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53
thi & p n vo Chuyn Ton v thi HSG cp Tnh (Thnh Ph)
-Bt c s sao chp trn cc din n phi xin php v c s cho php ca Ban
Qun Tr Din n Mathnfriend.org mi c php upload ln cc din n khc
cng nh trn cc trang web khc.
-Bt c s sao chp ca c nhn no phi xin php tc gi v c s cho php ca
tc gi, th hin s tn trng quyn tc gi.
Li Ni u
Cho ti nay, mt cun ti liu st thc cho cc em n thi vo Chuyn Ton vn
cha c ban hnh, ng thi cng cha c mt sch ton h thng v y v ni
dung, phong ph v t liu, a dng v th loi v phng php gii, dnh cho cc em
luyn thi vo Chuyn Ton cng nh cho gio vin bi dng hc sinh gii.
p ng nhu cu cp bch ni trn cng nh theo yu cu ca ng o gio vin
v hc sinh, chng ti bin son cun "T Liu n Thi Vo Chuyn Ton" nhm
cung cp thm mt ti liu phc v cho vic dy v hc. Cun sch ln u ra mt bn
c vo nm 2002, khi tc gi cn ang hc lp 11-THPT Chuyn Hng Vng-Ph
Th. K t cho ti nay, cun sch vn cn mang tnh thi s ca n. Trong ln ra mt
ny, cun sch c chnh sa v b sung, c t nhiu khc bit so vi bn ra mt nm
2002.
Cun sch gm 53 Thi, trong gm: 50 Thi vo cc trng Chuyn
Hng Vng-Ph Th, Khi Ph Thng Chuyn Ton Tin-HSP HN ( trong sch ny,
tc gi vit tt l S Phm I ), Khi Ph Thng Chuyn Ton Tin-HKHTN-HQG HN
( trong sch ny, tc gi vit tt l Tng Hp ) v 2 Thi HSG cp tnh-Ph Th, 1
Thi HSG cp Thnh Ph-H Ni.
Nhng bi ton trong cc Thi ny rt a dng v phong ph, i hi hc sinh
phi c kin thc c bn tt, pht huy kh nng sng to cng nh t duy cho hc sinh v
quan trng nht l gy lng say m hc ton cho hc sinh. Qua cn gip cc em hc
sinh lm quen dn vi cc dng Thi vo Chuyn Ton ca 3 trng: Chuyn Hng
Vng-Ph Th, KPTCTT-HSPHN, KPTCTT-HKHTN-HQGHN. Mi thi u
c li gii, chi tit hoc vn tt ty theo mc kh d.
Hi vng cun sch s p ng c yu cu ca bn c. Chng ti xin trn trng
cm n C gio Trn Th Kim Din-GV THPT Chuyn Hng Vng-Ph Th c
bn tho v cho nhiu kin xc ng.
c bit, tc gi xin by t lng bit n i vi C gio Nguyn Th Bch Hng,
gio vin Ton ca Trng THCS Giy-Phong Chu, Ph Ninh-Ph Th ( trc kia tn
trng l THCS Phong Chu-Ph Ninh, Ph Th) . C gio Nguyn Th Bch Hng
du dt ti khi ti cn l mt hc sinh yu km, trang b cho ti nn tng kin thc v
Ton rt quan trng. Cun sch ny, tc gi vit dnh tng C gio Nguyn Th Bch
Hng.
Cc bi ging ca C gio Nguyn Th Bch Hng l tin cho ti vit nn cun
sch ny. Tt c li gii cc bi ton trong cun sch c vit da trn cc phng php
m C gio Nguyn Th Bch Hng dy cho chng ti sut 4 nm cp II.
Mi kin ng gp cho cun sch, cc bn gi v:
GV Nguyn Th Bch Hng- Trng THCS Giy-Phong Chu, Ph Ninh-Ph Th.
Tc gi:
Phm Minh Hong-Cu hc sinh THCS Giy-Phong Chu, Ph Ninh-Ph Th
( Kha 1996-2000)
(Cu hc sinh Chuyn Ton-THPT Chuyn Hng Vng-Ph Th)
Hin ang l Sinh Vin Khoa in T Vin Thng-i Hc Bch Khoa HN.
Mt s thnh tch:
-Nm lp 9,10,12:
t gii nht mn ton cp Tnh.
-Nm lp 11:
t gii nh mn ton cp tnh dnh cho hc
sinh lp 12- Thi vt cp ton QG v t gii
khuyn khch.
-t gii ba cuc thi gii ton trn Tp ch ton hc
v tui tr nm hc 1999-2000.
Mathnfriend.org
b).Cho x =
P = x5 x 7 + 1
2000
2 x + (m + 2) y 4 = 0
(1)
(2)
Cu 3:
2000
+ ( x 2)
2000
x2 + y 2
.
x y
=1.
Hng dn gii :
Cu 1:
a).C: P = n3 n = n. n 2 1 = ( n 1) .n. ( n + 1) .
V n, n + 1 l hai s nguyn lin tip nn P # 2.
- Nu n # 3 P # 3.
- Nu n chia cho 3 d 1 th (n-1) # 3 P # 3.
- Nu n chia cho 3 d 2 th (n+1) # 3 P # 3.
Vy P # 3 m ( 2,3) = 1 P # 6.
b).C : x =
6 + 2 5 + 6 2 5 : 20 =
5 + 1 + 5 1 : 20 = 1.
T : P = (1 1 + 1)
2000
= 1.
Cu 2:
(1)
(m + 1).x + (3m + 1). y + m 2 = 0
Theo bi ra ta c:
(2)
2 x + (m + 2) y 4 = 0
2(m + 1) x + 2(3m + 1) y + 2m 4 = 0
(3)
(4)
(5) .
x = 10 5 10 15 , y = 10 5 10 15
x = 10 5 + 10 15 , y = 10 5 + 10 15
b).C: (x 1)
2000
+ (x 2)
2000
= x 1
2000
+ x2
2000
2000
+ x2
2000
>1.
2000
+ x2
2000
>1.
2000
+ x2
2000
< ( x 1) + (2 x) = 1.
+ +
= (pcm).
ha hb hc r
b).
Xt tam gic ABC c: AB = c, BC = a, AC = b. T A dngngthng d // BC.
Ly B ' i xng vi B qua d. Ta nhn thy BB ' = 2.ha .
Ta c:
2
(1).
BB '2 + BC 2 = B ' C 2 ( B ' A + AC ) . Suy ra: 4.ha2 (c + b) 2 a 2
Hon ton tng t ta c: 4.hb2 (c + a) 2 b 2
(2).
4.hc2 (a + b) 2 c 2
(3).
*Nhn xt: Ngoi cch gii trn chng ta cn c th gii bi ton theo phng php i
s nh sau:
a+b+c
t p =
.Theo cng thc HRng ta c:
2
4 S 2 = ha2 .a 2 = 4 p.( p a).( p b).( p c)
pb+ pc 2
4 p( p a)(
)
4 p ( p a )( p b)( p c)
2
2
ha2 p( p a ).
ha =
2
2
a
a
2
Tng t: hb p ( p b).
hc2 p ( p c).
Suy ra:
2
p.( p a) + p.( p b) + p.( p c) ha2 + hb2 + hc2 (a + b + c ) 4(ha2 + hb2 + hc2 ) .
Vng 2:
Cu 1: CMR:
a2
b2
a 2 .b 2
.
a).Rt gn P.
b).Tm cc cp s nguyn (a, b ) P = 5 .
Cu 3: Gi s phng trnh ax 2 + bx + c = 0 c hai nghim thuc on [0;1] . Xc nh
(a b)(2a c)
.
a, b, c biu thc P c gi tr nh nht,ln nht. Trong : P =
a(a b + c)
Cu 4:
a).Cho ng trn tm O c hai ng knh AB v CD vung gc vi nhau. Trn
on CD ly im M v trn on OD ly im N sao cho MN bng bn knh R
ca ng trn. ng thng AN ct ng trn ti im P khc A.Hi tam gic
AMP c vung M khng?
a).
Nhn xt: Nu a l s nguyn l th a2 chia cho 4 d 1.Tht vy:
t a = 2k + 1 th th: a 2 = ( 2k + 1) = 4k 2 + 4k + 1 = 4m + 1 (trong k,m ).
2
2
M a 2000
1(mod 4) (2) .T (1) v (2) suy ra iu phi chng minh.
4i)
1 + b = 4
b = 3
1 + b = 4
b = 5
a 1 = 2
a = 3
a 1 = 2
a = 1
(loi)
2i)
(lai)
5i)
1 + b = 2
b = 1
1 + b = 2
b = 3
a 1 = 4
a = 5
a = 3
a 1 = 4
3i)
6i)
1 + b = 1
b = 0
b = 2
1 + b = 1
Ta c cc cp (a, b ) cn tm: ( 2;3) , ( 5;0 ) , ( 0; 5 ) , ( 3; 2 ) .
Cu 3:
b
c
(1 )(2 )
(a b)(2a c)
a
a .
C: P =
=
b c
a (a b + c)
1 +
a a
b
x1 + x 2 = a
p dng nh l Vi-et ta c:
x .x = c
1 2 a
Vy P = 2 A . ( x1 , x 2 l nghim ca phng trnh cho: x1 , x 2 [0;1] ).
x .x (3 + x1 + x2 )
Vi A = 1 2
1 + x1 + x2 + x1.x2
c = 0
Li c:
A=
3x1 x2 + x1 x2 .( x1 + x2 )
( x1 + 1).( x2 + 1)
(x + x )
3. 1 2
4
(x + x )
+ 1 2
4
( x1 + 1).( x2 + 1)
.( x1 + x2 )
(x + x )
3
. ( x1 + x2 ) . ( x1 + x2 ) + 1 2 . ( x1 + x2 ) . ( x + x )
4
= 4
( x1 + 1).( x2 + 1)
3
1+1
.( x1 + 1).( x2 + 1) +
.( x1 + 1).( x2 + 1)
5
4
4
=
( x + 1).( x + 1)
4
b 2 = 4ac
ng thc xy ra x1 = x 2 = 1
b = 2 a
5 3
Suy ra: P = 2 A 2 = . Du = xy ra
4 4
b 2 = 4ac
b = 2 a
Pmax = 2
Vy:
3
Pmin = 4
Cu 4:
a).
- Nu M C th N O .Do AMP vung M.
- Nu M O th N D .Do AMP vung M.
- Nu M nm gia C v O th N nm gia O v D.Ta chng minh trong trng hp ny
AMP khng vung .Tht vy,nu AMP vung M th khi ta h MH AP ti H.
C:
n = DMH
n MHN PBC (g-g)
BAP
MH MN 1
AP
=
= MN =
(1).
AP
AB 2
2
H OI AP ti I th IA=IP.
AP
Trong AMP vung c: MI =
.
2
AP
Vy MH = MI =
H I M O (v l).
2
b).
+V s im trong ng trn l hu hn nn s cc ng thng qua hai trong s cc
im cho l hu hn.Do s giao im ca cc ng thng vi ng trn l hu
hn.V vy tn ti A thuc ng trn nhng khng nm trn bt c ng thng no
trong s ang xt.
Vng 1:
x3
3x 2
+
2 = 0.
( x 1) 3 x 1
x + y + z = 0
Cu 2: Cho x,y,z R v tha mn:
1 x , y , z 1
Cu 1: Gii phng trnh: x 3 +
CMR: x 2 + y 4 + z 6 2 .
Cu 3: Tm tt c cc s nguyn t c dng: p = n n + 1 . Trong n N*,bit p c khng
nhiu hn 19 ch s.
Cu 4: Gi s P l mt im bt k nm trong mt phng ca mt tam gic u ABC cho
khng ph thuc vo v tr ca P.
3.Tm qu tch cc im P nm trong tam gic ABC sao cho tam gic A ' B ' C ' vung
A ' , hy ch r cch dng qu tch ny.
Hng dn gii:
Cu 1: iu kin: x 1, x R. Ta c:
x3
3x 2
x +
+
2=0
( x 1) 3 x 1
3
x 2
x2
x2
x +
+
x
x 1
x 1 ( x 1) 2
3x 2
+
2 = 0.
x 1
3x 2
x
x
1 x +
x +
+
2 = 0 .
x 1
x 1
x 1
x
x
x
x+
+ 3 x +
1 x
2 = 0.
x 1
x 1
x 1
x
x
x
x +
2 = 0.
3 x +
+ 3 x +
x 1
x 1
x 1
x +
1 = 1 .
x 1
x
x+
= 2 x 2 2x + 2 = 0
x 1
( x 1) + 1 = 0 (v nghim)
2
Vy h cho v nghim.
Cu 2:
ng thc xy ra khi z = 0, x = 1, y = 1.
Cc trng hp cn li hon ton tng t.
Cu 3: Th vi n = 1 (tha mn).
Vi n > 1 ta c:
+) Nu n l th n n + 1 # ( n + 1) v n n + 1 > ( n + 1) .
+) Nu n = 2 .t vi > 0, t l. Khi : n n = n 2 .t n n + 1# n 2 + 1 .
+) Nu n = 2 .C: 1616 + 1 = ( 210 ) .16 + 1 > (103 ) .10 = 1019 n < 16.
6
Vng 2:
Cu 1: CMR: 2 3 4... 2000 < 3 .
(
(
(
)
)
)
x 3 y 2 + 3 y + 3 = 3 y 2
Cu 2: Gii h: y 3 z 2 + 3z + 3 = 3 z 2
z 3 x 2 + 3x + 3 = 3x 2
Cu 2:
(
(
(
)
)
)
x 3 y 2 + 3 y + 3 = 3 y 2 0
Theo bi ra ta c: y 3 z 2 + 3 z + 3 = 3 z 2 0
3 2 +3 +3 =3 2 0
x
x
z x
3t 2
Xt hm s: f (t ) = 3
trn [0;+ ) .Ly t1 < t 2 [0;+ ) .Xt:
t + 3t + 3
3(t 2 t 22 ) + 3t1t 2 (t1 t 2 )
< 0. Vy f (t ) ng bin trn [0;+ ) .
f (t1 ) f (t 2 ) = 3 2 1
(t1 + 3t1 + 3)(t 22 + 3t 2 + 3)
3x 2
3
x 3 ( x + 1) 4 = 0
T suy ra c x = y = z .Khi : x = 2
x + 3x + 3
3
10
x = 0
3
x = 4 1
x1 = y1 = z1 = 0
Vy h cho c nghim l:
3
x2 = y 2 = z 2 = 4 1
Cu 3: Gi ba s cn tm l a, b, c .Ta gi s 1 < c b a .
Ta c:
ab + 1# c
BC
.
2
2
' '
S
YZ Y Z 1
2. C XYZ =
= .
S ABC Bc BC
4
ng thc xy ra khi XB = XC , YA = YC & ZA = ZB.
11
Vng 1:
a + b + c = 0
Cu 1: Cc s a,b,c tha mn: 2
2
2
a + b + c = 14
Tnh P = 1 + a 4 + b 4 + c 4 .
Cu 2:
x + y + x + y = 2
2.Gii h:
xy + 1 = 5
xy 2
1
1
P = x 2 + 2 y 2 + 2 .
y
x
Hng dn gii:
a 2 b 2 + c 2 a 2 + b 2 c 2 = 49
a + b + c = 0
ab + bc + ca = 7
Cu 1: C: 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
a + b 2 + c 2 = 14
a + b + c = 14
a + b + c = 14
a + b + c = 0
4
Vy P=99.
4
4
a + b + c = 98
Cu 2:
12
2.iu kin: xy 0 .
xy =
1 5
T gi thit: xy +
= ( 2 xy 1) . ( xy 2 ) = 0
2
xy 2
=
2
xy
2
1 1 3 3y 9
+ Nu xy = 2 x = x + y + + = +
= .
y
x y y 2 2
y = 1 x = 2
y2 3y + 2 = 0
y = 2 x = 1
1
y =1 x =
1
1
1 1 9
2
x + y + + = 2 y2 3 y +1 = 0
+ Nu xy = x =
2
2y
x y 2
y = 1 x = 1
2
1 1
Vy nghim ( x; y ) ca h l: ( 2;1) , (1; 2 ) , 1; , ;1 .
2 2
Cu 3: C: n 2 + 9n 2# n + 11 . M n 2 + 11n # n + 11
( 2n + 2 )# ( n + 11) . M ( 2n + 22 )# ( n + 11) .
Cu4:
n
n
' '
' '
n= E
1. D thy: E
F M ' .Vy t gic M ' N ' E ' F ' ni tip.
N M ' = ENM
2. Vng trn ngoi tip t gic M ' E ' N ' F ' chnh l ng trn ngoi tip
M ' N ' F ' .Gi s n c bn knh l R ' .
Do M ' N ' F ' MNF ( g g ) .
Suy ra:
R' M ' N ' 1
=
= .
R
MN
2
R
R ' = (pcm).
2
3. H OT MN; OQ EF.
C:
13
1
1
1
1
S MENF = MN .EF = MT .EQ =
R 2 OQ 2 )( R 2 OT 2 )
(
4
8
2
2
1
1
( R 2 OQ 2 + R 2 OT 2 ) = ( 2 R 2 OI 2 ) .
4
4
n = 450 .
ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi OQ = OT OIF
SM 'E'N 'F ' =
Cu 5:
Cch 1:
2
2 1 2 1
1
x+ y 1
x + 2 y + 2 = xy + .D thy 0 < xy
= .
4
xy
y
x
2
Xt hm s: f (t ) = t +
1
1
1
trn 0; .Ly t1 < t2 0; .
t
4
4
1
Xt : f (t1 ) - f (t1 ) = (t1 t 2 )1
t1t 2
1
1
.V t1 , t2 0; 1 <
.
t1 t 2
4
1
T d dng nhn ra: f (t1 ) f ( t2 ) > 0 .Vy f (t ) nghch bin trn 0; .
4
17
1
1
1
f (t ) vi t 0; .
Do m: f f (t ) vi t 0; .Hay
4
4
4
4
2
17
1
289
1
xy +
xy + = P.
xy
xy
4
16
ng thc xy ra khi x = y =
Pmin =
1
.
2
289
.
16
Cch 2:
C : P = 2 + x 2 y 2 +
M: x 2 y 2 +
1
(1) .
x y2
2
1
x2 y 2
1
2
=
(2) .
2 2
2 2
256 x y
256 x y
8
14
1
255
x 2 y 2 nn:
16
256 x 2 y 2
255
255
(3).
=
1
16
256.
16
1
2 2
x y = 256 x 2 y 2
289
1
1
x + y = 1
15
Vng 2:
Cu 1:
x+7
+ 8 = 2x 2 + 2x 1 .
x +1
3k 2 + 3k + 1
(k
i =9
vi k 1 .Hy tnh P = 1 + ai .
i =1
+ k)
Cu 3: CMR: Tn ti mt s chia ht cho 1999 v tng cc ch s ca s bng 1999.
2 x 1 0
x + 7
1
Cu 1: iu kin:
0 x .
