Switched Reluctance Motor

for Electrical Drives of

Electric Power Plants Equipment

Vladimir Kuzmichev
MPEI(TU), ORGRES

Contents
l
l
l
l
l

Overview of Switched Reluctance Motors

Electrical Drives Structure of Electric Power
Plants
Development Strategy of RAO UES Russia
Main Purposes and Stages of the Project
Some Results of my Work

Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University)

General Information
MPEI consists of 7 Technical Institutes

Institute of Electrical Power Engineering

and Mechanics
Institute of Heat-Power Engineering and
Technical Physics
Institute of Power Engineering Efficiency
Problems
Institute of Electrical Engineering
Institute of Electrical Power Engineering
Institute of Automatics and Computer
Engineering
Institute of Radio Engineering and
Electronics

Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University)

General Information
There are

70 Departments
550 educational laboratories
students
100 research laboratories

for

in MPEI
MPEI is

more than 1500 professors,

associated professors and lecturers
10 000 Russian students
nearly 500 foreign students from
40 countries
500 Ph.D. students

Joint Stock Company

"Firm ORGRES for adjustment, improvement of
technology and operation of power plants and
networks"
Now ORGRES is a part of Russia
Joint Stock Company Unified
Energy System of Russia.
Staff of the firm consists of 570
persons. Most of them are
engineers.
Firm ORGRES is accredited by Gosstandart of Russia as directing
agency for certification of the domestic and imported equipment,
as well as communication facilities intended for use within power
industry of the Russian Federation

Joint Stock Company

"Firm ORGRES for adjustment, improvement of
technology and operation of power plants and
networks"
Services
ORGRES performs all kinds of professional services in the field
utilization of new equipment, advanced technologies and
improvement of operation of power equipment at stages of
designing, construction, putting into operation and operation :
Management
Testing
Diagnostics
Staff training
Energy audit

Consulting
Licensing
Supervision
Commissioning
Operation organizational

Core activities
Thermal power plants and water-heating boilers
Hydroelectric power plants
Backbone and distribution electric networks
District-heating networks

Structure Flowchart of
Switched Reluctance Motor

Inductor Machine Construction

Main features of IM
l salient-pole rotor and
stator
l concentrated stator
winding
l rotor hasnt got any
winding

Principle of operation

Principle of operation

Advantages of Switched Reluctance

Motor
l Simplicity

and reducibility of construction

l Low manufacturing and operating costs
l Fault tolerance
l High torque/inertia ratio and efficiency

SRD Applications

SRD Applications

SRD Applications

SRD Applications

SRD Applications

Disadvantages of Switched
Reluctance Motor
l High

level of torque ripple

l High level of acoustical noise

Electrical motors for controlvelocity drives (1990)

3%

1%

1%
23 %

10 %
62 %

Induction motors
Direct current motors
Switched reluctance motors

Synchronous permanent magnets motors

Brashles motors
Other type of motors

Electrical motors for controlvelocity drives (2001)

2%
8%
9%
0%

50 %
31 %

Induction motors

Synchronous permanent magnets motors

Direct current motors

Brashles motors

Switched reluctance motors

Other type of motors

Main equipment of Electric Power

Plants
lBlow

fan
lCoal-handling facility
lFeed pump
lSmoke exhauster
lBuster pump

Development Strategy of RAO

UES Russia
l
l

Replacement up to 50% of power plants

equipment
Replacement all traditional drives on
variable drives

Purposes of the Project

l Development

accurate and fast

mathematical model of SRM
l Development of program for
designing and simulation of SRM
l Designing SRMs for electrical power
plant equipment
l Characteristics Comparison of
induction motor and SRM

Everest
l Designing

of SRM
l Calculation of magnetization curves
l Calculation of inductance waveforms
l Calculation of torque waveforms

Everest

Everest (Input of the initial data)

Everest (Designing of phase coil)

Everest (Input initial geometry data)

Everest (Input steel properties)

Everest (Input calculation parameters)

Everest (Result of SRM weight calculation)

Everest (Magnetization curves)

Everest (Phase inductance waveforms)

Everest (Torque waveforms)

SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR

WITH ASIMMETRICAL MAGNETIC SYSTEM
(3-phase 12/4 SRD)
12/4 SRM

12/8 SRM

Main Dimensions of Tested Motors

Dimension

Motor
3-phase 12/4

3-phase 12/8

Stator outer diameter, mm

183

183

Stator inner diameter, mm

104

104

Stator pole arc, degree

12.5

12.5

Stator pole depth, mm

23

23

Rotor outer diameter, mm

103.4

103.4

Rotor inner diameter, mm

50

50

Rotor pole arc, degree

46/12.5

16

Rotor pole depth, mm

12

12

Stack length, mm

80

80

Air gap length, mm

0.3

0.3

Rated parameters of the tested motors

Motor
Rated value

3-phase
12/4

3-phase
12/8

Power, kW

2.8

Speed, rpm

3000

3000

Voltage, V

150

400

92

Efficiency, %

Inductance waveforms of 12/4 SRM

50

Induc tanc e , L(mH)

