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Incidena
Incidena melanomului malign variaz de la 3-5/100000/an n rile
Mediteraneene la 12-20/100000 n rile Nordice. Rata mortalitii este de
2/100000/an pentru femei i 3/100000/an pentru brbai cu o mic variaie
geografic. Mortalitatea prin melanom la brbai s-a dublat n ultimii 25 de ani,
timp n care a aprut o tendin de declin al incidenei i mortalitii n rile
nordice cu risc crescut combinat cu o cretere continu n Europa de Sud [1].
Expunerea crescut la radiaii ultraviolete-B a unei populaii cu predispoziie
genetic pare responsabil de creterea continu a incidenei n ultimele decade
[2].
Diagnostic
Leziunile suspecte sunt caracterizate de asimetrie, margini neregulate,
culoare heterogen, dinamic (dinamic a coloritului, elevaiei sau mrimii)
(regula ABCD, Assymetry, Border, Color, Dynamics) [3]. Astzi, multe
melanoame primare au un diametru <5 mm [4] [B].
Diagnosticul va fi bazat pe o biopsie excizional pe toat grosimea, cu o mic
margine n jurul leziunii. Dermoscopia efectuat de un examinator cu experien
poate mbunti acurateea diagnostic.
E obligatoriu ca procesarea fie fcut ntr-un serviciu anatomopatologic cu
experien.
Raportul histologic trebuie s urmeze clasificarea Organizaiei Mondiale a
Sntii (WHO) i include grosimea maxim n milimetri (Breslow), nivelul de
invazie (Clark, nivel I-V), prezena ulceraiei, prezena i extinderea regresiei i
aspectul marginilor chirurgicale (dac sunt libere de tumor).
Stadializare
Este obligatoriu examenul obiectiv cu atenie special asupra altor leziuni
cutanate pigmentate suspecte, tumorilor satelite, metastazelor n-tranzit i
semnelor i simptomelor sugestive pentru metastazele n ganglionii limfatici
regionali i sistemice.
n melanoamele cu risc redus (grosimea tumorii <1 mm) nu sunt necesare alte
investigaii. n stadiile mai mari, pentru o stadializare corect sunt recomandate
T1a N0 M0
IB
T1b N0 M0
IIA
T2a N0 M0
T2b/T3a N0 M0
IIB
T3b/T4a N0 M0
IIC
IIIA
T4b N0 M0
Orice Ta N1a/N2a
M0
IIIB
Orice Tb N1a/N2a
M0
IIIC
Orice Tb N1b/N2b
M0
IV
Orice T N3 M0
Orice T orice N
M1a
Orice T orice N
M1b
Orice T orice N
M1c
stage III melanoma: final results of EORTC 18991, a randomised phase 3 trial.
Lancet 2008; 372: 117126.
11. Kleeberg UR, Suciu S, Broecker EB et al. Final results of the EORTC
18871/DKG
801 randomised phase III trial: rIFN-alpha 2b versus rIFN-gamma versus
ISCADOR M versus observation after surgery in melanoma patients with either
high-risk primary (thickness >3 mm) or regional lymph node metastasis. Eur
J Cancer 2004; 40: 390402.
12. Eigentler TK, Radny P, Hauschild A et al. German Dermatologic Cooperative
Oncology Group. Adjuvant treatment with vindesine in comparison to observation
alone in patients with metastasized melanoma after complete metastasectomy:
a randomized multicenter trial of the German Dermatologic Cooperative
Oncology
Group. Melanoma Res 2008; 18: 353358.
13. Farshad A, Burg G, Panizzon R, Dummer R. A retrospective study of 150
patients
with lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma and the efficacy of
radiotherapy using Grenz or soft X-rays. Br J Dermatol 2002; 146: 10421046.
14. AustralianCancerNetwork. Guidelines for the management of cutaneous
melanoma. Sydney: Stone Press 1997.
15. Huncharek M, Caubet JF, McGarry R. Single-agent DTIC versus combination
chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma: a
metaanalysis
of 3273 patients from 20 randomized trials. Melanoma Res 2001; 11:
7581.
16. Kaufmann R, Spieth K, Leiter U et al. Temozolomide in combination with
interferon-alfa versus temozolomide alone in patients with advanced metastatic
melanoma: a randomized, phase III, multicenter study from the Dermatologic
Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 90019007.
17. Verma S, Petrella T, Hamm C et al. the members of the Melanoma Disease
Site
Group of Cancer Care Ontarios Program in Evidence-based Care.
Biochemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma: a clinical
practice guideline. Curr Oncol 2008; 15: 8589.
18. Titus-Ernstoff L, Perry AE, Spencer SK et al. Multiple primary melanoma:
twoyear
results from a population-based study. Arch Dermatol 2006; 142:
433438.
Annals of Oncology clinical recommendations
Volume 20 | Supplement 4 | May 2009 doi:10.1093/annonc/mdp152 | iv131