neorly olwoys phonesme on Mondays.
Poul'srelotivesolwnys visit us ot Christmos.
Stephenhardly ever seeshis ex-girlfriend.
Doryl, my flotmote, never cleonsthe bothroom.

81

&f3sbs#fl H#"d

Prsnunciation

Vocabulary

/ a 1{schwa)
*w a)

Activitieswith do t ploy I go
4S\ at
dw

foleign

couple
tet
brother-in-Iow

t^t

t4t
tvt

t on",Ti*oo

1 0 neighbour

1 1 partler,

stranoer

cl

i,,

salesmon

I
cstalooue

usuolly

a
photography

a
theguitar

swirnming

exerctSe

a
yoga

I
volleyball

a
walking

o-ploying
d-do,go
r-go

:]l

dancing

5
6

c-ploy
b-does

lmproveyour writing

Theletter's'

Spellingof the -ingform

g3 a)

hnnac

,oggrng
a
skiing

works

c)

o
ossistqnt

parents
claEsmates

ll

cards
a
snooker
.o
a computergame

|.'

a
occosionally
lel
lel

gport

a
cycling

a
knitting

1,2 po,:rl'

retctTtve

go

a
the drums

I
gardening

l^l
lvl

play

do
't

heodteochel

l7l

t17I

spells
entertains
relatives.
colleagues
spends

nieces
practises
acqqaintances
use5
pronounceS

Grammar
snack
both I neither
d3 a)

tt : poytng
c writing
d seeinq
e beginning
foxing
f

g hoping
h plonning
i : iogging
j
trovelling
k prinfing

[isten and read

I
m
n
o

answering
troining
growing
driving

Unusuallifestyles
str} al
g ds6;

1
2
3

Cemmo: singer
Raoul: ossistonLchef
Frank: crossword puezle writer

2a

;t

b)

5:o

bl
L

5
a

Neither of my neighbours is / are,noisyBoth my sister and my niece spend o lol of tirne cooking.
My colleogues;Dan ond Rob are quite lczy: neither.of them
,
,..,
does much work.
,
My best frlend ]une and I are bcith, learning a musicol
instrument.,
.
,.,,:, ,,
Neither Ann nor Suson likes wql.ching footboll.

t)

Rooul

,^ Rooul

FTONK

Gernmo
Flonk
Gemmo

Fronk

9 Gernmg
10 RaouI

ffiffiMwffiw
ffi
PastSimpleor Continuous

T
L)

82

:
He won'ploying footbctl and he fell over;
We were sunbothing ot the weekend ond we stoyed out
too long.
ff. *or'*"if.i"g in the roin ond he got very wel..
They were stoying in Florido when there wos o terrible
storm.
wos travelling home fiom work and she left it on the
f|;

: :

i '

! . . . :

: .

: : : : :

. '

still,not ony more I longer

;" crking
, heor
--,Linn

*,?

wos.

!/

,i''

wos trolnrng
broke
spent

8
9

Jo used to be shy but she isn't crny more.

o.,a tft"y stil] do.
eotr ,rr"a * pftyl""rutif
il*
Peter""a
used to work for tr,'triWorren but he doesn't ony longer.
Scm used to moke me lnugh and he still doesl
My boyfriend used to buy me chocolotesbut he doesn't ony
more.

b
.
d
e
f

-.nny

l o l d m e y o u h o d o n o c c i d e n yt e s t e r d o yW. h o t
. ,.p p e n e d ?
. . e were driving home ond onother cor slopped
. . . - l c l e n loyn d w e w e n t i n t o i t .
. , n s t h e o t h e rc o r o l r i g h t ?
.:, Juckilywe weren t going very fost.
:Jorvdiclyour brother get thot scoron his hond?
J e g o t i Lw h i l e w e w e r el i v i n g i n I t o l y .
)ir, how?
,:lr wos ploying neor the oven oncl he burnt his hond
rn the oven door.
O o h ,n o s r y l

Listenand read
Frankenstein
'a)

".:
1
2
3

surprised,shocked
excited,proud
the body of o man

;'onunciation
I

:cle stressin PastSimpleforms

a)
oo
:.,rvelled
o
.,.oked
rO
o
:.rninded
a
'.:otched
o
,:.sked

a
8 chonged
Oo
9 proctised
l0

oo o
decided

tI

oa
lmprovecl

l2

oO
received

:] E
L happenedyesterday.
'
stopped it.
,Vetravelledthere.
, lookedot Morcus.
Juanremindedus.
, watchedthe TV.
Sue askedme.
: Theychangedit.

o oo
13 repeoted
Oo
14 storted
a
15

CIOSeO

snack
Gramrnar
Articles:firstand secondmention
.:a)

9
70
I1
72
13
14
tS

We practiseda lot.
lrena decidedto go.
Theyimprovedo tot.
t receiveda letter.
Fronkrepeatedit.
t stortedthe car.
Juneclosedthe door.

usedto
True: 'lt's true thot people don't queue rnucb-qny-rnQlg'
True: 'is unusuol thesedovs / mv fother still doesit.
- True: 'we still qet more thon enouqh roin in the other
,"oao
.True: W
:
f o l s e : A f e w L h i n q sd o n t c h o n g e. . . . . . .o. s i l i / o u o r e m o d . '

I
2
3
4
5
6
7

the (line
L h e( l i n e
the (line
lhe (line

2l ): o
2i): o
36): o
36): o
the lline 37t: o
the liine 41):a
the (line 4 I): o

door in the corner (line 19)

rother unpleosonl smell tline 6;
wooden work-toble {line 32)
kind of bolh tline 3l )
cleor liquid iline 37)
kind of both (line31.1
body in the both lline 41)

bl
2a
3an
4 the
5 the
6 the

12 the
13 the
14a
15 the
16 the

7a
8 the
9o
10 the
11 the

Vocabulary
and technologists
Scientists
a)

i
.
i

She usedto hove short blonde hoir.

Shedidn't use to hove o cor.
Shedidn'l use to hove o boyfriend.
Shedidn'1 use to weor smon clothes.
She used to be unhoppy.

