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 GJ_RKAI JC BFJEODFMAI ]MFOKMO]
© Mjpyrfhlt fEod^ub
1
2>14
Sji. 1 Kj. 17=djf7 1>.2<2=/1>22
fEod^ub Gjurkais
Tlfs artfmio fs avafiabio crje7
www.gbfjeods.mje
Fsjiatfjk jc kjsjmjefai euitf-druh rosfstakt Hrae-kohatfvo bamtorfa crje sjeo Bokhlazf ljspftais
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Doparteokt jc fkcomtfjk mjktrji, Quaifty akd Rfs` eakahoeokt Jcfimo, Bokhlazf Eodfmai Moktro, Bokhlazf, Ifbya.
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Doparteokt jc Okvfrjkeoktai Loaitl, Camuity jc ^ubifm Loaitl, _kfvorsfty jc Bokhlazf, Bokhlazf, Ifbya.
=
Doparteokt jc Efmrjbfjijhy, Tlo Ifbyak Amadoey, Bokhlazf, Ifbya.
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Doparteokt jc Bjtaky, Camuity jc ]mfokmo, _kvorsfty jc Bokhlazf, Bokhlazf, Ifbya.
Mjrrospjkdfkh autljr7
 
saiibrjsNyaljj.ma
Wafkab A. Arafh
1
, Aiiaaoddfk A. Oi ]aiabf
1,2
, ]aila Bok Hwforfc
=,4
Bam`hrjukd
Rosfstakmo jc bamtorfa tj aktfefmrjbfai ahokts aro fkmroasfkhiy ro-pjrtod fk mifkfmai akd okvfrjkeoktai saepios fk loaitlmaro sottfkhs. Kjsjmjefai fkcomtfjks akd sproad jc kjsjmjefai euitf-druh rosfstakt Hrae-kohatfvo patljhoks lavo bomjeo a wjrrfsjeo subgomt rokdor-fkh troateokt jptfjks vory ifeftod. Euitfdruh-rosfstakt kjsjmjefai patljhoks lavo book dotomtod fk tlo ljspftai okvfrjkeokt suml as Fktoksfvo Maro _kft (FM_) okvfrjkeokts. Tlfs study was ukdorta`ok tj fkvostfhato tlo sproad jc kjsjmjefai patljhoks crje mifkfmai akd okvfrjkeoktai swabs mjiiomtod crje sjeo FM_ ukfts fk Bokhlazf ljspftais. Eotljds7 Tlroo lukdrod sfx swabs woro mjiiomtod crje patfokts akd patfokts zjko, tlo patfokts woro adefttod tj dfccorokt FM_s fk Bokhlazf ljspftais, tlo okvfrjkeoktai swabs woro crje sov-orai parts jc FM_s, suml as0 voktfiatjrs smrook, fljjrs, bodsfdos, akd J2 suppifors, bjtl typos jc swabs woro mjiiomtod at tlo saeo tfeo cjr oaml FM_. Tlo swabs woro muiturod jk EamMjk`oy Ahar suppio-eoktod wftl 4 eh/i jc mocjtaxfeo. Fsjiatos woro fdoktffiod usfkh stakdard eotljds. Aktfbfjtfm soksftfvfty tostfkh was porcjreod tj oxaefko tlo rosfstakmo jc Hrae-kohatfvo bamtorfa tj dfccorokt miassos jc aktfbfjtfms usod fk Ifbyak ljspftais. ^rjdumtfjk jc oxtokdod spom-true bota-iamtaeaosos (O]BIs) akd eotaiiij-bota-iamtaeasos (EbIs) woro aisj fkvostfhatod tj oxaefko tlo eomlakfse jc rosfstakmo fk jur fsjiatos. Cfkdfkhs7 Tlo rosuits doejkstratod tlat ?2 fsjiatos woro Hrae-kohatfvo bamtorfa0 jtlors woro Hrae-pjsftfvo bamtorfa. Hrae-kohatfvo bamtorfa cjukd fk kasai swabs, akd jrai mavftfos jc patfokts adefttod tj FM_ ukfts woro
 Amfkotjbamtor baueakkff,
 
^soudjejkas aoruhfkjsa
 akd
@iobsfoiia pkouejkfao.