45

I=10 A

40

I=15 A

35

I=5 A

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0

10

15

20
25
Ang le , (de g re e )

30

35

40

Inductance waveforms of 12/8 SRM

Inductance, L (mH)

60
50

I=5 A
I= 10 A

40

I=15 A

30
20
10
0
0

10

15

Angle , (de gre e )

20

25

Phase mutual inductance, (mVs)

Phase mutual inductance waveforms

of 12/4 SRM
12

I=5 A

10

I=15 A
I=10 A

8
6
4
2
0
0

10

20
Angle, (degree)

30

40

Static torque waveforms of 12/4 SRM

8

I=10 A
I=15 A
I=5 A

To rque , T (Nm)

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0

10

15

20
Ang le , (de g re e )

25

30

35

40

Static torque waveforms of 12/8 SRM

20

I=5 A
I=10 A
I=15 A

To rque , T (Nm)

18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0

10

15

Ang le , (de g re e )

20

25

To rque , T (Nm)

Instantaneous torque waveforms of

12/4 SRM
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0,0000

0,0010

0,0020

0,0030

Time , t (s )

0,0040

0,0050

Instantaneous Torque Waveforms

of 12/8 SRM
35

To rque , T (Nm)

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0,0000

0,0005

0,0010

0,0015

Time , t (s )

0,0020

0,0025

Harmonic spectrum of the torque

waveforms of 12/4 SRM
Amplitude of the k-harmonic, T (Nm)

15

10

Kk
5

10

15

k
Harmonic number, k

20

25

Harmonic spectrum of the torque

waveforms of 12/8 SRM
Amplitude of the k-harmonic, T (Nm)

30

30

20

Kk
10

0
0

10

15

k
Harmonic number, k

20

25

25

Harmonic spectrum of the torque

waveforms of tested SRMs in per units
Amplitude of the k-harmonic, T (pu)

1.1

Garm12_4

Garm12_8

0.5

10

15

k
Harmonic number, k

20

25

25

Curre nt, I (A)

Current waveforms of 12/4 SRM

45,00
40,00
35,00
30,00
25,00
20,00
15,00
10,00
5,00
0,00
0,0000

0,0010

0,0020

0,0030
Time , t (s )

0,0040

0,0050

0,0060

Current waveforms of 12/8 SRM

Phas e c urre nt, I ()

30,00
25,00
20,00
15,00
10,00
5,00
0,00
0,0000

0,0005

0,0010

0,0015

Time , t (s )

0,0020

0,0025

0,0030

Harmonic spectrum of the current

waveforms of 12/4 SRM
Amplitude of the k-harmonic, I (A)

25
20

Kk
10

10

15

k
Harmonic number, k

20

25

25

Harmonic spectrum of the current

waveforms of 12/8 SRM
Amplitude of the k-harmonic, I (A)

15

15

10
Kk

0
1

10

15

k
Harmonic number, k

20

25
25

Harmonic spectrum of the current

waveforms of tested SRMs in per units
Amplitude of the k-harmonic, I (pu)

1.5

1.5

Garm12_4

Garm12_8

0.5

10

15

k
Harmonic number, k

20

25

25

Conclusion
Research results have shown that the new type
SRD:
l supports more effective electromechanical
conversion of energy;
l has more high mutual inductance;
l has approximately two times lower average static
torque;
l has two time lower voltage pulses frequency;
l has approximately two time lower rated power;
l has lower torque ripple;
l has lower level vibration
than the conventional SRD.

Optimization of SRM by Genetic Algorithm.

General Flowchart
Beginning
Prepare primary population
Calculation of populations average cost function
Generation of a new population
Selection, crossover, mutation
No

Exit condition
Yes
End

Prepare Preliminary Population Flowchart

Beginning
i=1
Individual[i]=RealToBinary(RND*2CL)
i=i+1
No

i>Population Size
Yes

End

Calculation of populations average cost

function. Generation of a new population
Beginning

Fave=

PopulationSize
1
Fi

PopulationSize
i =1

i=1, m=0
Copies=INT(Fi/Fave)
No

Copies>0
j=1, m=m+1

Yes

IndividualNP[m]=IndividualOP[i]
No

j=j+1
j>Copies

i=i+1
No

i>Population Size

Yes
Yes

End

Selection Flowchart
Beginning
i=0
Father=IndividualNP(INT(RND+PopulationSize))
Mother=IndividualNP(INT(RND+PopulationSize))

Crossover, mutation
i=i+2
No

i>Population Size
Yes

End

Crossover Flowchart
Beginning
Son=Father
Daughter=Mother
i=1
Position=INT(RND*ChromosomeLength )
Son[Position]=Mother[Position]
Mutation
Daughter[Position]=Father[Position]
Mutation

i=i+1
No

i>BitSize
End

Yes

Mutation Flowchart
Beginning
No

0.5<RND<0.5+PM

Yes

Bit=INT[RND*ChromosomeLength]
Individual[Bit]=Individual[not(Bit)]
End