2
3

SClNCC

medicine
ps)'cho10gy

b)
1
2
3
4

corries out
investigctes
treots, oives
drows

5
6
7

engineeling
orchitecture
georogy

corries out
mqkes
takes, oncrlyses

83

shil?s.'##{"H i.1v

lmproveyourwriting

and superlative
Comparative
adverbs

Spellingof PastSimpleforms

ft

q"r

a)

train
pran
look
fax
phone
offer
travel
allow

-ing form

H a S t5 r m p t e

training
planning
looking
faxing
phoning
olfering
travelling
allowing

trained
planned
looked
faxed
phoned
offered
travelled
allowed

enioyed
hurried
ployed

6
7
8
e

employed
$t0yed
dried
opplled

Usingwhen I while I as I during I for in stories

" .l.'91 a )

2
3
4
5
6
7

yMl
when /
when i
when /
whenI
yhel( I

gfl up:tl $u@ lfor

os / while I 4ywrtqI W
os / while I 4yW I W
os I while I ql*rq lW
7rya
9{l\*trla*wS
g{l WhrFI during I fg{

while/when/as
While/Vttren/As
for
When

6
7
8

Could you
Could you
Could you
Could you
Could you
Could you

]
o

-'T
The Monor Hotel isn't os expensive os the Park Hotel.
Savewell supermorket hqs more customers o doy thon
Pricerite supermorket.
It tokes lesstime to cross ttre city by bike thon by bus.
There.ore fewer trains in the qfternoon thon in the
momlnq,
The furniture in my sister'sflot is similor to Tim's.
The Guggenheim Murseum in New York is different from
the Cuggenheim Museum in Bilboo.
My flct's (excctly) the sqme os Phil's (flat).

b
c
d
e
f
g
h

Vocabulary
Placesaroundtown
Sq

r\ ' _

rAl

during
for
When

t"l

/7
q

;ffi
ffiHffiMsss$m

DCITCT

further
rrlenoller

":F
,*""
b
C

uJ
e

84

The flot is much / o lot smoller thon the house.

The flot is slightly / a little / a bit closer to the stotion
thon the house.
Ihe house is much / a lot quieter thon the flat.
The flot is much / o lot cleonerthan the house.
The furniture in the flot is much / o lot worse thon the
lurnilure in the house.

7 quieter
8 the most expensive
q
more crowded
1 0 the most successful

I
D

lt lL l

-K.\

.ixi
!i

the biggest
the most centrol

F;

and superlatives
Comparatives

write more cleorly pleose?

drive faster I more quickiy pleose?
explain more slowly pleose?
come ecrlier tomorrow pleose?
ring bock loter pleose?
stoy longer pleose?

thingsin differentways
Comparing

b)
z

al

6
L

e,

__'/

:/

tU

[D

S
F

l)

-n

al and b)
2

I
stotioners

stodium

^ :-.,

l1ullst

toxi ronk

a
ort gollery
a
concerthall
a
ontique shop
a
shoppingmoll

r
H

e e

' i . : ! : " , 4 i

; ' , : . " " 1

c)

-.

t m lookingfor o dry cleaners.

: siotionersnearhere?
-?, is this the right way to the stodium?
- :. t m lookingfor a florist's.Are there any near here?
-? 's therea taxi ronk somewherenear here?
.',:.t ts it to the new art gattery?
: - rcllme the way to the concerthatt,please?
:1 antiqueshop on this streetdnywhere?
3'eens'shoppingmall this way?

z-

J
b
/
8-

tne
tne
rne

lmproveyour writing

G - a m m asr n a c k

Postcards

:-=: : . : c1s of place'.

ot,in, on

; ::: ")
5ot
.b]n

/on

6 0t
9 inlon
ru on/rn

Il on
72 inlct

Dear Tete and )arah,

We'rehavinqa qreal Xime here in lhe 3iq
A??Ie'

P'onunciation

The wealher ia bri Iiant - hoL and eunny.We

6?enL rnoet of Loday ehopVinq t'here are
fanLaeLic department et'orea here:my crediN

Mra

c a r d ' e n o l ) o o k i n 7l o o h e a l L h y )W e ' r e h o p i n q
L o d o a o m e o l g h t e e e i n ql o r n o r r o w - 5 I h

3
LEIC

another
there
these
that
brother

Avenue,Timee Square, eLc. Ihe niqhLlile ia aleo

i n c r e d i b l e. . . n o b o d y b e a m . t r a q o t o b e d l

We'll be back. in a couple ol week.e,

l o v e1 u e a n d J o e
XXXX

:nproveyour writing

: - - :tuation:capitalletters

. :n meeting ProfessorAllinton on Tuesdoyafternoon,

)o you know ony good foponese restoutdnts? Our
'.--rnoging
Director,Mr Hoshimoto,is comingover next week.
-.\enly
ThousandLeaguesunderlhe Seawos wri[ten by f ules
\:nre.
'.fl-rat ore you doing ot Eoster?

G r a m m asrn a c k

--

: definite article:places
bl
with fhe

:',lups of islands:
the
: ahamas
-:publicsor unionsof
=:ates:
the UK

singleisl.ands:
Jamaica
c o u n t r i e sD: e n m a r kS, p a i n
l a k e sL: a k eC o m o
s i n g l em o u n t a i n sM: o u n tF u j i

laeansor seas:the Pacific

c i t i e s/ t o w n s :S h a n g h a i
' i,ers:the Yangtze
roads/ streetsi avenues:Broadway.
rountainranges:the Alps
5tn AVenue

We usuolly leove out: pronouns (we,you, etc.), definite orticles

(the),the verb fo be. We sometimesleove out possessive
odjectives(my,your).

b)

| . /'
uea.rJal.u ana,J uL'rc,
tf 4t
@E nrrcuej, hr,re,a, *"/t
ogo @ hotel@ smn/l but com.

.fo*"t tn, but@fo od,@wt g reat.

altour of tlu' whnb
@Dgo*g ot1',
r rouathzn@&,}>
cil toun"o
ft arutuU
dtskasfor
to try som.otyptrnlpa,sta,
are all
dtj4l4.e/.
@Dhn4@Dfil@

tam'

Jchno/,

^o.a,@,u'y)ii,pr***

LouY Mat/c an"d, Tiw

TimesSquare
squares:
bridges:BrooklynBridge
parks:CentralPark
stations:
GrandCentralStation
a i r p o r t si :F KA i r p o r t

85

i h . ; l r ' , , " r ' q n 3;' " ' , . *

for, since and ogo

dft,
ffiRn'H#g#ffi,#,ffi{Hfi1
,d:
q:"J

c
d

"?