 ]wabs mjiiomtod crje tlo ljspftai okvfrjkeokts sljwod tlat ejst fsjiatos cjukd fk tlo ljs-pftai okvfrjkeokt woro
^. aoruhfkjsa
 akd
 A. baueakkff
cjiijwod by
 
 GJ_RKAI JC BFJEODFMAI ]MFOKMO]
2>14
Sji. 1 Kj. 17=djf7 1>.2<2=/1>22
Tlfs artfmio fs avafiabio crje7
2
Fktrjdumtfjk
Fkcomtfjks mausod by aktfbfjtfm-rosfstakt bamtorfa mjktfkuo tj mlaiiokho plysfmfaks0 tloy camo hrjw-fkh rosfstakmo aejkh Hrae-pjsftfvo akd Hrae-kohatfvo bamtorfa tlat mauso fkcomtfjks fk tlo ljspftai akd fk tlo mjeeukfty sottfkhs. Tlo ejst mjeejk prjbioes jc rosfstakmo jmmur fk tlo ljs-pftai sottfkhs aro tlo sproad jc euitf-druh rosfstakt (EDR) bamtorfa oftlor as fkcomtfjks jr sproad fk tlo ljspftai okvfrjkeokt P1U.Kjsjmjefai fkcomtfjk fs usod tj rocor tj fkcomtfjks arfso durfkh jr cjiijwfkh ljspftai stay jr actor 4< l jc adefssfjk. Kjsjmjefai fkcomtfjk mjkstftutos ak fepjrtakt mauso jc doatl, as woii as fkmroasfkh tlo iokhtl jc ljspftai stay akd eodfmai mjsts P2U. Efmrjbfai fkcomtfjks piay vftai rjios fk dotorefkfkh tlo jutmjeo as woii as tlo mjst akd duratfjk jc tlo ljspftai stay cjr patfokts adefttod tj fktoksfvo maro ukfts (FM_). Tlorocjro, rohuiar survofiiakmo jc fepjrtakt patljhoks akd tlofr rosfstakmo pattork fs eakdatjry P=-4U. ^atfokts at FM_s aro at rfs` jc amqufrfkh kjsjmjefai fkcomtfjks wlfml mjktrfbuto tj lfhlor ratos jc ejrbfdfty akd ejrtaifty. Apprjxf-eatoiy 2?% jc aii ljspftai fkcomtfjks akd 6>% jc jutbroa`s jmmur fk FM_s, tlo lfhlost fkmfdokmo jc EDR fkcomtfjk fk FM_s fs duo tj tlo fkmroasod uso jc eodfmai fkstrueokts suml as eomlakfmai voktf-iatjrs, ejkftjrfkh dovfmos, bijjd akd urfko matlo-tors. Fts lfhl rosfstakmo fs arhuod tj tlo jvor uso jc brjad-spomtrue aktfbamtorfai ahokts usod cjr FM_ patfokts P=U. Tlorocjro, Loaitlmaro assjmfatod Fkcom-tfjks (LAFs) aro ak fepjrtakt loaitl maro prjbioe fk tores jc ejrbfdftfos, ejrtaiftfos akd omjkjefm mjksoquokmos wjrid-wfdo P4, ?, 3U.Euitf-rosfstakt Hrae-kohatfvo rjds aro fepjrtakt patljhoks fk FM_s, mausfkh a lfhl rato jc ejrtai-fty P8U. ^atfokts fk FM_s lavo a ? tj8-cjid lfhlor rfs` jc kjsjmjefai fkcomtfjk mjeparod wftl jtlor patfokts. Tlfs fs a mjksoquokmo jc tlo fepafrod do-cokso eomlakfse, appifmatfjk jc fkvasfvo eotljds akd ejkftjrfkh dovfmos, oxpjsuro tj brjad-spom-true aktfbfjtfms, akd tlo mjijkfzatfjk jc rosfstakt efmrjjrhakfses P<U. FM_s wloro mrftfmaiiy fii patfokts adefttod aro aiways mjksfdorod as lfhl rfs` aroas, bomauso fkcomtfjks wftl EDR jrhakfses mak bo oasfiy dovoijpod. Fk-comtfjks mausod by EDR bamtorfa mjkstftuto a so-rfjus prjbioe cjr fktoksfvo maro patfokts aii jvor
@. pkouejkfao.
