Professional Documents
Culture Documents
NHNG VN CHUNG
1. Trang b tin nghi trong cng trnh dn dng ngy cng chim vai tr quan trng trong vic u t v xy dng cng
trnh.
1.1 S pht trin cng ngh v nhng ng dng cng ngh phc v i sng con ngi.
Trc y chng hn mt th k , hu ht dn c nc ta u thp n du , cha bit in l g . Ngay cch y hai mi nhm
nm c cu chuyn chng ta m c c tht ln Ngh Tnh ct trong t lnh Nam H v ngy nay , tht ln ca chng ta tiu dng
phi l tht nc. Hu nh mi nh thnh ph u c TV. Vido dn dn khng c chung na m phi dng u a
compact ,VCD, DCD . S pht trin cng ngh v ng dng cng ngh mi phc v con ngi lm cho kin trc s v k s
xy dng phi c thi nghim tc khi thit k v trang b nh v nh dn dng.
1.2 Ngi nh thng minh , phn nh su th thi i.
u nhng nm 1980 trn th gii bt u ni n khi nim " ngi nh thng minh ". Nhiu nh l lun kin trc a ra nhng
nh ngha v " ngi nh thng minh " t ch cha tho ng n ng dn . Lc u c ngi nu rng " ngi nh thng minh l
ngi nh m mi th u thu ht". Hi tho quc t v " ngi nh thng minh " t chc vo hai ngy 28 v 29 thng Nm nm
1985 Toronto ( Canaa ) a ra khi nim " ngi nh thng minh kt hp s i mi theo cng ngh vi s qun l kho lo
khin cho thu hi n ti a c vn u t b ra". Ngi nh khng ch l ni ngh ngi sau gi lao ng ti sn xut sc lao
ng m ngi hin i phi lun lun tip cn c vi mi ngi , vi cng vic , vi th gii vo bt k lc no v bt k v
tr no trong ngi nh. Ngi nh l s kt hp ti u ho 4 nhn t c bn l : kt cu ti u , h thng ti u , dch v ti u ,
v qun l c ti u v quan h cht ch gia cc nhn t ny. Ngi nh thng minh phi l ni h tr c cho ch doanh
nghip , nh qun l ti sn , nhng ngi s dng nh thc hin c mc tiu ca h trong lnh vc chi ph , tin nghi , thch hp
, an ton , mm do lu di v c tnh cht th trng .
Ngi nh thng minh l ngi nh gn lin vi cng ngh hin i. Yu t th hin s hin i l in t. Quan nim theo in t v
s vt th hin qua 4 nhm : (i) s dng nng lng hiu qu , (ii) h thng an ton cho con ngi , (iii) h thng lin lc vin
thng v (iv) t ng ho ni lm vic. C th ho trn 4 nhm ny thnh 2 l nhm ln l phng tin iu hnh ( nng lng v
an ton ) v h thng thng tin ( thng tin v t ng ho ni lm vic ). Phng tin iu hnh ni chung l vn kt cu vt
cht v cch iu hnh kt cu vt cht ra sao. H thng thng tin lin quan n s iu khin c th bn trong ngi nh . Ngi
Nht khi nhn nhn v ngi nh thng minh cho rng c 5 vn chnh l : (i) mng li khng gian ti ch , ( ii) s tng nh nng
cao dn , (iii) phng ngang co li phng ng tng ln , (iv) h thng nghe nhn v (v) th thng minh .
Tm li vn y l cuc sng cng ln cao, s phc v con ngi bng nhng thnh qu cng ngh hin i cng c gn b
vi cng trnh. iu na l thi hin i , gi gic lao ng khng ch b hp trong khun gi hnh chnh v hnh thi lao ng
kiu mi cng thay i v a im lao ng khng b gn trong c quan m nh , ni i chi gii tr cng l ni lao ng v
nhng phng tin lin lc , phng tin ct cha thng tin khng hn ch ch trong c quan.
2. Vai tr ca ngi k s t vn gim st xy dng trong vic lp t trang thit b tin nghi s dng cng trnh.
2.1 Nhim v ca gim st bo m cht lng ni chung :
T vn gim st xy dng c ch u t giao cho , thng qua hp ng kinh t , thay mt ch u t chu trch nhim v cht
lng cng trnh. Nhim v ca gim st thi cng ca ch u t :
(1) V cng tc gim st thi cng phi chp hnh cc qui nh ca thit k cng trnh c cp c thm quyn ph duyt , cc
tiu chun k thut , cc cam kt v cht lng theo hp ng giao nhn thu. Nu cc c quan t vn v thit k lm tt khu h
s mi thu th cc iu kin k thut trong b h s mi thu l c s gim st k thut.
(2) Trong giai on chun b thi cng : cn b t vn gim st phi kim tra vt t , vt liu em v cng trng . Mi vt t , vt
liu khng ng tnh nng s dng , phi a khi phm vi cng trng m khng c php lu gi trn cng trng . Nhng
thit b khng ph hp vi cng ngh v cha qua kim nh khng c a vo s dng hay lp t. Khi thy cn thit , c th
yu cu ly mu kim tra li cht lng vt liu , cu kin v ch phm xy dng .
(3) Trong giai on xy lp : theo di , gim st thng xuyn cng tc thi cng xy lp v lp t thit b . Kim tra h thng m
bo cht lng , k hoch cht lng ca nh thu nhm m bo vic thi cng xy lp theo ng h s thit k c duyt.
Kim tra bin php thi cng , tin thi cng , bin php an ton lao ng m nh thu xut . Kim tra xc nhn khi lng
hon thnh , cht lng cng tc t c v tin thc hin cc cng tc . Lp bo co tnh hnh cht lng v tin phc v
giao ban thng k ca ch u t . Phi hp cc bn thi cng v cc bn lin quan gii quyt nhng pht sinh trong qu trnh thi
cng . Thc hin nghim thu cc cng tc xy lp . Lp bin bn nghim thu theo bng biu qui nh .
Nhng hng mc , b phn cng trnh m khi thi cng c nhng du hiu cht lng khng ph hp vi yu cu k thut nh
trong tiu ch cht lng ca b h s mi thu hoc nhng tiu ch mi pht sinh ngoi d kin nh ln qu qui nh , trc
khi nghim thu phi lp vn bn nh gi tng th v s c xut ca n v thit k v ca cc c quan chuyn mn c php .
(4) Giai on hon thnh xy dng cng trnh : T chc gim st ca ch u t phi kim tra , tp hp ton b h s php l v
ti liu v qun l cht lng . Lp danh mc h s , ti liu hon thnh cng trnh xy dng. Khi kim tra thy cng trnh hon
thnh m bo cht lng , ph hp vi yu cu ca thit k v tiu chun v nghim thu cng trnh , ch u t t chc tng
nghim thu lp thnh bin bn . Bin bn tng nghim thu l c s php l lm bn giao a cng trnh vo khai thc s dng
v l c s quyt ton cng trnh.
2.2 Nhim v ca gim st bo m cht lng trong cng tc lp t trang b tin nghi v an ton :
(i) Quan h gia cc bn trong cng trng : Gim st bo m cht lng trong cng tc lp t trang b tin nghi v an ton
cho cng trnh nm trong nhim v chung ca gim st bo m cht lng cng trnh l nhim v ca bn ch u t. Di s ch
o trc tip ca ch nhim d n i din cho ch u t c cc cn b gim st bo m cht lng cng trnh . Nhng ngi
ny l cn b ca Cng ty T vn v Thit k k hp ng vi ch u t , gip ch u t thc hin nhim v ny. Thng thng
ch c ngi chu trch nhim m bo cht lng xy lp ni chung , cn khi cn n chuyn mn no th Cng ty t vn iu
ng ngi c chuyn mn theo ngnh hp n tham gia h tr cho ngi chu trch nhim chung .
(ii) Phi hp tin l nhim v trc ht ca ch nhim d n m ngi xut chnh l gim st bo m cht
lng . Trc khi bt u tin hnh cc cng tc xy lp cn lp tng tin . Tng tin ch cn vch ra nhng
vic thuc bn thi cng no vo thi im no m mc chi tit c th tnh theo tng nh . Tng tin cho bit vo
thi gian no cng tc no phi bt u cc thnh vin tham gia xy dng ton b cng trnh bit v phi hp . T
tng tin m cc thnh vin tham gia xy lp v cung ng lp ra bng tin thi cng cho n v mnh trong ht
sc ch n s phi hp ng b to din thi cng cho n v bn .
(iii) Ch tr thng qua bin php thi cng v bin php m bo cht lng.
Trc khi khi cng , Ch nhim d n v t vn m bo cht lng cn thng qua bin php xy dng tng th
ca cng trnh nh phng php o t ni chung , phng php xy dng phn thn ni chung , gii php chung
v vn chuyn theo phng ng , gii php an ton lao ng chung , cc yu cu phi hp v iu kin phi hp
chung . Nu n v thi cng thc hin cng tc theo ISO 9000 th cn b t vn s gip Ch nhim d n tham gia xt
duyt chnh sch m bo cht lng ca Nh thu v duyt s tay cht lng ca Nh thu v ca cc n v thi
cng cp i .
(iv) Ch tr kim tra cht lng , xem xt cc cng vic xy lp lm tng ngy . Trc khi thi cng bt k cng tc
no , nh thu cn thng bo t vn m bo cht lng kim tra vic chun b . Qu trnh thi cng phi c s
chng kin ca t vn m bo cht lng . Khi thi cng xong cn tin hnh nghim thu cht lng v s lng cng
tc xy lp hon thnh.
3. Phng php kim tra cht lng trn cng trng :
Thc cht th ngi t vn kim tra cht lng l ngi thay mt ch u t chp nhn hay khng chp nhn sn
phm xy lp thc hin trn cng trng m kim tra cht lng l mt bin php gip cho s khng nh chp nhn
hay t chi .
Mt quan im ht sc cn lu tm trong kinh t th trng l : ngi c tin b ra mua sn phm phi mua c
chnh phm , c sn phm p ng yu cu ca mnh. Do tnh cht ca cng tc xy dng kh khn , phc tp
nn ch u t phi thu t vn m bo cht lng.
C s nhn bit v kim tra cht lng sn phm l s p ng cc Yu cu cht lng ghi trong b H s mi
thu . Hin nay chng ta vit cc yu cu cht lng trong b H s mi thu cn chung chung v cc c quan t vn
cha quen vi cch lm mi ny ca kinh t th trng .
Nhng phng php ch yu ca kim tra cht lng trn cng trng l :
3.1 Ngi cung ng hng ho l ngi phi chu trch nhim v cht lng sn phm trc ht .
y l iu kin c ghi trong hp ng kinh t gia ch u t v nh thu . T iu ny m mi hng ho cung
ng a vo cng trnh phi c cc ch tiu cht lng p ng vi yu cu ca cng tc. Trc khi a vt t , thit
b vo to nn sn phm xy dng nh thu phi a mu v cc ch tiu cho Ch nhim d n duyt v mu cng
nh cc ch tiu phi lu tr ti ni lm vic ca Ch u t cng trng. Ch tiu k thut (tnh nng ) cn c in
thnh vn bn nh l chng ch xut xng ca nh cung ng v thng yu cu l bn in chnh thc ca nh cung
ng . Khi dng bn sao th i din nh cung ng phi k xc nhn v c du ng xc nhn mu v c s chp
thun ca Ch u t bng vn bn. Mi s thay i trong qu trnh thi cng cn c Ch u t duyt li trn c
s xem xt ca t vn bo m cht lng nghin cu xut ng . Nh cung ng v nh thu phi chu trch
nhim trc php lut v s tng thch ca hng ho m mnh cung cp vi cc ch tiu yu cu v phi chu trch
nhim trc php lut v cht lng v s ph hp ca sn phm ny.
Cn b t vn m bo cht lng l ngi c trch nhim duy nht gip Ch nhim d n kt lun rng sn phm
do nh thu cung ng l ph hp vi cc ch tiu cht lng ca cng trnh . Cn b t vn gim st bo m cht
lng c Ch u t u nhim cho nhim v m bo cht lng cng trnh v thay mt Ch u t trong vic
xut chp nhn ny .
3.2 Kim tra ca t vn k thut ch yu bng mt v dng c n gin c ngay ti hin trng :
Mt phng php lun hin i l mi cng tc c tin hnh th ng vi n c mt ( hay nhiu ) phng php kim
tra tng ng. Nh thu tin hnh thc hin mt cng tc th yu cu gii trnh ng thi l dng phng php no
bit c ch tiu cht lng t bao nhiu v dng dng c hay phng tin g cho bit ch tiu y . Bin php thi
cng cng nh bin php kim tra cht lng y c t vn trnh Ch nhim d n duyt trc khi thi cng . Qu
trnh thi cng , k s ca nh thu phi kim tra cht lng ca sn phm m cng nhn lm ra . Vy trn cng
trng phi c cc dng c kim tra bit cc ch tiu thc hin. Th d : ngi cung cp b tng thng phm
phi chu trch nhim kim tra cng chu nn mu khi mu t 7 ngy tui . Nu kt qu bnh thng th nh thu
kim tra nn mu 28 ngy . Nu kt qu ca 7 ngy c nghi vn th nh thu phi th cng nn 14 ngy v 28
ngy xc nh cht lng b tng . Nu ba loi mu 7 , 14 , 28 c kt qu gy ra nghi vn th t vn kim tra yu
cu lm cc th nghim b sung khng nh cht lng cui cng. Khi thi cng cc nhi, nht thit ti ni lm vic
phi c t trng k bit dung trng ca bentonite , phi c phu March v ng h bm giy kim tra nht
ca dung dch khoan , phi c ng nghim o tc phn tch nc ca dung dch . . .
Ni chung th t vn m bo cht lng phi chng kin qu trnh thi cng v qu trnh kim tra ca ngi thi cng
v nhn nh qua hiu bit ca mnh thng qua quan st bng mt vi sn phm lm ra . Khi no qui trnh bt buc
hay c nghi ng th t vn yu cu nh thu thu phng th nghim kim tra v phng th nghim c ngha v bo s
liu t c qua kim tra cho t vn t vn kt lun vic t hay khng t yu cu cht lng. trnh tranh
chp , t vn khng nn trc tip kim tra m ch nn chng kin s kim tra ca nh thu v tip nhn s liu
quyt nh chp nhn hay khng chp nhn cht lng sn phm . Khi c nghi ng , t vn s ch nh ngi kim tra
v nh thu phi thc hin yu cu ny .
3.3 Kim tra bng dng c ti ch :
Trong qu trnh thi cng , cn b , k s ca nh thu phi thng xuyn kim tra cht lng sn phm ca cng
nhn lm ra sau mi cng on hay gia cng on khi thy cn thit . Nhng ln kim tra ny cn c s chng kin
ca t vn m bo cht lng. Mi vic kim tra v thi cng khng c s bo trc v yu cu t vn m bo cht
lng chng kin , ngi t vn c quyn t chi vic thanh ton khi lng hon thnh ny . Kim tra kch thc
cng trnh thng dng cc loi thc nh thc tm , thc cun 5 mt v thc cun di hn . Kim tra cao ,
thng ng thng s dng my o c nh my thu bnh , my kinh v .
Ngoi ra , trn cng trng cn nn c sng bt ny kim tra s b cng b tng . Nhng dng c nh qu
di chun , di laze , ng nghim , t trng k , cn tiu ly , l xy , vin bi thp , . . . cn c trang b . Ni chung
trn cng trng phi c y cc dng c kim tra cc vic thng thng .
Nhng dng c kim tra trn cng trng phi c kim chun theo ng nh k . Vic kim chun nh k l cch
lm tin tin trnh nhng sai s v nghi ng xy ra qua qu trnh nh gi cht lng.
Trong vic kim tra th ni b nh thu kim tra l chnh v t vn bo m cht lng ch chng kin nhng php
kim tra ca nh thu . Khi no nghi ng kt qu kim tra th nh thu c quyn yu cu nh thu thu n v kim tra
khc . Khi tht cn thit , t vn bo m cht lng c quyn ch nh n v kim tra v nh thu phi p ng yu
cu ny .
3.4 Kim tra nh cc phng th nghim :
Vic thu cc phng th nghim tin hnh kim tra mt s ch tiu nh gi cht lng trn cng trng c thc
hin theo qui nh ca tiu chun k thut v khi ti cng trng c s khng nht tr v s nh gi ch tiu cht
lng m bn thn nh thu tin hnh .
Ni chung vic la chn n v th nghim , nh thu ch cn m bo rng n v th nghim y c t cch php
nhn tin hnh th cc ch tiu c th c ch nh. Cn khi nghi ng hay cn m bo tin cy cn thit th t
vn m bo cht lng dnh quyn ch nh n v th nghim .