've

olreody hod
3 we'vedone
storted
( [ormed
've
o
spent
7 ployed
didr-t'tsLo,t
o found
z

PresentFerfectContinuous

i o,on".,
's

1 0 WGS
1 1 helped
7 2 've ogreed

hod
's been wqiting

c
d

e
f
g

been qoinq
's
been proctising
been dieting

h
i
'

hos decided
enioyed
Hos everyonefinished

Grammarsnack

'tt

Corrie'so reolly closefriend we've

known eoch ol.herfor cges.
Hello, er ... sorry,l've forgotten
your nome.
Oh, thot'so nice wotch. How long
hove you hod it?
I seeyour teom'sin the linol. Hove
they ever won the cup?
We hqven't played tennis togelher
sincelhe summer.

Fronkielost went to the dentistsix months ogo.

My brother ond I stortedgoing ioggingo yeor o9o.
lone'sbeen feelingsick sincelost night.
I took Mo ospirinsthis morning.
Pete'sbeenon o diet for two weeks.
I hoven't done any exercisefor months.
We ployed footboll ott doy yeslerdoy.
I've been doing oerobicssincethis time lost yeor.
My mother hosn't been feelingwell sinceher operotion.

PresentPerfectSimple
a n dP a s tS i m p l e

Articleswith school,college,etc.
j'i

or school

2-tochurch
1-tocoun

c
d

i i : il-.;,?il:"'"
Vocabulary
?it:;'o'"t

,fli.9

.-{.
've
/ hove been
've
3
/ hove neverstoyed
've hove lived
/
q
moved
've
6
/ hove mel.
"| 've / hove hod
've
6
/ hove been

Clothes
Face
He'sgot a friendlyface He wearscasual
clothes
He'sgot a roundface
He'sgot good
He'sgot sparklyeyes
dresssense
He wears
colourfulclothes

ffi:

10
1 1 took
1')

's qone

I hoven't done my homework yet.

They'veiust got morried.
Hos Mork come out of hospitolyet?
Mv brother has iust bouqht o new
COI.

lone hos olreody sent oll her

Christmos cords.

i"" a)
";
zd
7b

Pronunciation
l t l , l i : l a n dl a i l

r [,"t")
2

5e
89

A(

t)C

3
4

he'smgdium build
li:l
ltl
she'sgot grqgn eves
li:l latl
her hoir's hlghllghted
latllarl

5 she's
r.o'*,lif
o;r,j"
86

Hair
He'sgoinggrey
Hishair'squitewavy
Hishair'shighlighted
H e ' sg o i n gb a l d

friendly, round) foce. He often weon very colourful clothes ond he olwoys looks
quite smort.
My grondmother's not very toll ond she'so lifLle overweight. She'sgot o friendly
foceond white wavy hoir. She'sgetting o bit old now, but she olwoys weorssmqrt
clothes ond she'sqot the most beoutiful honds ['ve everseen.
My cousin lim's 18. He'sof medium build ond not very toll. He'sgot long, wovy
hoir ond quite o pointed foce.He likesweoring cosuol clothes:jeonsond t-shifis,
u s uo l l y .

".:
:...:.

Euild
H e ' sq u i t es l i m
He'sof mediumbuild
He'snot very tall
He'sa bit overweight

b)
1 My uncle Bill'squite tqll. He'sgot grey,curly hoir ond o round, friendly (or

/ hos gone

PresentPerfect+ just I
yet I olready
b
c

aPnearance
PeoPle's

she'sqot
. - o sweelsmile

he's klnd ond rolher shy

/au
tau
he'smuch thlnner now he's in his teens
li:l
ltl

lt:t

latl

"i::;'::.:ji;f

-.sten and read

-:-

:"- se
:

... !t teenogerhe wonted to becomeo priestor o

$t*i' j:x
+il5,*;.*
a'fr
H'-,:in
will and won't

- - .' . . - : .

,. ptoyedo supporfingrole.

:..,.r I'iemoried Nicole Kidmon in 1990.

mproveyourwriting
:--:.-:lion:commas
a)
- , .'.'=proctiseshis guitor every doy, on<l hos guitar lessons
:' ---=a lveek.
, :.:,r't know much obout the Beotles,but I like their music
.. i

.
:
'
'

-.ke going to rock concerts,but the tickets con be reolly

:.,,:ensive,so I don't go often.
. :irought they were rubbish,' Naomi sqid os we cnrne out
,:he Joncert.
,lere were four members of the group: John, Poul, George
,-.:d Ringo.
':,:ge
said, 'You con borrow my guitor.'
'or we'll be lote.'
-rfiP on,' Poddysoid,
. c o n g e t l i c k e t sf o r t h e 1 2 t h , 1 3 t h ,o r 1 5 t h f o n u o r y . '
. re music wos very loud(,)but quite good.

:'::'f

I
won t come
'll
need to order
Will you be
won't like
will they send

b
c
d
e
f

fl ii3::,
i {'?:J:-'
going to
j;i ,. .^ ^^ -^ +^i^
b
s A e g o i n gt o d o
ore going to see
I ' m n o t g o i n gt o t h i n k
Is she going to morrY
ore Lheygoing to build
we're not (we oren't)

d
e
f
g
h

for future
PresentContinuous
arrangements
..: a)

We sat in the airport till Mother Teresa

came in. I felt hot6 tired and a bit nervous.
I wanted to kiss her when I met hepbut she
didn't let me. She told me about her work in
Ethiopia. She and her sisters took care of
sick people and homelesschildren. I wanted
to help them and I told her about my music.
'I'11give a concert in lndia
Then I said6
for you.'
'No. God will give us what we need.' She
turned to one of the important people
nearby.
'I sarv two big old palaces in the city6' she
'Will you give me them for mY
said.
h o m e l e s sc h i l d r e n ? '
'I'm not sure about palaces6 but we can
find you a house.'
'TWo houses6'said Mother Teresa.
'TWo houses.'
I understood that Mother Teresa could
ask for any-thing (,) and she would get it.
She was al1goodness. She wanted nothing
for herself.Then she took my hand and said6
'l can do something you can't do6 and
5'ou
can do something I can't do6 but rr'e both
have to do it.'