Tlo croquokmy jc O]BIs fk aii fsjiatos was 44.2=%, tlo croquokmy jc EbIs was 2=%0 wlfio tlo croquokmy jc fsjiatos jc bjtl O]BIs akd EbIs was 2=.1%. Tlo data sljwod tlat tlo EBI pjsftfvo fsjiatos fk tlo eagjr Bokhlazf ljspftais woro cjukd fk Oi Hjeljrfa ljspftai (4=.?%), cjiijwod by BEM (21.8%) akd Oi Gaia & 8
tl
 jc Jmtjbor ljspftais (18.4%).
^. aoruhfkjsa
 was tlo ejst cro-quokt (4>%) fk Oi Gaia, BEM (=>%), Oi Hjeljrfa (2>%) akd 8
tl
 jc Jmtjbor ljspftais (1>%).
@. pkouejkfao
 ammjuktod cjr 33.8% fk Oi Hjeljrfa akd ==.=% fk 8
tl
 jc Jmtjbor ljspftais.
 A. baueakkff
was ejro croquokt fk Oi Hjeljrfa (3>%) cjiijwod by BEM akd 8
tl
 jc Jmtjbor (2>%).
 
 GJ_RKAI JC BFJEODFMAI ]MFOKMO]
2>14
Sji. 1 Kj. 17=djf7 1>.2<2=/1>22
© Mjpyrfhlt fEod^ub
=
tlo wjrid, wlfml rosuit fk fkmroasfkh tlo ejrtai-fty rato P3U. Dotorefkfkh tlo jptfeai tlorapy cjr FM_ patfokts roqufros tlo avafiabfifty jc data jk tlo provaiokmo akd susmoptfbfifty pattorks jc bamtorfai fsjiatos P6-1>U. A mjksfdorabio kuebor jc mrftfmaiiy fii patfokts, fk partfmuiar tljso stayfkh fk FM_s, am-qufro dfccorokt fkcomtfjks cjiijwfkh ljspftaifzatfjk P11U. Eaky camtjrs accomt tlo rfs` jc kjsjmjefai fkcomtfjks, fkmiudfkh ukdoriyfkh dfsoaso, sovorfty jc fiikoss, iokhtl jc FM_ stay, akd usaho jc fkvasfvo dovfmos akd prjmoduros. Tlo croquokt uso jc brjad-spomtrue aktfbfjtfms rosuits fk mjijkfzatfjk wftl ro-sfstakt Hrae-kohatfvo bamtorfa akd mjksoquoktiy sorfjus fkcomtfjks P11U. Duo tj tlo prjbioe jc tlo traksefssfjk jc lfhliy rosfstakt strafks jc Hrae-kohatfvo bamfiif (HKB) fk ljspftais, akd fkadoquato fsjiatfjk jc fkcomtod patfokts wftl fkcomtfjus dfs-oasos akd rosfstakt efmrj-jrhakfses, tlorapy prjb-ioes jmmurrod fk eaky parts jc tlo wjrid, partfmu-iariy fk dovoijpfkh mjuktrfos P?, 12, 1=U.Aktfbfjtfm rosfstakmo fs a eagjr wjridwfdo prjbioe fk FM_s fk Fkdjkosfa. Tlo oxmossfvo, akd ukmjktrjiiod uso jc aktfefmrjbfai druhs fs strjkhiy roiatod tj tlo wfdosproad jc aktfbfjtfm rosfstakt bamtorfa, partfmu-iariy fk FM_s. Eaky survofiiakmo occjrts lavo drawk attoktfjk tj tlfs plokjeokjk P14U. Aktfbfjtfm uso fs tlo eafk drfvfkh cjrmo cjr tlo dovoijpeokt akd so-iomtfjk jc druh-rosfstakt bamtorfa0 as a mjksoquokmo, a porcomt stjre las book mroatod wftl rohard tj tloso fkcomtfjks7 fkmroasfkh druh rosfstakmo fk tlo absokmo jc kow druh dovoijpeokt P1, 12U.A rakho jc Hrae-kohatfvo jrhakfses aro rospjksfbio cjr ljspftai-amqufrod fkcomtfjks, tlo Oktorjbamto-rfamoao caefiy bofkh tlo ejst mjeejkiy fdoktffiod hrjup jvoraii. _kcjrtukatoiy, euitfdruh-rosfstakt jrhakfses, fkmiudfkh ^soudjejkas aoruhfkjsa, Amfkotjbamtor baueakkff, akd oxtokdod-spomtrue