2
x +1
x 1
-Vi
1
6
x+7
x < 2 th:
+ 8 = 1+
+8 >8+ 5.
2
x +1
x +1
M: 2 x 2 + 2 x 1 < 8 + 5 2 x 2 + 2 x 1
x+7
+8.
x +1
x+7
6
+ 8 = 1+
+ 8 < 8 + 5 .V khi : 2 x 2 + 2 x 1 > 8 + 5 .
x +1
x +1
2x 2 + 2x 1
x+7
+8.
x +1
16
Cu 3:
C 3998 = 2.1999
Ta thy rng s:A = 19991999...1999 39983998...3998 lun chia ht cho 1999 (s A c x
s 1999, y s 3998).
Tng cc ch s ca A l: (1 + 9 + 9 + 9 ) .x + ( 3 + 9 + 9 + 8 ) . y = 28 x + 29 y.
Ta cn tm hai s nguyn dng x,y : 28 x + 29 y = 1999. Khi c:
11 y
1999 29 y
11 y
y = 11 x = 60.
= 71 y +
.V x nn
28
28
28
Ta c s A = 19991999...1999 39983998...3998 tha mn bi ra (s A c 60 s 1999,11
s 3998).
x=
Cu 4:
18
Vng 1:
Cu 1: Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau vi a,b,c l cc s nguyn khng m:
1+ a 1+ b 1+ c
3
+
+
3+ a +b + c .
1+ b 1+ c 1+ a
Cu 2: Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc: B = 3a + 4 1 a 2 vi cc gi tr ca a [ 1;1] .
Cu 3: CMR: Trong 7 s t nhin bt k ta lun chn c 4 s sao cho tng ca chng
chia ht cho 4.
n = CAN
n .CMR:
Cu 4: Cho tam gic ABC.Trn cnh BC ly hai im M,N sao cho: BAM
2
BM CM AM
.
=
a).
.
CN BN AN
BM
b).
CN
BM
c).
CN
BN AB
.
=
.
CM AC
CM
AM
+
2
.
BN
AN
Hng dn gii:
Cu 1:
Theo BT C-si ta c:
1+ a
1+ b
1+ c
33
1+ a 1+ b 1+ c
.
.
= 33 1 = 3 .
1+ b 1+ c 1+ a
1+ b 1+ c 1+ a
ng thc xy ra khi a=b=c.
1+ a
1 + a 1 + a (v a,b l s nguyn khng m).(1)
Li c:
1+ b
1+ b
1 + b 1 + b (2)
Tng t:
1+ c
1+ c
1+ a
1 + c 1 + c (3)
1+ a
1+ b
1+ b 1+ c
ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi a = b = c = 0 .
1+ c
1+ a
3+ a +b + c .
19
B 2 = 3a + 4 1 a 2
M vi a =
( a 2 + 1 a 2 ) ( 9 + 16 ) B 5 .
3
[ 1;1] th B = 5 .Vy Bmax = 5 .
5
Cu 3: Xt 7 s t nhin bt k : a1 , a2 ,..., a7 .
a3 + a 4 = 2k 2 (k1,k2,k3 )
a + a = 2 k
6
3
5
- Trong ba s k1 , k2 , k3 gi s k1 + k2 # 2 k1 + k2 = 2m ( m )
1
p dng cng thc tnh din tch tam gic: S = .ab.SinC .
2
a).C:
n ). AM . AC.sin( MAC
n ) AM 2
BM CM S ABM .S ACM AB. AM .sin( BAM
.
.
=
=
=
n ). AB. AN .sin( BAN
n)
CN BN
S ACN .S ABN
AN 2
AC. AN .sin( NAC
b).C:
BM BN BM BN S ABM .S ABN
=
=
.
.
CN CM MC NC S AMC .S ANC
=
( )
( ) = AB
n . AN . AC.sin NAC
AM . AC.sin ( MAC
)
( n ) AC
n . AB. AN .sin BAN
n
AB. AM .sin BAM
20
Vng 2:
a
trong a, b l cc tham s khc 0,th cc nghim phn
b
ax 2 + 2ax + 10b = 0 (1)
bit ca c hai phng trnh sau c t nht l 3 nghim: 2
x 2bx 5ab = 0 (2)
Cu 1: Vi gi tr no ca
1
.
16
Cu 3: Cho t gic ABCD ni tip ng trn.K hiu AB = a, AD = b, CD = c, BC = d .
ab + cd AC
=
.
CMR:
ad + bc BD
( x1 x2 ) . ( x2 x3 ) . ( x3 x4 ) . ( x4 x5 ) . ( x5 x6 ) . ( x6 x1 )
Hng dn gii:
f ( x) = (1)
Cu 1: t 1
f 2 ( x) = (2)
2 phng trnh trn c cc nghim phn bit t nht l 3,ta xt cc trng hp:
= 0
+) 1
a = 10b .Khi (1) c nghim kp x1,2 = 1 .
2 > 0
1 51
.
50
> 0
+) 1
b = 5a . Khi (2) c nghim kp x1,2 = b.
2 = 0
1 51
.
5
b
5
Ta gi s cc nghim ca (1) cng l nghim ca (2).Khi c(theo Vi-et):
> 0
+) 1
2 > 0
21
2 = 2b = ( x1 + x 2 = x3 + x 4 )
b = 1
(v l)
10b
2
10 = 5a
a = 5ab = ( x1 .x 2 = x3 .x 4 )
Nh vy c th thy iu ta gi thit trn khng th xy ra.Tc l trong trng hp ny
(1) & (2) lun c t nht 3 nghim phn bit.
a
1 51
= 10, b
50
b
a
1
1 51
= ,a
5
5
Tm li,ta phi c: b
a
b > 10
0 > a > 1
5
b
Cu 2:
22
1
y + y4 + y5 + y6
2
1. = .
y1. y2 ... y6 = y1. y2 y3 . y4 . y5 . y6 1. 3
4
4 16
y + y2 + y3 + y4
C: y1. y2 ... y6 = y1 . y2 . y3 . y4 . y5 . y6 1
. y5 . y6 =
4
1
y + y 2 + y3 + y 4
2
= 1
. y 5 . y 6 .1.1 = .
4
16
4
Tr li bi ton ta c:
( x1 x2 ) , ( x2 x3 ) , ( x3 x4 ) , ( x4 x5 ) , ( x5 x6 ) [ 1;1] v:
( x1 x2 ) + ( x2 x3 ) < 0; ( x3 x4 ) + ( x4 x5 ) + ( x5 x6 ) + ( x6 x1 ) = 0.
p dng b ,ta c ngay pcm. Vy bi ton c chng minh xong.
1
1
ng thc xy ra khi x1 = 1, x2 = 0, x3 = , x4 = 1, x5 = 0, x6 = .
2
2
Cu 3:
Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD.C:
OA OD b bc ba
.
AOD BOC nn :
=
= =
=
OB OC d dc da
OA OB a ad ab
AOB DOC nn:
=
= =
=
.
OD OC c cd cb
cd + ab OC + OA AC
=
ad = OB
OB
T suy ra c:
cd + ab = OA + OC = AC
bc
OD
OD
bc + ad BD
=
pcm.
cd + ab AC
23
Vng 1:
Cu 1:
1
2 1000
.
1.Tnh A vi A =
1000 1000 1000
1 +
. 1 +
... 1 +
1
2 1999
2x
2y
2z
1
1
1
+ 6
+ 6
4 + 4 + 4.
4
4
4
x +y
y +z
z +x
x
y
z
6
1. A = 1 .
2.C: a = 10222 1 n = a 2 + 1 = 10444 2.10222 + 2 = 99...9
N 8 00..0
N 2.
221 c / s 9
24
221 c / s 0
Ta c:
x( x + 1) + x( x + 2) = x( x 3)
x( x + 1) + x( x + 2) + 2 x ( x + 1)( x + 2) = x( x 3) (1).
+ Nu x 3 : (1) x + 6 + 2 ( x + 1)( x + 2) = 0 (v l).
+ Nu x 2 : (1) x + 6 2 ( x + 1)( x + 2) = 0
( x + 6) 2 = 4( x + 1)( x + 2)
x + 6 0
x=
28
(tha mn).
3
3
x 2
2.iu kin: x 2 + 5 x 14 0
x 7
Xt phng trnh: x 2 ( 3a 2 ) .x + 2a 2 5a 3 = 0 (1) .
C = ( 3a 2 ) 4. ( 2a 2 5a 3) = ( a + 4 ) .
2
T thy:
3a 2 + (a + 4)
= 2a + 1
x1 =
2
(1) c nghim
x = 3a 2 (a + 4) = a 3
2
2
phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht ta xt :
+ (1) c nghim kp x0 -7 v 2.
a = 4
= 0
a 4 (v l)
3a 2
x0 = 2 7;2
a 2
+ (1) c 2 nghim phn bit trong c mt nghim bng 2 (hoc 7) cn nghim kia
khc 2 (hoc 7).Tc l ta phi c:
25
a 3 = 2
2a + 1 = 2
a = 5
a = 5
Vy
a = 3
a = 3
2
2
Cu 3: C:
1
1
1
2x
2y
2z
2x
2y
2z
+ 6
+ 6
3 2 + 3 2 + 3 2 = 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 .
4
4
4
x y
y z
z x
x +y
y +z
z +x
2x y
2y z
2z x
6
M :
1
1
1
1
1
1
+ 4 + 4 ( 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2) =
4
x
y
z
x y
y z
z x
2
2
2
1 1
1 1 1 1 1
= 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 0
2 x
y y
z z
x
T (1) v (2) ta suy ra iu phi chng minh.
ng thc xy ra x = y = z = 1 .
Cu 4:
) (
3;0 ; H 3;0 .
2.
Gi s ng trn ngoi tip AMN ct
AB ti T(T A).
n = NAT
n = BMN
n
C: NMT
BO = OT OT = 1
T c nh.
26
Vy tm ng
trn ngoi tip AMN nm trn ng trung
trc ca [AT ] .
MN 3
3
S AMN = AO.
= .MN .2 OM .ON
2
2
2
S AMN 3 3(vdt )
27
Vng 2:
Cu 1:
x + y + x + y = 4.
2
x 2 + y 2 + 1 + 1 = 2 a 2 + 2 1 + a + 1.
a
x2 y2
a2
Cu 2:
2 x = 2 y.
1.Tm nghim nguyn dng ca h 2 n: y
2 = 2 x.
2.Cho P(x) l a thc bc 3 vi h s ca x3 l s nguyn 0,1 .
Bit P (1999) = 2000 v P (2000) = 2001 .CMR: P (2001) P(1998) l hp s.
4
x
i =1
4
4
i
x
i =1
3
i
(x
5 x + 6 ) x 2 5ax + 6a 2 = 0. ( x 2 )( x 3)
( x 3a )( x 2a ) 0 (1)
( x 2 )( x 3) ( x 3a )( x 2a ) = 0
( 2)
28
( x 3a )( x 2a ) = 0
(2 3a )(2 2a ) 0
2
1
a
a 3
2
Vy:
2
phng trnh c nghim:
3
x = 2a
x = 3a
x = 2
x = 3
3
+Nu a phng trnh cho c nghim:
2
x = 2a
x = 3a
x = 2
x = 3
+Nu a = 1 phng trnh cho c nghim:
x = 2
x = 3
+Nu a
x = 3
2
+Nu < a < 1 th phng trnh cho c nghim: x = 2a
3
x = 3a
x = 3
3
+Nu 1 < a < phng trnh cho c nghim: x = 2a
2
x = 3a
1
1
1
1
+ y + 2 x. + 2 y. = 4 .
x
y
x
y
ng thc xy ra x = y = 1.
Gi s h cho c nghim x0 , y0 > 0 khi :
29
x0 + y0 + x + y = 4 (1)
0
0
2
x 2 + y 2 + 1 + 1 = 2 a 2 + 2 1 + a + 1 (2)
0
0
x0 2 y0 2
a2
a
2 a2 + a
1 a2 +1
1 1
+
= 2 a 2 + a + 2 2 + .C:
2
a
a
a
a
) ( 2 a + a )(1 + 1 ) = 4
2
2 a 2 + a 2 (3)
v:
2
1 1
1
1 2 2
1 1
2 2 + 2 2 + 2 (1 + 1 ) 2 2 + 2 ( 4 )
a
a
a
a
a
a
1 1
Vy: 2 a 2 + a + 2 2 + = 4 (3) v (4) ng thi tr thnh ng thc
a
a
a = 1.
Vi a = 1 h cho tr thnh:
1 1
x
y
+
+
+ = 4.
x y
(I)
x 2 + y 2 + 1 + 1 = 4.
x2 y2
C:
(1 + 1 + 1 + 1 ) . x2 + y 2 + x12 + y12 x + y + 1x + 1y
16 16 .
1 1
x y
y
Vy (I) = = x = x = y = 1 .
1 1 1 1
T suy ra x = y = 1 .
2
Cu 2:
1.Theo bi ra ta c:
2 x = 2 y.
x, y > 0.
y
2 = 2 x.
Gi s x y th th : 2 x 2 y v 2 x 2 y .Li c:
30
2 x = 2 y 2 x = 2 y 2 x x = y.
x = y
H cho tr thnh: x
2 = 2 x
Ta cn gii phng trnh: 2 x = 2 x ( x ).
x 1
C: 2 x = 2 x 2 x 1 = x (1 + 1) = x.
Theo BT Becnuli: (1 + 1)
x 1
1 + 1. ( x 1) = x.
x = 1
x 1 = 0
ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi
x = 2
x 1 = 1
Vy nghim ca h cho :
x = y = 1
x = y = 2
2.Gi h s ca x3 l a (a ,a 0).
t:
P ( x) = m + ( x 1998 ) .b + ( x 1998 ) . ( x 1999 ) .c + ( x 1998 ) . ( x 1999 ) . ( x 2000 ) .a
2000 = P (1999) = m + b
(m + 2b + 2c) (m + b) = 1 b + 2c = 1
v : 2001 = P(2000) = m + 2b + 2c
C: P (2001) P(1998) = 6a + 6c + 3b = 3. ( 2a + 2c + b ) = 3. ( 2a + 1) l hp s .
(v a 0; 1 nn 2a + 1 1 ).
Cu 3:
4
4
4
x 4 + x 24 + x34 + x 44 1
1
.
4
4
31
(ch :
x
i =1
= 1 ).
1
ng thc xy ra x1 = x2 = x3 = x4 = .
4
1
Vy Tmin = .
4
Cu 4: K hiu cc giao im nh hnh v.
CG X G
1
1
C: 1 = 1 X 1 B = GM = BB1 .
GC GM
3
4
1
Tng t: X 2 C = CC1 .
4
1
X 3 A = AA1 .
4
2
S B1SP
B1 M
1
= .
=
C:
S B1C1 A1 B1 X 1
9
S KQA1
S RIC1
1
1
Tng t:
= v
= .
S B1C1 A1 9
S B1C1 A1 9
2
SABC .
3 111
32
Vng 1:
Cu 1: CMR:Vi mi n nguyn dng u c: 5n. ( 5n + 1) 6n. ( 3n + 2n ) # 91 .
Cu 2: Cho x, y l hai s dng thay i tha mn: x. y = 1 .
x
y
+ 2
.
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc: A = 4
2
x +y
x + y4
Cu 3: Gii phng trnh: x + 1 + 2. ( x + 1) = x 1 + 1 x + 3. 1 x 2 .
Cu 4: Xt mt hnh vung v mt hnh tam gic. Nu chng c din tch bng nhau th
hnh no c chu vi ln hn.
Cu 5: Cho ABC c l
A = 450 , BC = a , O l tm ng trn ngoi tip, B' v C' l chn
cc ng cao h t B, C xung cc cnh AC, AB tng ng.Gi O ' l im i
xng ca O qua B ' C ' .
M ( 7,13) = 1 pcm.
Cu 2:
1
x
y
+
=
= 1 . ng thc xy ra x = y = 1.
2
2
xy
2 x y 2 xy
Vy Amax=1.
Cu 3: iu kin: x 1 .
C:
x + 1 + 2( x + 1) = x 1 + 1 x + 3 1 x 2 .
33
)(
x + 1 1 x 2 x + 1 1 x + 1 = 0.
x +1 = 1 x
2 x + 1 = 1 x 1
x = 0
Gii ra ta c nghim l
x = 24
25
Cu 4:
n
n
'
' ' '
C
OB ' = 135o C
O B = 135o.
n
n
' ' '
'
C
OB + C
AB ' =180o.
34
Vng 2:
Cu 1: Vi gi tr no ca tham s a, phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht:
2x a + 1 = x + 3 .
Cu 2: Gii h phng trnh 4 n sau:
(1)
x + y = 3
xz + yt = 4
(2)
2
2
xz + yt = 6 (3)
xz 3 + yt 3 = 10 (4)
2 x a = x + 2, x 3
2 x a = x 4, x < 3
x = a + 2, x 2
x = a 2 , x 2
x = a + 4, x 4
x4
, x 4
x =
3
35
x = a 2
a 4
x = a + 4
a4
x = 3
a 8
a2
a + 2 = 3
a = 4
a 4
a = 8
a 8
a4
a + 4 =
3
a = 4
Vy gi tr cn tm:
a = 8
Cu 2:Theo bi ra:
(1)
x + y = 3
xz + yt = 4 (2)
2
2
xz + yt = 6 (3)
xz 3 + yt 3 = 10 (4)
6( z + t ) 4 zt = 10
zt = 2
T :
+) z = 1, t = 2, x = 2, y = 1.
+) z = 2, t = 1, x = 1, y = 2.
p
5 2 1(mod 3)
2
36
Nn: AB' c di c nh
1
2 + 3 .n 2 + 2 + 3 .n 2
= 2 2 .n 2 +
3+ 2
Cu 5: t
)(
) (
2 3 n2 1 + 2 + 3 n2
1
1
> 2 (2).
n(m + 2 .n) an
2 + 3 .n 2 = an 2
m
m 2 2n 2
1
M:
2 =
(3)
n
n( m + n 2 ) n( m + n 2 )
T (2) v (3)
m
1
2 > 2 . (mu thun vi iu m ta gi thit)
n
an
Vy ta c pcm.
37
Vng 1:
Cu 1: Cho x =
10 + 6 3 .( 3 1)
6+2 5 5
.Tnh P = ( x 3 4 x + 1)
1999
2 yz = y + z + 7
2 xz = z + x + 2
Hng dn gii:
Cu 1: Theo bi ra ta c:
3
x=
) ( )=2 .
( 5 + 1) 5
3
3 +1 . 3 1
2
Suy ra: P = ( 8 8 + 1)
1997
= 1.
Cu 2: iu kin: x 0.
Ta c:
x + 3 + x + 8 = 5 x.
38
2 x + 11 + 2 ( x + 3)( x + 8) = 25 x
4( x + 3)( x + 8) = (23x 11) 2
11
x
23
x = 1.
Vy x = 1 .