A
B

o dentist
o universftystudent

b)
2 I'm sorry, he's hoving the ofternoon off,
3 I ' m g o i n g t o o l e c t u r et h i s m o r n i n g o n d I ' m m e e t i n g

D o n i e l l of o r l u n c h .
Wh<rtore you doing in the ofternoon?
Well, I'm ploying squoshuntil 3.00,
Are you doing on1'thingin the evening?

Otherwaysof talkingaboutthe future

,iii

b
c
d
e
I
o
v

They'redue to orrive ot obout sjx.

Where ore you plonning to stoy?
Yes.we're hoping to move next month.
I know, she'sobout to toke her driving test.
Well, I m thinking of buying o new cor with some of it.
' " " ' he s determinedto win the competition.
Yes,

Futurecfauseswith if , when, etc.

b6

cz
d8
e1
nO

h5
IJ

87

;ii. i: ,"' :"'. i." l'

i : i'1ef

Reallife

iil;

Formaltelephoneconversations
. " . , c- ' o) a

Phoneme when you're in Modrid ogoin.

Let'sstop (now) beforeit gelsdork.
I'll give you my phone number ofter I move house.
l'd like to seethot film os soon os it comesout.
Mourizio hopesto get o job once he ieovesuniversity
I'll woit with you until thetoxi comes.

b
c
d
e
f
J

":

A: Goodafternoon,Henderson
lnsurance,Pam spedking.How can
t help?
B: Goodafternoon,coutdt speakto
Mrs Leesonplease?
A: Justa moment,l'll put you through.
C: Helto,Mrs Leeson'soffice,Sondy
speoking.
B: Hello,could l speakto Mrs Leeson
pleose?
C: l'lt just seeif she'savaitable.Cant
ot\*.ho,:calling?
_
B: Jo Spinelli
C: One momentplease(pause).Hello,
t'm a{roid she's not in the office ot
the mom.ent..Would you tike her to
coll you back?
B: Yespleose.
C: CanI take your number?
B: Yes,it's4442 123451.
C: Right,t'll get her to coll you bock as
soonos shecomesin.
B: Thonkyou.Goodbye.
C: Goodbye.

fhis is the tnternotionolSchool

onsweringservice.We'resorry there's
no oneavailableto take your call.
Pleoseleoveyour messogeafter the
tone.tf you would likeInformotion
obout courses,pleoseleoveyou nome
ond oddressand we'lt sendyou our
b rochure. Thonkyou. (tonel
Yescouldyou sendme information
obout your Englishcoursesfor
executives,please.My name is Jo
-L-L-t,ondmy
spinetli,tr,oit s-p-l-w-g
address is 25C, Vio Romo,Florence.
Thonkyou.

snack
Grammar
er*f otitiontot,i*" for thefuture
';,a)
^+

on

tn

night
Saturday
Sunday
December
1st
my birthday
evening
Wednesday

2010
a fortnight
a moment
threeweeks'time
a month'stime

midday
Christmas
lunchtime
73A

the year after next

thistime nextyear
next month
thistime tomorrow
nextSaturday
the day aftertomorrow

Pronunciation
lsl, lt:l and /eu/

ffioltg
1
2
3

laan
weren't
walk

1
5

borr,
.
CAUgnt

6 Iow
turn
8 bored
9 wan't
1 0 shirt

Vocabulary
Jobs
*"1 al and bl

a
occount0nt
o
iowyer

t
desiqner

I
secretary

a
engineer
a
receptionist
a

,;

ii ;t-."ii

rte

6a

5d

ol

?.

88

Apostrophes

a
orchitect

to describejobs
Adjectives
al
39

lmproveyourwriting

stressful
a
creative
o
g
challengin

trrrnq
a
rewording

a
varied

7b

f
I
h

;f
This is the boys' bedroom. They're
both ot schoolot the moment.
It's o nice doy, isn't ir?
Whoseis this?I think it's hers.
Who's thot in reception?
The compony'slost all its best
designers.
He'sleoving in o yeor'stime.
I've got five yeors'experiencein
odvertising.

,,,,$
$4#$
"fu

ittq;

2 - o r e m u d e ; 3 - e x p o r t ;4 - o r e w o r n
I - wcts; 2 - werewritten:
- wilLbe given.
3 - wos stoying / stoyed; 4
- ho: been mode;
2
1 hos been redesigned
3 - o p e n s/ i s o P e n e d 4; - c o m e

A
t

ns adiectives
:- i: ai

-:.:inting

VocabularY

:i''r.5sed
. ailinq

Fllms,TV andhewsPaPers

::SA

t-l ")

3 r a m m a rS n a c k

:: : : ::onsafter-edI -ingadjectives
6 0tlby
7 obout
8by

war

cqrtoon

orticle

soop opero

1O thriller
I I gome tshowl

musicol

l2 science-(fiction)

heodlines

l3 review

.t)

olrc

S F

N
.- l,c wos surprisedot / by his behoviour'
-..::ion'sworriedobout his iob interview
. ',rosreolly disoppointedobout missing

.
-

8 odvert
9 chot show

ol

\\i

'

'
.
..

wos found
hove been stolen

;ri . . ;;;;l;t

/ ore .. beinehetd?

.rre nol / oren't sold

W o s. . .b u i l t
is not / isn'1included
Are ... frozen
will be i is being rePoired
hos not / hosn't been told

t)
f,

E F
-AI

E
L

E H X

Lh

N G
lu

T
P

I
L

F (

.A
IA

P L T

A H

v)l

\Vhen wos the Prisonershot?

Where ore ticketsfor the concertsold?
When will the new theotrebe built?
Who was the orticle written bY?
WhY hos the Plont been moved?
sPoken/
Where is Portuguese
Whot wos NoPoleonknown os/
Who wos Lhefilm direcl'edbY?
How monY PeoPIehove beeninjured?

