INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (ICRSE-13)

Ahmed A., and Subedi S. S., Vol. 2, Special Issue, pp. 125-130, 2014

Simulation of Electric Vehicle using Induction motor drive and Battery

charging using Fuzzy Logic Controller
Amir Ahmed* and Suraj Sharma Subedi
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Majhitar, East-Sikkim, India
*Corresponding author: aamir_aahmed@hotmail.com

AbstractThis paper deals with Simulation of Electric Vehicle

using Induction Motor Drive using Matlab Simulink modeling. From
this simulation rotor speed, rotor current and electromagnetic
torque is obtained. The model of fuel cell electric vehicle is run
with New York city drive cycle using Induction motor as a traction
motor to compare the actual and reference speed of the vehicle.
Later simulation of Li-Ion charging system using fuzzy logic
controller is performed in Matlab Simulink platform. Using Fuzzy
logic controller the batterys State of charge (SOC) is maintained
between 40%-80%.
Index TermsElectric Vehicle, Fuel cell, New York city drive cycle,
Traction motor, Fuzzy logic controller, Li-Ion, State of charge(SOC)

I. INTRODUCTION
Due to growing need of sustainable development and
problem of air pollution electric vehicles (Zero emission
vehicles) is gaining popularity.It does not emit harmful tailpipe
emission and runs with traction motor and a battery. There
are many traction motors that have been used in electric
vehicles such as DC motor, BLDC motors and Induction
motors. The electric motors have several advantages over
Internal Combustion Engine such as environmentally friendly,
Performance benefits and reduced energy benefits.
Here, the dynamic simulation of fuel cell electric vehicle is
done using Induction motor as the traction motor, the
performance is evaluated in Matlab Simulink modeling as
eventually the reference and actual speed is compared.
Below here, is the system schematic of an Electric
Vehicle
consisting of various units such as Energy source, Power
Converters and Electric Motors.

The battery is connected to power converter which gives the

power to the traction motor and finally to the wheels. Here, in
this paper Induction motor has been chosen as the traction
motor for propulsion due to the following reasons:
It is widely used motor and simple in
construction.
It is less expensive and maintenance cost is less.
A lot of power converters are available that can
be used to drive an Induction motor.
It is Robust in construction.
The vehicle dynamics are studied first and the valuesof
tractiveforce, Motor Torque and Motor angular speed is found
out with the help of equations given below

II. VEHICLE DYNAMICS

Tractive force required for propelling the vehicle is given
by:
2
F =fmg + (0.5c *s*v ) + (mg sin ()) +m (dv / dt )
(1)
The motor torque is given by:
T=Fr/G

(2)

The motor Angular speed is given by:

w=Gv/r

(3)

Table 1. Vechile dynamics

Parameter

Symbols

Value

Units

Vehicle mass

1600

kg

Coefficient of rolling
resistance
Gravitational acceleration
constant
Air density

0.008

9.81

m/s2

1.23

kg/m3

Aerodynamic drag coefficient

of vehicle
Frontal area of vehicle

Cx

0.42

2.2

m2

Grade angle

degree

Gear ratio

`Tyre ratio

12
0.32

Figure 1. Electric vehicle structure.

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (ICRSE-13)

Ahmed A., and Subedi S. S., Vol. 2, Special Issue, pp. 125-130, 2014

We have chosen a city bus as a source vehicle along with New

York City drive cycle and the following observations are made.
The parameters of city bus shown in above table are put
In all above three equations and the following plots are
obtained.

Table 3. Induction motor design parameters.

Parameter
Symbol
Winding Factor
Kw

Figure 3. Torque versus Speed.

From the above plot rated values of Power and Torque is

obtained which is used as an input for Induction motor
designing.
Table 2. Motor design data.
Parameter

Value

Unit

Rated Motor Speed

3000

rpm

Maximum Motor Speed

7000

rpm

Rated Motor Power

60

kW

Maximum Motor Speed

80

kW

Rated Motor Torque

220

Nm

Based on the certain equations of Electrical Machine Design,

the following optimal designing of Induction Motor done is
shown below.

Unit
-

Specific magnetic loading or Airgap flux density

Specific electrical loading

0.46

Ac

22000

Rated motor power

Pm

10

Tesla
Wb/m2
A
conductor/m
kW

Full load efficiency

0.83

0.84

Full load power factor

Figure 2. Power versus speed.

Value
0.955

cos

Rated motor speed

40

rps

Frequency

50

Hz

Rated motor speed

NS

2400

rpm

Stator bore

0.245

Stator core length

0.14

No. of poles

Pole pitch

128.2

mm

Gap length

lg

0.57

mm

No-load emf per phase

E1

400

No-load flux

0.00826

Wb

No. of turns per phase

T1

228

No. of slots per pole per phase

N1

Total slots in the stator

N2

54

Stator slot pitch

SP1

14.25

mm

Conductor per slot in stator

N3

25

Full-load current per phase

11.95

Stator current density

Id

A/mm2

Sectional area of the stator

conductor
Area required for 25 conductors
in the stator slots.
Net area of slot for winding

AC

2.99

mm2

A2

87.25

mm2

area1

105.7

mm2

Mean length of the conductor

lm

0.407

Length of conductor per phase

L1

186

Equivalent stator resistance

Rs

1.8

III. SIMULINK MODEL

The Block diagram of an Electric vehicle is shown below. The
traction motor used is a three phase AC Induction motor (IM).
The power converter used is the DC-DC bi-directional class C
chopper. The battery used is Li-ion (Lithium Ion). Simulation of
the electric vehicle is done with the New York City Drive Cycle
(having time period of 563 seconds) from which the reference

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (ICRSE-13)

Ahmed A., and Subedi S. S., Vol. 2, Special Issue, pp. 125-130, 2014

speed is obtained. Simulation is done to compare this

reference speed and the actual speed of the vehicle.