Cu 3: Theo bi ra ta c:
2 xy = x + y + 1
2 yz = y + z + 7
2 xz = z + x + 2 (1)
C:
3 xy = ( x + 1) . ( y + 1) 3 xyz = ( xz + z ) . ( y + 1) = ( x + 1) . ( zy + z )
3 yz = ( z + 1) . ( y + 1) + 6 3 xyz = ( xz + x ) . ( y + 1) + 6 x
0 = ( y + 1) . ( z x ) 6 x . M 3 xz = ( z + 1) . ( x + 1) + 1 nn:
3 xyz = ( x + 1) . ( yz + y ) + y 0 = ( x + 1) . ( z y ) y.
3.xy
( x + 1)( y + 1) x + 1
xy
x +1
=
=
=
xyz + xy = xyz + yz 2 x 2
yz 2 z + 1
3. yz 6 ( z + 1)( y + 1) z + 1
xy = yz zx 2 2 xy = 2 yz 2 zx 4 x + y + 1 = y + z + 7 4 x 4
5x 2 = z
Thay vo (1) c:
2 x(5 x 2) = 5 x 2 + x 2 x = 1 z = 3 y = 2 (loi trng hp x = 1 do gi thit).
Vy nghim cn tm l:
x = 1, y = 2, z = 3
x = 0, y = 1, z = 2
Cu 4:
t 2n + 15 = k 2 .
___
___
39
( D dng chng minh c rng s chnh phng chia cho 3 c s d l 0 hoc 1).
2n chia cho 3 d 1 n chn.
+) Nu n = 0 2n = 42 .
+) Nu n 2 th: 2n 0(mod 4) 2n + 15 3(mod 4) k 2 3(mod 4)
(v l-D dng chng minh c rng s chnh phng chia cho 4 c s d l 0 hoc 1).
Vy n = 0 l s cn tm.
Cu 5: H OM , O ' N BC .
1.Ta c:
BM
n = cot g 300 BM = R. 3
= cot gOBM
OM
Tng t: CN = R ' . 3
MN = 1 3 ( R + R ' )
C: R + R ' = OO ' MN hay
R + R ' 1 3 ( R + R ' ) ( R + R ' )(1 + 3 ) 1
R + R'
1
1+ 3
3 1
.
2
S1 + S 2 = R + R
'2
'
= .2 R '2 + R 2
R +R
2
2
3 1
.
4
40
3 1
.
.
2 2
Vng 2:
Cu 1:Gii h:
y 3 + y 2 x + 3x 6 y = 0
2
x + xy = 3
Cu 2: C tn ti hay khng cc s nguyn x, y tha mn: 1992.x1993 + 1993. y1994 = 1995 .
Cu 3: S 1997 c vit di dng tng ca n s hp s vi nhau,nhng khng vit
c di dng tng ca n + 1 s hp s vi nhau. Hi n bng bao nhiu?
Cu 4: Xt ABC ngoi tip ng trn c bn knh r = 1 .Gi ha , hb , hc ln lt l
di cc ng cao h t nh A,B,C ti BC,CA,BA.Hy tnh gi tr ln nht ca M
vi :
1
1
1
M=
+
+
.
ha + 2hb hb + 2hc hc + 2ha
Cu 5: Trn ng trn cho 16 im v dng 3 mu:xanh,,vng t cc im ny
(mi im mt mu).Gia mi im ni bng mt on thng c t mu tm
hoc nu. CMR:Vi mi cch t mu trn cc im(ch dng 3 mu: xanh, ,
vng) v mi cch t trn cc on thng ni gia cc cp im (ch dng hai mu
tm hoc nu) ta u tm c trn hnh v mt tam gic c cc nh l cc im
cho m cc nh c t bng cng mt mu v cc cnh cng c t bng
cng mt mu (d nhin l khc mu t trn nh).
Hng dn gii:
y 3 + y 2 x + 3x 6 y = 0
Cu 1: Theo bi ra ta c:
xy = 3 x 2
3
2
3
2
y + y.(3 x ) + 3 x 6 y = 0
y x y + 3x 3 y = 0
2
2
xy = 3 x
xy = 3 x
( y x)( y 2 + yx 3) = 0
( y x)( y 2 + 3 x 2 3) = 0
2
2
xy = 3 x
xy = 3 x
xy = 3 x 2
2
xy = 3 x
x = y
.
x= y=
y x = 0
2
2
3
=
xy
x
y + x = 0
x = y
41
3
x = y =
2
Vy
3
x = y =
2
p dng kt qu Cu 4.1- 1 ta c:
1
1
1 1
+ +
= = 1.
ha hb hc r
1 1 1
D dng CM c BT sau: ( x + y + z ) . + + 9 vi x,y,z>0.
x y z
1 1 1
1
2
9
p dng ta c: ( ha + hb + hb ) . + + 9 hay: +
(1).
h
h
h
+
2
h
h
h
h
a
b
a
b
b
b
a
Tng t ta cng c:
1
2
9
1
2
9
+
(2); +
(3).
hb hc hb + 2hc
hc ha hc + 2ha
42
Trn ng trn c 16 im t bi
3 mu nn tn ti t nht 6 im cng t bi mt mu.
Ta gi s 6im A, B, C, D, E, F t bi cng
mt mu (mu chng hn).
Ni A vi B,vi C,vi D, vi E,vi F.
Trong 5 on thng c t bi 2 mu lun c
t nht 3 on thng cng mu.Ta gi s
on AE, AF, AD c t bi mu tm.
-Nu mt trong ba on FE, ED, DF c t bi mu tm pcm.
-Nu c ba on FE, ED, DF c t bi mu nu pcm.
43
Vng 1:
Cu 1: Tm gi tr nh nht ca A: A = 10 x 7 y .Trong x, y l nghim nguyn ca
phng trnh : 3x + 5 y = 11 .
Cu 2: CMR: (a + b)(c + d ) + (a + c)(b + d ) + (a + d )(b + c) 64 abcd .
Trong a,b,c,d > 0.
Cu 3: Cho ng trn (O,r).Xt hnh thang ABCD ngoi tip ng trn ni trn, trong
n = , CAD
n = vi 900, 900.
BC // AD, BAD
1
1
1
1
a)Chng t :
+
=
+
.
2
2
2
OA
OB
OC
OD 2
44
b).C AI = AN = OI .tg
V: BI = BM = OI .Cotg
= r.tg
= r.Cotg
C:
BM + AN
SCMND = r 2 .(tg
S ABCD = r 2 (tg
+ Cotg
+ tg
) .Suy ra:
+ Cotg
+ Cotg
).
C:
tg
tg
+Cotg
+Cotg
2 tg
2 tg
.Cotg
.Cotg
= 2.
= 2.
45
Vng 2:
___
___
i =1
i =1
Chng t: a i + 1 = (1 + ai ) .
Cu 2: Trong 1997 s t nhin t 1 n 1997 chn n s ( n 2 ) phn bit sao cho 2 s
bt k c chn c tng chia ht cho 8. Hi trong cc cch chn n s nh th th
n ln nht l bao nhiu?
Cu 3: Cho on thng AB v mt im C trn AB vi AC = a, BC = b .ng thng qua
C v vung gc vi AB ct na ng trn ng knh AB ti D.Dng ng trn
tm P bn knh r1 tip xc vi CA,CD v tip xc vi na ng trn ng knh
AB.Dng ng trn tm Q bn knh r2 tip xc vi CB, CD v tip xc vi na
ng trn ng knh AB. Gi r l bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic ABD.
a)Tnh r1 , r2 theo a, b .
b)Tm ng thc lin h gia r , r1 , r2 .
Hng dn gii:
Cu 1:
-Vi n = 2 ta c:
a1.a2 > 0 hay: a1.a2 + a1 + a2 + 1 > a1 + a2 + 1 ( a1 + 1) . ( a2 + 1) > ( a1 + a2 + 1)
-Gi s BT cho ng vi n = k 2 tc l:
a1 + a2 + ... + ak + 1 < (1 + a1 ) . (1 + a2 ) ... (1 + ak +1 ) .
-Tht vy:
Theo gi thit qui np ta c: (1 + a1 ) . (1 + a2 ) ... (1 + ak ) > a1 + a2 + ... + ak + 1(1)
Li c: 0 > ak +1 > 1 nn: ak +1. (1 + a1 ) . (1 + a2 ) ... (1 + ak ) > ak +1 (2)
Ch : 0 < (1 + a1 ) . (1 + a2 ) ... (1 + ak ) < 1.
Cng (1) vi (2) theo v ta c: (1 + a1 ) . (1 + a2 ) ... (1 + ak +1 ) > a1 + a2 + ... + ak +1 + 1 (pcm)
46
(1 ai 1997 vi i = 1, n)
C:
a1 + a 2 #8
a 2 a 3 (mod 8) .t a2 = 8t1 + k , a3 = 8t2 + k
a1 + a3 #8
k = 0
Do a2 + a3 #8
k = 4
(0 k 7) .
Vy n = 250 (4,12,20,28,...,1996).
Cu 3:
a).Gi s b a.C:
ba
.
OC = AO AC =
2
a+b
OP =
r1 .
2
Trong PEO: PE 2 + EO 2 = PO 2 hay:
2
ba
a+b
2
r1 = r1 +
+ r1 hay:
2
2
Suy ra: AD = ab + a 2 , BD = ab + b 2 .
(a + b) ab
ab . a + b
=
a + b( a + b + a + b)
a + b + a+b
C:
r1 + r2 = a + b ( a + b a + b ) =
2 ab . a + b
a + b + a+b
47
Suy ra: r1 + r2 = 2r .
Vng 1:
Cu 1: Gii h:
2 x 2 y 2 = 1
2
x + xy = 2
Cu 2: Gii phng trnh: 1 x + 4 + x = 3 .
a +1 b +1
l mt s nguyn
+
b
a
dng.Gi d l c s ca a,b.Chng t: d a + b .
Cu4: Cho hai hnh ch nht c cng din tch.Hnh th nht c kch thc a v b
( a > b > 0 ).Hnh th hai c kch thc c v d ( c > d > 0 ).
CMR: Nu a > c th chu vi ca hnh th nht ln hn chu vi ca hnh th hai.
Cu 5: Cho 3 im c nh A,B,C thng hng theo th t y.Gi ( ) l mt vng trn
qua B,C.K t A cc tip tuyn AE v AF n vng trn ( ) (E,F l cc tip
im).Gi O l tm ca vng ( ). I l trung im ca BC,N l trung im ca
EF.
48
8 2
2
y y = 1 (v l )
9
xy + x 2 = 2
x = y = 1
Tm li :
x = y = 1
Cu 2: iu kin: 4 x 1 .
t u = 1 x , v = 4 + x ta c:
v = 3 u
u + v = 3
v = 3 u
2
u = 1
2
2
2
u + v = 5
u + (3 u ) = 5
u = 2
x = 0
Tm li ta c:
x = 3
Cu 3:
Theo gi thit:
a2 + b2 + a + b
l s nguyn .Suy ra: ( a 2 + b 2 + a + b )# d 2 .
ab
M a 2 , b 2 # d 2 nn ( a + b )# d 2 a + b d 2 a + b d .
Cu 4: K hiu din tch ca hai hnh ch nht l S.Ta phi chng minh:
S
S
S
AB. AC .
49
Vng 2:
)(
Cu 2: Gii h: y + yz + z = 3
z + zx + x = 7
Cu 3: Cho x, y 0 v x 2 + y 2 = 1 . Chng t:
1
2
x3 + y3 1 .
) (
3 y + y 2 + 3 = 3 x x 2 + 3 (1)
) (
3 x + x 2 + 3 = 3 y y 2 + 3 (2)
Cng (1) vi (2) theo v v rt gn ta c: x + y = 0 .Vy E = 0 .
Cu 2:
( y + 1)( z + 1) = 4 (I)
( z + 1)( x + 1) = 8
( x + 1) . ( y + 1) . ( z + 1)
2
( x + 1)( y + 1)( z + 1) = 8
.
( x + 1)( y + 1)( z + 1) = 8
50
T ta tm c:
x = 1, y = 0, z = 3
x = 3, y = 2, z = 5
Cu 3:
x . x3 + y . y 3
( x + y ) . ( x3 + y 3 )
1
1
1
1
.Nn: x 3 + y 3
.
x 3 + y 3 m
x+ y
x+ y
2
2
Cu 4:
A = a1 a 2 a3 b1b2 b3 a1 a 2 a3
= a1a2 a3 .106 + b1b2b3 .103 + a1a2 a3
p = 17
Nh vy bi ton c hai p s:
A = 289578289
A = 361722361
Cu 5:
Ta c:
S
S
AN S AIN S AIN S IDM
=
=
.
= AIN . IDM =
NC S NIC S NIC S IBM
S IBM S NIC
51
a1 a 2 a 3 = 289
a1 a 2 a3 = 361
1
1
1
+b+ +c+ .
a
b
c
Cu 3:
1
3
2
x = y + y + 3 (1)
Gii h: y 3 = z 2 + z + (2)
3
1
3
2
z = x + x + 3 (3)
Cu 4: Cho tam gic ABC khng cn A.Gi M l trung im cnh BC,D l hnh chiu
vung gc ca A trn BC,E v F ln lt l cc hnh chiu vung gc ca B v C
trn ng knh AA ' ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC. CMR: M l tm
ng trn ngoi tip tam gic DEF.
Hng dn gii:
Cu 1:
a-Bn c t gii.
52
53
111
(t c khi a = 10, b = 100, c = 1000 ).
1000
*Nhn xt:Ngoi cch s dng k thut tch trong BT C-Si nh trn,cc bn c th
gii bng cch xt tnh ng bin ca hm s.
1
3
2
x = y + y + 3 (1)
1
3
2
z = x + x + 3 (3)
1
1
Ta thy: y 2 + y + > y 2 + y + 0 nn t (1) x > 0 .Tng t: y > 0, z > 0 .
3
4
Ly (1) tr (2) v bin i: ( x y ) . ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) = ( y z ) . ( y + z + 1) (4) .
Do m Pmin= 1110
nn : DF // BA ' DF AB nn MN DF
m ND = NF MD = MF .
Xt hnh thang BECF c M l trung im BC
M ng trung trc ca EF.
Vy ta c iu phi chng minh.
Ch :V ABC khng cn nn DEF khng b suy bin.
54
55
Gi s 2 N + 1 = k 2 k l.
2 N = k 2 1 = ( k 1) . ( k + 1)# 4.
N # 2 (V l).
Tm li: Ta c pcm.
Cu 2:
1 1 1
Theo gi thit: ( a + b + c ) . + + = 1 (a + b).(b + c).(c + a ) = 0 .
a b c
T : T = 0 .
Cu 3: D thy : a 5 + b5 a 3b 2 b3 a 2 0 nn: a 5 + b5 a 3b 2 + b3 a 2 .
ab
ab
1
c
2 2
=
=
.
5
5
a + b + ab a .b .(a + b) + ab ab(a + b) + 1 a + b + c
Tng t:
bc
a
ac
b
v 5
.
5
5
5
c + b + cb a + b + c
c + a + ca a + b + c
T ta c pcm.
Cu 4:
a-D thy : OM .ON = OP 2 = R 2 .
b-H OH (d), I l trung im OM,
G l giao im ca OH vi PQ.
D thy: I l tm ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic MPQ.
D thy:I ng trung trc [OH].
56
Vng 1:
Cu 1:
a+x + ax
a+x ax
= b trong a,b>0;x l n
s.
2.Cho phng trnh: x 2 + ax + b + 1 = 0 trong a, b v b 1 .Chng t: Nu
phng trnh c hai nghim u l nhng s nguyn th a 2 + b 2 l hp s.
Cu 2: Cho a,b,c l nhng s i mt khc nhau v khc 0.
a 3 x + a 2 y + az = 1
Gii h: b 3 x + b 2 y + bz = 1
3 + 2 + =
c x c y cz 1
Cu 3: Tm nghim nguyn dng ca phng trnh : 7 x = 3.2 y + 1.
Cu 4:
57
A C
A B C D
=
th
=
.C:
B D
A+ B C + D
ax
b 1
a+x + ax
=
= b th:
a+x
b +1
a+x ax
x 2 b
a x b +1 2 b
=
nn: =
1.
a + x b +1+ 2 b
a b +1
2a b
Vy phng trnh c mt nghim x =
tha mn : 0 < x a vi b 1 v
b +1
v nghim nu 0 < b < 1 .
Ta c tnh cht: Nu
Do b 1 nn x1 x2 = b + 1 0 .Li c:
x12 + 1 > 1 v x22 + 1 > 1 .T ta c pcm.
1
1
1
z
yx=0
3
2
a
a
a
1
1
1
Cu 2: V a, b, c 0 nn vit li h phng trnh nh sau: 3 2 z y x = 0
b
b
b
1
1
1
c3 c2 z c y x = 0
Xt a thc:
1
1
1
P ( X ) = X 3 zX 2 yX x . Theo h trn ta thy: P = 0, P = 0, P = 0 .
b
c
a
1 1 1
Vy a thc c ba nghim i mt khc nhau , , ; nn theo nh l Vi-et:
a b c
X1 + X 2 + X 3 = z
X 1 X 2 + X 2 X 3 + X 3 X 1 = y trong X 1 , X 2 , X 3 l cc nghim ca P ( X ) .
X X X = x
1 2 3
1
x = abc
a+b+c
Vy: y =
abc
ab + bc + ca
z =
abc
58
Thy : 2m 1 1 l 2m 1 1 = 3 m = 3 x = 2 y = 4 .
Vy : x = 1, y = 1 hoc x = 2, y = 4 .
Cu 4:
59
60
Vng 2:
Cu 1:
Cu 2:
= 0.
Hy tnh: A = .a 2 + .b 2 + .c 2 .
b-Cho a, b, c, d 0 v a, b, c, d 1 1.CMR: 0 a + b + c + d ab bc cd da 2 .
Cu 3: Cho trc a v d l nhng s nguyn dng. Xt tt c cc s c dng:
a, a + d , a + 2d ,..., a + nd ,... CMR: Trong cc s c t nht mt s m 4 ch s
u tin ca n l 1991.
Cu 4: Trong mt cuc hi tho khoa hc c 100 ngi tham d.Gi s mi ngi u
quen bit vi t nht 67 ngi. CMR: C th tm c mt nhm 4 ngi m bt
k 2 ngi trong nhm u quen bit nhau.
Cu 5:
a-p s: A = 3 2 3 4 2 .6 2 3 + 4 2
= 3 20 .
b-Xt P ( x, y, z ) = ( x y ) + ( y z ) + ( z x ) .
5
Thy P ( y, y, z ) = P ( x, z , z ) = P ( x, y, x ) = 0.
Nn: P ( x, y, z ) = ( x y ) . ( y z ) . ( z x ) . A. ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) + B. ( xy + yz + zx )
Nn: P = 5. ( x y ) . ( y z ) . ( z x ) . ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 xy yz zx ) .