Nh thu l bn t ra cc yu cu th nghim v nhng yu cu ny phi c Ch nhim d n da vo tham mu
ca t vn m bo cht lng kim tra v ngh thng qua bng vn bn . n v th nghim phi m bo tnh b
mt ca cc s liu th nghim v ngi cng b chp nhn hay khng chp nhn cht lng sn phm lm ra phi l
ch nhim d n qua tham mu ca t vn m bo cht lng .
Cn lu v t cch php nhn ca n v th nghim v tnh hp php ca cng c th nghim . trnh s cung
cp s liu sai lch do dng c th nghim cha c kim chun , yu cu mi cng c th nghim s dng phi
nm trong phm vi cho php ca vn bn xc nhn kim chun .
n v th nghim ch c nhim v cung cp s liu ca cc ch tiu c yu cu kim nh cn vic nhng ch tiu
y c t yu cu hay c ph hp vi cht lng sn phm yu cu phi do t vn m bo cht lng pht biu v
ghi thnh vn bn trong t nghim thu khi lng v cht lng hon thnh.
3.5 Kt lun v lp h s cht lng
(i) Nhim v ca t vn m bo cht lng l phi kt lun tng cng tc , tng kt cu , tng b phn hon thnh
c thc hin l c cht lng ph hp vi yu cu hay cha ph hp vi yu cu .
nh km vi vn bn kt lun cui cng v cht lng sn phm cho tng kt cu , tng tng nh , tng hng mc
l cc vn bn xc nhn tng chi tit , tng vt liu cu thnh sn phm v h s kim tra cht lng cc qu trnh thi
cng. Lu nay cc vn bn xc nhn cht lng vt liu , cht lng thi cng ghi rt chung chung . Cn lu rng
mi bn xc nhn phi c a ch kt cu s dng , khng th ghi cht lng m bo chung chung.
Tt c nhng h s ny ng thnh tp theo trnh t thi cng khi tra cu thun tin.
(ii) i i vi cc vn bn nghim thu , vn bn chp nhn cht lng kt cu l nht k thi cng . Nht k thi cng ghi
chp nhng d kin c bn xy ra trong tng ngy nh thi tit , din bin cng tc tng v tr, nhn xt qua s
chng kin cng tc v tnh hnh cht lng cng trnh.
kin ca nhng ngi lin quan n cng tc thi cng khi h chng kin vic thi cng , nhng kin ngh , xut qua qu
trnh thi cng v kin gii quyt ca t vn m bo cht lng v kin ca gim st ca nh thu . . .
(iii) Bn v hon cng cho tng kt cu v b phn cng trnh c lp theo ng qui nh.
Tt c nhng h s ny dng lm c s cho vic thanh ton khi lng hon thnh v c s lp bin bn tng nghim thu , bn
giao cng trnh cho s dng.
Chng II
NHNG VN CHUNG
CHO CNG TC T VN BO M CHT LNG
CNG TRNH IN
2.1. Ni dung cng tc cn gim st trong cng tc xy lp in :
Cc cng vic cn c t chc gim st trong qu trnh xy lp in bao gm :
* Cc thit b phn phi v trm bin p trong nh , ngoi tri in p n 220 KV.
* Cc b chnh lu
* Cc my in , thit b khi ng , iu chnh v bo v
* Thit b in ca my trc
* Cc h thng thanh ci
* Cc thit tr in phn
* Cc thit b chiu sng
* ng dy in 1 chiu v xoay chiu in p n 1000V
* ng cp in lc n 35 KV
* ng dy dn in trn khng.
Bi ging ny i vo chuyn mn kh su nn phi nghin cu tht t m qua qu trnh kim tra.
2.2 . Cc cn c v php l khi kim tra cht lng cng tc xy lp in:
* Cc yu cu cht lng k thut nh thu phi p ng trong B H s mi thu.
* Nu ch no cha ghi trong b h s mi thu c th cn c vo nhng ch dn trong ti liu ny yu cu nh thu phi p
ng.
* Cc tiu chun xy dng hin hnh lin quan n cc cng tc c ghi trong hp ng giao nhn thu xy lp in m t vn
m bo cht lng c nhim v phi thc hin kim tra .
* Cc tiu chun v An ton lao ng , phng chng chy , n , bo v mi trng , nhng qui nh trong Qui chun Xy dng
Vit nam .
* Cc yu cu k thut ghi trong cc bn v thit k c thm nh v c cp c thm quyn ph duyt.
* Cc ch dn ca nh ch to thit b , nh cung ng vt t ghi thnh vn bn trong catalogue in chnh thc.
Khi s dng thit b ngoi nhp c c tnh k thut ca thit b c iu g khng thng nht vi ch dn ti liu ny , phi cn c
vo catalogue ca nh ch to , lp phng n kim tra v thng qua t vn m bo cht lng trnh Ch nhim d n duyt . Th
d nh khe h trong cc trc , khng ng u ca cc khe h khng kh trong cc my in , cc tr s lc nn ca cc tip
im v.v. . .
Trc khi khi cng cc cng tc xy lp in phi kim tra :
* Cc ti liu k thut , h s thit k , d ton . Thit k , d ton c kim nh cha ? C quan kim nh c khng ngh
iu g khng v bn thit k sa cha nhng ch khng ngh cha ? Nu c nhng iu khng tho thun c gia c quan
kim nh v c quan thit k , cn b t vn m bo cht lng cn xin kin ca ch nhim d n v gip ch u t t chc
nhng cuc hp cn thit t vn cho ch u t quyt nh cui cng .
* Nh thu trnh bn v cng ngh lp rp , c h s gii trnh bin php thi cng cha v cn b t vn m bo cht lng
xem xt v t vn cho ch nhim d n duyt cha . Nu bin php thi cng cha c ch nhim d n ph duyt th cha
c khi cng cng tc .
* i vi cc loi cng vic nh : Lp t cc chnh lu thu ngn , cc bnh acquy , cng tc hn . cng tc neo buc , chng
buc , cng tc xy lp c s dng ba hi , ba sng hoc cc dng c lp t khc , cc cng tc o kim bng my trc c ,
nhng cn b , cng nhn thc hin cng tc u phi qua lp hun luyn v c cp chng ch , vn bng hp php . Trc khi
thi cng , nh thu mt ln na phi ph bin qui trnh thao tc , trnh t thao tc , cc yu cu k thut , cc ch dn ca qui
phm , ca bn thit k v ca cc tiu chun lin quan . Mi vic hun luyn phi c s chng kin ca t vn m bo cht
lng chng kin .
* Trc khi thi cng cn c bn qui ch an ton lao ng c nh thu son tho cho cng tc phi tin hnh v qui ch ny phi
c ph bin n tng cng nhn v c s xc nhn ca chnh tng ngi cng nhn.
* Nu nh thu thc hin vic xy lp in theo phng thc cng nghip ho , s dng cc thit b in hp khi thnh tng cm
th cn kim tra k v c bin bn xc nhn cht lng ca tng cm . Khi giao n cng trng phi c xc nhn cht lng v
h s y ca cm hp khi . Khi tun theo phng php ny th ngay bn v cng phi tch thnh tng cm v chuyn giao
cng vi hin vt c kim tra cht lng .
* Nhng cng tc xy dng cn hon thnh trc khi lp t thit b . Phi kim tra v lp bin bn nghim thu , chng nhn phn
xy lin quan m bo cht lng mi c lp thit b .
* Khi xy dng kiu lp ghp th trong kt cu lp ghp phi chun b trc cc khe rnh , hc bt cc hp u dy v rnh ,
khe t dy ph hp vi thit k .
* Trong vic lp t dy dn in thnh b , thnh cm , cn kim tra v s lng si , tit din tng loi si , s thng mch ca
tng si . Qu trnh la chn dy, cn ch la chn mu sc v dy khi ni d dng kim tra s thng mch cho tng dy
ni nhiu on .
* Nhng thit b o m lp trong mng in cn c kim tra , kim nh v hiu chnh trc khi a vo lp t .
* Cc cc cng nh ph kin ni t nn ch sn ti xng v n hin trng ch thc hin khu lin kt .
2.3 Cng tc chun b thi cng cng tc xy lp in :
2.3.1 Kim tra h s v ti liu :
* Thit k phi ph hp vi qui nh hin hnh v lp thit k v d ton cc cng trnh xy dng cng nghip . Bn v thi cng
phi trnh ch u t ph duyt . Thit k phi c c quan thit k khc thm nh . Phi s l xong cc kin ngh ca c quan
thm nh .
* H s k thut bn ch d n phi giao cho nh thu phi bao gm :
# L lch , h chiu thit b phi lp v cc ng h thuc thit b trn b .
# Bn v lp rp cc thit b in v thit b trn b , cc s nguyn l v s lp.
# Ton b cc bn lit k gi km theo hng.
# S nh du nhng cm v chi tit c chuyn n theo hnh thc tho ri.
# Ch dn ca nh ch to thit b trong ghi r cch lp t v khi ng cc thit b .
# Cc bin bn th nghim xut xng ca nh ch to , nht l v lp rp , kim tra cn bng , chy r trn th nghim v bin bn
kim nhn ca bn ch u t vi nh cung cp. Nu nh thu c giao c phn mua sm th l bin bn m nh thu nghim
thu vi bn bn thiet b , c s chng kin ca ch u t .
# Kim tra vic ghi cc dung sai thc t v dung sai ch to t c khi nh ch to lp rp kim tra v th nghim trn bn th .
# Ti liu bng ting nc ngoi phi c dch ra ting Vit . Bn dch ny phi c c quan chuyn mn thm nh chnh
xc v thut ng v ni dung .
2.3.2 V cc yu cu i vi s cung ng thit b :
* Thit b in c kch thc ph thng c th c giao hng di hnh thc lp hon chnh cn thit b c kch thc ln phi
giao hng di hnh thc tho ri thnh nhiu khi . Kch c cc khi ri c nu trong B H s mi thu vi iu kin khi lp
rp hp khi khng i hi phi tin hnh cc ng tc tu chnh khc .
* Mi thit b in phi km theo s liu chy th , th nghim ca nh ch to .
* Thit b giao nhn phi trong tnh trng bao gi cn thn , c thng cha chc chn , chng m , bao nh cha trong thng ln
phi bc nylon v ming c hn kn , khng c du hiu b m trc khi n cng trng .
* Nhn mc hng ho phi y , bn ngoi bao b cn nguyn tiu , s nh du , Logo v bng ghi ca nh sn xut , ngi
giao hng phi cn nguyn . Cc du hiu chng ma , ch nh du v tr mc cp phi cn nguyn v thng hng khng c lt
ngc vi chiu t bt buc v phi c che ma, nng . Cc gi ti liu i theo hng phi c bao ring v cn ang trong tnh
trng tt , khng c biu hin b tho m v b tro phn cha bn trong.
2.3.3 Kim tra trong qu trnh tip nhn thit b in
* Trnh t tip nhn thit b , iu kin tip nhn v phng php bo qun cc thit b in , cc ph kin v cp v vt t cn
cha ct trong kho , phi theo ch dn ca nh ch to .
Lu rng thit b in c th chia ra thnh 4 nhm vi nhng mc yu cu bo qun khc nhau .
Nhm 1: Thit b khng i hi phi che ma nng , c php ngoi tri nhng phi t trn gi k , b k. Nhng nu tht
tt, nn c nhng tm tn di ng ph chng ma nng.
Nhm 2 : Thit b chu c s thay i nhit nhng phi chng ma , chng nng trnh cc tc ng trc tip ca bc x mt
tri .
Nhm 3 : Thit b i hi chng ma nng v chng m , t chu nh hng ca nhit nhng i hi ct gi bo qun trong kho
kn , ch yu chng va p c hc v mt mt .
Nhm 4 : Cc ng h , trang b v c cu quan trng khng chu c tc ng ca nhit , bc x , ma nng nn bo qun
trong kho kn v c trang b xy kh chng cc tc ng ca hi nc .
Trc khi ct cha thit b vo kho , cht bi , cn kim tra h , rnh thot nc , h ca , chc chn ca mi , v h thng
gi , h thng xy hay ht m , thm ch h iu ho kh hu nu c yu cu .
Cn b t vn m bo cht lng cn chng kin qu trnh giao nhn thit b in , nhc nh th tc v chng kin cc qu trnh
kim tra v ch m bo :
* S ng b ca thit b in :
* M hiu ca cc thit b phi ph hp vi phiu giao hng ca nh ch to , bn k i lin vi hm hng ho , thit b , v nht l
c im v iu kin k thut khi giao hng.
* Tnh trng ca thit b , hng ho : mi , nguyn vn khng gy , khng h hng , tnh trng khuyt tt , tnh trng nc
sn bn ngoi , bao ph ca du , m chng g .
* Cht lng tng cm chi tit nhn mt ngoi v phi xem xt k bng mt thng hoc i khi dng knh lp kim tra .
Qua kim tra , nu thy sai st hoc khng ng vi h s giao th khiu ni vi bn giao hng iu chnh cho ng s cam kt
trong hp ng v ph lc hp ng mua bn v giao nhn thu mua sm thit b . Khi kim tra xong li phi bao gi cn thn v
nim phong , c s chng kin ca cc bn .
Thit b in ct cha trong kho phi c sp xp theo khoa hc , d tm , d kim tra v d giao nhn khi ly ra lp t . Cn c
bng k , bng hiu ti v tr tng mn hng nhm d theo di . Thit b nng cn ghi thm trng lng tin iu ng
phng tin nng ct , di chuyn . Kho ngoi tri cng c bng treo tn vt liu , chi tit .
Mi thit b ngoi tri u phi c b , gi k . Khng c trc tip ln t . Nu thy c hin tng t ng nc cn
khi thot nc ti ni ct cha thit b ngoi tri . Cch sp xp sao cho chi tit v b phn thit b khng b cong vnh hoc vt
nng ln lm bin dng. Cc im k phi chc chn , khng bp bnh hay c su hng nho gy nguy him cho bn thn
thit b v ngi i li kim tra , bo qun.
Thit b , chi tit ct cha trong nh phi c bo qun sch s , kh ro v thng thong gi . Ht sc trnh bi ph tng
tng , lp lp . Nhng c trc , st thp khng sn l u phi bi m bo qun hoc bi vadlin cng nghip . Bi ph bo v
bng loi m hay vadlin no phi theo ch dn ca catalogue , tuyt i khng bi ph tu tin . Nu catalogue khng c ch nh
c bit , phi tra trong s tay s dng du , m m quyt nh bi ph loi du m no. Quyt nh loi du , m bi ph phi do
k s chu trch nhim ca kho bi ct cha ra lnh bng vn bn .
Nhng chi tit ca my in c giao di hnh thc tho ri nh li thp t , cun dy , c trc , c gp hay vnh chi than ,
bc trc phi c cch bo qun ring , khng han g , h hng do va chm . My mc m nh ch to hoc nh cung ng gi
n di dng lp rp trn b , tuyt i khng tho ri trong qu trnh bo qun , ct cha . Khi nghi ng c s h hng bn trong
hay chi tit trong khi lp rp tng th thnh cm th nh du bng vn bn gn km lu kim tra trong qu trnh lp rp .
Vn bn ny c s chng kin ca bn giao hng v t vn m bo cht lng.
Khi tht cn thit phi tho my kim tra th phi lp bin bn c s chng kin ca bn giao hng , nh thu v t vn m bo
cht lng sau khi ch nhim d n cho php , phi theo ng ch dn ca nh ch to , v nht thit phi lp vn bn .
Chnh lu thu ngn v cc chi tit phi c bo qun trong nh . Ch ct cha phi kh ro , thng thong . Qu trnh vn
chuyn , chuyn dch v tr ca nhng chnh lu thu ngn v cc b phn trao i nhit phi ht sc cn thn.. Phi gi nguyn
bao gi . Ch c tho bao gi khi tin hnh lp t . Chnh lu Gcmani v Silic phi bo qun trong phng c thng gi cng
bc v phi t trong mi trng m do sy , si .
My bin p vn chuyn a n hin trng phi tun theo " Qui trnh vn chuyn v lp t my bin p " hoc theo ch dn ca
nh ch to . Cch in c du phi tho khi bao gi v t ng trn cc gi chuyn dng v bo qun ti ni kh ro . H
thng dn lm mt phi ct cha ti nh c mi che , cc l v mt bch phi nt kn trnh han g , ng phng n cng cn bt
kn trong qu trnh bo qun . Nt trn bnh dn n phi kn v c vn cht . Trc khi lp t my bin p , nhng chi tit h
hng phi c thay th hoc sa cha , x l cho tht tt mi c lp t.
Cc loi thit b loi trong nh phi c bo qun ni kh ro , khng c hi m v bi . Cc loi ng h v thit b tng t
cng cn c bo v ht sc cn thn v phi c sy . Cc t phn phi v bng in phi ph hp vi cc thit b lp trong
nhng t .
Cc t in tnh v t in giy tm du phi bo qun trong nh kh ro , nhit khng qu +35 oC . Khng c bo qun t
in trong cc gian bung cha chu chn ng nh gn cc my mc ang chy . Bo qun t in trong nh c sy phi trnh
vic chng gn ngun pht nhit v khng cho nh sng , d l nh sng n ri vo t in trc tip . Cc t in t ng ,
s cch in phi quay ln trn v khng c xp chng ci n ln ci kia .