M U
G I

R T Y N

The passive

/7-

\l-1

P E r
': L"J:t, interestedin your suggestions
..rout the Proiect.
i, nry is reolly boredwith his iob'
obout his big nose'
io\ wos emborrossed
\lf doughter'slrightenedo[ the dork'
. m confusedobout the reosontor the
'neeting.

T U M U E
S

R I\

S S
r\

snack
Grammar

f o r t a l k i n ga b o u tb o o k sf,i l m s ,e x h i b i t i o n s ,
Prepositions
T V a n dr a d i o
newspapers,

-li ")
Newspapers
in the sPortssection
on page2
on the front / backPage
in an advertisement

bt
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Films

TV i Radio

in a film
in the first/ lastscene
at the beginning/ end

on TV / the radio
o n C N Ni R a d i oB r u s s e l s
in/onaProgramme
in / on the news

He u'0s killel. .n the lotL scene'

Thev're on Poge 65.
6'JU'
fh r.. ., g,od rilm on Chonnel 4 ot
li.. nr. .lLtlre Nolionol Gollery'
J r . . h e r o d j o I o s Ln i 9 h t .
k s on the bock Poge.
'ecLion'
I rhink they're in the entertoinments
B
u
s
l
.
o
r
B
r
e
a
k
w
o
s
i
n
He

89

tr"nsrwwr
kwp

Pronunciation

W
ffiffiffiwffiw

l fl , l v l a n d l w l
qF a)
2 Ken goesswimming every week.

Politerequests
Ttl

!!one me iI you'r confusedobout onything.

tft
tft
tfl
Ilm te*i$ed of storms,especiollywhen I'rn outside.
lwl
lfl lvl
5 The weatherforecostsoysit's going to getlgorse.
|w/
lwl
ltl
6 Phitip droveqrrer1000miles lost week,

2
3
4
5
6
7
I
9
10

e'j

ftt
Don't forget to switch off the photocopier before you leaVe
lrl
/w/
/t/
lf/
lfl
lvl
the office.
8 Do you believe in loge ot first sight?
lul
l,l
ltl
Thot film qot one ofthe worst reviewsI've ever reod.
lfl
lvl lwl
lrl
ltl lvl

Listenand read

negotive

zr

negouve

fcllse

True

6
/

False
Folse

True
True

Do you think I could borrow your camero?

Could you soy thot ogoin?
Would you mind checking this le[ter?
Would you turn the rodio down (I ccn't heor you)?
Do you think you could lend me five pounds?
Do you mind if I give you my esgoy/ give my essoy to you
o day loLe?
Could I possibly use your computer?
Is it okoy if I tell you tomorrow?

fl? a)
positive

Ta)

Waysof makingoffers

Lettersto a TV magazine
2

Do you think you could ...

Would you help me / mind helping me ...
Could you poss / Could I have,...
Yes, of course / Sure.
Wiil you get ...
Do you mind if I go ...
Not at oll / Sure. I'm going ...
Could you possibly .. .
Would you mind iooking .,. Would you look ...

d-,

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

1O I've just finished my homwdrk. Can I go out?

ttt
twt
l)t

'

bt
8

Folse

b
c
d
e
f
g
h

Sholl I oet o beer for vou?

Do you wont me to try?
Would you iike me to toke you to the stotion?
I'll lend it to you if you like.
Do you wont me to moke you o copy?
Would you like me to send you our brochure?
Yes,shqll I write it down for you?

lmproveyour writing.
Linking^ideas
withoutrepeatingyourself
af

9d\

will (instantdecisionsand responses)

, a)
*+

'

o-t**t
:"-*:'!
Yz 4{* ":':t't
the Girlz'n Bout sl6* on MTi(|dthe
bes(

and has probably the

most interesting guesk on

A: Could you possiblychonge my flight to the evening?

B: l'll iust check the computer.
A: Hi! Nice to seeyou. Come in ond hove o coffee.
B: Okoy, but I won't stoy long, I con see you're busy.

/ uas rea//g /ooking for*ard to /ast Fridag's

infurview with the

but was rerg

that 37ou

to cut the

rest of thi

the part
American

tour? P/easecou/dgou shou the who/e infurview

&

were ta/king about

in anot/rer shou soon.

b)
It
?

90

A: Are you reody to order?

B: Yes,I'll hove the fish.

three

wfu1did.

5
o

programme

nrs
little boy

tney

A: The block ones look reolly nice, Modom. Are they

comfortoble?
very - I ll toke the.m.
:, 1,"t,
A: I've got o problem with my shower.It isn't working.
B: I'll send someone up stmightowoy. Which roorn is it?

A: Could I speok to Mrs Willioms in LheAccounts

ueportmentJ
B: Ill iust see if she'savoiloble. Hold on please.
A: Is there onything good on TV tonight?
B: I donlt know - I'll hove a look in the newsnooer.
A: FIow much longer ore you going to be in the bcthroom?
B: Okoy, okoy, I won't be long.

'i'
' 4;11
;1,;i
;:i
:i'',i.:;-;t.,:i;i

. : I z c n a n t( g o )
-

5
6
7

:.
-

goout
goowoY
qo swimming

9 went for
1 0 wenl round
11 went to bed

12 went out
13 went owaY
14 wentswimming

Definingrelativeclauses

,orn.on" (who) I work with

the thing (thot)

E ' e n n n a sr n a c k
* : : : : - a K i n gg e n e r a l i s a t i o n s

.,"i a) and bl
,l:,,

.. --'-: f - the trcrffic

the men; 2 -Men, women
- ... -,'.',rmen,
- . =:.:rcise;2-Exercise

d
p
i

1-people; 2-thePeoPle
|-mrrsic:2-Themu:it
1 - l h e p o e t r y2: - P o e l r )

r s t e na n d r e a d

;. :. - :'- olhercountries
:l

3
:: '::i

Maciej

Maria

5un
maybe
usualiyno breakfast,
riceand soupservedwith
seaweedin it

and
cappuccino
cornetto

an opensandwich
w i t h h a mo r c h e e s e
or tomatoesin it

lunchboxwlth riceand
kimchlin it

sandwich

pierogiruski

kimchi,riceand soup,maybe maybeminestrone

meat- chickenor pork (with s o u p f, i s h ,t i r a m i s u
soyasauce)

maybekotletor bigos
and bread

.. . ond these ore the peoPlewho /

thot were stoying in the
op(rrtment next door.
a thi, ls tt bolcony where we hod
breokfost" every morning ...
b ... ond this is the beoch which /
t h o t r , r o sr i g h l i n f r o n t o f c u r
oportment.
cr Thisis o bcr which / thot stoyed
open till three in the morning ...
b . . . o n d L h i si s l h e m o n w h o / t h o l
owned it.
a This is n fish restourant where
we hod excellent meols .. .
b .. . ond this is crwomon whose
mother cooked wonderful Poe1lo.