Cu 2:
a-C: (a + b + c )(a + b + c ) = 0
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + ab( + ) + bc( + ) + ca( + ) = 0
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ab bc ca = 0
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 abc + + = 0
c a b
2
2
2
a + b + c = 0.
b-C: a + b + c + d ab bc cd da = a. (1 b ) + b. (1 c ) + c. (1 d ) + d . (1 a ) 0
(1 a ) . (1 b ) 0 a + b ab 1
Li c:
(1 c ) . (1 d ) 0 c + d cd 1
Nn:
a + b + c + d ab bc cd da a + b + c + d ab cd =
= ( a + b ab ) + ( c + d cd ) 1 + 1 = 2.
Ta c pcm.
Cu 3:
a,d cho trc, a + d l s t nhin, vit trong h thp phn c k ch s:
10k 1 a + d 10k hay:
1
a
d
a
d
k + k 1 k , k < 1.
10 10
10
10 10
Do s tn ti s n trong tp t nhin tha mn:
a
d
1991 k + n. k < 1992 .
10
10
Lc : 1991.10k a + n.d 1992.10k .
Vy 4 ch s u tin ca a + n.d l 1991 (pcm).
Cu 4: Ta ch rng nu c hai ngi A & B quen nhau chng hn.Th th:
S ngi quen chung ca A & B t nht l 34 ( = 67 + 67 100 ) ngi.Gi M l tp hp
cc ngi quen chung ca A & B. Trong M phi c t nht cp C&D quen nhau .V
nu trong M chng c ai quen nhau th mi ngi trong M ch quen nhiu nht l
100 34 = 66 < 67 ngi (tri gi thit).Vy c t nht mt nhm 4 ngi (A,B,C,D) m
bt k hai ngi trong nhm u quen bit nhau (pcm).
62
b-Da vo phn a) ta c tp
hp 8 im A,B,C,D,M,N,P,Q
tha mn bi ra.
63
Chuyn L-Ha:
Cu 1:
(x + y )2 . y = 2
a-Gii h
(x + y ). x 2 xy + y 2 = 1
1
5.
xy
y 3 = 2
(v l)
a-Nu x = 0 th 2
y. y = 1
Vy nn x 0 . t y = t.x .Ta c:
2
(x + tx )2 .tx = 2
(
1 + t ) .t
2
( t 1 ).
2
2
2
2 2
1
(1 + t ) 1 t + t
(x + tx ). x tx + t x = 1
t = 1
t 2 3t + 2 = 0
t = 2
1
1
+)Nu t = 1 y = x 4 x 3 = 2 x = 3 y = 3
2
2
1
2
+)Nu t = 2 y = 2 x 18 x 3 = 2 x = 3 y = 3
9
9
64
x4 + y4 x + y
1
8 x 4 + y 4 1 (1).
=
2
16
2
1
1
x+ y
Li c: xy
4 (2).
=
4
xy
2
Cng (1)&(2) theo v ta c pcm.
1
ng thc xy ra khi x = y = .
2
Cu 2: C: ( x 1) . ( x 2 ) . ( x 3) . ( x 4 ) = m (1)
( x 2 5 x + 4 ) . ( x 2 5 x + 6 ) = m.
x + x 2 x3 + x 4
1
1
1
1
5
5
50
.
+
+ +
= 1
+
=
+
=
4 y1 4 y 2 24 m
x1 x 2 x3 x 4
x1 .x 2
x 3 .x 4
Cu 3:
a-Ta c:
c
AD
=
bc = AD.AA1 .
AA1
b
(AD ct ng trn ngoi tip ABC ti A1)
C:
AD.DA1 = DB.DC AD. ( AA1 AD ) = DB.DC hay:
ABD AA1C nn:
a 2 bc
a2
2
DB.DC =
.T
:
.
AD
bc
1
=
2
(b + c )2
(
)
b
C
+
65
2
a
2
Ch :
2
2 m 2 = a 2 + c 2 b
b
2
l
l
Do A > B nn a > b .
b)
2
a2
d a = bc 1
2
(b + c )
Theo bi 3:
b2
2
d b = ca 1 (c + a )2
2
2
T d a < d b AD < BI .
A1
Cu 5: T 2 xy + x + y = 83 ( 2 x + 1) . ( 2 y + 1) = 167.
66
xy 2 2 y + 3x 2 = 0
b-Gii h: 2
y + x 2 y + 2 x = 0
Cu 2: Tm tt c cc cp s nguyn khng m (m,n) phng trnh:
x 2 mnx + m + n = 0 c nghim nguyn.
Cu 3: Cho + ABC c din tch S. Trn cc cnh AB,BC,CA ly C ', A ', B ' tha mn:
AC ' = C ' B, 2.BA ' = A ' C ,3.B ' C = AB ' . Gi s AA ' ct B ' B M, C ' C ct B ' B
N, C ' C ct AA ' P. Tnh din tch +MNP theo S.
Cu 4: Cho + ABC ni tip trong mt ng trn. Ly D trn cung BC (khng cha A)
ca ng trn . H DH vung gc vi BC, DI vung gc vi CA, DK vung
BC AC AB
gc vi AB. CMR:
.
=
+
DH DI DK
Cu 5: Tm tt c cc cp s nguyn dng ( m, n ) sao cho 2m + 1 chia ht cho n v
2n + 1 chia ht cho m.
Hng dn gii :
Cu 1:
2 x 5 0
x + 2 + 3 2x 5 0
C:
x + 2 + 3 2x 5 + x 2 2x 5 = 2 2
2x + 4 + 6 2x 5 + 2x 4 2 2x 5 = 4
2x 5 + 3 + 1 2x 5 = 4
C:
2x 5 + 3 + 1 2x 5
ng thc xy ra
2x 5 + 3 + 1 2x 5 = 4 .
)(
2x 5 + 3 1 2x 5 0 3 x
5
Vy nghim ca phng trnh : x ;3 .
2
67
5
(tha mn (I)).
2
xy 2 2 y + 3x 2 = 0 (1)
b-C: 2
2
y + x y + 2 x = 0 (2)
-Nu x = 0 y = 0.
-Nu x 0 y 0 . Nhn (2) vi x ri tr (1) theo v ta c:
x 3 y + 2 x 2 + 2 y 3x 2 = 0 x 3 + 2 y = x 2 x 3 + 2 0 nn :
y=
x
8
thay vo (2) ta c: 3x 6 + 11x 3 + 8 = 0 x 3 = 1, x 3 = .
3
x +2
3
Ta c cp ( 0, 0 ) .
-Ta tm cp m 0, n 0 . Khi : m, n 1 .
Nn: ( x1 1) . ( x2 1) = ( m 1) . ( n 1) + 2 2 .
T : m = n = 2 hoc m = 5, n = 1 hoc m = n = 3 hoc m = 1, n = 5 .
Cu 3: K AA '// C ' C , ta c:
3
CP '
AC '
AC '
BA ' BA1 A ' A1 1
=
=
=
v:
=
=
= .
'
'
'
BC BC
3
A A1 A1 A AC ' + 2 AC ' 5
CC
3
S
PC 4
4
C ' P C ' P A ' A1 3 1 1
= ' .
= . =
= APC =
Ta c:
'
'
'
5 3 5
5
S AC 'C 5
CC
CC
A A1 CC
4 1
2S
nn S APC = . .S =
5 2
5
Tng t : S BNC =
3
1
S , S AMB = S .
5
10
68
C1
C'
P
A1
B'
N
B
A'
T : S AMB =
1
S.
10
p = BA
p . DE ct BC ti F.C:
Cu 4: Ly cung CE
+ BDF + ADC v + DFC + DBA
+
=
=
DI DK
DH
DH
2m + 1# n
m, n l. Gi s n m 2n + 1 3m .Ta xt:
Cu 5: C:
2n + 1# m
n = 1, m = 3
+) 2n + 1 = m th do n \ 2m + 1 = 2. ( 2n + 1) + 1 n \ 3
n = 3, m = 7
+) 2n + 1 = 3m th do 3m = 2n + 1 2m + 1 m = 1 n = 1 .
Vy ta c 5 cp s nguyn dng: (1,1) ; (1,3) ; ( 3, 7 ) ; ( 3,1) ; ( 7,3) .
69
Vng 2:
Cu 1:
( )
Cu 2: Cho a l tng cc ch s ca s 2 9
1945
1
1
1
+ 2
+ 2
9.
a + 2bc b + 2ca c + 2ab
2
v b l tng cc ch s ca a.
Tm tng cc ch s ca b.
Cu 3: Cho + ABC . Gi s ng phn gic trong v ngoi ca gc A ct BC ti D, K
70
a-t y 2 = n 4 + 2n3 + 2n 2 + n + 7 = ( n 2 + n + 1) ( n 2 + n + 6 ) .
2
1
3
hay: y = ( n + n ) + n + + 6.
2
4
hay: y 2 = ( n 2 + n + 2 ) 3. ( n 2 + n 1)
2
Vy n 0; 1 . Lc : n 2 + n 1 = ( n 1) . ( n + 1) + n v 3. ( n 2 + n 1) < 0 .
Ta c: ( n 2 + n ) < y 2 < ( n 2 + n + 2 )
2
Suy ra:
2
n = 2
y 2 = ( n 2 + n + 1) lc n 2 + n 6 = 0
n = 3
b-Bn c t gii.
Cu 2: V 23 1 (mod 9) ( 23 )
Vy ( 29 )
1945
3.1945
1 (mod 9) .
8 (mod 9) .
6
C: 213 = 8192 < 104 2130 < 1040 nn: (213 ) < 10 24
2 7 < 10 3
Vy : (2 9 )
1945
a = S ( 29 )
1945
1945
) 5391.9 = 48519
c khng qu 5391 ch s. Li c:
b = S ( a ) 3 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 = 39
c = S (b) 12
S (b) = 8 .
71
P (4) P(3) + 1
C:
P ( n) n 2 .
.....
P (n) P(n 1) + 1
Vy ta c kt lun mnh hn c hai cu a&b: S "tam gic xanh" khng t hn
1992 2 = 1990 .
Cu 5:
T A c ng 16 ng i ra. Nu c mt ng ti B pcm.
Nu khng th t A c 16 ng i ti 16 thnh ph trong tp M.
Nu trong M c mt ng i ti B pcm.Nu khng th:
72
73
Vng 1:
Cu 1:
1-Cho ab 0, a + b 0 .CMR:
a)
1
1
1
1 1
1
.
+ 2 +
= +
2
2
a
b
(a + b ) a b a + b
b) a + b +
a 2b 2
(a + b )
= a+b
ab
.
a+b
9 2 + 0, 999
..
9 2 vi n 2 .
n
Cu 2: CMR: x +
4x
(x 1)(. x + 1)3
> 3 vi x > 1 .
Cu 4: Gii h: x + 2 xy + 2 z 2 = 0
2 + 2 + + 1 = 0
y
xz y
1 1
1
1 1
1
2
2
2
+ 2+
= 2+ 2+
+
2
2
2
a b (a + b)
a b ( a + b ) ab a ( a + b ) b ( a + b )
2
2
2
= 0 2(a + b) 2b 2a = 0
ab a (a + b) b(a + b)
Ta c pcm.
74
b) C:
a+b+
a +b +
2
a 2b 2
(a + b )
a 2b 2
(a + b )
= a+b
= a +b +
2
ab
a+b
a 2b 2
(a + b )
2(a + b)ab
+ 2ab 0 = 0 (hin nhin).
a+b
n
2.Vi a = 1 v b = 999...9
(n ch s 9) th a + b = 10 v:
n c/s 9
1
ab = 0, 999
...
...
9; ab = 99
9 . Suy ra:
a+b
n
n
x = a+b+
a 2b 2
(a + b )
= a+b
ab
= 999...
...
9, 00
01 .
a + b
n
n 1
Cu 2: C:
4x 3
x2 1 x +1 x +1
4x 3
x+
=
+
+
+
1 44 1 1 = 3 .
3
3
x
2
x
2
x
(x 1)(x + 1)
(x 1)(x + 1)
x2 1 x +1
=
= 1 v nghim.
ng thc khng xy ra v phng trnh :
x
2x
Tm li ta c pcm.
Cu 3: Ta c : x1 = 4 15 , x 2 = 4 + 15 l hai nghim ca phng trnh: x 2 8 x + 1 = 0
Ta c: x1 x 2 = 1, x1 + x 2 = 8 v x12 = 8 x1 1, x 22 = 8 x 2 1
x1n, +2 2 = 8 x1n, +21 x1n, 2 S n + 2 = 8S n +1 S n (vi S k = x1k + x 2k ).
T :
(
15 )
x17 + x 27 = S 7 = 1874888 x 27 = 4 + 15
7
< 1874888 4 + 15 = 1874887 .
x + 2 xy + 2 z 2 = 0 x. ( 2 y + 1) = 2 z 2
2 xz. (1 + 2 y ) = 2 x 2 .z 2 > 0 (1)
2
Li c: 2 xz + y 2 + y + 1 = 0 2 xz = ( y 2 + y + 1) < 0 (2) .
Thy (1) & (2) mu thun vi nhau H cho v nghim.
75
SA AB SB
=
=
(1)
SD DA SA
SC CB SB
+SCB+SDC nn:
=
=
(2)
SD DC SC
AB CB
=
Do SC = SA , t (1) & (2) :
DA DC
nn : AB.CD = AD.CB
SB SB.SC AB.CB
b)T (1) & (2) ta c:
.
=
=
SD SD.SA AD.CD
Tng t nh trn ta c:
+ IAB+ IDC v + ICB+ IDA
IB AB.CB
Suy ra c :
=
.
ID AD.CD
Ta c pcm.
a). +SAB+SDA nn:
76
Vng 2:
Cu 1: Cho x, y, z , t [ 0;1) v tha mn: xyzt = (1 x ) . (1 y ) . (1 z ) . (1 t ) .
CMR: x. (1 t ) + t. (1 z ) + z. (1 y ) + y. (1 x ) 1 .
Cu 2: Tm cc s nguyn dng n sao cho s S n = 1.2.3...7 + n. ( n + 1) ... ( n + 7 ) c th
(x
+ 1)
.
x
3
C: x. (1 t ) + t. (1 z ) + z. (1 y ) + y. (1 x ) 1 (1 x z ) . (1 y t ) 0 (2) .
xz (1 x )(
. 1 z)
. 1 t)
yt (1 y )(
. 1 t)
yt (1 y )(
Vy ta c pcm.
0 1 x z
0 1 y t
Cu 2: Gi s S n = a 2 + b 2 vi a, b * .
t: n. ( n + 1) ... ( n + 7 ) = 64k . C:
a12 + b12 = 2.3.5.6.7 + 16k # 4 a1 = 2a2 , b1 = 2b2 .C:
a22 + b22 = 9.5.7 + 4k 3 (mod 4) (iu ny khng th xy ra).
Vy khng tn ti n tha mn bi ra.
77
t : x +
1
x+
1
x
+ 1
1
x+
1
x
1
(1).
x
1
=t 2.
x
1
1
1
1
Khi (1) tr thnh: t + 1 t 1 t t .
t
t
t
t
Do c hai v u dng nn:
1
1
1
1 t 2 + t 2t. t
t
t
t
1
1
1
t + 1 2 t 0 t 1
t
t
t
iu ny lun ng vi t 2.
Vy: BPT cho c nghim vi x > 0.
Cu 4: Gi O l trung im AB = 2a .
V na ng trn (O) bn knh R = OC
c ng knh DE nm trn ng thng AB.
n
ACB < 900 n
ACB < 900 n
ACB < DCE
Do n
AB < DE (V OC > OA ).
+ ABC nm hon ton trong min tam gic vung CDE.
C:
n>n
n > 900 (Do BOC
n&n
BOC
AOC nn BOC
AOC b nhau).
H CH AB.C:
OB 2 + OC 2 = OB 2 + OH 2 + HC 2 < CB 2 = AB 2 = 4a 2 R < a 3 = 3
(Do SABC=1(vdt)).
T ta c pcm.
Cu 5:
2.Qua M k HK AD (HAD,KBC).C:
MA.MC MB.MD MA2 .MC 2 MB 2 .MD 2
( MN 2 + MH 2 ) . ( MK 2 + MP 2 ) ( MN 2 + MK 2 ) . ( MH 2 + MP 2 )
( MN 2 MP 2 ) . ( MH 2 MK 2 ) 0
( MN MP ) . ( MH MK ) 0.
79
Vng 1:
Cu 1:
Cu 1:
1.
iu kin: x 2 2 .
C:
2 x2 + x2 + 8 = 4
)(
2 x 2 + x 2 + 8 + 2 2 x 2 x 2 + 8 = 16
x 2 = 1
x 6 x + 16 = 3 2
x = 1
x = 7
4
80
x = 1
Vy nghim ca phng trnh :
x = 1
(a 3 3ab 2 ) 2 = 192 (1)
2.C: 3
2
2
2
(b 3a b) = 98 (2)
Cng (1) & (2) theo v ta c:
a 6 + b6 + 3a 4b 2 + 3a 2b 4 = 192 + 982 ( a 2 + b 2 ) = 192 + 982
3
a 2 + b 2 = 3 192 + 982
Cu 3: Do a, b, c [ 0;1] nn:
(1 a ) . (1 b ) . (1 c ) 0
1 a b c + ab + ac + cb abc 0
a + b + c ab ac cb 1 abc 1
Ch v b, c [ 0;1] nn: b 2 b; c 3 c .Suy ra:
a + b 2 + c 3 ab bc ca a + b + c ab ac cb 1 abc 1 (pcm).
Cu 4:
81
BMN cn
Vy v tr cn xc nh ca M l
ti trung im cung ln AB.
Cu 5:
n + 26 = a 3 (1)
vi a, b * .
1.Gi s
3
n 11 = b (2)
Ly (1) tr (1) theo v ta c: 37 = a 3 b 3
hay (a b ). a 2 + ab + b 2 = 37 = 1.37
m a > b v a b < a 2 + ab + b 2 nn ta c:
a = b + 1
a b = 1
2
2
2
2
a + ab + b = 37
(b + 1) + b(b + 1) + b = 37
T b = 3 n = 38.
x 2 + y 2 2 xy + z 2 .( x y ) (1).
2
y 2 + z 2 2 yz + x 2 . ( z y )2 (2)
Tng t ta c:
2
2
2
2
x + z 2 xz + y . ( x z ) (3)
Cng theo v (1)&(2)&(3) ri chia c hai v cho 2 (ch gi thit x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 ) ta
1
2
2
2
c: 1 xy + yz + zx + x 2 ( y z ) + y 2 ( x z ) + z 2 ( x y ) = P .
P = 1 khi x = y = z =
1
3
Vy MaxP = 1 .
82
Vng 2:
Cu 1:
x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = y + y 2 + y 3 + y 4
1.Gii h 2
x + y 2 = 1
2. Vi gi tr no ca a th phng trnh sau c nghim :
1 x + 1+ x = 1 a + 1+ a
Cu 2: Tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh: 19 x 3 98 y 2 = 1998 .