Cc bn cc ca acquy ch phi bo qun trong bao gi , t trong nh kh ro . Cc acquy kim phi bo qun trong nh kh ro
v thng gi tt , khng nn trong nh c s thay i nhit qu nhiu trong thi gian ca mt ngy m. Cm acquy ch
chung vi acquy kim .
Qu trnh chuyn dch hng in nu thy m bo qun b kh , b mt mt phi b sung hoc thay lp m mi .
Khi cn ct cha kh lu , phi nh k kim tra xem xt , bi li m bo qun . Nu khng c ch nh ca nh ch to th ti a 9
thng phi kim tra mt ln . Khi kim tra , khng bi v m lm nh hng cht lng hng ang bo qun . Nu thy trn mt
bao b hoc trn mt thit b b m , c ng sng th phi kim tra bt thng .
Cn ht sc ch khu th tc kim tra . Khng th kho kim tra t tin m phi c nhm kim tra y cc bn hu quan v
lp h s , bin bn cn thn ca tng ln kim tra . Khi hng ho giao khng trn b v h hng pht hin c , bn giao hng
cn s l nghim tc theo ng trch nhim ca mnh .
Cc rul cun dy cp phi bo qun cn thn chng b va p , u cp phi hn kn . Khi cn bo qun rul trn 1 nm , cc rul
ang cun cp phi bo qun trong nh c mi che . Phi gi cho vn g bc cc rul cp nguyn vn . Mt rul phi ghi m hiu ,
qui cch . Khng cho rul mt kh nng quay .
Cc kt cu kim loi ca ct dy in i trn khng kh , ct thp , ct b tng phi phn loi v sp xp thnh khu ring , k
trn gi , trnh m t .
Ct g v ct b tng khng xp ng cao trn 2 mt , phi c thanh chng kp gi nhng chng ct , ct chng cch nhau xa nht
l 3 mt. Gia cc ng phi c khe i li kim tra cht lng trong qu trnh bo qun . Gi k , nu ct ngn hn 22 mt , k
hai m , ct di trn 22 mt s c 3 gi . V tr tnh sao cho khng gy mmen qu ln lm nt ct .
Mi chi tit khng m bo cht lng phi a ra khi cng trng trnh cp pht cho lp t b nhm ln .
Dy in cn bo qun trong nh v phn loi theo ng knh dy , chng loi dy v c bin hiu , ghi r cht lng .
Vi nhng vt liu xy dng khc nh xi mng , vi th bo qun theo cc qui nh ca vt liu xy dng . Vt liu n nh thuc
n , n dng cho sng thi cng th bo qun theo cch bo qun vt liu n .
2.3.4 Cc yu cu ca cng trnh xy dng lp t thit b in :
Trc khi bt u lp t thit b in trn cc cng trnh xy dng phi tin hnh cc cng tc chun b trn tng mt bng nh
sau:
(i) Lm ng thi cng m bo vn chuyn thit b in ( k c thit b qu kh ).
(ii) Xy dng xong cc cng trnh , ln tri cn thit cho vic lp in .
(iii) t h thng in nc , kh nn c nh hay tm thi cn thit cho vic lp in k c thit b dng u ni vi my mc
thi cng .
(iv) t in chiu sng cho cc khu vc c cc hng mc cng trnh phi lp t in.
(v) Lm ng cho xe cha chy , t ng nc cha chy v t cc phng tin phng chng chy cn thit .
(vi) Lm thang v dn gio nhng ch my trc khng hot ng c .
(vii) m bo trang b bo h cho cng nhn , m bo nc ung cho cng nhn.
V trnh t xy dng , cn b t vn m bo cht lng cn xut vi ch nhim d n , yu cu cc cng trnh cung cp in
nh trm bin p , hm cp v cc my trc phi thi cng trc khi lm cc cng trnh khc.
Nhng cng trnh phc v cho vic lp in phi c nghim thu m bo s ph hp vi cc tit chun xut trong b H s
mi thu v cc tiu chun xy dng v cc yu cu phc v lp thit b in.
Nhng tiu ch sau y phi kim tra cht ch trong qu trnh nghim thu phn xy phc v tt cho phn lp :
* Phi i chiu vi bn thit k m bo tun th ng thit k.
* Mi ch thay i khc vi thit k , cn lp h s v bn v sa i km theo ng qui nh v th tc chnh sa bn thit k cho
ph hp vi thc t . Bn thit k phi lp bn v sa i v tun th cch ghi s v nh du ch sa cha ng qui nh mi ca
ISO. H s khi hon thnh phi lp Dessin de recollement ( bn v hon cng ) theo ng qui nh .
* Cn chun b y cng c s dng trong qu trnh kim tra nh thc o, thc l , thanh kim chiu dy , cc loi ng h
o v nhng dng c o khc. Nhng dng c o ny phi c kim tra v hiu chnh cn thn. C quan kim tra v hiu chnh
nhng dng c ny phi l c quan chuyn trch c cp php hnh ngh hp php.
* Ht sc lu kim tra kch thc hnh hc v kch thc hnh hc s nh hng ln n vic c lp t c hay kh khn i
vi cc thit b in. Ch cc kch thc ca mng t my , v tr bulng neo cho cc bulng neo thit b xung mng my.
* Ch gabarit ca gian lp my , m bo tho mn khng gian lp my . Ch c ly t my n cc rnh cp , n cc v tr c
nh dy cp , thanh qut dn in.
* Ch cht lng cc cu kin v kt cu phn xy nh h s kim tra cht lng vt liu xy , h s kim tra , th nghim b
tng , thp . . . Trc ht phi nhn tng th bng mt , sau cn i chiu h s th nghim i chng . Khi thy nghi ng v
cht lng cng trnh cn b cu kp thi trc khi lp t.
* Cng tc xy dng phi m bo gii phng c a bn cng tc giao cho bn lp. Khng c tin hnh xen k va xy , va
lp trn cung mt a bn thi cng.
* Thit b cn lp mang n hin trng cn c sp xp gn theo th t lp , phi che y trnh ma nng lm hng , trnh va
p v gy cc tc ng h hng do c hc , do nguyn nhn vt l cng nh nguyn nhn ho hc . Cn ch m bo mi
trng ct cha tm thit b ch lp , khng cho bi v m gy mc , ru v cc tc nhn sinh hc lm gim cht lng hoc h
hng .
* Ch kim tra kch thc ca b tr trong cc gian s lp t my mc v in.
* Trong gian nh lp thit b in c lp cc my mc khc cn phi hp tin lp t ph hp nht , khng cc cng tc
lp t chng cho nhau , cn tr nhau trong qu trnh thi cng lp my.
* Phi kim tra cc hp t ng , cc h , hc cha sn sau ny lp t cc , cc bng iu khin , cc my thng tin lin lc
thm ch c camera , u c hin s hay v tuyn truyn hnh nu c trong thit k th bn xy phi chun b xong.
* Nu ng dy dn in chiu sng i ni th cc vic v phn xy nhm hon chnh cng trnh nh cng tc trt , lng , lt , p
cng phi xong hon chnh .
* Nu nhng ng dy i ngm , phi lp t xong cc ng dy ri bn xy tip tc hon thin mt ngoi trc khi bn giao
cu cng.
* Cn kim tra cc l chui vo hm cp , ging cp v kch thc , bn l np y v phi c kho . Khi lao ng ch ngi c
trch nhim mi c gi cha kho v ng m ng theo qui nh v an ton v v bo qun.
* Phi kim tra li ln , xung hm cp , ging cp , sng chiu vo ni ln xung . Phi lu n tay vn cho ngi ln xung
m bo tin dng , chc chn , sch s . Bc ln xung phi sch s , khng trn , khng dy du m . Nu bng gch , phi
c mt chng trt , chng trn . Nu bng kim loi , tm lt bc phi l thp dp c mt chng trn ni g .
* y hm , y ging phi c li thot ht nc khi c nc.
* Trc khi lp cc thit b in , bn giao thu phi giao cho nh thu cc bin bn nghim thu ca cc phn vic tin hnh
trc nh bin bn nghim thu vic lp t ng , bin bn nghim thu cch ni ng , bin bn nghim thu cc cng tc chng thm
. Cc mng t ng cp phi kh ro v sch s.
* Nu tin hnh t cc cu kin ca trm bin p ngoi tri phi tho g cp pha mng v mng cp , san xong mt bng , lm
hng ro quy quanh khu vc dnh ring cho trm . Khi mi vic xong v n nh mi tin hnh lp.
* Nu c cng trc rt rut my bin p , cc thng du , h thng dn du ca trm bin p phi hon thnh xy lp hon chnh
trc khi kim tra my bin p v lp my ct in.
* Thit b in s lp trong phn xng , khu vc s lp my phi che chn chng ma , bi . Cc b phn ph nh thang ca my
trc , sn thao tc , phi lp t xong trc khi lp my in .
* Mi cng vic v phn xy gian acqui k c h thng gi v si m cng vi cc vic kim tra nhng phn vic ny phi lm
xong trc khi lp acqui. Ring vic sn ph lp sn chng axit hay chu kim tng , trn v nn nh phi lm sau khi t
xong cc kt cu c nh thanh dn v dy in chiu sng. Khi thi cng trong gian acqui cn c my iu ho khng kh v cho
chy my ny m bo nhit ti gian t acqui khng di 15 oC.
* Mi cng vic xy lp gian chnh lu thu ngn phi hon chnh trc khi lp chnh lu. Nhit trong gian t chnh lu khng
thp hn 15oC.
Mng my t cc b chnh lu phi r cp pha xong , sa sang ht cc vt r , tho ht cc nt cc l , ty cho mt b tng ht
g gh .
Mt trn ca mong my phi phng v thng bng. Mng cc my ln v trung bnh phi c bn v v cc ng tm , cao trnh
phi c xc nh v tr trn bn v v c bn giao ghi thnh vn bn do cn b o c lp thnh ph lc trong b h s bn
giao sau ny.
Mi sai lch v mt bng mng my phi c ghi chp y . Ch chp nhn khi g gh nh hn 10 mm v sai s v
nghing nh hn 1/100 .
* Trc khi s my in chun b cho lp t , mi vic chun b phi lm xong . My phi c v sinh sch s. H thng thng
gi phi c kim tra k cng , phi sn v ch kh sn . Ca h thng thng gi lp y v vn hnh nh nhng .
* Nhng mng kim tra , t tiu chun a vo lp t phi lp h s nghim thu gia bn thi cng v ch u t , c s c
mt ca bn lp my v coi nh tin hnh nghim thu , bn giao tay ba cho bn lp.
* Mi cng c phc v cho cng tc lp phi a ti hin trng v chun b t th thi cng c theo phng n lp nh thu
lp trnh vi ch u t xem xt v duyt .
Chng III
KIM TRA VIC LP T CC THIT TRI PHN PHI V TRM BIN P
Phi quan st trong qu trnh thi cng cc thit tr c c nh chc chn vo v tr . Khi cc thit tr chu rung hay chn ng
trong qu trnh khai thc phi s dng ai c hn hay vng m vnh , vng m hm. Ren bulng ca cc thit tr ca trm bin
p ngoi tri phi bi m xlidn .
Du cha trong thit b c du phi n mc ch dn ca nh ch to. Khng du r r qua mi hn , qua mt bch , ng ni
van , vi , giong , ng ch bo mc du .
Nhng b phn khng dn in v cc l xo phi bi m vadlin cng nghip theo ch dn ca nh ch to thit b .
Cn kim tra cc v tr t ni t di ng , c gi l ni t an ton , trn cc b phn mang in ca 3 pha . Cn bo m sao
cho cc phn c ct d sa cha , u nm pha c ni t di ng ( i vi ngun cung cp in ) hay nm gia cc ni t
di ng . Nhng v tr t ni t di ng trn cc thit b u c co sch , bi vadlin c hai mt tip xc , phi k 2 vch sn
en pha ngoi . Bng sau s hng dn cc v tr t ni t di ng :
Cc phn c ct ra sa cha
V tr t ni t
- Ti cc u ra.
- Cc my in trn 1000V
- Cc my bin p
* Sau khi lp xong thanh ci , cc l ca vt cch in phi c bt bng cc bn c bit . Thanh ci ghp h ch vo v ra
khi vt cch in phi c kp cht li vi nhau.
* Khi dng in ln hn 5000A th trn nhng kt cu bng thp c nh cc vt cch in thanh ci t h , phi t cc
vng ni tt bng kim loi dn in gim bt s pht nng cc kt cu do nh hng ca t trng. iu ny phi tm k trong
ch dn ca thit k. Nu trong ch dn ca thit k thy st, khng ghi , yu cu thit k ghi b sung.
* Khi dng in ln hn 600 A th cc vt c nh thanh ci v cc b phn kp thanh ci khng c to nn mch t khp kn
chung quanh thanh ci. Mun t c iu ny , 1 trong cc tm p hay tt c cc bulng b tr cng mt pha ca thanh ci
phi lm bng vt liu khng nhim t nh ng thau , nhm v cc hp kim ca n. C th p dng kiu kt cu c nh thanh ci
khng to nn mch t kn.
* Ni chung nhng ch ni c nh ca thanh ci c tit din ch nht u nn hn in hay hn hi , v nu c iu kin nn hn
p lc . Nhng ch ni c yu cu tho khi cn thit th ni bng bulng hay bng tm kp.
* Phi kim tra rt k nhng u thanh ci nhm ni vo u cc ng ca cc my mc , thit b , phi tun theo cc qui nh
di y:
+ Nu u cc ni loi dt , c ni trc tip , khng k tr s dng in l bao nhiu.
+ Nu u cc trn cho php ni trc tip khi dng in di 400 A.
+ Vi dng in trn 400 A v nhng thit b ngoi tri th ni phi qua tm tip xc ng - nhm.
Khi dng in di 200A , thanh ci bng thp c th ni trc tip vo u cc ng ca thit b . Trong nh kh ro , mt tip xc
ca thanh ci bng thp phi nh sch v bi vadlin. Trong nh m t hoc c kh n mn , mt tip xc phi m km , m
cadmi , m ng hay trng thic. Mt tip xc ca thanh ci dp phi phng khi ni bng bulng , bng tm p hay ni vo u cc
b mt ca thanh ci nhm , hay thp phi bi mt lp mng vadlin cng nghip.
Cc ch ni tip xc bng bulng c th tho m c cc thit b phn phi trong nh phi dng bulng v ai c m km. Cc
bulng v ai c b tr sao cho khi khai thc d kim tra. Khi ni cc thanh ci bng ng v bng thp th bulng phi c vng
m bng thp.
Khi u ni cc thanh ci v cc u ct bng nhm vo cc u ct thit b cn kim tra m bo vic s dng ng vng m
theo bng di y:
n v : mm
Bulng c ren
Chiu dy vng
m
M8
8,5
18
24+
M10
10,5
28
28+
M12
12,5
32
6
M16
16,5
40
M20
21
46
Khng c p cng l xo tip xc ca cc m dao cch ly. Cc vng l xo phi c h ti thiu l 0,5 mm khi li dao t th
ng. Gc cm tip im ca b truyn ng dng bo tn hiu v kho lin ng, v tr dao cch ly, phi m bo tn hiu "ct"
khi li dao i c 75% hnh trnh v ch pht tn hiu "ng" khi li dao chm vo hm tip xc c nh.
Dao cch ly ngoi tri, sng di ng ch c trt trn mt sng c nh vi lc ma st nh.
Cn kim tra cc chi tit kho lin ng c kh gia my ct in vo dao cch ly, cc chi tit ny phi c hiu chnh tht khp
vi cc thit b. S lin ng gia dao cch ly vi my ct in cng nh gia li chnh vi li tip t ca dao cch ly phi
hot ng chnh xc. Khoa lin ng khng cho php quay c cn truyn ng dao ch ly khi my ct in ang v tr ng.
3.1.6 Cc my bin in o lng:
Nhng u dy cha s dng ca cc cun dy th cp my bin dng in phi c u tt. Trong mi trng hp, tr ra
nhng trng hp ghi trc trong thit k,, mt trong cc u cun dy th cp my bin ng in t trong mch c in p t
500 V tr ln v ca my bin in p u phi c tip t.
Cn kim tra m bo rng cc kt cu thp t my bin dng in kiu xuyn t 1000A tr ln khng c to nn cc
mch t kn chung quanh 1 hay 2 pha.
Cn kim tra sao cho cc my bin p c b tr khi khai thc, du c th n c nt x du. Cc nt x du phi thng cc
l thng hi. Trc khi my a vo khai thc, cn kim tra xem ming m bo qun ca nh ch to c ly i cha. Nu
cha, cn ly i.