5 0
b

r'ocabulary

:::candcooking
b
-auliflower
,Jro\.vn

d
e

gcrlic
spoon

f
g

chop
delicious

h
i

fork
splcy

Pronunciation
rcf

menwho:e
. .';;;'.i'.,i'"
boot we borrowed.
This is a morket which I thot
wos open every WednesdoY...
. . . o n d t h i s i s m e w e o r i n go h o t
l w h i c h / t h o L tI b o u g h t t h e r e .

with
Prepositions
definingrelativeclauses
.rr.t:,:i

loftarc

a)
restgi/ront
veqdtoble
internotlpnal

5
6
7

consroel9cl
difffrent
int/restingly

B offlring
9 troditipnol
10 serv/d

11 morrifge
12 busihess

lmproveyour writing
by e-mail
Sendingand replyingto invitations
a)

bto
c with
din
eto

crninvitotion to o meeting:C, rePlY:t

o wedding invitotion: F, rePlY:B
on invitotion to stoy for the weekend: A, reply: D

tr,iting:
I wos wondering if you'd like lo come ..
Lel me know os soon cs You con.
Could you possibly come to .. .
I do hope you con come.

refusing an in';ic[aion:
l'm ofrcr.id...
J \ . . ' o l t| : . . t l l l . l o c o m e .
\\-hot c-rshome - some other time, perhops?

on / with
wltn

WIIN

,,.i'
c6

d7

e3

f 1

g2

; i n' . . .

b)
Usefulphroses

f
g

Quantifiers{q few, a lot

of, etc.)
b4

-r

(when)
wewent
:i:l;ff",ffv

3
4
5
6
7

Y o u ' v eg i v e n m e o l o t o f g o o d
i d e c rfso r . . . '
Thereweretoo mony people ...
. . . b u t t h e r es n o l m u c h p o r k i n g
spoce in the cify cenbe.
...but not mony for the evening one.
... but not enough solt'Can I have plenty of fruit .. .'

ac c epting an invit ation:

I'd love to come ...
Yes, I think I con moke it.

91

f i

i a::" ll'"" l:: I

C"ai:: 6i'

G r a m m a sr n a c k

fi;:tr
$L,'?
{,:firy*,$
nli"se"Ei
ffu$ffi'

Articleswith countableand uncountable

nouns
,'".!")

Futuresfor prediction{will, might,

mqy,etc.l

Countable

Uncountable

guest-house

scenery
accommodation
travel
weather
money

iourney
temperature
price

,
I
!

v
h

Corlos proboLrlywon't poss his English exam.

We moy be lote so don't woit for us.
Chris isn't likely to get the iob.
I'll olmost certoinly do an English course here next yeor.
Teresomight well decide to stoy in New York.
We'll proboLrly go owoy this weekend.
There ore like1y to be lots of people on the beoch.

.i:."i

a)

We definitely won't hove time to do ony sightseeing.

It's likely to rcin beforethe end of the doy.
My friend Mori could be o fomous octressone doy.
My boss nlmost certoinly won't ogree to the pay rise.
You'Il probobly recognisemy sisterwhen you seeher.
We oren't likely to get bock from the theotre before

c
A

e
f

bl
2-

3o

4the

5-

6*

7a

8-

9The

.t0o

Vocabulary
Formation
of nouns
a)

.ia

3
=

-ment

-sron

-tion

equipment
treatment
argument
advertisement
improvement

permission
persuasion
decision
revtSl0n
discussion

competition
operation
production
explanation

mldnlont.
Our teocher will olmost cedoinly give us o lot of homework
tor rne weeKeno.

a)

persuoded
decided
equipment

possibilities
with if
Hypothetical

c)
2 cdvertisement
3 competition
t+

5
6
7

2a

3e

4c

5f

,s a)

b)

2
3
4

1
2

6b

7d

89

'je:"{l

Pronunciation
ful,ll,l$t and ltJl

Iii")

ttlt

I3I

/l/
lasl
Itil

8 ldsl
e ltl
La bl

11 ttlt
r2 lll

Note: words with 'ss', e.g. permission,discussion,ore pronounced

with lJl
words with 's', e.g. persuosion,measure,ore pronounced
wiLh ltl

Reading
folse
False

vd
e

True
False

f
g

True
True

lmproveyourwriting
Formaland informalstyles
''*'t,.,ii
i?'3 al
ii
z
2

5
7
a

I don't suppose you've found it

could you post it
let me know how much the postogeis
I om writing to enquire whether
I do hope it hos been found
I would be groteful if you could send it
I will of coursepoy for postoge

92

.J
i

a lsl

b
c

s/ls
'll will coll
/
sils

folse

'd

i would go
wer
spent
worked
wouldn't hove

lf sentencesin socialsituations
i.

al

2
3
4
j
6
7

Is it clright if I use the phone?

I'li take o messogeif he phones.
Would onyone mind if I opened o window?
t-JlSi":..y.uo lift if you like.
lhot cl be greot!
I wouldn't drive in this weother if I were you.

snack
Grammar
Word order of adverbs(certainly,probobly, definitely)
,d;,q;

b
c
d
e
f
g

My ount olmost certoiniy won't heor the phone.