Cu 3:
a+b+c
> 3.
ba
x2
y2
z2
+
+
.
x 2 + 2 yz y 2 + 2 xz z 2 + 2 xy
Cu 4: Cho bng vung kch thc l 1998 2000 (c 1998 hng v 2000 ct).K hiu
( p, q ) ; ( p + 1, q + 1) ; ( p + 2, q + 2 ) ; ( p + 3, q + 3) ; ( p + 4, q + 4 )
T ln th hai tr i, mi ln t nm cha c mu nm lin tip trong cng mt
hng hoc cng mt ct. Hi bng cch ta c th t mu ht tt c cc vung
con ca bng hay khng?V sao?
83
1.
2
3
4
2
3
4
x + x + x + x = y + y + y + y (1)
Ta c: 2
2
x + y = 1 (2)
( x y ) + ( x 2 y 2 ) + ( x3 y 3 ) + ( x 4 y 4 ) = 0
( x y ) . 1 + x + y + x 2 + xy + y 2 + ( x + y ) . ( x 2 + y 2 ) = 0
Kt hp vi (2) ta c:
2
(
x + y ) 1
(x y ).[2 + 2.(x + y ) + xy ] = 0 (x y ).2 + 2(x + y ) +
=0
2
x = y
2
2 + 2.( x + y ) + ( x + y ) 1 = 0
1
2
(x + y )2 1 = 0 hay:
+)Nu 2 + 2( x + y ) +
x + y = 1
x + y = 3
(x + y )2 + 4.(x + y ) + 3 = 0
84
x = 0, y = 1
-Vi x + y = 1 t (2) suy ra:
x = 1, y = 0
-Vi x + y = 3 y = ( x + 3) suy ra: (x + 3) + x 2 = 1 x 2 + 3x + 4 = 0 (v nghim).
2
x = y = 2
Tm li h cho c nghim: x = y =
2
x = 0, y = 1
x = 1, y = 0
( 1 x
+ 1 + x0
(1)
(1 x0 + 1 + x0 ). 12 + 12
1 x0 + 1 + x0 2
Li c: 1 a + 1 + a 1 a + 1 + a = 2
1 x0 + 1 + x0 = 2
Vy (1)
1 a + 1 + a = 2
M 1 a + 1 + a = 2 (1 a ).(1 + a ) 0 1 a 1.
Vi 1 a 1 ta c: 1 a + 1 + a = 2 .
Phng trnh cho tr thnh: 1 x + 1 + x = 2 .
R rng phng trnh trn c nghim x = 0 .
Vy gi tr cn tm ca a l: 1 a 1 .
Cu 2: C: 19 x 3 98 y 2 = 1998
19 x 3 = 98 y 2 + 1998
Suy ra: 98 y 2 + 1998#19 y 2 + 1#19
M: Mt s chnh phng khi chia cho 19 khng bao gi c s d l 18.(C th chng
minh iu ny mt cch d dng bng kin thc ng d).
Cu 3:
1.Theo bi ra ta c: b 2 4ac < 0 ac > 0 c > 0 v ta cn c:
85
a+b+c
> 3 (pcm).
ba
2.Bn c t gii.
Cu 4:
2 1
2. 3 + 1 .x
. . AB =
.
3
3 2
3
M: AP = 2.PL AK = x nn:
2. 3 + 1 .x
3 + 2 .x
KG = AG AK =
x=
.
3
3
KG KT
3+2
3.r
C:
=
=
AG AB
2. 3 + 1 2. 3 + 1 . x
C: AG =
. AO =
) ( )
3.r
2.(
x=
AB = 2.( 3 + 1).x =
( 3 + 2)
3 + 1 . 3.r
3+2
86
Vng 1:
Cu 1:
1.Tnh S =
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
.
1.2 2.3
1999.2000
x
2 1
x + y 2 + y = 3
2.Gii h:
x + 1 + x = 3
y y
Cu 2:
2 x 2 4a + .x + 4a 2 + 7 = 0 .
2
Cu 3: Cho ng trn (O) ni tip trong hnh thang ABCD (AB // CD) tip xc vi
AB,CD ln lt E,F.
BE DF
1.CMR:
=
.
AE CF
2.Cho bit AB = a, CB = b (a < b) ,v BE = 2. AE .Tnh din tch hnh thang
ABCD.
Cu 4: Cho x,y l hai s thc khc 0.CMR:
4x 2 y 2
x2 y2
+
+
3.
(x 2 + y 2 )2 y 2 x 2
1.C:
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
1
+
+ ... +
= 1 + + ... +
1.2 2.3
1999.2000 2 2 3
1999 2000
1
1999
= 1
=
.
2000 2000
x
2 1
+
+
=3
x
2
y
y
2.Ta c:
x + 1 + x = 3
y y
S=
87
1
x+ =2
y
x
1
1
1
x + + x + 6 = 0
x + = 3
y
y
y
y
x + = 3
y
1 x
1 x
+
+
=
x
x
+
+
=
3
3
1 x
y y
y y
x + + = 3
y y
1
x + y = 2
x
y = 1
x = y = 1.
1
x + = 3
y
x
= 6
y
Vy nghim ca h cho l: x = y = 1 .
Cu 2:
1.iu kin : x 1 .
C: x 1 + x 3 + x 2 + x + 1 = 1 + x 4 1(1)
Ch : x 4 1 = ( x 1).(x 3 + x 2 + x + 1)
C:
(1)
)(
x 1 1 .1 x3 + x2 + x + 1
x 1 1 = 0
x = 2.
1 x 3 + x 2 + x + 1 = 0
Vy nghim ca phng trnh cho l x = 2.
11
4a 2 4 x0 a + 2 x02 .x + 7 = 0 (1)
2
Do , phng trnh (1) vi n l a lun c nghim. Hay:
88
11
7
x0 2
2
x0 = 3
V x0 nguyn nn suy ra:
x0 = 2
-Vi x0 = 3 thay vo (*) ta c:
11
17
18 4a + .3 + 4a 2 + 7 = 0 4a 2 12a +
= 0 8a 2 24a + 17 = 0
2
2
6 2
a=
.
4
-Vi x0 = 2 thay vo (*) ta c:
11
8 4a + .2 + 4a 2 + 7 = 0 4a 2 8a + 4 = 0 a = 1 .
2
a = 1
6+ 2
Tm li ta c: a =
a = 6 2
4
Cu 3:
=
BN .CN = AH .DH
AE CF
AH CN
D thy : ADO, BOC l cc tam gic vung O.
Nn: BN .CN = ON 2 = OH 2 = AH .DH .
Ta c pcm.
2.Bn c t gii:
3b 2a
S ABCD =
. 2a.(3b 2a )
3
Cu 4: C:
(x
4x 2 y 2
2
M:
+ y2
(x
4x 2 y 2
x2 y2
+ 2 + 2 =
y
x
x2 + y2
4x 2 y 2
2
+ y2
(x
+
+ y2
4x 2 y 2
2
(x
+
+ y2 )
2.
x2 y2
2
2.
89
3. x 2 + y 2
V:
4x 2 y 2
Suy ra:
(x
4x 2 y 2
2
+ y2 )
(x
+
3.
+ y2 )
4x 2 y 2
(x 2 + y 2 ) + 3.(x 2 + y 2 ) 2 2 + 3 2 = 3 .
2
=
+
4x 2 y 2
x2 y2
(x 2 + y 2 )2 4 x 2 y 2
Ta c pcm.
ng thc xy ra x = y 0.
90
Vng 2:
Cu 1:
Cu 2:
4
1
5
+ x = x + 2x .
x
x
x
2
2.Cho f ( x ) = ax + bx + c c tnh cht: f (1) , f ( 4 ) , f ( 9 ) l cc s hu t.
CMR: a, b, c l cc s hu t.
Cu 3:
1.D thy x 1 .
Ta phi c: (x 2 + 2)# (x 1) .
M: x 2 1# ( x 1) .
(x 2 + 2) (x 2 1)# ( x 1) 3 # ( x 1) x 1 = 1,3 .
T ta c cc cp ( x, y ) cn tm: ( 2;6 ) , ( 0; 2 ) , ( 2; 2 ) , ( 4;6 ) .
1 x + y 1
2.Theo bi ra:
1 xy + x + y 1
91
0 ( x + 1).( y + 1) 2 (1)
hay:
1 ( x + 1) + ( y + 1) 3 (2)
T (1) x + 1 & y + 1 cng du kt hp vi (2) x + 1, y + 1 0 (*).
x, y 1 (3) .
x +1 3
T (2) : ( x + 1) + ( y + 1) 3 kt hp vi (*)
x, y 2 (4).
y +1 3
T (3) & (4) ta c pcm.
Cu 2:
1.t
1
5
= a 0; 2 x = b 0
x
x
( x 0) .
4
1
5
+ x = x + 2x
x
x
x
1
5
1
5
hay: x 2 x x 2 x = 0 .
x
x
x
x
C:
x =0
x = 2x
1
5
x
x
x
x = 2.
x = 2x
1
1
x
x
x 0
x 0
x
x
Vy nghim ca phng trnh l x = 2.
2.Theo bi ra ta c:
a + b + c Q (1)
16a + 4b + c Q (2)
81a + 9b + c Q (3)
Cu 3:
92
Nn: AC BD .
Ta c pcm.
2. Bn c t gii.
Cu 4:
93
Vng 1:
Cu 1: Cho x > 0 , hy tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
6
1 6 1
+
x
x + 6 2
x
x
.
P=
3
1
1
3
x+ + x + 3
x
x
Cu 2: Gii h:
1
x
1
y
+ 2
1
=2
y
+ 2
1
=2
x
a 3 b3 c3
+
+
ab + bc + ca.
b
c
a
1.CMR: 2a 2 MN 2 + NP 2 + PQ 2 + QM 2 4a 2 .
2.Gi s M l mt im c nh cho trc trn cnh AB. Hy xc nh v tr ca
cc im N,P,Q ln lt trn cc cnh BC,CD,DA sao cho MNPQ l mt hnh
vung.
Hng dn gii :
6
1 6 1
x+ x + 6 2
x
x
=
Cu 1: C: P =
3
1
1
3
x+ + x + 3
x
x
1
1
1
= x + x 3 + 3 = 3. x + 6
x
x
x
Vy Pmin = 6 khi x = 1 .
( x > 0) .
94
1
1
;Y =
( x, y > 0).
x
y
C: X + 2 Y = Y + 2 X .Thy:
-Nu X > Y th: X + 2 Y > Y + 2 X .
-Nu X < Y th: X + 2 Y < Y + 2 X .
Vy phi c: X=Y . Vi X=Y ta c:
X + 2 X = 2 X + (2 X ) + 2. X .(2 X ) = 4
X .(2 X ) = 1 X 2 2 X + 1 = 0 X = 1.
Suy ra X = Y =1 x = y = 1.
a 3 b3 c3
+
+
ab + bc + ca.
b
c
a
ng thc xy ra a = b = c .
Suy ra:
Cu 5:
1.Ch : x, y 0 ta lun c:
1
2
2
( x + y ) x 2 + y 2 . ( x + y ) (1).
2
2
2
MN = MB + NB 2
2
2
2
NP = NC + PC
Ta c: 2
2
2
PQ = PD + QD
QM 2 = QA 2 + MA 2
F
H
) (
MN 2 + NP 2 + PQ 2 + QM 2 =
) (
) (
= MB 2 + MA 2 + NB 2 + NC 2 + PC 2 + PD 2 + QD 2 + QA 2
p dng (1) ta c: 2a2 MN2 + NP2 + PQ2 + QM2 4a2.
95
Vng 2:
Cu 1: Gii phng trnh:
x 1 + 1 + 2. x 1 = 2 x.
x y = 1
Cu 2: Gii h: y z = 1
z x = 1
Cu 3: Cho x,y l nhng s nguyn dng thay i tha mn: x + y = 201 .
Cu 4: Cho on thng BC v ng thng (d) song song vi BC. Bit khong cch gia
BC
.
(d) v ng thng qua B v C nh hn
2
Gi s A l mt im thay i trn (d).
96
(
(
)
x 1 + 1) + (
3
x 1 + 1 + ( x 1) + 1 + 2. x 1 = 2.
3
x 1 + 1 = 2. t
x 1 + 1 = t ta c:
t +t 2 = 0
(t 1).(t 2 + 2t + 2) = 0 t = 1.
Vi t = 1 x = 1.
3
x = y + 1
z = x + 1
Gi s ( x, y, z ) l mt nghim vi xmin (cc trng hp khc lm tng t).
x y
Khi ta c:
kt hp vi h trn y z z x x = y = z .
x z
3+ 5
( x 1) .
H trn tr thnh: x = x + 1 x =
2
3+ 5
Suy ra: x = y = z =
.
2
Cu 3:
3
C: P = x. ( x 2 + y ) + y. ( y 2 + x ) = ( x + y ) 3 xy. ( x + y ) + 2 xy hay P = 2013 601.xy
P ( xy ) min
R rng max
Pmin ( xy ) max
Ta gii quyt bi ton : x, y Z + tha mn:
x + y = 201 .Tm max, min: A = xy .
C: A = x. ( 201 x ) = x 2 + 201.x
Suy ra:
x = 100
x = 101
Amax khi
hoc
y = 101
y = 100
x = 1
x = 200
hoc
Amin khi
y = 200
y = 1
T : Pmax = 2013 - 601.200.1
v Pmin = 2013 - 601.100.101
97
1.Do BC c nh nn tm O ca vng trn ngoi tip ABC lun chy trn ng trung
trc ca [BC] Bn knh ng trn ngoi tip ABC nh nht khi O trng vi trung
BC
BC
ct (d) ti hai im
im I ca BC. (Do d( BC ,( d )) <
ng trn (I) bn knh
2
2
phn bit).
Bi ton c hai nghim : A & A ' u nhn BC di mt gc vung.
2.S
(S l din tch ABC).
AB
h
2S
= ha .2 S . b .
C: ha .hb .hc = ha .hb .
AB
AB
Do ha v 2S lun khng i nn:
h
h
h
(ha .hb .hc ) max b max . Song: b 1 b max = 1 hb = AB .
AB
AB
AB
Khi ABC vung A.
2.Ch : hc =
1 1 1
2
t: a = + + 6 2 v b = ( x + y + z ) ab 9 2.
x y z
Ta c:
2
2
2
2
b 2 3 a 3
ab 2 3 a
3 a
+ 6 . 2 .2. 2 + 6 . 2
a+b = . 2 +
2
9
2 6
2 6
2
2 6
2
2
3
a + b .2.1 +
2
2
2 3 2
3
2
6
.
1
=
+6 .
2
2
(a1 + b1 + c1 )2
(x + y + z )
3
3
+ 6 2 = . 17 .
2
2
98
(a 2 + b2 + c 2 )2
2
1 1 1
+ + + = a + b
x y z
1
ng thc xy ra khi x = y = z = .
2
Cu 5.b:
99
Vng 1:
Cu 1:
Cu 4: Cho tam gic ABC vung cn A. AD l trung tuyn thuc cnh huyn. M l mt
im thay i trn on AD. Gi N,P theo th t l hnh chiu vung gc ca M
xung AB & AC. H l hnh chiu vung gc ca N xung ng thng PD.
(2 + 5 ) + a.(2 + 5 )
3
+ b. 2 + 5 + 1 = 0
(x
4 x 1) . ( x 1) = 0 c ba nghim l: x1,2 = 2 5 v x3 = 1 .
Vy Sn = 1 + x1n + x2n .
Ta d dng tnh c : S1 = 5; S2 = 19; S3 = 77.
t Pn = x1n + x2n ta d dng chng minh c: Pn + 2 4.Pn +1 Pn = 0 (1) vi mi n 1 .
T , bng php qui np, suy ra Pn vi mi n = 1, 2,3,... do S n vi n .
3.T (1) Pn + 2 Pn (mod 4). Mt khc: P2 = 18 2 (mod 4).
T : P1996 P1994 P1992 ... P2 2 (mod 4).
Cu 2:
Cu 3:
101
1.Dng BE // AC ct PD ti E. Thy:
n = NHB
n = 450 .
BE = PC = BN NEB
C
E
Mt khc: n
AHN = n
APN = 450 .
Vy n
AHB = 900 v HN l ng phn gic ca n
AHB .
Suy ra:
1
1 AH 2 + BH 2
2
= . AH 2 .BH 2 .
S AHB
4
4
2
S AHB
AB 4
=
16
AB 2
102
Vng 2:
Cu 1: Cho biu thc:
x + 3x + (x 4).
P(x ) =
3
2
2
3
x2 1 4
x 3x + x 4 . x 2 1 + 4
1.Rt gn P(x).
vi x 1.
[
[
]
]
103
2
3
Vi iu kin y: P ( x) =
( x + 2). x 1
.
( x 2). x + 1
2
.C hai gi tr ny u khng tha mn iu kin trn.
2.Gii P ( x ) = 1 ta c: x =
3
Vy phng trnh v nghim.
Cu 2:
1. ( a b ) + ( b c ) + ( c a ) = 3. ( a b ) . ( b c ) . ( c a ) .
3
t M = y z 1 y z 2 + y z 3 ... y + 1 , M l tng ca 2t + 1 s l M l
M l c l ca s 2 x M = 1 .
Vy y z + 1 = y + 1 z = 1 (pcm).
Cu 4:Gi s MA ct BD I. T gi thit M, N l trung im ca BC v CD. Ta c:
S ABCD = 2 S AMCN = 2 ( S AMN + SCMN ) =
E
I
1
= 4 S AMN 4. . AM . AN
2
2
AM + AN 1
2.
= . ( AM + AN ) (pcm).
2
2
( X , Y ) = 0 ( X ', Y ') = (Y , Z ) = 1
trong k hiu ( X , Y ) = 1 (hay 0) ch rng gia hai thnh ph X v Y c ( khng c)
ng thy ni trc tip. T suy ra rng c th biu din 2n thnh ph cho bi s
104
M: ( B, B ') = 0 nn ( B1 , B ) = 1 . Nn: ( A, B1 ) = 1 th c ng i: A B1 B .
Nu ( A, B1 ) = 0 th
( A ', B ) = 1 v c ng i: A A ' B .
( A, A1 ) = ( B, B1 ) = 1 . V ( A, B ) = 0
nn ( A1 , B1 ) = 1 .
Ta c ng i: A A1 B1 B .
Hnh2
Hnh3
105
Chuyn L:
x 2 + 2 + x + y 2 + 3 + y = 5
Cu 1: Gii h:
x 2 + 2 x + y 2 + 3 y = 2
Cu 2: CMR:
2 a.(c d ) + 3d 3
vi mi s a, b, c, d [2;3] .
3 b.(d c) + 3c 2
a).CMR: Hai ng trn ngoi tip cc tam gic ABE v ABF c bn knh bng
nhau.
b).Tnh bn knh ng trn ngoi tip ABF theo R v r.
Hng dn gii :
Cu 1:
t a = x 2 + 2 + x; b =
y 2 + 3 + y. H cho tr thnh:
a = 5 b
a + b = 5
b = 3, a = 2
2
3
2 3
b = a = 5
5 b + b = 2
a + b = 2
2
13
17
x = 20 , y = 20
T ta c cc nghim:
x = 1 , y = 1
2
a.(c d ) + 3d 2
(1) .
b.(d c) + 3c 3
a.(c d ) + 3d 3d a(d c) 3d 3(d c) c 2
=
= .