3.1.7 Cc khng in:
Cn kim tra cc cun khng b tng khng c c vt rn nt hay v cnh v bong sn trn cc tr b tng. Khng c c
ch hng trn cc cch in v trn cch in cc vng dy. Trng hp cc pha cun khng t chng ln nhau phi tun theo
ng k hiu. Nu k hiu theo ting Nga th ch H ( ) l pha di, C () l pha gia, B (x ) l pha trn ng thi
chiu ca cun dy pha gia phi ngc vi chiu ca cc cun trn v di.
Mi pha cun khng phi ta ln qua ton b cc s. Di cc u cch in v cc mt bch ca chng phi t m. Cc cun
khng b tng phi cun bng dy bc cch in nu lu ngoi tri hoc lp sn trn mt b tng b hng nng. Khi sa tr b
tng phi sy nhng cun khng ny. Vic sy coi nh t nu in tr cch in ca cun khng t 1 M .
3.2 Cc my bin p in lc.
3.2.1. Kim tra my:
Cn kim tra m bo cc quy nh trong mc ny khi lp t cc my bin p ( k c my bin p t ngu v cun khng c
du ) in p n 220 KV.
Cn kim tra rut my bin p nu ti liu hng dn ca nh ch to quy nh. Trong khi vn chuyn v bo qun nu thy hin
tng c kh nng gy ra h hng bn trong my th phi kim tra rut my.
Vic kim tra rut my v tnh trng trc khi lp phi thc hin theo quy nh ca nh ch to.
Sau khi kim tra nu thy rut my bin p b bn th phi dng du sch v kh ra vi p sut nh ( khng qu 1,15 kg/cm 2 ).
kim tra cc b phn trn cao ca my bin p t c IV tr ln phi lp cc thanh c nh.
Khi kim tra, nu thy giong np my b hng, cho php thay cc giong np my v b chuyn ng ca b i nc in p
b hng, bng nhng giong c cng chiu dy vi giong ca nh ch to.
Vic c phi sy my hay khng, phi cn c vo quy nh ca nh ch to v tiu chun cch in ca my bin p v phi lp
thnh bin bn c i din c quan lp v giao thu tham gia.
Cc ch ni mt bch ca my bin p phi m bng giong chu du hoc bng lie ( in in ). Trng hp khng c th cho
php dng giong lm bng vt liu chu du khc nh paraphp tm sn baklit.
Cc b phn lm mt phi dng du bin p ra sch v phi th nghim theo ti liu hng dn ca nh ch to, kt qu phi ghi
vo bin bn.
Ring cc cch in trc khi lp vo my bin p, phi c th nghim theo ti liu hng dn ca nh ch to, hoc theo quy
trnh k thut hin hnh.
Cc cch in c du khng c h hng, v cch in v bnh dn n bng thu tinh, khng c r r du. Cc cch in
phi c du vo n gia bnh gin n ng vi nhit 15-20 0C. Cc bu gin n bng thu tinh ca cc cch in phi sn
trng v phi cha li mt vch khng sn rng 15 -20 mm quan st mc du.
Trc khi t bnh gin n ln my bin p phi ra bng du bin p sch. ng dn du ni thng bin p vi bnh dn n phi c
dc t nht 2% v pha my bin p, khng c dc ngc li. ng thu tinh ch mc du bnh dn n t v pha d quan
st v phi c 2 vch nh du mc du tng ng vi nhit + 35 0 v + 15 0 ca mi trng.
3.2.2 Kim tra b phn iu khin :
R le hi phi c kim tra phng th nghim trc khi lp t. R le hi phi t ngang ca (l ) quan st phi t v pha d
nhn. Thn rle hi h thng phao v np rle hi phi t trn my bin p sao cho mi tn ch v pha bnh dn n.
ng phng n ca my bin p phi c lau sch bi bn v ra bng du bin p sch. Ming knh mt bn trn ca ng
phng n v ht x khng kh, phi c m giong cao su chu du hay bng li-e ( in in ).
Phi t ng phng n sao cho cc u cp, thanh dn v cc thit b gn, khng b phun vo khi s c du pht ra.
Khi lp cm bin nhit ca cc nhit k kiu p k thu ngn hay nhit k o xa, phi dng chn kn. Cc m ny l nhng
vng m ch, hoc dy aming tm sn baklt hay sn gliptan. Cc ui lp nhit k thu ngn hay nhit k tip im thu
ngn phi y du my bin p v phi y kn trnh hi m lt vo. Nhit k phi b tr ch d quan st v an ton. Cc
nhit k ( thu ngn, kiu tip im thu ngn, kiu p k v kiu o xa ) phi c kim tra phng th nghim, trc khi lp vo
my bin p v phi c bin bn th nghim.
Du vo my bin p phi t cc yu cu quy nh ca nh ch to. in p nh thng v mu du khng c thp hn c
tr s ghi trong bng sau y:
Tr s in p xuyn thng nh nht cho php
ca cc mu du my bin p.
Cp in p cun dy cao p
n 15 KV
25
T 15 - 35 KV
30
T 60 - 220 KV
40
Nhit ca du b sung khng c khc vi du trong my bin p qu 5 0C. Khi b xung phi b sung loi c mu du ph
hp.
H thng lm mt ( b lm mt du, cc ng du phi c th nghim theo hng dn ca nh ch to ).
Cn thit phi kim tra cch in cu ch nh thng ca my bin p c trung tnh cch in khi in p nh mc pha h p
n 660V.
Cc my bin p c r le hi, phi t cao sao cho np my c dc cao hn t nht 1=2,5% v pha r le hi. on ng dn du
gia bnh gin n ca my bin p v r le hi phi t van.
Cc bnh xe ca my bin p phi c chn chc v mi pha.
Trn ca trm v bung my bin p phi ghi r s hiu my v phi treo bin bo nh nu trn . Ca trm v bung my
bin p phi c kho.
Cc my bin p ngoi tri phi sn mu xm sng.
3.3. Cc thit b chnh lu.
Cc iu quy nh v kim tra , gim st v phi tun th trong mc ny p dng lp rp cc trm i in p c cc chnh lu
in lc loi kim loi, thu ngn, c hc v bn dn.
3.3.1 Cc chnh lu thu ngn khng hn lin ( kiu tho ri ).
Cc chnh lu thu ngn kiu kt cu tho ri phi c lp rp li. Vic m ra v lp rp li cc chnh lu thu ngn phi tin
hnh trong cc gian nh ring cch ly vi cc gian nh khc. Phi thng bo cho mi ngi nhn ra a bn tin hnh cng tc ny.
Vic tho lp phi tun theo cc ti liu hng dn ca nh ch to v phi tun theo cc iu quy nh di y:
(i). Ch tin hnh lp rp li sau khi lp v th nghim h thng lm mt v h thng ht gi.
(ii). Khi lp rp li phi dng cc dng c chuyn dng c lau ra sch du m bng xng.
(iii). Tt c chi tit sau khi rt ra khi v chn khng phi ly giy bc li v vo t c ht gi.
(iv). Nhng chi tit thng xuyn lm vic trong chn khng cn phi clp rp li vi thi gian ngn nht.
(v). Nhng ngi lm cng vic lp rp li chnh lu phi mc o khoc ngoi, i m chp v mang gng tay si trng.
(vi). Khi m cc van ca chnh lu loi axt sau khi lp rp li phi rt ngay chn khng. Rt chn khng ti tr s chnh lu lm
vic lu di.
Khi tin hnh cng vic, nhit trong gian nh kim tra v lp rp li chnh lu thu ngn phi t 25 0C .
Bm ht chn khng th phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:
(1). Thng bm phi y du, tuc bin loi thch hp du phi kh v sch n mc vch du trn knh quan st thy cc b
phn lm vic ca blc bm v van ht nm hon ton trong du.
(2). Du khng c chy hoc d qua vng chn du ca thng bm.
(3). Chiu quay ca trc bm phi ph hp vi chiu quay quy nh ca nh ch to. Cm cho trc quay ngc.
(4). Np van phi c r chnh xc v hon ton p kht vo van.
(5). Van t ng phi c iu chnh thi gian ng v m khng qu 30 giy.
(6). Trong thi gian khng qu 40 pht, bm phi to c mt p sut 40 mmHg trung bnh chn khng th trong dung tch
khong 5 lt.
(7). p sut trong h thng " chn khng th " khng c qu 40 mm Hg.
Bm thu ngn ht " chn khng cao " phi c kim tra cc phn sau:
(i). Lng thu ngn cha trong bu cha thu ngn.
(ii). Tnh trng vi phun.
(iii). S nguyn vn ca m t.
(iv). Gii hn ht ( p sut d khng c qu 0,1 mm Hg ) chn khng k thu ngn phi c kim tra cc phn sau:
(a). S nguyn vn ca b phn bng thu tinh.
(b). Thanh o phi tht ng.
Vic to hnh b sung cc van ca chnh lu thu ngn kiu hn sn: Trong trng hp chng bo qun t lu th tin hnh nh
sau: ng in vo chnh lu trong 2 gi v cho mang ti bng 50% dng in nh mc vi in p Ant c gim xung t
50 - 100 V.
Cc chi tit c kh ca my in t ng tc ng nhanh phi c lau chi ht bi bn, phi c th theo hng dn ca nh ch
to.
B mt ca cc tip im phi c nh sch g, bi bn bng bn chi. Khng c php dng da, hoc dng giy nhp
nh cc mt m bc. Cc mt thng xuyn tip xc nhau trong qu trnh ng ct ca cc li nam chm in ( cun in t ) bn
trong my ct phi c lau bng r tm xng sch.
Phi dng p k kim tra p lc ca cc tip im.
Cc thanh dn khi b nng khng c gy ra ng lc c hc ln cc b phn ca my ct in.
Vi cc chnh lu bn dn:
Cc chnh lu gic-ma-ni v xi-lc phi hon ton kn khi lp, mi b phn kim loi bn ngoi chnh lu phi c bi mt lp
mng vadlin cng nghip.
Cch sn v ghi k hiu:
Cc thit b trong thit ch chnh lu thu ngn v b trao i nhit phi sn bng men hay sn du mu sng. Trn cc cnh tn
nhit Ant nn sn mu en c k vch . Cc kt cu c nh trn thit b sn mu en.
Trn v chnh lu thu ngn phi v mi tn v ghi cc ch ch r tr s in p chnh lu ln nht. Trn cc thit b phi ghi ch
nh trong thit k quy nh.
3.4. Cc bng v t in.
Cc quy nh trong mc ny c p dng kim tra khi lp cc t v bng in cng nh cc chi tit km theo.
3.4.1. Lp cc kt cu, ng h, thit b v h thng thanh ci.
Cc t in v bng in phi c cn chnh cho c cng ng tm v phi c c nh chc chn.
Mi chi tit kim loi khng ct in vi t ( bng ) dng c nh cc thit b v thanh ci u phi bt cho dn in vi v t.
Cc ptmt, cc ng h t ghi v cc r le c nhy cao nn t trn cc m n hi nh cao su dy 3 - 4mm.
Phi kim tra b truyn ng ca cc thit b phi lm vic nh nhng, khng b kt v khng c tu tin ct. Cc thit b b
phn bo v tr lm vic ca cc b truyn ng phi hot ng chnh xc, chiu quay ca b truyn ng cu dao, ptmt cn t
bn cnh cu dao tng ng vi quy nh sau:
- Khi quay ln ng vi v tr ng ca thit b.
- Khi quay xung ng vi v tr ct ca thit b, v tr t cu dao ptmt phi t sao cho h quang pht sinh khi ct khng th
lm h hng cc thit b v cc ng h khc.
Cc hm cu dao v cu chy ng phi t sao cho cc li dao cm vo c nh nhng v kht cht, khng c cc khe h, khng
b vnh b kt.
Lp cc thit b c tip im trt ( cc kho chuyn mch bin tr v.v... ) phi bo m cho cc tip im ng p cht ln cc
tip im c nh.
Khi cc thit b in, cc kp u dy v cc dy dn in in p 380/220V c b tr trn cc ngn gn cc trang thit b c
in p di 220 V th cc b phn mang in phi c bo v trnh trng hp ngi vn hnh hay thao tc v chm phi
m gy tai nn. Nhng ni phi c bin bo v phi sn mu khc nhau.
Vic lp t cc cng tc, cc trang b khi ng, t thanh dn ca mch nh th v ni t cc t, bng in phi theo ng thit
k.
Cc cu ch t trn cc t in phi c ng kn.
Vic ni cc thit b vi thanh ci ca t phi dng bulng hay cht.
Vic ni thanh ghp chnh vi thanh dn r nhnh cng nh gia chng vi nhau trong mt bng in phi hn hay p ( tr nhng
ch ni c lc cn tho ra ) th ni bng bulng.
Cc bulng, ai c v vng m bng thp dng ni cc thanh ci vi nhau hay ni thanh ci vi cc thit b u phi m km.
Ch tip xc ca thit b, ch ni thanh gp bng bulng v cc kp u dy mch o lng, tn hiu u phi b tr ch d
n gn kim tra.
Cc bulng v cht ch c nh cc thit b ng ct cc ngn t u phi c bin php ngn nga t ni lng.
Khong cch d in theo b mt khng c b hn 20mm, cc khe h in khng c b hn 12mm.
3.4 2. Cch sn v ghi k hiu.
Mt trong v mt ngoi ca t v cc chi tit bng kim loi dng c nh cc thit b, ng h, thanh ci, dy dn v cp khng
m km hay m bng kim loi, th phi sn mt lp sn lt sau phi sn ph ln mt lp sn du, sn men mitr mu xm
( sn khng c vt m hay chy ) mun sn mu khc phi c s ng ca c quan giao thu.
Ti cc b phn truyn ng ca thit b phi c bin nh pha chnh din, bin ny c ghi k hiu ch r tn ng dy. Mt sau
ca t in cng phi ghi k hiu tng ng.
Pha sau t c t cc thit b ng ct, mi mch u phi c bin nh c ghi k hiu ch r tn mch dn.
Cc kho, nt n v cn iu chnh phi ghi k hiu ch r tn gi theo s v ni dung thao tc chng. V d: " ng ", " Ct ",
" Tng ", " Gim" v.v... bin bo hiu v cc dng c bo hiu khc u phi ghi r c tnh ca tn hiu. V d:" mc du thp ", "
qu nng " v.v... cc b truyn ng ca thit b ng ct c hp bc kn, hoc t phn sau t nhng c iu khin pha trc
t, u phi ghi r v tr ng, ct v trn cc cu ch phi c ghi dng in thuc loi in p khc nhau, hay loi in khc nhau
u phi ghi k hiu tng ng v d " T in 380 ", " bng in ca b c quy".
3.5. Cc mch th cp.
Cc quy nh trong mc ny p dng rng ri kim tra v hng dn lp t cc dy dn ca mch iu khin, o lng, bo v,
lin ng v tn hiu, ngha l cho tt c cc mch th cp t trong cc ngn thit b phn phi, cc t, bng iu khin, v cc t,
bng iu khin truyn ng cc t, bng iu khin v cc t, bng iu khin truyn ng cc t my cng ngh.
3.5.1. Cc dy dn in.
Khi t dn dn in ca cc mch th cp trong cc ngn thit tr phn phi, t v bng in th cho php:
(i). t trc tip ln mt kim loi hay cch in hoc ln tm hay cng xn. Trong phm vi tng ngn, t in cc gian nh
kh ro cho php t trc tip cc dy dn ln b mt kim loi c chng g v cc dy dn ny c th t st nhau.
(ii). Khi xp thnh nhiu chm hay b theo phng ng hoc ngang khng cn c nh cht dy dn vo cc ngn trn sut ton
b chiu di ca dy ( bin php ny khng p dng cho cc t in trn 1000 V ). Cc chm v b dy phi c kp gi bng
cc ai cch in v cch nhau 150 - 200 mm. Phi ghp chung cc si thuc 1 mch dy, mt t my thnh tng chm.
(iii). t kn trong cc hp hoc trong cc ng c lp m hay lp sn chng g. Trng hp ny khng phi lt thm cch in cho
hp v khng cn c nh dy dn trong hp.
(iv). Khi t dy dn pha sau t, bng in, cho php ko dy theo ng ngn nht t u kp ny n u kp kia, khng cn
c nh dy dn vo mt ca bng in v ghi k hiu cc u dy theo cch thng thng.
Cc dy dn ni vi cc thit b v ng h t trong mt ngn t, c th ni qua hng kp u dy hoc ni trc tip t thit b
ny sang mt thit b khc.
Ch cho php ni u dy dn cc kp u dy hay u cc dn ca ng h v thit b. on dy gia cc kp u dy khng
c ni bng cch hn. Ch cho php ni rut cp kim tra, nu chiu di ch to ca cp ngn hn chiu di thit k.
Cc dy in thoi trn cc bng in k, iu khin t xa v thng tin lin lc phi t thnh chm, vic ni dy in thoi v ni
chng vo thit b cho php ni bng cch hn.