Don't osk Nick obout the lecture: he probobly wcsn't
rrsrenrng.
It's 11.00:they've almost cefioinly missedtheir troin.
Stephendefinitely doesn't smoke.
Don't ring Kote, ihe probobly isn't home yt.
los definitely didn't take the money: he wos with me oll doy.

r.:i'iiri
$'i$Fq;iiu'$i{H:':{i

bcabulary
mrmt rerbs =ns prepositions

-rt
,

rffir

lkr
lsr
$ ,om

CUI

h\:

-in
I|n

OI

;ll
ili
'ji
*Ti
iie,:ttffii.o'3F'ig
,;'r,,Jfi1: ,:., ,ri',tr.
;il-'ii;

:l:r;;i..l F;il;'u#
;:','i::
$iffi"'#t*u$ifi,,,niii
PastPerfector PastSimple
'9 hod left
/

yg',

c
d
e
f
g
h
I
j
k

lelt. d t hod hqcl

'd
I h o d s t o p p e dg, o t
'd
wos, i hod eoten
met, didn't reolise,'d / hod been morried
hodn't seen,felt
song, 'd / hod never heord
'd hod written, posted
I
become, 'd / h<rdworked
'd hod known, asked
I

PresentPerfector PastPerfect
,,:.")
2a

3o

4b

5a

6b

7b

8d

Reportedstatements
'"' al

'"".:
2
3
4
5
6
7

B
9

Ofi the weother forecost last night they said it would roin
overnight.
Stephen'steocher told us he's doing very wel] nt moths / he
wos doing very well ot moths.
When I was young my fother told me I could be onything I
wonted to be!
They soid on the news this morning thot ten people hove /
hod been killed in o bomb ottock.
600 yeors ogo people thought thqt the world wos flot.
I've iust been reading on orticle in ComputerMonthly wltic}i
sold thot people in Brazil use I used the Internet more thon
onvone.
My ex-boyfriend sent me o letter soying thot he'd iust got
morried.
Woyne Rider, the new tennis stor, soid thot when he wos
n" practised / he'd proctised eight hours every doy.

:n
b) l-t
7 I'm tired.Jacksoid ...
lack said he was tired.

c)
.
3

:
5
6
7
3
9

enough
tongue
encouroge
-^,,^L
r uugu

stomoch
money
budget

I live in Rome.Caratold me ...

Cora told me she lived in Rame.

t'm going to Belgium-Petesoid ..Petesaid he was goingto Belgium.

I've been there before.Anns told me ...

Annatold me she'd heentherebefare.

We had a letter from Paul. My mother said ...

My mother said they'd hod a letter from Paul.

I can'tcome to theporty-Emma told me ...

Emma told me shecauldn't come to the party.

I'lt be 2A minuteslatefor closs.Mark soid...

Mork saidhe'd be 20 minuteslatefor class.

t'm meetingLiz for lunch. You soid...

Yousaid you were meetingLiz for lunch.

93

, JF E W # f l k # y

questions
1;3,ott"o
z

rr
esmvse
*X'lliv,"it.*
il:f*""t}:'iJttT'ffi']i:?
hod."t

meir I
Heosked

Pronunciation

speech:linksbetweenwords
Connected

ffi"

But before we could move, the man

had come outsidg again' In the light

Hiiti"fltT,";ne ot urestopover

we could see that he had something

il{$$ili**ililil;.;"

round to see if anYone was watching

v
him. Then there was a sudden crash as

with
fi:::i:i il: illffi',H'#',till')"ln'obroueht

7
8

He looked

white under hi.s arm

he broke the thing against the wall'

v
He was so busy that he didn't see the
three of us coming towards him'
v

and he feU
HoLnes iumped on his back
v
and I
Lestrade
to the ground heavily.

f ;'.-';: jk",f:ii^Hr*,i'."nr,irn

quickly ran to helP Holmes l had mY

gun ready and soon it was impossible
v

for the man to escape.

preose?
T:",ffi -'",1".n","
:'Jil!""

Definitearticlefor sharedknowledge

VocabularY

WeatherPhrases

6al
;n
3 e:
+h

5b
6d
7i

8o

ej
10f

lmproveYourwriting

f?:..
b)
2 First
3 ot first

Listenand read
SherlockHolmes

'?

ofter
At first

Afterwords
in the end

::*".,-,*,"*

*i;-::::::""

oren't ollowed
C
d . , ore ollowed
con'tlmustn't

After

f
9
h
i

ought
don't hove
musrn't / con't
con

I
k

shouldnrt
must'

SC: Con I book oerobics clossesin odvonce?

;
,:
'f

;TJ-:'IilT#"i:*;'*'
i8JJ|J:#
r?
eveo
:: ;'*"i iii::'Ji"tl:: :'-ho,
I ollowedto miss?

om
;, ic' Ho* mony closses

94

rere
ffiffiMwffiw
should

6),
2

8
9

1 0 in the end
1 1 During
1 2 afterwords

and Permission
Obligation

1
V ' , ,';

i $: ; $:,'

9 3,1,u

boiling
5 slippery
6 stormy
7 pouring
8 frosty
: 9 deep
tro breeze
4

I the
9o
1O on

for tellingstories
Timeexpressions

bl
: , 7 strong
: 3 thick

;
:
f

snack
Grammar

Ctiligation
and permission
in the past
I

+L-^,.-L

nnct

6
/

intn

through, ocross
round

Grammar
snack

;ir-ed to toke o colculqtor into the exom?

-ingformsas nouns

-'. -..estiond
s i d y o u h u v et o o n s w e r ?
: - ,,^ . -.r iwenty in three hours.

Buying a gun is quite eosy.

Parklng on the povement is possible.
Wenring shorts in church is forbidden.
Living vrith your porents until you get morried is common.
G e t t i n go d i v o r c ei s d i f f i r u l t .
W o l k i n go l o n e o t n i g h r i s n o l / i s n ' to g o o d i d e a .
C e i r i n gm o r r i e coi t t h e o g e o l l 4 i s p e r m i l t e d .
Weoringo croshhelmet on c motorbikeis not /isn't
compulsory.
Buylng drugs is iilegol.

b
c
d
e
I
g
h
i

....owed
t o s t o yu p l o t e ?
. :.-uid sit by the compfire until midnight
j:,:r,'eto get up early?
- r.-rll't hove to get up until 9.