-Nu d c th:
b.(d c) + 3c b(d c) + 3c 3(d c) + 3c d 3
a.(c d ) + 3d 2(c d ) + 3d d + 2c
=
.
-Nu c > d th:
b.(d c) + 3c 3c 2.(c d ) c + 2d
Cu 2: Ta chng minh:
106
C:
d + 2c 2
3d + 6c 4d + 2c 4c d (lun ng).
c + 2d 3
Ta chng minh:
b.(d c) + 3c 2
a.(c d ) + 3d a.(c d ) + 3d 3.(c d ) + 3d c 3
=
= .
-Nu c > d th:
b.(d c) + 3c 3c b.(c d )
3c 3(c d ) d 2
a.(c d ) + 3d 3d a (d c) 3d 2(d c) d + 2c
=
=
..
-Nu d c th:
b.(d c) + 3c b(d c) + 3c 2(d c) + 3c c + 2d
d + 2c 3
C:
2d + 4c 3c + 6d c 4d (lun ng).
c + 2d 2
Vy (2) c chng minh.
Bi ton c chng minh xong.
Cu 3: iu kin: x a, x b, x c.
1
1
1
C:
+
+
=0
xa xb xc
( x a).( x b) + ( x b).( x c) + ( x c).( x a) = 0
C: f (b) = (b c).(b a) 0
f (c) = (c a).(c b) 0
Cu 4: p s: RABF = R.r .
Ch :Khi cc bn gii bi ton 3,cc bn thng xt ' > 0 ri suy ra iu phi chng
minh ngay l cha .Cc bn phi chng minh thm mt quan trng l : a,b,c khng
phi l nghim ca phng trnh ang xt.
107
Vng 1:
Cu 1: Gii phng trnh: x 2 + x 2 2 x 19 = 2 x + 39.
x + y + xy = 2
x 2 2 x 19 + ( x 2 2 x 19) 20 = 0 hay:
t 2 + t 20 = 0 (t 4).(t + 5) = 0 m t 0 nn:
t=4
x = 7
T c: x 2 2 x 19 = 16 x 2 2 x 35 = 0
x = 5
Cu 2: y chnh l Cu2- 18.
Cu 3: p dng BDT Bunhiacpxki:
a + 3b + 2a + 5b + 3a + 4b
(a + 3b + 2a + 5b + 3a + 4b ).(1 + 1 + 1) hay:
a + 3b + 2a + 5b + 3a + 4b (6a + 12b).3.
M a + 2b 8 nn 6a + 12b 48 . T suy ra:
108
CM ON 3
n = tg NDO
n COM
n = NDO
n.
=
= nn: tg COM
MO DN 4
n' = COM
n = NDO
n OM ' // ND.
COM
Gi H l giao im ca CM ' vi ND.
D thy t gic ONHM ' l hnh vung.
n
'
n = ONH
n = 900
C = OMC
(V c M ' O // NH v OM
v c ON = OM ' = 12 cm )
HC = HM ' CM ' = ON CM = 3 cm .
t x(cm) = ME = NE . C: CE 2 = EH 2 + HC 2 hay :
( CM + x )
= ( NH EN ) + 9 ( 9 + x ) = (12 x ) + 9 x =
2
100
(cm).
7
150
1
1
1
= .DE.CH = .100. .3 =
(cm 2 ).
7
7
2
2
Suy ra: DE = DN EN =
C: S DCE
109
12
(cm)
7
Vng 2:
x 3 + x 3 y 3 + y 3 = 17
Cu 1: Gii h:
x + xy + y = 5
Cu 2: CMR: Vi n 4 th BT ng vi cc s dng x1 , x2 ,..., xn bt k:
Cu 3: Tm gi tr ln nht ca hm s: y = 2 x 2 7 x + 3 .( x 3) vi x [ 3;3].
Cu 4: Cho ABC c ba gc nhn. Cc ng cao AD,BE,CF ct nhau ti H. K hiu
S ABC , S DEF l din tch ca cc tam gic ABC v DEF.
a).CMR:
S DEF
= 1 Cos 2 A Cos 2 B Cos 2 C.
S ABC
(a + b). a 2 ab + b 2 3ab = 17
5a 2 8ab + 5b 2 = 17
a + b = 5
a + b = 5
5a 2 8a.(5 a ) + 5.(5 a) 2 = 17
a = 2, b = 3
a = 3, b = 2
b = 5 a
x = 1, y = 2
T ta c:
x = 2, y = 1
Cu 2:
2
-Vi n chn ta c: (x1 x 2 + x3 ... + x n 1 x n ) 0 hay:
-Vi n l ta c:
Khng gim tnh tng qut gi s xn = min ( x1 , x2 ,..., xn ) . C:
110
x n2 + 2 x n .(x 2 + x3 + ... + x n 2 ) + 2 x n 1 .( x1 x n ) + 2 x1 .( x n 1 x n ) 0 .
x n ( x1 x n ) 0; ( x n 1 x n ) 0.
Cu 3: C: y = (3 x).(3 x ).( 2 x 1)
1
-Nu x y 0.
2
1
-Nu x > . p dng BT C-Si (Ch : 3-x 0;2x-1 0) c:
2
3
125
3 x + 3 x + 2x 1
y = (3 x ).(3 x ).(2 x 1)
.
=
3
27
4
ng thc xy ra khi x = .
3
125
4
Vy y max =
khi x = .
27
3
Cu 4:
S
S DEF
S
S
AF . AE CE.CD BF .BD
= 1 AEF CED BFD = 1
.
S ABC
S ABC S ABC S ABC
AC. AB CB.CA BC.BA
S
T : DEF = 1 Cos 2 A Cos 2 B Cos 2 C.
S ABC
a-C:
CosA =
b2 + c2 a2
a2 + c2 b2
b2 + a2 c2
; CosB =
; CosC =
.
2bc
2ac
2ac
111
a 2 = c 2 + b 2 2bc.CosA
b2 + c2 a2
CosA =
.
2bc
a2 + c2 b2
b2 + a2 c2
Tng t: CosB =
; CosC =
.
2ac
2ab
Tr li bi ton:
Ta c:
AC
n = DC .
= SinB = SinDHC
2R
HC
DC
Suy ra: HC = 2 R.
HC = 2 R.CosC
AC
HD
n
HD = HC.
= 2 R.CosC.CosDHC
HC
HD = 2 R.CosB.CosC (1)
Tng t: HF = 2 R.CosB.CosA (2) .
T (1) ta c:
HD
HC =
= 2 R.CosC = 5.HF (3) .
CosB
T ( 2) & (3) suy ra: 2 R.CosC = 2 R.CosB.CosA.5 CosC = 5.CosB.CosA .
b2 + a2 c2
a2 + c2 b2 b2 + a2 c2
= 5.
.
2ac
2ac
2ab
2
2
2
2
5. ( c + b a ) . ( a + c 2 b 2 )
a 2 + b2 c2 =
(4) .
2.c 2
AC AD
3
b
3
2 2
M:
=
=
=
.Suy ra: a =
.b thay vo ( 4) c:
BC BE 2 2
a 2 2
3
112
34 c 2 5
. 2
=0
9
81
b
c2 5
5
Suy ra: 2 = c 2 = .b 2 .C:
9
9
b
2
2 2
5
.b + b 2 .b 2
2
2
2
3
9
b +a c
1
=
CosC =
=
2ab
2 2 2
2
2.
.b
3
l = 450 BC = BE = 4 (cm).
C
CosC
1
S ABC = .BC. AD = 6 (cm 2 ).
2
Vy: SABC = 6 (cm2).
113
3a + 2. a + 1 + 3b + 2. b + 1 + 3c + 2. c + 1 3. 17 .
Hng dn gii :
Cu 1: C:
Li c:
a + b + c (a + b + c).(1 + 1 + 1) = 6.
3a + 2 a + 1 + 3b + 2 b + 1 + 3c + 2 c + 1
) (
(
) (
)
)
2
3a + 2 a + 1 + 3b + 2 b + 1 + 3c + 2 c + 1 .(1 + 1 + 1) =
Suy ra:
3a + 2. a + 1 + 3b + 2. b + 1 + 3c + 2. c + 1 51.3 = 3. 17
ng thc xy ra khi a = b = c = 4 .
114
Theo bi ra ta c:
Tng s im ca tt c mi ngi sau khi gp kin tng =
1
tng s im ca tt c
2
( x + y ).( x + y 1)
y.( y 1) 1
mi ngi. Ta c: 2 xy +
.
= .2.
2
2
2
Suy ra:
x 2 (2 y + 1).x ( y 2 y ) = 0 .V x x = 8 y 2 + 1 l s chnh phng.
M 1 y 20 y = 6 x = 15.
Vy c 21 ngi tham d cuc thi,trong c 6 kin tng.
Cu 3: p dng BT C-Si ta c:
n
1
3
2n 1
2 + 2 + ... + 2
1
3
5
2n 1
n
n
n =
2 . 2 . 2 ... 2
<
n
n
n
n
n
1 + 3 + ... + (2n 1)
2n
n
=
= 1.
n
>
2
n
n t +1
n
n t +1
n
T ta c BT :
2n (2t 1)
1
vi 1 t n .
2
n
n t +1
115
n
n
2n 3
1
2
1
1
3
5
2n 1
n
n 1 2 . 2 . 2 ... 2
n!
n
n
n
n
...
1 1
n 1
Du bng khng xy ra.
1
1
3
5
2n 1
Vy: < 2 . 2 . 2 ... 2
< 1 (pcm).
n!
n
n
n
n
Cu 4:
x 2 y 2 = ( x + 1)2 9 + 6. x 2 y 2 ( x 2 y 2 )
x 4 + 3. x 2 y 2 = 0 (2).
T ( 2) ta c: (4 x) 2 = 9.( x 2 + y 2 ) kt hp vi (1) c:
116
20
29
T (1) y < 4 .Vy y =
.
x=
23
23
Tr li bi ton:
Gi O l tm ng trn tip xc vi ba na ng trn trn. Gi cc im tip xc
ln lt l: T ', Q ', H ' (hnh v).
Gi T,Q,H ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AC,CB,BA ca ABC.
C: OT ' = OH ' = OQ ' hay: OT + TT ' = OH + HH ' = OQ + QQ '
OT + 3 = OH + 5 = OQ + 4 OT 2 = OQ 1 = OH
p dng bi ton ph trn cho HTQ c:
29
29
144
OH =
OH ' =
+5=
23
23
23
144
Vy bn knh cn tm c di :
(cm).
23
117
Vng 2:
Cu 1: Tm gi tr ln nht,nh nht ca biu thc :
mn : a + c = b + d = 50.
a c
+ trong a, b, c, d tha
b d
= 1 1. Li c:
b b+d
d
b
c
a c
+Nu c 48 48 + 1 + 48 = 49.
d
b d
a c 1 49 1
1
+Nu c = 49 a = 1 + = +
+ 49 = 49 .
b d b d
49
49
a
c
1
Vy + = 49
khi a = 1, b = 49, c = 49, d = 1.
49
b d max
-Ta tm GTNN ca biu thc cho.
a c
Nhn xt: Trong hai phn s , lun tn ti mt phn s c gi tr ln hn hoc bng
b d
a
1.(iu ny d dng chng minh c bng phn chng).Vy ta gi s rng 1 .Khi
b
ta c a b .Ta bin i biu thc nh sau:
a c a 50 a
1
1
P= + = +
= 2 + (a b).
(*)
b d b 50 b
b 50 b
1
1
+)Nu b 25
P 2.
b 50 b
118
50 b b
50 b b b 49
a c 50
Mt khc khi a = 50, b = 49, c = 0, d = 1 th + =
.
b d 49
50
a c
Vy + = .
b d min 49
Cu 2:
n = 1800 l
D thy MDN
A < 900 .
p dng b 1 trong 38 c:
MN
= AD.
n
SinMDN
A) khi D H .
Vy: MN min = AH .Sin(1800 l
Cu 3:
1 = 2 = 3 = 1
k = 3
A = 3.5.7
n = 3.5.7.19
78 < A = p1 . p 2 . p3 < 106
A = 2.3.17 n = 2.3.17.19
119
1 = 1
3
2 = 3 78 < A = p1 . p 2 < 106 p 2 < 4.
k = 2
3
3
p1 = 13 A = 2 .13 n = 2 .13.19
= 7
. 2 + 1)...( k + 1) = 8 1
+Nu ( 1 + 1)(
A = 2 7 > 105 (loi).
=
1
k
Tm li ta c bn p s tha mn bi ra:
n = 1672 hoc 1976 hoc 1995 hoc 1938.
120
)(
2001
(
= (1 + x
= (1 + x
)(
+ x 4 + ... + x
) (x + x + ... + x )
) x .(1 + x + x + ... + x )
2000 2
1999 2
2
2
4
1998
+ x 4 + ... + x 2000
Ta thy: P (x ) c c sau khi b cc du ngoc v nhm cc s hng trong tch s l
mt a thc khng cha cc s hng vi ly tha l ca x .
Tm li: a 2001 = 0.
2
121
3x 2 7 x + 3 0
x 2
2
Cu 2: iu kin: x 2 0
5 + 37 (I).
x
x 2 3x + 4 0
3x 2 7 x + 3 + x 2 3x + 4 =
(3x
5 x 1 2.( x 2) +
(x
x 2 2 + 3x 2 5 x 1
2
2 3.( x 2) = 3 x 2 5 x 1 + x 2 + 2 (1)
C: A = 26 5t +1 = (26 5 ) .26
C: 26 5 1(mod125) A 26(mod125).
Ta c th t: A = 125k + 26 (k ) .
D thy A#8 125k + 26#8 5k + 2#8 k 6(mod 8) nn:
k = 8m + 6 vi m .T suy ra: A = 1000.m + 776.
Ch s hng n v, hng chc, hng trm ca A ln lt l : 6,7,7.
t
x1 + x 2 + x3 = 1(1)
Tm li ta c : x1 , x 2 , x3 > 0. Li c:
a3
1
3
+ 27.b = ( x1 x2 + x1 x3 + x1 x2 ) .
+ 27 x1 x2 x3 =
3
b
27.x13 x23 x33
122
1 1 1 1
1
= . + + + 27.x1 x2 x3
+ 27 x1 x2 x3 =
27 x1 x2 x3
x1 x2 x3
1
26
1
26
.27 x1 x2 x3 +
= 28
=
+ 27 x1 x2 x3 +
2.
3
27.x1 x2 x3
x1 + x2 + x3
27 x1 x2 x3
27.x1 x2 x3
27.
1
1
1
ng thc xy ra x1 = x 2 = x3 = a = , b =
.
3
9
27
Cu 5:
A ).
1.D thy A, I , A ' thng hng (do AA '& AI ng thi l ng phn gic trong ca l
Tng t: B, I , B ' thng hng; C , I , C ' thng hng. C:
1
n
n
n
' '
' '
l +C
l = 90 0 .
A' C ' B ' + C
BI = n
A'C 'C + CC
B = . l
A+ B
2
IB ' C ' A ' . Tng t : IC ' A ' B ' , IA ' C ' B ' .
T H ' I .
2.C:
n
' '
IB
C =n
AA'C ' = n
A' B 'C '
I v A i xng vi nhau qua B ' C ' .
IA B 'C '
n = IAR
n IQ // AB . Tng t: MI // AB nn M,I,Q thng hng.
n
AIQ = QAI
123
Vng 2:
Cu 1: Vi mi s k nguyn dng, t: S k =
) (
k
2 +1 +
2 1 .
CMR: S m + n + S m n = S m .S n vi mi m, n * : m > n.
Cu 2: Cho n l mt s nguyn dng.
Chng t tng : Tn = 15 + 2 5 + 35 + ... + n 5 chia ht cho tng An = 1 + 2 + .. + n .
Cu 3: Tm tt c cc s nguyn dng p > 1 sao cho phng trnh sau c nghim duy
1
.x + 1 = 0.
nht: x 3 + p.x 2 + p 1 +
p 1
x 3 + y 3 + x 2 .( y + z ) = xyz + 14
Cu 4: Gii h: y 3 + z 3 + y 2 .( z + x) = xyz 21
z 3 + x 3 + z 2 .( x + y ) = xyz + 7
Cu 5.a(Chuyn Ton):
) (
m
Cu 1: C: S m .S n = 2 + 1 +
) (
) (
m
n
2 1 . 2 + 1 +
124
n
2 1 =
m
= 2 +1 +
(
= ( 2 + 1) + (
n
. 2 + 1 +
m
2 + 1
1
)
2 + 1)
m+ n
mn
2 +1
nm
n
2 + 1
1
+
m+ n
2 +1
1
( )
= ( 2 + 1) + ( 2 + 1) + ( 2 1) + ( 2 1)
m+ n
mn
nm
m+ n
= S m+ n + S mn .
Ta c pcm.
Cu 2:
n.( n + 1)
n.(n + 1)
. Ta s chng minh S k #
.
2
2
-Khi n chn:
n k n k
S k = 1 + n + 2 + (n 1) + ... + + + 1
2 2
#( n +1)
#( n +1)
) (
#( n +1)
S k # (n + 1) .
n k n k n k
Hn na: S k = 1 + (n 1) + 2 + (n 2) + ... + 1 + + 1 + + n k
2 2 2
n
n
#
#
) (
n
2
n.( n + 1)
n
n
, m , (n + 1) = 1 S k #
.
2
2
2
-Khi n l:
n 1 k n + 3 k n + 1 k
+
+
S k = 1k + n k + 2k + (n 1) k + ... +
2 2 2
n +1
n +1
#
#
Sk #
) (
Sk #
n +1
2
n +1
.
2
125
n 1 k n + 1 k k
+
+n
Hn na: S k = (1k + (n 1) k ) + ( 2k + (n 2) k ) + ... +
2 2
#n
#n
#n
S k #n .
n.(n + 1)
n +1
M
.
, n = 1 Sk #
2
2
Tm li ta c pcm.
1
.x + 1 = 0.
Cu 3: C: x 3 + p.x 2 + p 1 +
p
2
[x (1 p )]. ( p 1).x + ( p 1).x + 1 = 0
x = 1 p
(*)
2
( p 1).x + ( p 1).x + 1 = 0
phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht h (*) c nghim duy nht
Phng trnh (1) v nghim hoc phng trnh (1) c nghim kp x1 = x2 = 1 p .
Kt hp vi iu kin p > 1, p ta tm c cc gi tr ca p tha mn bi ra l
p = 2,3,4 .
x3 + y 3 + x 2 .( y + z ) = xyz + 14 (1)
2
2
2
( x + y + z ). .(x y ) + .( y z ) + .( z x ) + x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 0
2
2
2
x + y + z = 0
x = y = z = 0
R rng x = y = z = 0 khng phi l nghim ca h cho.