The simulation of the electric vehicle using Induction motor

was carried and the following outputs were obtained.

Figure 4. Battery Electric Vehicle model.

The whole block diagram consists of three subsystems:

1. Energy Management Subsystem.
2. Electrical Subsystem.
3. Vehicle Dynamics.
The Simulink model of a three phase Induction motor and the
block diagram of Induction motor drive are shown in figure
below:

Figure 7. Accelerator position, Car speed, Drive torque and Power.

Figure 5. Three phase Induction motor Simulink model

Figure 8. Actual and Reference speed of the vehicle.

IV. SIMULATION OF BATTERY CHARGING USING FUZZY LOGIC

CONTROLLER

Figure 6. Induction motor drive

The central attention of electric vehicle is the battery. The

battery management system must ensure an efficient

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (ICRSE-13)

Ahmed A., and Subedi S. S., Vol. 2, Special Issue, pp. 125-130, 2014

management of batterys state of charge (SOC).The battery of

an electric vehicle should be charged with 405<= SOC =<80%.
A.

State of Charge (SOC)

It is the equivalent of a fuel gauge for the battery pack in a

battery electric vehicle. The units of SOC are percentage
(0%=empty; 100%=full). The SOC reflects the remaining charge
that is available to the battery.
B.
Fuzzy Control Logic
The single input output Mamdanis fuzzy inference method is
used because of its simplicity and ease of implementation.
Voltage is considered as the input and duty is the output
variable. The membership functions (MF) of the input and
output variables are shown below:

6. If (Voltage is M), then (Duty is M) (1)

7. If (Voltage is H), then (Duty is H) (1)
8. If (Voltage is VH), then (Duty is VH) (1)
9. If (Voltage is VVH), then (Duty is VVH) (1)
10. If (Voltage is B), then (Duty is B) (1)
11. If (Voltage is VB), then (Duty is VB) (1)
V. SIMULINK MODEL OF BATTERY CHARGING USING FUZZY
LOGIC CONTROLLER.
The figure below shows the Simulink model of Li-ion battery
charging system using fuzzy logic controller.

Figure 11. Simulink model of battery charging

Figure 9. Fuzzy MF for input variables (voltage)

Figure 10. Fuzzy MF for output variables (duty)

The battery voltage is first estimated, and then classified into

{VS; S; VVL; VL; L; M;H; VH; VVH; B; VB} which represent the
battery voltage from the minimum value of -2 V
to the maximum value of 2 V.
C.
Fuzzy Logic Rules
Following are the rules of the fuzzy logic controller:
1. If (Voltage is VS), then (Duty is VS) (1)
2. If (Voltage is S), then (Duty is S) (1)
3. If (Voltage is VVL), then (Duty is VVL) (1)
4. If (Voltage is VL), then (Duty is VL) (1)
5. If (Voltage is L), then (Duty is L) (1)

A 230 V, 50 Hz ac supply is fed as input to an AC-DC converter

(rectifier). It is asingle-phase diode bridge rectifier with a large
filter capacitor of 100 F on the dc side and is shown above.
Now, the output of the rectifier is fed as input to the DC-DC
converter. Theconverter has an ideal switch which is
controlled by a gate signal in parallel with a series RCsnubber
circuit. In on-state, the switch has an internal resistance Ron =
0.001 while in theoff-state, Ron is infinite. However, the
switch is in on-state when the gate signal is set to 1.The DC-DC
converter is shown in Fig. 13. Now, the fuzzy logic controller is
used to controlthis gate signal, thereby controlling the output
current which is described in Fig. 14. The dcoutput is given to
the Li-ion battery and its SOC, current and voltage are
observed in a scope and is shown in Fig. 13.

Figure 12. AC-DC diode bridge rectifier

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (ICRSE-13)

Ahmed A., and Subedi S. S., Vol. 2, Special Issue, pp. 125-130, 2014

VI.

Figure 13. .DC-DC Converter

Figure 14. Output current control using fuzzy logic controller

Now, the next figure shows the battery output in terms of

SOC, current and voltage.It is seen that the SOC is maintained
between the range (80-79.965%) and the battery is giving a
constant current of about 150 ampere.

CONCLUSION

Firstly, the powertrain of an electric vehicle is modeled and

then its simulation is done in MATLAB SIMULINK platform.
The correct motor type is selected and later it is designed.
Design of propulsion system is done by first identifying motor
basic important ratings i.e. rated power, rated torque, rated
speed etc. This is done by selecting a drive cycle, vehicle type
and its data, and then determining the motor ratings based
on the tractive force required to propel the selected vehicle.
Once the motor type and its broad ratings are known, the
detail . design parameters are then determined. The design
parameters are so chosen that it meets the above mentioned
motor performance parameters. The basic motor design
parameters are obtained. Then, based on these parameters,
designing of the induction motor is done mathematically and
then secondly, the design code of the motor is done using
MATLAB software. Once the motor is designed, its
performance calculation is also performed using MATLAB.
Dynamic simulation of the 3-phase induction motor is also
done using MATLAB SIMULINK. Simulation of an Electric
Vehicle using Induction Motor drive is also done for the New
York City Drive Cycle. Finally, the simulated result shows that
the actual speed of the vehicle resembles the reference
speed. In the last part, simulation of a charging system of a Liion battery using fuzzy logic controller is performed in
MATLAB SIMULINK platform. Using the Fuzzy Logic controller,
the battery's State of Charge (SOC) range is mainly
maintained.

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