- :

b)
2 towords
3 out of

- - :: :=.::rsehove a good time in Americo?

- : . ; d t o w o r k s i x d o Y so w e e k .
' ':iblel
- - ,: = '.rosn'tcrllowedto phone us.

lmproveyour writing

'nust and hsve to

Linkingwords
:i :i1,.
1i

. '. r, {' [o
'
, ,. ::
'-;o

e
f
g

didn t hcve lo
don't hove to
mustn't

d
e

1-mode
7*let

f
g

z
3
4

must

crscl resutt
Whot is more
Despite this

nl+kn"nh

for this reoson

,/

besldes

therefore

? 1 o k ea n d t e f
I

i-pt

= - makes

3-let
2 - mrrde

couldhave I shouldhaveI would have

'!

5o e l l i n ga n d p r o n u n c i a t i o n

z a

!:-lol / university
subjects
a)
' -

5 c

4 r

oo

,:.

c -* r -^ut ir^ r- L r

^ ^ ^ ^ - ^ ^l

biology

gcugruprry

b
c
d
e

physics

=.:,rstry history
languoges literoture
:motion technology
sociology psychology
physicol educotion
:sophy
medio studies
. ...Ju\ )tudies economics

would hove liked

couldn't hove run
shouldn't have listened
would hove bought

I
g
h
i

could hove hod

wouldn't have believed
could htrve been
should have done

We could have invited

You snoulo roKe
i wouldn't hove hod

I'd

We couldn'1. w0it

';
I
o o ooo o
. ..ophy biology

Oo
physics

O o o
rhemistry

o o
r.ory

o
o o
longuoges

,:aoo
-.o1ogy

o loo
oao
o
psychology philosophy

o o o
literature

oo o
o o o o o
informotion technology

b
c
d

OooooSo
physicoleduccrtion

Fast sentenceswith if

hnrzo

ctnrror]

a o C o
o o
oO o
oo C o
.-.=diostudies religious studies economics
C4

Vocabulary

-'ansport:
n o u n+ n o u n
iroffic jnm
toxi ronk
seasonticket

e
f

petrol stotion
crosh helmet

cnoczl

b
c

bus lclre

d
e

limit

t
9

Prepositions
of movement
.a)

.
ir
4h

5c

6l

e7

FA

q J

h6

a)

Grammar
snack

2e

d1

79

1n

l f y o u ' d w o r n o j u m p e r y o u w o u l d n ' tb e c o l d .
]osh wouldn't hcve lost his temperif he hodn'l been very /
so tired.
If Som hod cionehis homework he'd know the onswer.
lI I'J gone beento my usuol hoirdresser,
my hoir wouldn't
look so terrible.
I f TC d o n ea c o m p u l e rc o u r s eI ' d h o v e o w e l l - p o i di o b .
. \ . r c ew o u l d h o v e g o t y o u r m e s s o g ei f s h e ' db e e no t h o m e
nieht'
:::l
If the store mcnager hcrdn't known Ruth's fother, he
r r o u l d n ' th o v e g i v e nh e r t h e j o b .

95

p3,ittb,,t#f k#Y

b)

G r a m m asrn a c k
Verb+ object+ infinitive

;F",
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Verbsthat describebehaviourand reactions

d"s a)

;qi
q,#

to get
to give
of teiling
to believe
on heoring

{
Ct

i'
3
4
5
6
7

Did you hove ony problems gefting here?

How ore you? I hoven't seenyou for oges.
Hello, I've heord c lol.obout You.
I heor you're going to study in Progue.
l'm sorry to interrupt but I hove to go now
Oh deor, is thot the time? I reolly must rush.

Jim wonted fuliet to stoy.

My fother tought me to drive lost yeor.
The locol people odvised us not to drink the woter.
fohn oskedSoroh to get him some ospirin.
Toni ond fo persuodedthe trovel ogent to give them o
discount.
My mother reminded me to lock the bock door.
We told the children not to touch the computer.
Ion odvised Mortin to go to the police.
Todd oskedhis neighbournot to moke so much noise.

lazz chant

How ore you? I hoven't seenyou for ages.

Hi, glad you could come.
Did you hove ony problems getting here?
I heor you're going to study in Progue.
l'm sorry to interrupt but I hove to 90 now
It's getting lote.
Oh deor, is thol the time?
I reolly must rush.

lmproveyourwriting
A letterto sortout a problem

3.}")

7 driving
R

o
7
I

l':ll?

9 tU LUKC
L0 discussing

44

Barn

va

Vocabulary

The

revision
Usingthe dictionary:

Eurotfips

+"'

(e

noun
a
advice
o
decision
o

I
advise

a
decide

t
decisive

'a

:
ignorant

ignorance

tgnore
Know

a
knowledge

a
solve

a
sotution

a
knowledgeable

on

Travel

w-6^-

a1

.I

uncountoble
different
not silent

to

6
7
8

countoble
moKe
different

credit

received

ny
but
1

wrong.

As

t)
7
8
q

some (or nothing)

ionoronce
to
knowledge

Reallife
conversations
iirutg rnOtin'rf,ing

")
x{,?
2h

q6

can

because

3f

4i

59

6ct

7b

8d

9e

the

this
I

matter
look

need
my
are

note

days

you

inagine,

for

be

therefore

10

fron

dates

ulth

ltas

and

the

an

to

very

make

trip,

the

concerned

I
I

to

have

about

hearing

from

cannot

do

would
look

innediately.

forward

by
the

other

could

if

ticket

and

you

grateful

were

then.

uhich

conflrned.

the

expla:ining

ago,

since

vhich
I

dates

returned

innediately

That

f425,

receipt

card

You

1ater,

ueek

unfortunately

nothing
you

leaving

27th.

costing

card.

post,

Clty,
July

on

'-

o[

rou

Mexico

flight

credit

arrangements
until

obout
found
ignored
decisive

onto

by

this

c)

to

me

ticket,

-pi.:.-d

returning

paid

problem.

flight

booked

registered

b)

and

8th

July

heard

Agent's

ogo

return

book

lo

Sir/Madam

adjective

a
advisable

\S4

o.h

Manager

Dear

verb

Road

gh.a

I.or':'

you.

into