Vy ta c: x + y + z = 0 thay vo (1), ( 2) & (3) ta c:
y 3 = xyz + 14
y 3 = z 3 + 35
y 3 = z 3 + 35
3
3
3
x 3 = z 3 + 28
z = xyz 21 x = z + 28
x 3 = xyz + 7
( z 3 + 21) 3 = ( z 3 + 35).( z 3 + 28).z 3
( z 3 + 21) 3 = x 3 y 3 z 3
126
y 3 = z 3 + 35
y = 2
3
3
x = z + 28 x = 1 (tha mn).
z = 3
z 3 = 27
Vy nghim ca h cho l: x = 1, y = 2, z = 3.
Cu 5a: Gi O,I ln lt l tm ng trn bng
tip gc A, ng trn ni tip ca tam gic ABC.
*Thun:
H MI ', MH , MK ln lt vung gc vi
cc ng thng AB,BC,CA.
'
l =C
l = HMK
n (1)
MH = B
C: In
M: MH 2 = MI ' .MK
MH MK
(2).
=
MI ' MH
127
=
MH 2 = MI ' .MK
'
MH
MI
*Kt: Qu tch im M cn tm l ng trn ng knh IO.
Cu 5b:
128
Vng 1:
Cu 1:
a.Tnh
2 + 3. 2 + 2 + 3 . 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 . 2 2 + 2 + 3 .
b.CMR: Nu a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + ab + bc + ca = 0 th a = b = c = 0 .
Cu 2:
Cu 3: CMR:
43
1
1
1
44
<
+
+ ... +
<
44 2. 1 + 1. 2 3. 2 + 2. 3
2002. 2001 + 2001. 2002 45
a.T gic MPOQ ni tip ng trn (V) v (V) i qua hai im c nh.
b.Khi M di chuyn trn x y th tch OK.OM khng i v im K di chuyn trn
mt ng trn c nh.
Hng dn gii:
Cu 1: Bn c t gii.
Cu 2:
C:
129
Tc l: AAi A1A2 ( i = 3, n ).
Khi ng trn (A1,R) vi R > A1A2 l ng trn cn tm.
Cu 3:
Nhn xt:
vi k * .
(k + 1). k + k . k + 1
k
k +1
Cho k = 1,2..., 2001 ta c:
1
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
= 1
2. 1 + 1. 2 3. 2 + 2. 3
2002. 2001 + 2001. 2002
2002
43
1
44
< 1
<
.
D thy :
44
2002 45
Cu 4:
a.(V) lun i qua O v H (H l chn ng vung gc h t O xung x y).
b.C: OK .OM = R 2 .
Gi L l giao im ca OH v PQ.
OL OK
R2
=
OL.OH = OK .OM = R 2 OL =
= const.
OLK ~ OMH
OM OH
OH
L c nh K thuc ng trn c nh: ng trn ng knh OL.
130
Vng 2:
Cu 1: Tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh:
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
=
1.2 2.3
x.( x + 1)
2001 x + 2001
2001 x + 2002
Cu 2: Cho a thc : P = ( x + y + z ) x 3 y 3 z 3 .Chng t:
a.Nu P = 0 th (x11 + y 11 )( y 7 + z 7 )(z 2001 + x 2001 ) = 0.
b.Nu x, y, z l cc s nguyn cng chn l th P # 24.
3
a b c
+ + = 0.
x y z
Tm gi tr nh nht ca P vi P = x + y + z.
n = 450 quay xung quanh B sao cho Bx
Cu 4: Cho hnh vung ABCD cnh a. Mt gc xBy
ct cnh AD ti M, By ct cnh CD N (M v N khng trng vi D).Gi E, F
tng ng l giao im ca BM, BN vi AC.
a.Chng t: Cc t gic ABFM, BCNE, MEFN ni tip ng trn.
b.Chng t: MN lun tip xc vi mt ng trn c nh v chu vi ca tam gic
MND khng i.
c.Tm v tr ca M, N v nu cch dng cc im tam gic MND c din
tch ln nht.
Hng dn gii:
Cu 1: Bn c t gii.
Cu 2: Ch : (x + y + z ) x 3 y 3 z 3 = 3.( x + y ).( y + z ).( z + x ) x, y, z R.
2
a b c
Cu 3:C: ( x + y + z ) = ( x + y + z ). + + a + b + c .
x y z
b
c
a
x = a .( a + b + c )
x2 = y2 = z2
ng thc xy ra
y = b .( a + b + c )
a + b + c = 1
x y z
z = c .( a + b + c )
3
Vy Pmin =
a+ b+ c .
131
4a 2 = MD + ND + MD 2 + ND 2
2
) MD + ND + MD +2ND
2
1
1
2
= 1 +
.(MD + ND ) 4.1 +
.MD.ND
2
2
a2
2 + 1 .2
n = NBC
n = 22,50 .
ng thc xy ra MD = ND MBA
132
Vng 1:
Cu 1: Tm cc gi tr nguyn x,y tha mn ng thc: ( y + 2 ) .x 2 + 1 = y 2 .
Cu 2:
1.Cho AM =
a
, tnh din tch hnh thang vung EE'F'F theo a.
2
xyz
.
( x + y ).( y + z ).( z + x)
Hng dn gii:
Cu 1: C: ( y + 2).x 2 + 1 = y 2 ( y + 2).x 2 = y 2 1 (1).
D thy: y 2 nn:
2 < y 1
y2 1
2
(1) x =
0 nn
y+2
y 1
( 2 y + 4 )# ( y + 2 )
133
y = 1
y = 3
3# ( y + 2 )
y =1
y = 5
x = 0, y = 1
Cui cng ta c cc cp nghim tha mn l:
x = 0, y = 1
Cu 2:
x.(3x + 1) 0
1.iu kin:
x.( x 1) 0
C:
x.(3 x + 1) x.( x 1) = 2. x 2
1
x =
3
x = 1
x = 0
1
x =
3
2
x + xy + 2 = 3 x + y (1)
2.C: 2
2
x + y = 2 (2)
T (1) suy ra: x 2 + ( y 3) .x + 2 y = 0 .
Coi y l phng trnh vi bin s l x. Ta c:
x = 1
3 y ( y 1)
2
2
nn:
= ( y 3) 4.( 2 y ) = ( y 1) x1, 2 =
2
x = 2 y
x = 1
Nh vy (1)
x = 2 y
134
x = 1, y = 1
Tm li ta c nghim
x = 1, y = 1
Cu 3:
1. H OI, OK ln lt vung gc vi MF,ME.
15.a
1
1
D thy: OI = OK = .OM = .a; IF = OF 2 OI 2 =
.
4
4
2
3
3.a
IM
M:
= Cos 30 0 =
IM =
2
4
OM
3 + 15 .a
.
FM = FI + IM =
4
3 + 45
'
0
.a
MF = Cos 30 .MF =
8
Ta c:
(1)
FF ' = Sin30 0.MF = 3 + 15 .a
C:
EK = OE 2 OK 2 =
15
.a
4
EM = EK MK
hay:
45 3
.a
ME ' = Cos 30 0.ME =
3.a
15 3
8
EM = EK
=
.a .Ta c:
( 2)
4
4
15
3
8
1 15. 3.a 2
T (1)&(2) ta c: S EE ' E ' F = ( EE ' + F ' F ).E ' F ' . =
(vdt).
2
32
2. H AL, BQ EF; AH, BT ln lt vung gc vi ME ,MF.
Xt M nm trn on AO:
Ko di FM ct (O) ti V (V F).
(Ch :Trng hp M nm trn on BO, ta ko di
EM ct (O) v chng minh hon ton tng t.)
n = BMF
n=n
n = VMO
n.
AMV EMO
C: EMA
Ta s chng t: EM = VM . Tht vy:
-Nu EM < VM th: Trn EM ly K sao cho MK = MV .
Khi :
MVO = MKO (c.g .c)
OV = OK m OV = OE OK = OE K O EM = VM (V l).
-Nu EM > VM th hon ton tng t ta cng dn n iu v l nh trn.
Tm li EM = VM .
135
p = VA
o EFA
n = VFA
n.
EAM = VAM (c.g.c) EA = VA EA
Li c:
n
n + BFV
n = 900
AFB = 900 VFA
n + BFQ
n = 1800 (VFA
n + BFV
n ) = 900 EFA
n + BFQ
n = VFA
n + BFV
n
EFA
n = BFT
n FBT = FBQ BQ = BT = 1 .BM
BFQ
2
1
Tng t: AL = AH = . AM
2
1
T suy ra : AL + BQ = .( AM + BM ) = a
2
a
Vy EF lun tip xc vi ng trn (O; ) .
2
1 1
1 1
1 1
C: x. + + y. + + z. + = 2
z x
y z
x y
136
-Nu x + y = 0 x = y m x 3 + y 3 + z 3 = 1 z = 1 P = 1.
-Nu y + z = 0 z = y m x 3 + y 3 + z 3 = 1 x = 1 P = 1.
-Nu z + x = 0 x = z m x 3 + y 3 + z 3 = 1 y = 1 P = 1.
Tm li P=1.
Cu 5:
xyz
xyz
1
= .
( x + y ).( y + z ).( z + x) 2. xy .2. yz .2. zx 8
ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi x = y = z .
1
Tm li Mmax = .
8
Ta c: M =
137
Vng 2:
Cu 1:
ax + by = 3
2
2
ax + by = 5
Cu 3: Cho a ,b, x, y R tha mn : 3
3
ax + by = 9
ax 4 + by 4 = 17
1.Cu tr li l: Khng!
1
1
Vi a = b = , c ch ta c:
2
2
1
f ( x) = .x.( x + 1) + c . R rng vi x th x.( x + 1) # 2 f ( x) khi x .
2
2.
Vi y = 0 ta c x = 1 .
Vi y > 0 : t
y + 1 = t > 1. Khi : x 2 = y 2 + y + 1 = (t 2 1) + t
2
138
t:
x + 1 = t 0.
C: 4. x + 1 = x 2 5 x + 14 hay 4t = (t 2 1) 5.(t 2 1) + 14
(t 2) 2 .(t 2 + 4t + 5) = 0 t = 2.
T ta tm c x = 3 l gi tr cn tm.
2
Cu 3:
C:
5.( x + y ) = (ax 2 + by 2 ).( x + y ) = ax3 + by 3 + (ax + by ).xy = 9 + 3xy
5.( x + y ) 3xy = 9 45.( x + y ) 27 xy = 81 (1).
C:
9.( x + y ) = (ax3 + by 3 ).( x + y ) = ax 4 + by 4 + (ax 2 + by 2 ).xy = 17 + 5 xy
9.( x + y ) 5 xy = 17 45.( x + y ) 25 xy = 85 (2).
T (1)&(2) 2 xy = 85 81 xy = 2 thay vo (1) x + y = 3 .
x = 2, y = 1
T ta tm c cc cp ( x, y ) tha mn bi ra l:
x = 1, y = 2
ax + by = 3
2 a + b = 3
a = 1
-Nu x = 2, y = 1 ta c: 2
2
4 a + b = 5
b = 1
ax + by = 5
A = 33; B = 1 + 2 2001.
-Nu x = 1, y = 2 tng t ta c: A = 33; B = 1 + 2 2001.
Cu 4:
n = HAO
n = HMO
n = NMO
n v:
C: HAB
n = HBO
n = HNO
n = MNO
n
HBA
HAB vung H
HO = AO = OB HMO = AMO , HON = BON .
C:
AI AM MH
=
=
HI // AM HK AB (1).
IN BN
HN
n = NHB
n = NOH
nn
n = HBA
n (2) .
ABE = HNO
C: MEB
T (1)&(2) suy ra:
HB i xng vi EB qua AB.
Li c: H HB, K EB.
139
AHB = n
AKB n
AKB = 900 .
M HK AB H i xng vi K qua AB n
Suy ra K thuc ng trn ng knh AB.
Cu 5:
nh s cc ng tin t 1 ti 2001 theo chiu quay ca kim ng h.
Ln 1:i mt cc ng 1,2,3,4,5
Ln 2:i mt cc ng 2,3,4,5,6
...
Ln 1998:i mt cc ng 1998,1999,2000,2001,1
Ln 1999:i mt cc ng 1999,2000,2001,1,2
Ln 2000:i mt cc ng 2000,2001,1,2,3
Ln 2001:i mt cc ng 2001,1,2,3,4
Nh vy mi ng ta i mt 5 ln tt c cc ng tin sau ln lt th 2001 u
mt .
*Nhn xt: Ci kh ca bi ton l vic nh hng ban u cho cu hi:C hay Khng.
Cng vn l tng trn, song ta s din t ci ca mnh theo cch khc.Sau y l
mt v d:
Ta nh s 2001 ng tin t 1 n 2001 theo chiu quay ca kim ng h.
Bc 1:Lt 2000 ng t ng 1 dn 2000 th ng 1 n 2000 mu , cn ng 2001
mu xanh.
Bc 2: Lt 2000 ng 2001,1,2..n 1999 (tr ng 2000 l khng lt)
th ng 1 n 1999 mu xanh, ng 2000 v 2001 mu .
Bc 3: Lt 2000 ng 2000,2001,1,...n 1998 th ng 1 n 1998 mu cn ng
1999,2000,2001 mu xanh.
Bc 4: Lt 2000 dng 1999,2000,...1997 th ng 1 n 1997 mu xanh, cn ng 1998
n 2001 mu .
Bc 5: lt ng 1998 ,1999,..n 1996 th ng 1 n 1996 mu cn ng 1997 n
2001 mu xanh.
Bc 6: lt 5 ng 1997 n 2001 th ta c 2001 ng .
Vy p n l c th.
140
141
Vng 1:
Cu 1: Cho phng trnh: x 2 mx + m 1 = 0 c hai nghim x1 , x2 .
3x12 + 3x 22 3
.
x12 .x 2 + x 22 .x1
1 y2
+
= 4. Xc nh x,y tch x.y
4
x2
t gi tr nh nht.
x 2 + 2 xy + 3 y 2 = 9
Cu 3: Gii h phng trnh: 2
2 x + 2 xy + y 2 = 2
Cu 4: Cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (O). Tia phn gic trong ca gc A ct
ng trn (O) ti im M.
m 0
1. iu kin: x 22 .x1 + x12 .x 2 0 x1 x 2 .( x1 + x 2 ) = m.(m 1) 0
m 1
142
Ta c: M =
Cu 2: p dng BT C-Si ta c:
1 y2
1 y2
x 2 .y 2
4
4 x 2 .x 2 .
+
4
.
.
=
4
.
4
4
x2
x2 4
2
2
hay 4 x . y 2 xy 2.
4 x2 + x2 +
Vy (xy )min
2
y2
1
x
=
=
4
x2
1 y2
= 2 2 x 2 + 2 +
=4
4
x
xy = 2
x = 1
y = 2
x = 1
y = 2
2 x 2 + 4 xy + 6 y 2 = 18
Cu 3: Ta c: 2
18 x + 18 xy + 9 y 2 = 18
2 x 2 + 4 xy + 6 y 2 = 18
2
2
2 x 2 + 4 xy + 6 y 2 = 18
2 x + 4 xy + 6 y = 18
2 x + y = 0
2
2
16 x + 14 xy + 3 y = 0
(2 x + y ).(8 x + 3 y ) = 0
8 x + 3 y = 0
x = 1, y = 2
x = 1, y = 2
3
x =
,y = 2
4
.
2
3
,y = 2
x =
4. 2
Cu 4:
a. Nhiu bn thc mc khng hiu yu t g l c nh trong bi ton.
Nu tam gic ABC c nh th bi ton tr nn tm thng.
Theo ti hiu th: Tam gic ABC ni tip (O) c y BC c nh ( A di chuyn trn ng
trn c inh (O) ),...
Chng t: Ax i qua mt im c nh.
Khi bi ton s c gii nh sau:
Gi M1 l giao im ca Ax vi (O). Ta chng minh M1 c nh.
143
n
n
n
'
'
'
n=F
F
Ft = FPy
Py = F
AD . Vy AF ' FC l t gic ni tip ng trn (O).
T y d c O,P,D thng hng ( cng thuc trung trc ca EF ).
+ TH2: P nm ngoi (O). Ta c:
ng thng PF ct (O) ti im th hai l K. Ta c:
n
n
n
'
'
'
n=B
n = 1800 KFB
n = 1800 KAB
n = 1800 B
AD v cng
DF
P = DFP
AD ( ch : KAB
n
'
n ) DF
n = 1800
ph vi BAC
P + DAP
n' = DPF
n' = DPB
n' = CB
n
'
T gic ADFP ni tip CAF
F ( ch : CB ' F = DPB ' v
n
' ' '
cng ph vi F
B P ) T gic AFFC ni tip pcm.
Cu 5: Bn c t gii.
144
3 + 1 . 2 3 l s hu t.
x 1 1
K: x 1.
145
a = 2, b = 0
a 1 = 1
Li c:
3
+) Nu 0 a < , c:
2
2
2
22
3. a
6 2a
22
3
3
A = a 2 2a b a 2 2a
=
.
3
3
9
2
2
a = 3
a = 3
2
a
b =
b = 14
3
9
3
+) Nu a 2 , c:
2
Theo gi thit : 2a + b 4 0 b 1. Ta c:
2
7
3
A = a 2a b = (a 1) b 1 1 1 1 = .
4
2
3
a =
ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi
2
b = 1
2
22
7
< .
9
4
22
Vy Amin = .
9
Ch
(a + b )2
5
5
5
a 3b 3 + 2ab 40 < + 2. 40 < 0.
4
2
2
2
3 3
Suy ra: ab. a b + 2ab 40 0
2. Ta c: ab
[
ab.[a b
ab.[a b
]
6ab] 0
4.(a + b) 2 + 2ab 0
4a 4b
2
a 4 b 4 6a 2 b 2 4a 3 b 4b 3 a 0
(a + b) 4 + a 4 b 4 6a 2 b 2 4a 3 b 4b 3 a + 1 (a + b) 4 + 1 = 101
a 4 + b 4 + a 4 b 4 + 1 101
)(
1 + a 4 . 1 + b 4 101(pcm).
146
a = 10 , b = 0
ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi
a = 0, b = 10
Cu 3:
-Nu
m
vi m, n , n 0, (m, n) = 1.
n
m2
m
2t. p = 0 m 2 2t.m.n p.n 2 = 0 m 2 # n m (m, n) = 1 n = 1 .
2
n
n
x1 + x2 = 2t (1)
Theo Vi-et:
x1 + x2 = p (2)
T ( 2) suy ra tn ti mt trong hai s x1 , x2 c gi tr tuyt i l 1.
Ta gi s l x1 : x1 = 1.
(1)
+) Nu x1 = 1 x 2 = p
p = 2t + 1 = 1 + 2. a ( v l v 1 + 2. a khng l s
nguyn t ).
(1)
+) Nu x1 = 1 x 2 = p
p = 1 2t 1 ( v l ).
Tm li vi gi thit ca bi ton th phng trnh cho khng th c nghim hu t.
Cu 4:
a. Chng minh: - MP l phn gic ca gc AIB.
- NQ l phn gic ca gc AID. ( I l giao ca AC v BD ).
b. Tng t c/Cu 4/ 47.