Khong cch gia cc im c nh cp v dy dn t h c cc kiu kp cng phi thc hin ng vi cc s liu quy nh trong
bng sau y:
Khong cch gia cc im c nh cp v dy dn.
M hiu cp v dy dn
Khong cch ( cm )
Theo hng ng
- Cc cp c cch in bng cao su c v bc bng ch,
bng cao su hay bng vinyl v khng c v gai.
300 - 400
250 - 300
250 - 300
175 - 200
(i). t thm vng m rng ca hoc vng m vnh ln cc u dy un thnh vng khuyn.
(ii). p rut dy c nh sch v c bi bt nho vadlin thch anh hay vadlin cng nghip vo u ct v t thm vng
m vnh ln cc u ct.
Phng php "(i)" nn dng cho trng hp kp u dy ca thit b hay ca chi tit vi b mt phng c lp m v c vt tip xc
( cc r le trung gian, my bin dng, hng kp u dy v.v... ).
Phng php "(ii)" nn dng ni vo cc ng h v thit b c kp u dy kiu guging vn ai c ( cc ng h o lng t
bng, cc r le v thit b kiu t mt sau t, bng in )
Cc vng m vnh, l ca cc vng m rng ca phi ph hp vi ng knh ca vt kp u dy.
p rut dy nhm vo u ct, nn dng km chuyn dng km theo b khun dp tng t nh b khun dng cho rut ng
nhng c kch thc ph hp vi mt ct rut nhm v ng knh ca vt tip xc.
3.5.2. Cc hng kp u dy.
Kiu hng kp u dy phi ph hp vi in p ca mch in. Cc kp u dy thuc nhng i tng khc nhau phi chia
thnh tng nhm ring. Khi t chung cc kp u dy c in p khc nhau th cc kp u dy ca mch in t 380/220V tr
ln phi c tch ring, phi c np y v phi c ch ch r s tr in p.
Cc kp u dy ca mch ct hay mt rle tc ng ct i qua khng c t gn nhng kp u dy c cc tnh hay pha khc
tn ca ngun in thao tc Gia cc kp u dy c cc tnh hay tn pha khc nhau nn 1 s kp trng ( khng u dy vo ).
Cc kp u dy trong thit tr phn phi trn 1000V, cc cm tip im ca my ct in v dao cch ly phi b tr khi kim tra
hoc x l chng, vn khng phi ct in mch s cp.
Cc kp u dy khng c h hng, cu bn v phi c c nh chc chn. Cc hng kp u dy t trn cc ngn t thit tr
phn phi phi c cc hp che y chc chn. Khong cch gia thnh hp dn cc kp u dy khng c nh hn 40mm. Cc
mp hp phi cch cc dy dn t nht 15mm.
Cc hng kp u dy c th t ng hoc t ngang, cho php t nging cc kp u dy ( so vi mt t hoc bng ). Khi t
ngang th hng kp u dy di cng nn t cao hn nn t nht l 30mm.
Khi t t hai hng kp u dy tr ln th khong cch gia cc hng khng c nh hn 150mm.
Cho php t hai vng khuyn ca cc rut ng vo mt vt ca kp u dy. Khng cho php t hai rut nhm vo mt vt nu
ch ni khng c nhng kp u dy c cu to c bit.
i vi cc kp u dy c kiu cm ch cho php t vo mt rut ng hay mt rut nhm v mt pha.
3.5.3. Cc k hiu.
Cc dy dn ca mch th cp c ni vo hng kp u dy, cc tip im ca ng h, thit b v bn thn cc hng kp u
dy u phi c k hiu bn chc v r rng ( bng sn, bng mc sn... ) theo ng ch dn ca thit k.
Cc bin nh cui u dy ghi k hiu v cc ng ghen bc cc u dy phi lm bng vt liu cch in. Ch cho php lm
bng kim loi nu nh chng khng chm vo rut mng in cc u ct. Cc bin nh ny khng cho php lp vo u dy hoc
rut cp di hnh thc treo.
cho cc k hiu trn cc biu nh v trn cc kp dy khng b m, b bm bn. Phi dng loi vt liu trong sut bo v
chng, hoc qut ln mt lp sn trong sut.
3.6. H thng c qui t c nh.
Cc quy nh trong mc ny c p dng kim tra v hng dn lp cc t c quy axt v kim t c nh.
3.6.1. H thng thanh dn.
Nn dng cc thanh dn trn bng thp, ng, nhm.
Cc Puli hay cch in c nh thanh dn phi c lp chc chn vo cc chn cch in hay mc cch in c trn thm dy
gai hay dy ay tm du sn.
(i) Accu phi c th t trn cc vt cch in hay cc ng thu tinh. Trng hp ny trn phim g ca gi x rnh t ng,
rnh phi sn bng loi sn chu kim.
(ii) Gia y mi bnh accu v vt cch in hay ng thu tinh phi c m lt bng cht do. Cho php dng tm lt bng tn c
sn nha ng. i vi accu nh khng nht nhit phi c m lt.
(iii) Khong cch gia cc bnh accu phi bng 50 mm. Nu c m lt gia cc bnh th vn phi m bo khong cch trn.
(iv) Khi ni cc bnh accu phi vn cht cc ai c.
Khi rt cht in phn vo accu axt phi tun theo cc yu cu sau:
(i) Dung dch nc ct v axitsunfua - rc dng lm cht in phn phi m bo theo tiu chun hin hnh.
(ii) Mc ca cht in phn phi cao hn mp trn ca cc bn cc t nht l 10 mm.
Khi rt cht in phn vo accu kim phi tun theo cc yu cu sau:
(i) Cht in phn phi l dung dch hyrxyt kali hau hyrxyt natri c pha thm mnhyrat hyroxtliti, dng nc ct iu
ch dung dch in phn.
(ii) Khi rt cht in phn vo accu mc cht in phn theo bng II- 6.
Phi mt lp du vadlin ln trn mt cht in phn ca accu, nu khng c vadlin th dng du ho vi s lng qui nh
theo bng sau y:
Mc cht in phn tr4n cc bn cc accu kim.
Kim accu
10-12
12-15
40
25
30
30
60
Kim accu
15
18
20
Cc bnh accu axt sau 2 n 4 gi k t khi xong cht in phn vo accu, mi c np in. Phi np ng qui nh ca nh
ch to, sau ln np u tin phi t c dung lng t nht bng dung lng ca ch phng 10 gi.
Vic np in c xem nhu kt thc khi:
(i) in p ca mi bnh accu trong lc np in gi nguyn khng i mc 2,75 V trong 1 gi lin.
(ii) Nng cht in phn ngng tng trong 1 gi lin.
(iii) Cht in phn si mnh thnh nhng bt kh ln.
(iv) in p ca mi bnh accu sau khi ngng np l 2,05 - 2,1V.
(v) Khi phng in trong 10 gi lin tc dng in phng qui nh, in p ca mi bnh accu cui thi k phng khng c nh
hn 1,8V v in p chnh lch gia cc bnh khng c qu 0,1V.
Vic np accu kim c xem nh kt thc khi:
(i) in p ca mi bnh accu trong lc np in gi nguyn khng i mc 1,8 - 2V trong 1 gi lin.
(ii) Khi phng in trong 8 gi lin tc vi dng in phng qui nh in p trn mi bnh accu khng c gim xung di 1
vn.
3.6.3. Thit b ph.
Vic lp b chuyn mnh phi tun theo cc iu kin sau:
(i) Cc chi in phi trt theo cc phn tip xc v p cht vo chng khi chuyn tip t phin ny sang phin khc, chi khng
c gy gin on mch in.
(ii) C cu ca b chuyn mnh phi lm vic mt cch nh nhng, u n v dt khot.
(iii) S lng bnh accu phng in khng c vt qu s lng bnh accu c np in ng thi.
(iv) S lng bnh accu c phng hoc c np phi tng dn ln, i vi b chuyn mch truyn ng bng tay th tng s
lng bnh bng cch quay tay quay phng hoc tay quay np, theo chiu kim ng h, cn i vi b chuyn mnh kiu phng c
xec-v-mt-t th khi tng s bnh th thanh ngang di chuyn ln trn.
3.6.4. Cch sn v k hiu:
Cc kt cu c nh cc Pu-li hay vt cch in v thanh dn phi sn tht cn thn bng sn chu axt hoc chu kim. C
th dng sn men mu xm sng loi chu axt.
Cc accu axt hay accu kim t trong cc t ht, mt trong ca t phi sn bng sn chu axt hay chu kim cho tng loi accu.
Cc bnh accu phi c nh s th t, s th t phi ghi tn cc bin nh bng nha v gn vo phn gi accu.
i vi accu axt cho php dng bin chi cn vi accu kim cho php dng bin thp c sn bng sn chu kim.
3.7- Cc thit tr t nhin nng cao h s cng sut.
Cc qui nh trong mc ny c p dng lp cc b t in hoc tng bnh t in loi cch in giy tm du nng cao h
s cng sut ca thit tr in xoay chiu tn s 50 Hz v in p n 10 KV.
3.7.1.Cc t in.
Khi lp cc t in phi tun theo cc qui nh:
(i). Cc t in mt pha phi b tr trn khung mi pha ca b t hoc mi nhnh trong mi pha u c dao cch ly ring. Tng
dung lng danh nh khng c sai khc vi dung lng trung bnh ca 1 pha ca b t in, hay dung lng trung bnh ca 1
nhnh tng ng qu 5%.
(ii) iu chnh cc t in t theo hng ng v hng ngang, cho php dng cc m cn chnh bng thp, cc m ny
phi hn lin vo khung.
(iii) Cc t in phi t sao cho cc nhn ghi thng s ca chng phi quay v pha hnh lang phc v.
(iv) Khe h gia y ca cc t in hng di cng vi nn nh hay vi y h gom du, khng c b hn 100mm.
Vic b tr cc thanh dn v phng php ni chng vo t in phi m bo vic thanh t in c thun tin trong qu trnh
khai thc, mun vy cc t in phi c ni vo thanh ci chung ca b t theo kiu phn nhnh bng cc u ni kiu cht
cm.
H thng thanh dn khng c to nn lc un trn cc cch in u ra ca t in.
Vic ni t t in phi lm theo cc yu cu trong mc ni t. c bit mi v bnh t phi c ni bng cch: ni v vi
khung t b t in hoc vi ng trc ni t.
Dy dn ni t phi oc b tr khng cn tr vic thay cc t in trong khi khai thc.
3.7.2. Cch sn v k hiu.
S th t ca cc bnh t in phi k bng sn chu du ln thnh bnh ca mi t in, v quay v pha hnh lang.
Cc cch in u ra ca cc t in phi nh s (1 v 2 i vi cc t in 1 pha v 1,2,3, i vi cc t in 3 pha) bng sn
chu du ln np bnh, cnh nhng cch in u ra tng ng.
Th t cc s phi ging nhau i vi tt c mi bnh t in (v d bt u t cch in tm nhn ghi thng s ca nh ch to).
S hiu ca mi nhnh phi ghi:
(1). cnh b truyn ng dao cch ly ca nhnh.
(2). Trn khung ca b t in hay trn tng gn nhnh.
(3). Trn cc ca trong trng hp nhnh c b tr trong tng thi gian.
CHNG IV
CC THIT B IN LC
4.1 - Cc my in.
Nhng qui nh trong mc ny p dng kim tra vic lp t cc my in thuc loi cng sut v in p dng truyn
ng cc my mc (c cu) v bin i in nng. Khi a n ni lp t my in, c th c lp t trn b hoc gm
nhiu b phn tho ri.
Nhng qui nh ny khng p dng lp t my pht in tua bin hi, my pht in tua bin nc, tua bin kh, izen, my b
ng b, ng c in ca u ko, tu thu v cc my in chuyn dng khc.
Vic ng in, cc my in xoay chiu khng cn sy phi cn c vo cc kt qu kim tra s b cch in cc cun dy, kim
tra phi tin hnh theo qui trnh xc nh kh nng ng in vo cc my in xoay chiu khng cn sy.
Khi cch in ca cc cun dy my in khng m bo, nht thit phi sy v x l trc khi ng in.
4.1.1. Cc mng, gi trt v bulng.
B mt ca cc mng cha c cn chnh, ch c php c cc ch
(3) Trc khi t cc trc vo cc , phi dng Mgomet 1000V o in tr cch in ca tr trc vi my. Tr s
in tr cch in khng c nh hn 0,5 MQ i vi ng c in, v 1,0 MQ i vi cc my pht in. Khi xit cht cc
bu lng c nh tr v my. Cc kt qu o lng phi ghi vo bin bn hay h s lp t my.
Phi chnh lp cc bc, trc kiu trt theo ng hng dn ca nh ch to. Nu khng c cc ti liu hng dn th tun theo
cc iu kin sau:
(i) Lp ghp trc vo trt bi trn bng vng u theo kiu lp lng cp 4 (C4) cho cc my d 1000 vng / pht v theo kiu
lp lng cp 5 (L5) cho cc my t 1000 vng / pht tr ln.
Khe h gia c trc v bc trc, phi tng ng vi cc s liu bng sau y:
Khe h gia c trc v bc trc.
ng knh danh nh
ca trc (mm)
nh nht
ln nht
nh nht
ln nht
T 80 n 120
0,08
0,12
0,12
0,17
120 - 180
0,1
0,15
0,15
0,21
180 - 200
0,12
0,18
0,18
0,25
260 - 360
0,14
0,21
0,21
0,29
360 - 500
0,17
0,24
0,25
0,34
Vic ni trc ca my in vi trc ca c cu hoc vi my in khc bng dy curoa nh hoc dy curoa hnh thang phi tun
theo cc iu kin sau:
(i). Phn di ca dy curoa phi l phn dn ng.
(ii). Phn dy thm ca mi ni phi t quay ra pha ngoi ca dy cu roa.
(iii). ng tim ca trc my in v ca trc c cu ghp ni vi n phi song song. Cc rng rc (Pu-li) phi cng nm trn mt
mt phng.
(iv). Cc gi trt phi c di d tr cng thm dy cu roa khi cn.
Vic ni trc my in vi trc c cu hay vi trc my in khc bng khp ni, phi thc hin theo cc iu kin sau y:
(1) ng trn (ng trc) ca cc trc c ni trc tip vi nhau phi thng u khng c gy khc. ng tim ca cc trc
ni vi nhau phi trng nhau, khng ph thuc vo cc ni cht, cng hay n hi.
(2) Cc mt u ca trc ni vi nhau theo kiu ni cht song song vi nhau. Phi kim tra bng cch o khe h gia cc mt u
trc. Khi o phi tho cc bu lng ni trc v cc na khp ra trong phm vi iu chnh. o tr s ca khe h ng trc v hng
tm ti 4 im khi quay c 2 trc vi cc gc 90o, 120o, 270o, 360o. Kt qu o khng c chnh lch qu tr s cho trong bng
nu. Khong cch gia cc mt u ca cc na, mt ghp phi c xc nh theo cc ch dn ca nh ch to, hoc theo cc khe
h theo chiu trc rto cc my in ni vi nhau.
(i). Cc l hai mt khp ni trng nhau.
(ii). Cc ai c ca bu lng ni phi c hm li trnh t tho lng.
chnh xc khi gia cng cc trc ca khp ni pu-li v bnh rng, v vic lp ghp chng ln trc my in phi ph hp vi
tiu chun hin hnh ca nh nc v vi qui nh ca nh ch to.
Khi doa phi m bo ng tm ca l thng gc vi khp ni u trc.
rung cc trc ca ng c in khng c vt qu cc tr s:
- Khi tc quay 3000 vng/pht l 0,05 mm
- Khi tc quay 1500 vng/pht l 0,01 mm
- Khi tc quay 1000 vng/pht l 0,13 mm
- Khi tc quay 750 vng/pht l 0,16 mm
Cc gi chi than ca cc my in c vn chuyn n di hnh thc tho ri, phi lp li ng theo hng dn ca nh ch
to. Nu khng c th phi theo cc yu cu sau:
(i) Khong cch gia cc gi chi than theo chu vi c gp c o theo cc mp chi than phi bng nhau. Sai s cc khong
cch ny (ly tr s trung bnh) khng c php vt qu:
- 2% i vi cc my in di 200 kw.
- 0,5% i vi my in trn 200 kw.
(ii) Khong cch t mt c gp n vng chi than khng c ln qu 2 ~ 4 mm (tu theo ng knh c gp v kch thc
chi than). Cc khong cch phi bng nhau c mp u v cui ca vng. Mt trong ca chi than phi phng, u v sch,
khng c vt xc v g sc.
(iii) Cc gi chi than phi t theo th t hnh c cho mt c gp mn u. Nh vy phi iu chnh cc chi than sao cho
cc chi khc cc k tip nhau trt theo mt ng trn mt phng c ghp.
(iv) Cc gi chi than kiu mp vt phi t sao cho khi my quay cc phin c gp chy hng v pha gc nhn ca chi.