β
-iamtaeaso (O]bI) prjdumfkh jr marbapokoeaso-prjdumfkh Oktorjbamtorfamoao, aro bofkh fkmroas-fkhiy ropjrtod wjridwfdo. Hrae-kohatfvo jrhak-fses prodjefkato as mausatfvo ahokts jc ljspftai-amqufrod pkouejkfa, partfmuiariy
^. aoruhfkjsa,
 
 A. baueakkff,
 akd tlo Oktorjbamtorfamoao. ]ovorai lfhliy rosfstakt Hrae-kohatfvo patljhoks kaeoiy Amfkotjbamtor spomfos, EDR
^. aoruhfkjsa
, akd marbapokoe-rosfstakt @iobsfoiia spomfos akd
Osml-orfmlfa mjif 
 aro oeorhfkh as sfhkffimakt patljhoks fk bjtl tlo _kftod ]tatos akd jtlor parts jc tlo wjrid P1, 1?, 13U.Ejst studfos dofiko euitfdruh rosfstakmo as ro-sfstakmo tj ejro tlak twj miassos jc aktfbfjtfms P14U. FM_ fs mjksfdorod jko jc pjtoktfai sjurmos jc ljspftai-amqufrod fkcomtfjks, ovok fk ljspftais wloro oxtoksfvo fkcomtfjk provoktfjk akd mjktrji eoasuros aro rjutfkoiy fepioeoktod. ^attakaya`a akd mj-autljrs ropjrtod tlat crje a study mjk-dumtod jk 123? FM_ patfokts crje 8? mjuktrfos fk 2>>8, ft was cjukd tlat ijkhor FM_ stay fs mjrro-iatod wftl lfhlor fkmfdokmo jc fkcomtfjk rato. Ejst FM_ patfokts tlat amqufrod fkcomtfjks aro assjmfatod wftl tlo uso jc fkvasfvo dovfmos suml as matlotors akd eomlakfmai voktfiatjrs P18, 1<U.Hijbaiiy, patfokts fk tlo FM_ lavo okmjuktorod ak fkmroasfkh oeorhokmo akd sproad jc aktfbfjtfm-ro-sfstakt patljhoks. Tlo wjridwfdo fkmfdokmo rato fs 2=.8 fkcomtfjks por 1>>> patfokt days. Ratos jc kjsjmjefai fkcomtfjks rakho crje ?% tj =>% aejkh FM_ patfokts. Aitljuhl FM_s hokoraiiy mje-prfso 9 ?% jc aii ljspftai bods, tloy ammjukt cjr 2>% tj 2?% jc aii kjsjmjefai fkcomtfjks FM_s am-mjeejdato tlo ejst sorfjusiy fii patfokts fk a roia-tfvoiy mjkfikod okvfrjkeokt. Tlorocjro, tlo lfhl-ost ratos jc kjsjmjefai fkcomtfjks aro jbsorvod fk FM_s, wlfml aro aisj tlo ukfts fk wlfml tlo ejst sovoroiy fii patfokts aro troatod akd fk wlfml tlo lfhlost ejrtaifty ratos aro jbsorvod P11, 13, 16U.Bamtorfa rosfst aktfefmrjbfai ahokts tlrjuhl oftlor fklorokt rosfstakmo jr rosfstakmo amqufrod tlrjuhl hoko eutatfjk jr trakscor jc hokotfm eatorfai P4U.

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