147
p dng BT Svacx:
2
1 4 9 (1 + 2 + 3)
3= + +
a + b + c 12.
a b c
a+b+c
b c
ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi a = = .
2 3
b c
a = =
Nh vy h cho
a = 2, b = 4, c = 6.
2 3
a + b + c = 12
148
Vng 1:
Cu 1:
8 + x + 5 x = 5.
( x + 1).( y + 1) = 8
2. Gii h phng trnh:
x.( x + 1) + y.( y + 1) + xy = 17
Cu 2: Cho a,b,c l di ba cnh ca mt tam gic.
Chng minh rng phng trnh: x 2 + ( a + b + c ) .x + ab + bc + ca = 0 v nghim.
Cu 3:Tm tt c cc s nguyn n sao cho n 2 + 2002 l mt s chnh phng.
1
1
1
+
+
1 + xy 1 + yz 1 + zx
trong x, y, z l cc s dng thay i tha mn iu kin x 2 + y 2 + z 2 3.
S1
khng i khi M v N thay i.
S2
Hng dn gii:
Cu 1:
1. iu kin: 0 x 25 .
Ta c:
8 + x + 5 x = 5.
149
)(
8 + x + 5 x + 2. 8 + x . 5 x = 25
(8 + x )(. 5 x ) = 6
(8 + x )(
. 5 x ) = 36
x = 1.
xy + ( x + y ) = 7
( x + 1).( y + 1) = 8
2. Ta c:
2
x.( x + 1) + y.( y + 1) + xy = 17
( x + y ) xy + ( x + y ) = 17
xy + ( x + y ) = 7
xy + ( x + y ) = 7
2
2
( x + y ) xy + ( x + y ) + ( x + y ) + xy = 24
( x + y ) + 2.( x + y ) + 1 = 25
x + y = 4
x = 1
xy = 3
y = 3
x + y = 6
x = 3
xy = 13
y = 1
Cu 2: a,b,c l di ba cnh mt tam gic nn:
2
a < (c + b) a < a.(c + b)
2
+) Nu y n l s l th y + n cng l s l ( y n ) . ( y + n ) # 2 .
Suy ra ( y n ) . ( y + n ) 2002 .
+) Nu y n l s chn th y + n cng l s chn ( y n ) . ( y + n ) # 4 .
2002# 4 ( V l ).
Vy khng tn ti n tha mn bi ra.
150
= .
2
2
2
(1 + xy ) + (1 + yz ) + (1 + zx) 3 + xy + yz + zx 3 + x + y + z
3+3 2
3
Suy ra: Pmin = t c khi x = y = z = 1 .
2
Cu 5:
151
Vng 2:
Cu 1:
1. iu kin: x 2 3x + 2 0; x + 3 0; x 2 0; x 2 + 2 x 3 0.
Theo bi ra ta c:
( x 1).( x 2) + x + 3 = x 2 + ( x 1).( x + 3)
x 2 .( x 1 1) = x + 3.( x 1 1)
( x 2 x + 3 ).( x 1 1) = 0
x = 2.
152
2. Theo bi ra ta c: ( x + 1).( y + 1) = 10
x + 1 = 2, y + 1 = 5
x + 1 = 2, y + 1 = 5
x + 1 = 1, y + 1 = 10
x + 1 = 1, y + 1 = 10
hay:
x + 1 = 5, y + 1 = 2
x + 1 = 5, y + 1 = 2
x + 1 = 10, y + 1 = 1
x + 1 = 10, y + 1 = 1
T ta c nghim:
x = 1, y = 4
x = 3, y = 6
x = 4, y = 1
x = 6, y = 3
x = 9, y = 0
x = 0, y = 9
x = 11, y = 2
x = 2, y = 11
x 2 + y 2 + xy = 1
Cu 2: Theo bi ra ta c:
( x + y ).(1 2 xy) = x + 3 y
2
2
2
2
x 2 + y 2 + xy = 1
x + y + xy = 1
x + y + xy = 1
y.( x 2 + xy + 1) = 0
y.(2 x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 ) = 0
2 xy.( x + y ) 2 y = 0
x 2 + y 2 + xy = 1
x = 1
y. ( x + y )2 + x 2 = 0
y = 0
Nh vy i j th xi x j v xi {1, 2,3,...,10
} vi ( i = 1,2,...,10 ).
Ta c:
(1 + x1 ) + ( 2 + x2 ) + ... + (10 + x10 ) = 2. (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 10 ) 0 (mod10) (1).
Gi s cc tng (1 + x1 ) , ( 2 + x2 ) ,..., (10 + x10 ) khng tn ti hai tng no c ch s tn
cng ging nhau.
153
t x = b + c a, y = a + c b, z = a + b c ( x,y,z >0).
4.( y + z ) 9.( x + z ) 16.( x + y ) 4 y 9 x 4 z 16 x 9 z 16 y
+
+
=
+ + +
+ +
x
y
z
y x
z y
z
x
4 y 9x
4 z 16 x
9 z 16 y
2.
.
+ 2.
.
+ 2.
.
= 52.
x y
x z
y z
C: 2 P =
b=
4 z 16 x
ng thc xy ra =
z
x
a = 7 c
9 z 16 y
5
y = z
Vy Pmin = 26.
Cu 5:
q
A' P = B
'P
1. D thy IC A'B' IP A'B' q
'
' ' '
C P l phn gic ca gc A C B .
Tng t: A'M l tia phn gic ca
gc C'A'B' ; B'N l phn gic gc C'B'A' .
2
2
IC
2
2
154
= 2r .
IC 2.ID
ID
M Cos
( )
155
Vng 1:
1+
Cu 1: Chng minh ng thc:
3
2
3
1+ 1+
2
3
2
3
1 1
2
= 1.
1
Cu 2: Gii phng trnh: x 3 x 2 x = .
3
x + y = 4z 1
z + x = 4 y 1
Cu 4: Tm tt c cc s c 5 ch s abcde sao cho: 3 abcde = ab .
Cu 5: ng trn (O) ni tip tam gic ABC tip xc vi cc cnh BC,CA v AB theo
th t D,E v F. ng thng vung gc vi OC O ct hai cnh CA v CB ln
lt I v J. Mt im P chuyn ng trn cung nh DE khng cha im F, tip
tuyn ti P ca (O) ct hai cnh CA,CB ln lt M,N.Chng minh rng:
n = ( khng i ), hy xc nh theo cc gc ca ABC.
a. Gc MON
b. Ba tam gic IMO, OMN, JON ng dng vi nhau.T suy ra:
IM .JN = OI 2 = OJ 2 (*)
c. o li, nu M v N l hai im theo th t ly trn hai on thng CE v CD
tha mn h thc (*) th MN tip xc (O).
Hng dn gii:
Cu 1:
Ta c:
3
3
1
1+
2
2
+
=
+
=
3
3
4 + 2. 3
4 2. 3 1 +
1+ 1+
1 1
1+
1
2
2
4
4
1+
3
2
2+ 3
3+ 3
2 3
3 3
3
2
1+
= 1.
156
3
1
2 +
3 +1
1
2
3
2 =
3 1
2
1
.
4
Theo bi ra ta c:
x + y = 4z 1
2.( x + y ) = 2. 4 z 1
y + z = 4 x 1 2.( y + z ) = 2. 4 x 1
2.( z + x) = 2. 4 y 1
z + x = 4 y 1
Cng cc ng thc trn theo v ta c:
4 x + 4 y + 4 z = 2. 4 z 1 + 2. 4 x 1 + 2. 4 y 1
) (
2
4x 1 1 +
) (
4y 1 1 +
4z 1 1 = 0
1
x= y=z= .
2
3
)(
157
ON OM
=
JN
JO
OM ON ON OM
.
.
=
IM .JN = OI .OJ = OI 2 = OJ 2 ( pcm).
IM JN
OI JO
158
Vng 2:
Cu 1: Chng minh rng s : x0 = 2 + 2 + 3 6 3. 2 + 3 l mt nghim ca
Hng dn gii:
Cu 1:
Ta c: 8 2. 3 + 2. 3 = 2. 2
) (
( 2 + 3 ) .( 6 3. 3 ) = ( 2. 2 )
= ( 2. 2 )
2 + 3 + 6 3. 3 + 2.
2 + 3 + 6 3. 3
2 + 3 + 6 3. 3 = 2. 2
159
2+ 3 +
(2 +
8 2. 2 + 3 2.
)(
2 + 3 . 6 3. 2 + 3 = 2. 2
)(
(2 +
2 + 3 . 6 3. 2 + 3 = 8 4. 2
2
2 + 2 + 3 6 3. 2 + 3 = 8 4. 2
x02 = 8 4. 2
x02 8 4. 2 = 0
x02 8 4. 2 . x02 8 + 4. 2 = 0
4
2
x0 16 x0 + 32 = 0
Cu 2: C:
y 8
3
3x 6
3x 6 y 8 3
P = .( x + y ) + + + + .6 + 2.
. + 2. . = 19.
2
2 x
2 y
2 x 2 y 2
ng thc xy ra khi x = 2, y = 4 .
Vy Pmin = 19 .
Cu 3: Gi s s p n trong biu din thp phn c nhiu nht hai ch s ging nhau.
Theo gi thit p n c 20 ch s.
S p n c 2 ch s 0, 2 ch s 1,..., 2 ch s 9.
p n 2. ( 0 + 1 + 2 + ... + 9 ) 0 (mod 3) .
p n # 3 p# 3 ( v l ).
Vy iu gi s trn l sai pcm.
Cu 4:
1.
+ Nu I [MN] th:
1
1
C: S ABI = .S ABC = . ( S ABI + S ACI + SCBI )
2
2
S ABI = S ACI + S BCI (pcm).
+ Nu I[MN] th:
Gi s I nm trn tia i ca tia NM. C:
S ACI = S ANC + S ANI + S INC = S ABI + S IBN + S INC
S ACI = S ABI + S BCI (pcm).
160
abc
(R l bn knh ng trn ngoi tip).
4R
=
+
4R
4R
4R
IA
IB IC
Cu 5: t bi = ai +1 ai ( i = 1, n + 1 ) ( bi * ).
Phn chng:
ai a j n
Ta gi s:
i, j : 1 j < i n + 2
ai a j 2n
D thy c rng: an + 2 a1 n + 1.
rng: an + 2 a1 3n 1 .
Bng phn chng ta hon ton chng minh c: Lun tn ti mt s k m:
a k +1 a1 n
trong 0 < k < n .
a k + 2 a1 2n
a 2 a1 < a3 a1 < ... < a k +1 a1 n
Khi ta c:
2n a k + 2 a1 < a k +3 a1 < ... < a n + 2 a1
Suy ra:
b1 n
b + b n
2
1
.....
b1 + b2 + ... + bk n
b + b + ... + b 2n
2
k +1
1
.....
b1 + b2 + ... + bn +1 2n
161
x2
3
1
1
2
+ x
= x , vi iu kin x
.
4x
4x
2
Theo gi thit x + y = 2 . Ta c:
162
A = x3 + y 3 + 2 xy = ( x + y ) 3xy. ( x + y ) + 2 xy
3
=
8 6 xy + 2 xy = 8 4 xy 8 ( x + y ) =4.
Du = xy ra x = y kt hp vi gi thit x + y = 2 ta c x = y = 1.
Vy Amin = 4 khi x = y = 1.
2
Cu 2:
x1 + x2 = 5 p
x .x = 1
1 2
a. p dng nh l Vi-et cho hai phng trnh cho ta c:
x3 + x4 = 4 p
x3 .x4 = 1
Ta c:
( x1 x3 ) . ( x2 x3 ) . ( x1 + x4 ) . ( x2 + x4 ) = x1 x2 ( x1 + x2 ) .x3 + x32 . x1 x2 + ( x1 + x2 ) .x4 + x42
= x32 + 5 p.x3 1 . x42 5 p.x4 1 = x32 + 4 p.x3 1 + p.x3 . x42 + 4 p.x4 1 9 p.x4 =
=0
=0
= 9 p 2 . ( x3 x4 ) = 9 p 2 . ( 1) = 9 p 2 (dpcm).
b. Gi s m = 95k + 25 = 97q + 11 (k , q : 106 > k > 94; 103 > q > 92) .
Ta c: 95k + 25 = 97q + 11 2q + 11 25 (mod 95) 2q + 11 = 95t + 25 .
Suy ra t phi l s chn. t t = 2t ' . Khi : q = 95t '+ 7 m
103 > q > 92 t ' = 1 q = 102 m = 9905 (tha mn).
Vy m = 9905.
Cu 3:
( x 1) . ( x a ) + 1 = ( x 2 ) . ( x + b ) ( b + a 1) .x ( a + 1 2b ) = 0
(*)
a + 1 + 2b = 0
b = 2
a = 3
Th li thy vi
phng trnh cho nhn x = 30, x = 3, x = 2007 l nghim.
b = 2
Vy a = 3, b = 2.
163
b. Ta c:
x2
3
1
1
2
+ x
= x , vi iu kin x
.
4x
4x
2
2 1
=a0
x
4x
t
Theo bi ra ta c:
1
x
=b0
4x
3
3
a + b = x
a + b = x
2
2
(
)
(
)
x
x
2 2
2
.
.
1
a
b
a
b
x
x
+
=
2
2
(
)
(
)
(
)
a
b
x
x
3
a + b = x
2
(x
)
2
a b = x 1
1
1 1
4x2 1 1
=
=
Suy ra: ( a + b ) ( a b ) = x ( x 1) b = x
2
4x 2
4x
4
1 17
Loi
x =
8
2
4x x 1 = 0
1 + 17
Tha mn
x =
8
1 + 17
.
Vy nghim ca phng trnh l: x =
8
Cu 4:
- Trc ht ta chng minh vung kch thc 1 1 hon ton b ph bi ng trn c
3
bn knh l . Tht vy:
A
B
4
Xt hnh vung ABCD c kch thc l 1 1 .
O
2 3
Khi ta c: OA =
< .
D
2
4
C
3
V vy, vung ABCD s b ph kn bi ng trn O; (pcm).
4
- Ta chng minh: Nu c 4 im m khng c 3 im no thng
hng th s tn ti 3 im trong 4 im to thnh mt tam
gic c t nht mt gc khng vt qu 450 . Tht vy:
Gi s c 4 im A,B,C,D.
- Nu 4 im cho to thnh mt t gic li (hnh v).
Khi :
n+n
n + CDA
n = 3600 .
Ta c: DAB
ABC + BCD
V vy, s tn ti mt gc trong bn gc trn khng ln hn 900 .
164
B
D
C
D
C
B
Cu 5:
a. Ta c:
+CAN +CMA ( g g )
CA CN
=
CN .CM = CA2 = const (dpcm).
CM CA
b.
-Phn tch: Gi s dng c im M tha mn yu
cu ca bi ton.
Nh vy : AM > BM nn M nm trn na mt
phng cha B b l ng thng OC
(trung trc ca AB).
AB
Trn AM ly K sao cho: AK =
.
3
Suy ra: MK = MB +MKB l tam gic cn M.
Ta c:
0
n
n + MBK
n = + 180 =
AKB = KMB
2
0
180 +
1
=
( = Sd q
AmB)
2
2
Suy ra: K thuc cung cha gc
165
N H
C
1800 +
dng trn on AB cng pha
2
vi cung ln vi b l ng thng AB.
- Cch dng:
1800 +
AB
+ Dng (A,
) ct cung cha gc
dng
2
3
trn on AB (cng pha
vi cung ln vi b l ng thng AB )ti K.
+ Ko di AK ct (O) ti im M ( M A ).
+ M l im cn dng.
- Chng minh: Bn c t chng minh.
- Kt lun: Bi ton c 1 nghim hnh.
K
A
H
C
166
Mc lc
1: Thi Chuyn Hng Vng(2000-2001) vng 1.............................................1
2: Thi Chuyn Hng Vng(2000-2001) vng 2.............................................4
3: Thi S Phm I(2000-2001) vng 1...............................................................8
4: Thi S Phm I(2000-2001) vng 2.............................................................10
5: Thi Tng Hp (1999-2000) vng 1.............................................................12
6: Thi Tng Hp (1999-2000) vng 2.............................................................16
7: Thi Chuyn Hng Vng (1999-2000) vng1............................................19
8: Thi Chuyn Hng Vng (1999-2000) vng2............................................21
9: Thi S Phm I (1999-2000) vng 1.............................................................24
10: Thi S Phm I (1999-2000) vng 2...........................................................28
11: Thi S Phm I (1997-1998) vng 1...........................................................33
12: Thi S Phm I (1997-1998) vng 2...........................................................35
13: Thi Tng Hp (1997-1998) vng 1............................................................38
14: Thi Tng Hp (1997-1998) vng 2............................................................41
15: Thi Chuyn Hng Vng (1997-1998) vng 1..........................................44
16: Thi Chuyn Hng Vng (1997-1998) vng 2..........................................46
17: Thi Tng Hp (1995-1996) vng 1............................................................48
18: Thi Tng Hp (1995-1996) vng 2............................................................50
19: Thi Hc Sinh Gii Cp Tnh (1999-2000)................................................ 52
20: Thi Hc Sinh Gii Cp Tnh (1998-1999)................................................ 55
21: Thi Tng Hp (1991-1992) vng 1............................................................57
22: Thi Tng Hp (1991-1992) vng 2............................................................61
23: Thi Tng Hp (1992-1993) Chuyn L-Ha............................................ 64
24: Thi Tng Hp (1992-1993) vng 1............................................................67
25: Thi Tng Hp (1992-1993) vng 2........................................................... 70
26: Thi S Phm I(1998-1999) vng 1.............................................................74
27: Thi S Phm I(1998-1999) vng 2.............................................................77
28: Thi Tng Hp (1998-1999) vng 1.............................................................80
29: Thi Tng Hp (1998-1999) vng 2.............................................................83
30: Thi Tng Hp (2000-2001) vng 1.............................................................87
31: Thi Tng Hp (2000-2001) vng 2.............................................................91
32: Thi Tng Hp (1996-1997) vng 1.............................................................94
33: Thi Tng Hp (1996-1997) vng 2.............................................................96
34: Thi S Phm I(1996-1997) vng 1.............................................................100
35: Thi S Phm I(1996-1997) vng 2.............................................................103
36: Thi Chuyn Hng Vng(1999-2000) Chuyn L.....................................106
37: Thi Chuyn Hng Vng(1998-1999) vng 1............................................108
38: Thi Chuyn Hng Vng(1998-1999) vng 2............................................110
39: Thi Chuyn Hng Vng(1995-1996) vng 1........................................... 114
40: Thi Chuyn Hng Vng(1995-1996) vng 2............................................118
41: Thi S Phm I(2001-2002) vng 1..............................................................121
42: Thi S Phm I(2001-2002) vng 2..............................................................124
43: Thi Chuyn Hng Vng(2001-2002) vng 1............................................129
44: Thi Chuyn Hng Vng(2001-2002) vng 2............................................131
45: Thi Tng Hp (2001-2002) vng 1.............................................................133
167
168