Khi lp cc chi than vo gi , phi tun theo cc iu kin sau:
(i) M hiu chi than phi ph hp vi s liu ca nh ch to vi kiu v tnh cht lm vic ca my in.
(ii) Cn chi than phi lp theo vch du ca nh ch to, ng thi cc my in c cc ph th cc chi than phi t theo
ng trung tnh.
(iii) Cc chi than c th b lt vo vng chi than mt cch t do vi khe h 0,1 - 0,4 mm theo hng quay, v 0,2 - 0,5 mm
theo hng ng tim ca c gp, cc my in khuch i cc khe h ca chi than trong cc vng khng c ln qu
0,08 - 0,1 mm theo hng quay v 0,15 - 0,2 mm theo hng tim c gp.
(iv) Cc chi than phi p st ton b mt tip xc ca chng vo c gp in.
(v) p lc ca chi than ln c gp o bng lc k phi ph hp vi m hiu chi than (khong 150 - 250 g/cm 2). ng thi p lc
ca tng chi than khng c sai khc 10% so vi p lc trung bnh.
(vi) Cc dy bn mm dn in ca chi than phi c lp chc vo cn gi chi than v chi than khng c x dch mt
cch t do trong cc vng .
(vii) Cc mp u (mp ti) ca chi than mi cn phi nm ln cnh bn ca phin gp.
Ton b b mt lm vic ca chi than phi p kht vo c gp in v p kht vo vng tip xc. Khng c treo lch ra ngoi
mp c gp v vng tip xc, v phi tnh n khe h.
C cu nng chi than ca ng c khng ng b rto kiu cun dy, phi m bo ch nng c chi than ln sau khi ni tt
cc vng tip xc. Phi nh du v tr khi ng v lm vic vo cn iu khin ca c cu nng chi than:
4.3. Thng gi bi trn
Cc v bn ca my in c thng gi cng bc phi c lp cht vi thn my.
S r r khng kh nhng my c khng kh vo trong my v kh nng xut hin ng nc phi khng ch ti mc ti thiu,
do :
Cc ca ra vo ca cc trm ng lc, cc bng t in ca phng iu khin v cc thit b khc u phi c kho chc chn.
Cc thit b u phi che chn trnh cc ngun nhit bn ngoi (cc l cng nghip, l si. . .) nh hng vo.
Cch in ca thit b v cun dy bo qun lu trong kho hay ngoi tri b m u phi c sy.
4.5.2. Cc khi ng t, tcte, ptmt.
Khi t cc khi ng t, tcte, ptmt kiu h (khng c hp che) phi m bo khong cch ti thiu ( kh h quang) t
bung dp h quang n cc b phn mang in gn nht ca cc thit b khc, v n cc kt cu ni t.
Khi t khi ng t khng c t nghing qu 5o so vi phng thng ng.
Cc b phn ng ca thit b phi chuyn ng mt cch nh nhng v khi ng ct khng c mc kt. Cc dy ni nm bn
trong thit b khng c cn tr s chuyn ng ca cc b phn. Phn ng in ca nam chm ng phi bt cht vo li thp.
Cho php h thng t c c ting ku r r u n chng t thit b hot ng bnh thng.
Trn b mt tip im ca thit b khng c c cc vt chy xi do nng qu, cc tip im phi nh sch theo ch dn ca
nh ch to v khng c bi m, cc phn tip im ca cc tcte khi bt u chm vo nhau cho n lc ng hon ton,
phi to nn s tip xc ng trn ton b chiu rng, khng c ch h v vnh, lch nhn c bng mt. Cc lc p, khe h
chun ca cc tip im chnh v ph phi theo ng ch dn ca nh ch to. Cc bung dp h quang u phi c t vo v tr
theo ng qui nh trong cu to ca thit b.
Kho lin ng c kh ca cc tcte, ca khi ng t o mch v.v... khng c cn tr n s ng t do v ng hon ton
chnh ca mi mt thit b c lin ng.
Cc thit b khi ng ct, phi tc ng dt khot khng chm tr, khng b mc kt. Khi mt in hay rle tc ng, h thng
chuyn ng ca thit b tr v v tr ban u do tc ng ca l xo tip im hay do trng lng bn thn.
4.5.3. Cc bin tr v in tr.
Khi t cc bin tr kiu cun dy hay kiu phin phi m bo khng kh lm mt c th lu thng d dng t di ln v thot
ra pha trn bin tr, khong cch gia bin tr v sn nh t nht l 100 mm.
Cc bin tr c du phi c dy bin p n vch du b phn ch mc du. Cc bin tr loi c thng c th h xung
c, kh t phi m bo cn li mt khong trng cn thit gia bin tr v thng c h xung.
Cc li dao ca bin tr 3 pha kiu c cht lng phi c ngp chm vo cht lng. Khi mi pha c 1 thng th dung dch trong
c 3 thng phi c cng mt nng .
C cu ca bin tr phi lm vic nh nhng, trn tru, cc bin tr c cc nc nh v th khi chuyn t nc ny sang nc khc th
phi nh v nc dt khot v chnh xc.
Cc chi in c p ln cc tip im tnh vi mt tip xc t nht 75%.
Cc tip im kiu hnh trnh v cc tip im tn hiu lin ng ca cc bin tr c truyn ng bng ng c phi hiu chnh
m bo tin cy. Khi bin tr truyn ng bng xch th cho php xch c di ng t do trong gii hn na mt xch.
Khi lp cc hp in tr phi m bo cc phn t in tr trong hp u trn mt phng thng ng. Khng cho t cc in tr
gn nh nhng b phn pht nhit. Khng cho php t chng ln nhau qu 4 hp in tr ( m bo n nh v trnh pht nng
qu mc). Khi c gi th cho php t chng ln nhau khng qu 7 ci. Khong cch t cc b phn mang in ca cc hp
in tr n cc ro chn bng kim loi kn (khng c l rng) t nht l 100 mm.
Vi in tr c hp phi m bo cho lung khng kh d dng lu thng t di ln lm mt cc b phn in tr.
Cc l xo b tr p cc cm in tr, phi tip xc cht n ht c.
Cch in ca cc dy ni vi hp in tr phi bc i 1 on t nht l 100 mm t u cc. Khng c t dy dn c cch in
bn trn cc bin tr. Khi ni cc hp in tr vi nhau nn dng thanh dn hay dy trn.
4.5.4 Trm iu khin, b khng ch (controleur ) cng tc hng trnh, nam chm hm.
Cc bng ca trm iu khin phi t trn mt chung (bng st L hay st U) chn vo nn nh. Cc mt phng, cc trng
cha lp thit b trn bng phi dng tn bt li.
Cc tip im ca b khng ch phi c hiu chnh ( h xung v lc p ca con trt) theo ch dn ca nh ch to. Khi mi,
r cc con trt v m hnh qut phi dng a mn khng c dng giy gip.
Cc puli ca tay n dng tch m cc tip im trong b khng ch v trong thit b iu khin kiu cam, khi di chuyn theo
bnh cam phi quay v khng c trt.
Cc tip im ca b khng ch kiu tang trng (cc con trt v m hnh qut) phi c bi mt lp mng vadlin cng nghip.
Cn b khng ch kiu cam v thit b iu khin, khng c dng vadlin bi ln cc tip im.
Tang trng hay trc ca b khng ch v ca thit b iu khin, phi quay nh nhng khng b hm v phi c sn nh v chc
chn tng nc ca n.
Chiu chuyn ng ca tay quay v v lng, nn b tr tng ng vi chiu chuyn ng ca c cu b iu khin.
Cc rng trong b truyn ng bnh rng v trong b iu tc phi n khp vi nhau trong sut hnh trnh ca n. B truyn ng
phi c bi trn v khng b hc kt khi lm vic.
Phi kim tra s lm vic chnh xc ca cc tip im ng trong cng tc hnh trnh theo biu trnh t ng cc tip im. Cc
b phn phi chuyn ng nh nhng, khng b hc kp. Khng c bi m ln cc tip im ca cng tc hnh trnh.
Vic lp t v hiu chnh cng tc hnh trnh (cc khe h v lc nn ca cc tip im) phi lm ng theo ch dn ca nh ch
to.
Vic lp nam chm in xoay chiu vi b truyn ng hay b hm, phi m bo mt nhn phn ng ca nam chm khi b ht
hon ton phi chm vo mt nhn ca li,
Cc mt ny phi sch, khng c c vt lm v phi c lau sch lp vadlin bo qun. Nam chm in khng c ku qu
to.
trnh cho phn ng ca nam chm khng p vo y ca n th: khi v tr ca phn ng khng c tin n gii hn, m
phi cch ng mt khong cch t nht l 10% ton b hnh trnh.
Hnh trnh ca li nam chm hm in mt chiu, phi c hiu chnh v tr ng th li khng dnh lin vo np v tr st
li , khng c tin n gii hn m phi cch y mt khong t nht l 10% ton b hnh trnh.
m cn khng kh ca nam chm hm, phi c hiu chnh khi ht li khng b p mnh vo ct ht hnh cn v khi
hm in nhanh v dt khot.
4.5.5 Nhng c im khi lp thit b trong cc gian d n.
Khi lp cc thit b in trong gian d n phi theo ng cc ch dn ca nh ch to. c bit phi thc hin ng h qui nh
gia mt tip gip ca tng b phn v chng n cu thit b. Cc mt tip gip phi c lau sch, bi bn v sn khng c
h hng. Cm sn hay bi du m ln cc mt tip gip. Phi xit u cc bulng c nh cc b phn v chng n ca thit b,
mc du trong cc thit b c du, phi tng ng vi vch du ca nh ch to. Cc thit b b tr sao cho cc khe h mt bch ca
v bc loi khng b xuyn thng, khi n phi nm cch xa mt tng v thit b cng ngh t nht l 100 mm.
4.5.6. Cch sn v cch k hiu:
Cc bng iu khin, bng t, thit b khi ng iu chnh b in tr, cu ch, u phi ghi k hiu ch s chng thuc v ng
c hoc my mc no. Ngoi ra cn phi ghi dng in danh nh ca dy chy.
Cc b khng ch cc thit b iu khin, kho chuyn mch vn nng, ngoi cc k hiu trn s cn phi ghi r cng dng v
chc nng ca chng. mi v tr tay quay chy ngng tin li. Phi c mi tn ch chiu quay ca v lng hoc tay quay,
truyn ng ca thit b. Mi tn phi v ch d thy khi iu khin b truyn ng.
Cc n tn hiu, ng h v thit b bo hiu u phi c ch ghi gn nh t. Bn trong t cng phi ghi r k hiu ca cc
ng dy v dng in danh nh ca dy chy.
4.6 - Thit b in ca cc my trc chuyn v cc dy (thanh) trly.
Cc qui nh mc ny c p dng lp cc thit b in ca my trc, my vn chuyn hng, my luyn cc, xe ch, bng ti
my, luyn kim c bit v cc phng tin trc chuyn khc t trong nh v ngoi tri.
Mc ny b sung cc yu cu c bn nu cc mc khc v vic lp cc dy dn v thit b khi ng iu chnh.Trong mc
ny cn qui nh cc yu cu lp t dy trly phn xng v my trc.
b) Cc tip im cui hnh trnh hay cc hn ch hnh trnh ca c cu nng phi t sao cho mc cp ca my trc ngng li cch
v tr gii hn trn cng t nht l 200 mm.
c) Cc bulng c nh tip im cui hnh trnh phi c ai c hm.
Chiu di v v tr thc ct ca tip im cui hnh trnh phi m bo cho cn trc hay xe ra ang di chuyn phi ngng li
cch trc hm gii hn t nht l 200 mm. Khi thc ct phi hon ton loi tr c kh nng tip im cui hnh trnh quay
v v tr ban u, ngay c trong trng hp cn trc hay xe ra tip tc di chuyn cho n lc ng phi tr gi hn. Chiu
rng thc ct cng phi tnh n kh nng cn trc xe ra b lch ngang.
Khong cch theo hng thng ng gia thc ct vi ng tim ca cn gt, khng c lch qu 2% so vi kch thc thit
k.
Thc ct v kt cu ca n phi c kh nng iu chnh c. Sau khi lp thc xong, phi dng bulng hm c nh chc
chn.
Cc thc ct hn ch hnh trnh ca 2 my trc k cnh nhau, phi m bo cc my trc ngng hn khi cn cch nhau 0,4 m.
Khi cc thc ct phi m bo iu kin nu trn, khng cho tip im cui hng trnh quay v v tr ban u.
Cc tip im, cc bulng chn v l so dng a cc cng tc s c v cng tc kiu li dao tr li v tr ban u, phi c
hiu chnh theo ng hng dn ca nh ch to.
trnh lm h hng s tip xc gia cc phin ca b chnh lu bn dn t b chnh lu trn m n hi.
Cc thit b hm cn phi:
a. Lm vic nhanh dt khot, khng b va p.
b. v tr nh th gia ai phanh hay guc phanh (m phanh) v puli phi c khe h u (1 - 2mm).
c. Khng cho cn trc v cc b phn ca n (mc, gu, ngom, xe ra) chy theo qun tnh qu gii hn thit k 15 - 25 mm. Cc
bu lng c nh nam chm, phi c ai c hm.
Ghi ch: Vic lp rp v hiu chnh cc b phn c kh ca phanh phi do n v lp rp c kh lm.
4.6.3. Cc dy hoc thanh trly.
Cc dy trly t dc dm cn trc phi m bo ngi v khng chm vo khi ng sn cn trc, bung iu khin v
sn ngh; hoc c phi ro chn theo ng thit k. Li chn gia dy trly chnh v bung iu khin cn trc phi c chiu
rng nh cn trc.
Khong h gia cc b phn mng in ca dy trly vi nhau v gia cc b phn mang in v cc kt cu khng cch in
vi t phi t t nht l 500 mm.
Cc hp cu dao cung cp in cho cc dy trly phn xng v cu dao ca cc on dy trly dng cha cn trc phi
c cc tip im nhn thy khi chng v tr ct, cn iu khin cu dao phi c c cu kho, v tr ct v phi c cc ch th v tr
ng ct.
4.6.4. Cc thanh trly lp cng.
Cc thanh trly phi c nn thng, chng phi c c nh chc loi tr kh nng x dch theo phng hng thng gc
vi ng tim ca thanh.
Trn ton b chiu di ca chng, cc thanh trly khng c lch khi ng tim chnh ca chng qu 10 mm theo mt
ngang v 20 mm theo mt phng ng.
Vic t cc b dn n nhit phi lm theo cc iu kin sau:
a) Khe h gia cc u thanh ch khe co dn ca nh phi m bo cho m nhn in c th trt qua c d dng v t do.
Mp ca mt tip xc ca thanh ch khe h phi c da trn nhn.
b) im chnh gia mi thanh trong hai ci b dn n phi c c nh cht. Cn nhng im khc phi c nh sao cho thanh
vn x dch dc c.
Cc on thanh trly bng thp dng sa cha cu trc, phi cch ly vi cc thanh chnh bng khong h khng kh, phi mi
da nhn mt ca cc thanh m nhn in khi b kt, khi trt qua ch ni thanh. Phi t gi c hai pha ch ni.
Dy dn ni vo thanh trly bng thp treo cng phi c u ct v c th c nh u ct ny trc tip vi thanh hoc qua mt
ming hn p.
Mt tip xc ca ming thp hn c hay ca thanh trly, phi c nh sng bng v bi mt lp mng vadlin cng nghip.
Nu mi trng c ho cht n mn, th sau khi ni xong phi qut ln mt lp sn chng n mn. Cc ch ni bng bulng phi
c hm cht trnh t tho. Trn cc thanh trly phi t n bo hiu c in.
Cc dy dn hay thanh dn trn t dc theo thanh trly bng thp cung cp in cho chng, phi tip xc chc chn vi cc
thanh.
Khi dng dy dn hay thanh dn nhm, th phi ni chng vo cc thanh trly theo ng thit k.
4.6.5 Cc dy trly treo vng.
Cc dy trly khng c x dch khi ng tim gia theo phng thng ng ca cc gi dy qu 20 mm.
Cc kp u dy phi cho php iu chnh lc cng dy. Khi lc cng dy trly di 600 kg th cho php c nh dy bng cch
buc ln cc vt cch in, cn khi lc cng trn 600 kg phi dng cc kho kp thch hp.
Khi cn trc hay xe ra ca my trc quay n v tr tn cng, th m nhn in ca n cch ph kin c nh u dy trly t
nht 200 mm.
CHNG V
400
200
500
300
800
400
1200
600
CHNG VI
H THNG NI T
Khi lp t h thng ni t cc thit b in xoay chiu v mt chiu phi tun theo cc hng dn v thi cng v nghim thu
vit ti chng ny.
6.1 Yu cu chung.
Phi ni t cc b phn kim loi ca cc thit b in v ca cc thit b in c th mang in p nu cch in b hng.
a. i vi in xoay chiu hoc mt chiu c in p t 500 vn tr ln trong mi trng hp.
b. i vi in xoay chiu v 1 chiu c in p trn 12 vn cc gian nh nguy him v c bit nguy him cng nh cc thit
b ngoi tri.
Khng phi ni t cc thit tr in xoay chiu n 12 vn v thit tr in 1 chiu 110 vn tr trng hp c quy nh ring.
Trong cc gian d n v cc thit tr d n t ngoi tri, phi theo nhng yu cu khc vi mi trng bnh thng nh sau :
a. Cc thit tr in xoay chiu di 127 vn v 1 chiu di 220 vn u phi ni t.
b. Khi ni t phi dng dy dn trn hoc dy bc cch in chuyn dng ni t hay cc dy trung tnh. Vic li dng cc kt
cu nh ng, dn v ko, v ch ca cp v.v... ch c coi l bin php ph.
c. Cc tuyn ni t chnh phi c u vo cc vt ni t t nht 2 im v nn ni ti cc u hi ca nh.
Cc b phn phi ni t l:
a- V my in, my bin p, cc thit b, cc n chiu sng v.v....
b- B truyn ng ca cc kh c in.
c- Cc cun dy th cp ca my bin in o lng.
STT
Tn gi
n v o lng
Cch t dy dn
Trong nh
Cc thit b ngoi
Chn di t
tri
Dy dn trn
/ knh mm
10
10
12
Dy dn mt ct ch nht
Mt ct mm2
64
64
64
Thp gc
Chiu dy bn mm
Chiu dy thnh ng
2,5
2,5
2,5
Chiu dy
1.5
lm cc vt ni t nhn to nn dng:
a- Thp gc hay cc kim loi ng thng ng v.v...
b- Cc thanh thp dt, thp trn v.v... t nm ngang kch thc nh nht ca cc vt ni c quy nh trong bng VI-1, mi
trng d b n mn nn dng cc vt ni t m ng hay m km.
Nn p dng cc vt ni t kiu chn su, nhng vt ni t ny c kt hp t trong lc thi cng mng cc cng trnh xy
dng dn dng v cng nghip cng nh dy dn in trn khng.
6.2 t cc dy ni t.
lm cc dy ni t th trc ht phi s dng:
a- Cc dy trung tnh ca cc li in cung cp.
b- Cc kt cu kim loi ca nh ( cc dn, ko, ct ...).
c- Cc kt cu kim loi dng cho sn xut ( cc dm, cn trc, cc khung thit b phn phi, cc lan can, cc sn thao tc, bung
thang my, cc my nng, my cu v.v...).
d- Cc ng thp lun dy in.
e- Cc v ch v v nhm ca cp.
g- Cc ng kim loi, ng dn nc, thot nc, ng dn nhit v.v... ( tr ng ng dn nhin liu v kh d chy n ) u c th
dng lm y ni t cho cc thit tr in di 1000 vn.
Trong cc trng hp k trn, cc dy dn dng ni t u phi c ni chc chn vi h thng ni t hay vi dy trung
tnh.
Cc dy dn hay cc b phn ni trn c th lm cc vt ni t duy nht nu chng tho mn c cc yu cu chung ca
chng ny.
Dy dn ni t thng thng dng bng thp. Yu cu ny khng p dng cho cc dng c hoc thit b dng in di ng, cc
ng cp chiu sng thuc h thng 3 pha 4 dy v nhng trng hp dng thp s gp kh khn v mt kt cu.
Cc dy dn ni t bng thp phi c mt ct khng b hn cc s liu nu trong bng V-1.
Cm dng cc dy dn trn bng nhm chn trong t lm cc vt ni t hay dy dn ni t.
cc thit tr in di 1000 vn th dy dn ni t bng ng hoc bng nhm phi c mt ct khng b hn cc s liu trong
bng VI-2.
Bng VI-2.
Mt ct nh nht ca cc dy ni t bng ng v nhm cc thit tr in di 1000 vn.
Mt ct dy dn mm2
STT
Tn gi dy dn
Bng ng
Cc dy dn trn khi t h
C dy dn cch in
Bng nhm
1.5
2.5
1.5
Cc dy t h trong nh khi giao cho vi cc rnh ( nhng ch c ti trng nng di ng qua li ) phi c bo v chc chn
trnh b h hng c hc.
Cc dy ni t khi t ngang qua cc khe ni gin n ca pha ( khe co gin ) phi c vt m n hi co gin . dn in ca
vt m phi bng dn in ca on dy ni t c cng chiu di.
Cc tm hay gc ni dy ni t di ng tm thi phi c lm sch v bi vadlin. Cc tm hay cc gc ny phi hn vo cc
dy ni t hoc cc kt cu kim loi c ni t ca cc h thng thanh ci trn cc t phn phi, cc trm bin p ngoi
tri.....
t dng lp rnh cp c t dy ni t phi khng c v rc ri ln vo.
Cm dng cc ng dn nc n mng n gia sc v n cc thit b vt sa tri chn nui gia sc lm dy ni t.
Ni cc dy ni t vo kt cu c ni t phi bng hn, cn khi ni vo cc v cc thit b, cc my in v.v... c th dng
hn hoc dng bu lng bt ni, ch hay b chn ng, hay b rung phi c bin php chng hin tng t tho ca ai c
ch tip xc ( dng ai c hm vng m hm v.v... ) khi ni t cc thit b thng hay b tho ra hoc t trn cc b phn
chuyn ng phi dng cc dy mm.
B mt tip xc ch ni dy ni t vi kt cu hoc thit b v.v... phi c nh sch v bi mt lp vadlin mng.
Yu cu ny phi c thc hin i vi cc mt tip xc gia v thit b, cn iu khin, b truyn ng vi cc b phn khc
ca thit b, t trn cc kt cu thp, trn cc ngn t, trn cc khung thp ca t thit b phn phi, trn cc gi v.v...
Ghi ch:
1- trnh lng ph khng nn s dng cc ng thp lm cc vt ni t nhn to, ch nn dng cc ng thp khng hp cch l
ph liu. Nn s dng thp gc hoc thp trn.
2- ng knh nh nht cu dy ni t ghi trong bng V-1 cng p dng cho c dy trung tnh ca mch in v ca dy dn trn
khng kh dng ni t. Khi c ng knh ca dy trung tnh 1 si phi bng ng knh ca cc dy pha.
6.3 Ni t cc thit b phn phi.
Cc cun khng in khi cc pha b tr ngang phi c ni t bng cch ni trc tip dy ni t vo cc bu lng ni t trn
cc cch in . Khi cc pha t theo phng thng ng th cc cch in ca pha di cng phi c ni t. cc dy ni
t bng thp khng c to nn mch vng kn bao quanh cc cun khng in.
mm hn p vo bo m cho mch in c lin thng. Thit b in t trn cc my trc va xe ra trong cc gian bnh
thng phi c ni t theo ng quy nh cc iu trn.
Trong cc gian c nhiu bi khng dn in ( xi mng, tro, t lm khun v.v... ) th trc cc bnh xe ca cu trc v xe ra ca
cc my trc phi t cc chi gt bi ra khi ray khi my trc v xe ra di chuyn.
ni t cc thit b in ca cc my trc cc thit tr d n phi dng rut th t ca cp cung cp in cho my trc .
6.5. Ni t mch in v ng cp.
Khi ni t v kim loi ca cc cp th v kim loi v ai thp phi ni vi nhau v ni vi v hp cp, ( phu cp, hp ni ) bng
dy ng mm. Khi khng yu cu phi dng cc dy ni t c dn in ln hn dn in ca v cp. Nhng trong mi
trng hp phi m bo mt ct ca chng khng c nh hn 6mm 2 v khng c ln hn 25 mm2.
cc thit tr c li dng v nhm ca cp 3 rut lm dy trung tnh, phi tun theo quy nh v cch lp dy trung tnh.
Cc u ct c lp dy ni t phi thc hin bng cch p hoc hn.
i vi cu ni mm ni t th mt u ca cu phi dng dy thp cun cht vo v v ai thp ca cp ri hn li, cn u
kia ca cu th dung bu lng ni vo cp v kt cu kim loi c ni t.
Ch ni cc cu ni vo v nhm ca cp sau khi hn song phi bi nha ng ( t phan ) hay sn glptan hoc sn du. Trong
cc gian m t, cc tuy nen v cc rnh, ch hn phi qut bng bitum nng. Mt ct cu ni mm phi tng ng vi mt ct cc
dy ni t thit tr in .
Cc ng thp lun dy dn in dng lm dy ni t hay ni t phi c ni chc chn. Khi cc ng trn t h c th
dng ng ni c bi bt ch hoc mt loi kt cu khc c s tip xc chc chn.
Khi ng t ngm ch c dng ng ni c bi bt ch. m bo tnh lin tc ca mch ni t phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
a- Trong mi trng hp ng lun dy t ngm v i vi trng hp c li trung tnh ni t m ng lun dy th t h, cc
ch ni ng phi hn thm 1; 2 im v mi pha ng ni, cng cho php hn cu ni bng kim loi c dn in.
b- nhng ch ni ng vo cc hp, cc kh c v v thit b in phi dng loi " ai c ng ni " ( Rc co ) ni t hoc cc
bin php khc bo m tip xc tt v in hay ni vo hp, ( Hm, t, v ) bng cch hn p cc cu ni kim loi c dn
in.
cc li in chiu sng phn nhm cm dng v kim loi ca ng lun dy dn hoc v ch ca dy dn lm dy ni t.
Trong cc gian i hi phi ni t cc v th chng phi c ni t chc chn trn ton b chiu di, cc ng ni v hp ni
ng phi c ni vo v kim loi ca ng lun dy bng cch hn hay bng bu lng.
V kim loi ca ng lun dy, v ch ca cp phi c ni t vi cc t nhm, t cung cp hay t phn phi bng dy ng bn
nhiu si mt ct bng 1.5 - 2.5mm hay bng cli thp phi c kp cht v v ni t v phi hn p vo v.
ni dy ni t vo v kim loi ca hi, t, bng, v.v... phi hn p hay dng inh vt. Trng hp dng inh vt th ch ni dy
ni t phi c nh sch.
6.6. Cch sn v nh du.
ch cc dy ni t chui vo nh phi c cc du hiu d phn bit.
Cc dy ni t t h, cc kt cu, dy dn v thanh st dt ca li ni t u phi sn mu en tr cc dy trung tnh.
Cc dy ni t t h c php sn mu khc cho ph hp vi mu trang tr tng nh, nhng cc ch ni v ch r nhnh
ca chng phi k t nht 2 sc mu en cch nhau 150mm.
Trc khi lp t cc dy trn ni t t h v chi tit c nh chng phi c nh sch v sn ht mi mt. Cn ch ni th sn
sau khi hn xong cc mi ni.
Trong cc gian m t v c cc kh n mn phi sn bng loi sn chu c tc ng ho hc.
ch dng ni vi dy ni t lu ng phi nh du bng sn vit ln tng v k ch ni t, k hiu ni t.
Khng nn sn cc vt ni t v cc dy ni t chn di t sau khi nghim thu cc mi hn u phi qut bitum khp mi
mt.
CHNG VII
CCH T DY DN IN
Cc inh dng c nh dy dn vo cc kt cu cng trnh thng dng sng chuyn dng thi cng hoc dng cc bin php
khc thch hp. Cc inh phi c la chn v c nh ln cc mt theo ng ti liu hng dn.
Cc vng kp bng kim loi dng c nh dy dn, cp v ng thp u phi sn chng r.
Cc dy dn t ngm phi c 1 on d phng t nht 50 mm cnh nhng ch ni trong cc hp phn nhnh v cnh ch ni
vi cc n chiu sng, cng tc v cm.
Khi dy dn t ngm th cc hp ni, cc hp t cng tc, cm cng phi t chm trong kt cu xy dng sao cho mt hp
( mt cng tc, cm) ngang bng vi mt tng.
Trong cc cu kin c sn thnh tm ln v cc khi ln ca cc cng trnh nh ca c sn xut nh my, cng trng th cn
lm sn cc rnh t dy dn in, cc hc t cng tc, cm, cc hp phn nhnh v cc bng in ph hp vi bn v
thit k cc cu kin .
Cc rnh v cc hc cha li phi bng phng. Chiu dy ca lp bo v tim rnh ng, hc phi m bo t nht l 10 mm.
7.2. t dy dn in ln cc vt cch in (cc puli, cc cch in, cc kp dy ...)
Khi t dy dn cch in loi khng c bo v ln cc puli cch in th cao t dy phi cch mt sn t nht l 2,5 m.
Nhng trng hp sau y cho php t dy cch mt t 2m.
- Vi in p ti 40 V tr ln cc gian t nguy him.
- Vi in p di ti 40 V cc gian khc.
- cc gian sn xut cng nghip
Quy nh ny khng p dng cho cc sn phc v ca my trc v cho nhng ch kp dy n cng tc, thit b khi ng.
Cc gian nh sn xut, nhng ch kp n cng tc, cm, cc thit b v bng in u phi c bo v trnh h hng do tc
ng c hc v phi t cao t nht l 1,5m so vi nn nh hau sn cng tc.
nhng gian sinh hot ca x nghip cng nghip, nng nghip, cc phng nh v phng sinh hot qua cc cng trnh cng cng
th on dy ni vo cng tc, cm v bng in .v.v.. khng cn thit phi bo v chng h hng c hc.
Bng VII.1
Cc phng php c nh dy dn
Di 2,5
10
16-25
35-70
Trn 95
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
1,2
1,2
2,5
Trn cc puli
cc ct i vi dy dn
c rut:
- Bng ng
12
1,5
t 12 - 15
- Bng nhm
T 12 - 25
12
S TT
Cc phng php c nh dy dn
Di 10
16 - 25
35-50
70-95
120
35
50
50
70
100
Trn cc cch in
70
70
100
150
150
Cc chn in kiu cong, cc gi cng vi cch in phi c nh chc vo vt liu chnh ca tng. Cc puly hoc cc kp dy
dng cho cc dy dn mt ct 4 mm2 tr xung c th c nh ln lp va trt hay ln g lt mt phng.
Cc puli v cc cch in gc nh phi t cch trn hoc tng k bn 1,5 - 2 ln chiu cao ca puly hay cch in, cc puli hay
cch in ch xuyn tng cng theo khong cch nh trn.
Cc dy dn cch in mt rut loi khng c bo v phi dng dy thp mm buc cht vo puli hay cch in. cc gian
nh m t v ngoi tri th dy thp buc phi c qut sn chng r. Ch buc dy dn phi c qun bng cch in bo
v. C th dng cc vng khuyn hay dy nha mm (pliclovinyl) c nh dy dn loi khng c bo v vo puli hay cch
in (tr cc v tr gc v cc u cui).
Cc ch kp cht dy dn phi m lt khng h hng cch in.
Vic t dy trn cch in phi theo quy nh sau:
- Cch in trung gian - t dy c hoc nh cch in.
- Cch in gc: t c cch in.
- Cch in no cui: Dng kho hm.
Quy nh ch ni dy r nhnh phi thc hin ngay ti puli hoc cch in.
i vi dy dn c cch in v tr gc, cui, r nhnh vng qua x v.v... phi dng bng vi, hoc dy gai buc vo puli.
Khi dy dn cch in loi khng c bo v giao cho nhau m khong cch gia chng nh hn tr s bng VI - 2 th dy cp
c mt ct ln hn phi lun trong ng cch in v phi c c nh chc chn. Nu cc dy cch in loi c bo v m
khong cch gi chng nh hn 10mm th ph p dng bin php nh trn ca iu ny.
Khi dy dn cch in giao cho vi ng ng th khong cch gia chng t nht phi l 50 mm i vi cc ng dn nhin liu
lng hay khi th khong cch t nht phi l 100 mm hoc dy dn phi lun trong ng cch in hay ng thp t trong rnh.
Khi giao cho vi ng ng c nhit cao hn nhit bnh thng th phi c bin php cch nhit thch hp.
Khi dy dn cch in loi khng c bo v xuyn qua tng th hi lun dy trong ng cch in cng v phi c nh.
pha trong nh kh ro phi dng ng lt cch in cn m t v pha chui ra ngoi phi dng phu.
ng dy xuyn qua vch ngm v vch g gi cc gian nh kh ro cho php lun trong ng cch in c v kim loi trong
ng dy - kim loi.
Khi dy dn cch in loi khng bo v xuyn qua t gian nh kh ro ny sang nh kh ro khc, cho php tt c cc dy dn c
cch in ca cng 1 ng dy lun chung trong 1 ng cch in. Trong cc trng hp khc (t ni kh ro vo ni m t
v.v...) t mi dy phi lun trong mt ng cch in ring, khi dy dn i vo ni m t c nhit , m v.v... khc nhau th c
2 pha u phi trt kn bng nha cch in. Khi dy dn chui t gian kh ro sang gian m t hoc chui ra ngoi tri m phi
ni dy th ch ni phi t pha kh ro.
Dy dn cch in v cp i xuyn t tng ny sang tng khc ca nh phi lun qua ng hoc l cha sn trn cu kin. Cm
dng dy bn xuyn qua sn nh gia 2 tng.
Khi dy dn xuyn qua sn nh gia tng cho php lun trong ng cch in t di lp va trt ca tng. Cc ng cch in
phi t lin tc c ng lt v phi t ti mp ngoi.
i vi loi dy bn c 2 hoc 3 rut ch i vng trong cc gian nh kh ro nu c gp chng ngi th cho php lun chung
trong 1 ng cch in khng cn t ra.
Bn knh un ca dy dn mt rut cch in loi khng c bo v t nht phi bng 3 ln ng knh ngoi ca dy dn.
7.3. Dy dn t treo
Cc loi dy dn chuyn dng loi cp in v cc loi dy dn khc c lp t treo vo cp thp chu lc bng loi kp ring
hoc bng phng php qun buc thch hp.
Khi lp t dy dn in kiu treo chuyn dng phi theo cc yu cu sau:
a) Ph kin no dy t trong hp ch to t thp tm dy t nht l 3mm, cc mp ch lng dy v ph kin no phi c da
trn khng lm hng v ca t cp treo.
b) Dy dn ko qua l hp phn nhnh bng kim loi phi lun trong ng lt cch in lin tc hoc phi qun bng dnh t 3 - 4
lp.
Cc thp chu lc dng treo dy dn c th bn t cc si thp m km c ng knh t 1,05 - 6,5 mm. Cho php dng dy
thp cn nng c qut sn hay m km ng knh t 5,5 - 8 mm lm cp treo. Vic la chn cp chu lc treo dy phi theo
yu cu ca thit k tnh ton xc nh.
Khi treo dy cp thp phi cng n vng nh nht, ng lc khng c vt qu 0,7 ng lc cho php i vi loi cp thp
.
Ch ch t hp li phn nhnh, hp ni kiu cm v n chiu sng th mi treo dy thng ng. Dy treo ng nn dng loi
dy thp c ng knh t 2 - 3 mm i vi dy in ng lc v t 1,5 - 2 mm i vi dy in chiu sng. Tt c cc b phn
kim loi ca dy in t treo, k c cp chu lc u phi ni t.
Trong cc gian sn xut thng thng, cho php dng dy cp lm dy chung tnh lm vic trong li in phn nhm ca h
thng in c trung tnh ni t.
Cm dng cp chu lc lm dy ni t - nn dng mt dy dn ring hoc mt rut ring ca dy dn (hoc cp) lm dy
ni t. Tt c cc loi b phn kim loi ca dy in t treo nh:
- B phn h trn ca cp thp.
- Cc b phn kho cp, kt cu no cui, kp treo dy v.v. u phi bi trn du xilidn.
Khi treo dy dn cch in loi khng c bo v vo cp chu lc khi khong cch gia cc im c nh dy dn khng c
ln hn cc tr s sau:
i vi dy dn cch in khng c bo v.
- Mt ct 1mm2: 1m
- Mt ct 1,5 - 6 mm2 : 1,5m.
i vi dy dn c bo v trong mi trng hp: 0,5 m.
7.4. t dy dn loi c bo v v cp cch in bng cao su.
nhng on thng th khong cch gia cc ch c nh gy dn c bo v v cp khng c ln hn cc gi tr trong bng
VI - 3 sau y:
STT
Loi dy
on t ngang
on t thng ng
500
700
500
600
500
500
Dy dn
Cp
7.5.2. t h v ngm:
a) Trong cc gian d n
b) Trong cc gian c bit m t.
c) Trong cc gian c mi trng n mn mnh.
d) Trn sn g ca nhng nh tr, bnh vin, cung vn ho, cu lc b, trng hc v k tc x ca cc trng.
) cung cp in cho cc thit b chiu sng kiu treo.
e) sn khu v ch ngi ca khn gi.
Cc dy dt c cch in bng cht do khng chu c nh sng (trong sut - mu vng nu) ch cho php t ngm.
Khi t ngm dy dn dt phi la chn tuyn nh sau:
a) Thng thng, khi t ngang theo tng th phi t song song vi cc ng giao nhau qua tng v trn v cch trn 10 - 200
mm hoc cnh g, mi ua hoc x ngang t 50 - 100 mm. Cc cm in ln t thnh hng ngang.
b) Khi ko n cc n chiu sng, cc cng tc v cm phi t d theo chiu thng ng. Trong cc nh lp ghp tm ln, cho
php ko theo rnh c sn.
c) Khi t dy treo trn (trong lp va, trong cc khe, trong lp rng ca tm sn) nn ko theo khong cch ngn nht gia hp
phn nhnh v n chiu sng.
Khi ko dy dn giao cho vi cc ng ng dn nhin liu lng hay khi phi t dy cch ng ng 100 mm, hoc lun dy
trong ng cch in hoc trong rnh.
Khi dy dn giao cho hoc i song song vi cc ng ng c nhit cao th dy dn phi c bo v cch nhit.
Khi dy dn t h song song vi ng ng th khong cch gia dy v ng phi trn 100 mm v vi ng dn cht lng,
nng th t nht l 250 mm.
Cn trnh t dy dn dt giao cho vi nhau. Nu tht cn thit phi giao cho th ti phi cun tng cng 3 n 4 lp bng
nha dnh hoc bng cao su.
Khi dng dy dn dt 3 rut trong li in chiu sng th dng cc rut ngoi cng lm dy pha cn rut gia lm dy trung tnh.
Khi cn phi un cong cc dy dn dt ti gc lng 90o trn mt tng v trn nh phi theo mt trong 3 phng php sau:
a) Nu un dy theo b dt mt gc 90o th khng cn phi rch gii bng cch ly, khng c dt ny gip vi rut kia.
b) Mun un theo cnh th phi rch gii bng cch ly dc theo dy v mt rut c un vng vo pha trong.
c) Nu dy dn khng c gii bng cch ly c un theo cnh vi g bn knh un m bo khng lm gy cch in ch un.
Dy dn dt h i qua cc vch chn v sn phi lun trong ng cch in, 2 u ng phi lng ng lt bng cao su hoc s hay
nha.
Ch dy dn t ngm chui ra khi mt tng hoc sn (th d ni vo n ,cng tc .v.v...) phi lun dy trong ng cch in
hoc dng phu.
Tt c cc ch ni hoc nhnh dy dn dt u phi hn hoc dng cc kp dy trong hp phn nhnh.
Hp phn nhnh phi bng cht cch in hoc bng kim loi trong m - lt cch in.
Khi dy t ngm th cho php phn nhnh dy cc hp u dy v cng tc, cm hoc n, trong cc gian kh ro hoc
m, cc hp phn nhnh, c th lm bng cc c trong tng hoc sn, c thnh phng cha sn khi xy dng nhng phi c np
y.
Khi ni v phn nhnh cc dy dn dt t ngm phi cha mt on dy d tr di t nht l 50mm.
Khng cho php treo trc tip cc n ln dy dn dt.
Cc hp kim loi nhng ni lun dy dn dt vo u phi c ng lt cch in hoc qun tng cng cch in bng 3 n 4
lp bng nha dnh hoc cao su.
Khi ni u dy vo cm, cng tc v.v.. th ch c rch mt on ti thiu cn thit ca gii bng cch ly gia cc rut.
Vic c nh cc dy dn dt h c tin hnh nh sau:
a) Vi dy c gii bng cch ly th dng bin php dn, ng inh dng kp nh, kp cao su.
b) Vi dy khng c gii bng cch ly th dn hay dng kp.
c) Dng cc kim loi kp dy v gn vo mt . inh dng ng trc tip gii bng cch ly ca dy dn dt nn dng loi
c ng knh 1,4 - 1,8 mm di t 20 - 25mm, vi ng knh m inh 3mm, inh phi ng cch nhau 200 - 300 mm v ng
ng gia bng cch ly.
Ba dng ng inh phi l loi nh v dng ming trnh ba p vo dy.
Trong cc gian nh m th di m inh nn c vng m bng cao su hay nha. Khi dng kp th khong cch gia hai kp
khng c qu 400 mm.
Khi dng dy dt t ngm th trc khi trt va nn dng va thch cao mn gn tm dy vo. Ngoi ra c th dng kp hoc
ai bng cht cch in (cao su, nha v.v...) c nh dy dt.
Cm dng inh c nh dy dt t ngm.
Khi vn chuyn v bo qun dy dn dt phi trnh h hng v c hc v trnh nh nng chiu vo.
7.5.3. t ngm dy dn trong cc ng khng phi l kim loi.
Tuyn t ng trong trng hp ny khng c trng hoc giao cho st vi cc ng dn khi v cc b mt kt cu b nung
nng.
Tuyn t ng trn tng nn b tr song song vi kin trc no (khung ca, g, mi ua .v.vvv)
Cc on tuyn i vng qua cc chng ngi vt on t ngang khng c t nc.
ng lun trong tng, sn v.v.. thuc loi kt cu d chy th phi dng aming tm dy t nht 3 cm lt. Cng c th dng va
dy t nht 5 cm v rng hn mi bn thnh ng t nh 5 cm.
Cm dng cc loi ng khng phi l kim loi hay ng giy kim loi di nn cc phn xng nng (c, hn, rn .v.v)
Khi nhit mi trng ni t tuyn thng xuyn cao hn + 35 oC th cm dng ng bng cao su bitum.
Khi dng ng cao su bitum di nn nh th phi t ng di 1 lp va b tng dy t nht 50 mm. Nhng khng qu 400 mm.
ch ng cao su bitum giao cho vi ng vn chuyn ni b phn xng th phi lun trong ng thp. Trng hp lp b tng
pha trn ng dy hn 100 mm th khng cn dng ng thp.
nhng ch ng cao su bitum chui ra khi mng, tng v nn nh thng thng phi dng nhng on ng thp mng bc bo
v pha ngoi v u ng phi c chn kn, ch ng cao su bitum chui ra khi mng v nn nh i ln tng khng chy
phi c bo v bng thp hoc st gc n cao 1,5m.
Cng vic ni cc on ng cch in vi nhau phi dng mngsng cng loi vt liu vi ng v 2 u ng ni phi p kht nhau.
Khi ni 2 on ng bng cao su bitum vi nhau phi dng mngsng cng vt liu c ng knh ln hn v di 100 mm, hoc
bng kim loi. Cc mng sng phi c chn kn v dng dy thp qun ai cho chc.
Khi ni 2 on ng bng cao su bitum vi nhau phi dng mngsng cng vt liu c ng knh ln hn v di 100 mm, hoc
bng kim loi. Cc mng sng phi c chn kn v dng dy thp qun ai cho chc.
C th dng ng thp mng ni cc ng cao su bitum vi nhau. Ch ni ng vi ng thp phi chn cht nh khi ni bng
mng sng.
Ch ni cc ng giy - kim loi vi nhau dng cc mng sng chuyn dng c ch to t nhng on ng mng v t trong
hp ni.
Vic r nhnh v ni dy in trong cc ng khng bng kim loi v ng giy - kim loi phi thc hin cc hp ni, hp r
nhnh. Cu to ca hp ni trn phi ph hp vi phng php t dy v mi trng xung quanh.
Cho php t cc loi ng cng v ng cao su bitum c dy dn lun sn trong ng vi iu kin m bo thay dy dn c.
ng knh trong ca ng cch in phi m bo vic thay d dng dy in t trong ng ph hp vi s lng v ng knh
ca dy dn ng thi khng c b hn 11mm.
m bo ko dy dn cng nh ng c d dng, k c trng hp cn thay chng th khong cch gia hai hp ni khng
c vt gi tr s ghi bng VII - 4 di y.
Bng VII - 4.
on tuyn gia cc hp
ng cao su cng va
Thng
10
12
C 1 gc
7,5
C 2 gc
C 3 gc
C 4 gc
Khng cho php un cc ng giy - kim loi khng xp np. Ch thay i hng tuyn v cc gc phi t hp ni hay cc on
ng bng cao su cng va hoc cc loi tng t.
i vi loi ng cng va v ng cao su bitum ch un phi dng dy thp 1,5 mm qun ngoi vi bc ai l 8 - 10mm bo
v khi ch un c th xy ra dp nt.
ng cch in v ng giy- kim loi lun dy cch in qua tng, sn gc phi lin v khng c ni. Khi t ng trn b
mt lt g c trt va, khng cho php dng mng sng ni cc ng cch in trn on tuyn gia hai hp.
i vi ng khng bng kim loi v ng giy kim loi khi a vo hp, t, bng, hp bo v lm bng vt liu khng cch in,
cng nh khi a vo cc hp th cc u ng phi c ng lt hoc phu cch in.
Khi cc ng cch in khng a vo hp hoc v ca kh c in, ng h th u ng phi c ng lt hay phu cch in.
7.5.4. t dy ngm trong ng thu tinh.
ng thu tinh phi ng tiu chun d dng lun dy dn khi t ngm.
Dy dn t ngm lun trong ng thu tinh c php p dng cho cc li in chiu sng v ng lc vi in p di 500 V v
cc li in thoi truyn thanh t trong tng hoc sn khng chy, cc nh cp phng ho loi III, cc nh cng cng cp
phng ho loi II k c tng hm v cc loi nh khc. Cng cho php t tng trn ca cc nh ni trn khi trn lm bng vt
liu khng chy.
Cho php t dy theo iu VI - 104 trong cc nh sinh hot, nh vn ho c cp phng ho loi II v cc x nghip cng nghip
vi iu kin khng b nh hng n rung chn ng ca cc thit b sn xut.
Khng cho php t dy dn nh iu VI - 104 nhng ni: Gian nh d n thuc mi cp, gian c bit m t, ch khn gi
ngi (k c sn khu) ca rp ht, nh, trin lm, cu lc b, cung vn ho .v.v v cc nh vng c ng t cp 7 tr ln, vng
c ln cp II, III v cc mch in ngoi tri.
Khng cho php t chung dy dn ca mch , dng in mnh vo mch c dng in yu (thng tin) trong cng mt ng.
ng t trong sn nh nn i theo ng ngn nht cn trong tng th phi t thng ng hoc nm ngang. ng phi t trn
tm lt v tm lt phi nm trong ton b chiu di ca ng. Chiu dy lp bo v (b tng, xi mng, nha ng) bn trong ng
dy t nht l 10 mm. Khi t ng trn cc tm c lt khng chy tng trn th phi dy t nht 20mm.
Cc ng thu tinh t trong tng gch v vch ngn b tng x, thch cao, phi t trong cc mng rnh c vy va t,
ngay sau phi va thch cao hay xi mng xut ton b chiu di cho ngang vi mt ngoi ca tng hoc vch. Mng phi
c su ln hn ng knh ngoi ca ng t l 10mm, cn cc tng hm, tng trn l 20 mm.
Cc ng t song song phi cch nhau t nht l 50 mm.
Khng cho php t trc tip ng thu tinh trong t, di nn nh ca tng th nht, nu nh c tng hm th di nn tng hm.
Khi t ng cho cc ng trc cung cp in t thit b u vo n cc tr ca bung thang my d l nh c tng hm hay
khng u nn t trn sn ca tng th nht hoc t trc tip trong cc tng chu lc khng chy.
Khi cn thay i hng tuyn ca ng thu tinh lm cc on ng vng qua s, ct phi dng cc on ng cong bng thu tinh
ch to sn. Khi khng c loi trn th cho php dng ng g lm bng vt liu cng va hoc vt liu tng t.
ni ng thu tinh vi nhau hay cc ng bng vt liu cch in khc phi dng mng sng bng cao su cng, va , bng cht
do hoc mng sng bng kim loi. Khi ni vi ng kim loi th nht thit dng mng sng bc kim loi.
Ch ng thu tinh chui vo cc hp u vo, hp phn nhnh cng nh ng h u in. Bng in, n, cng tc v cm t
h th u ng phi lt mt on ng bng cao su. Ch ng chui ra khi hc t bng in th u ng cng phi c ng lt.
Cc mc treo n chiu sng phi c c nh c lp vo vch, khng c lin quan n u ng thu tinh v cc u dy
ra.
Khi cc ng thy tinh giao cho vi cc khe gin n th phi dng on ng chuyn tip bng cao su hoc bng cc ng mm
tng t.
7.5.4 - t h v ngm dy dn trong ng thp.
+ Dng ng thp c thnh dy bnh thng.
Dng ng thp (ng nc, ng hi) ko dy dn in ch c dng trong phm vi v thit k quy nh.
Phi ty sch cc ba via trong ng v ng khng c mp mo bp. Nu ng cha c lp bo v chng r (lp m) th phi nh
sch ri sn mt trong ngoi, ng t trong b tng ch cn sn mt trong.
ng t trong nh c hin tng n mn th phi sn theo ch dn ca thit k.
Khi tuyn ng cn r gc phi un ng th bn knh un ng khng c b hn 10 ln ng knh ngs:
a) Khi t ng trong cc khi b tng (trng hp ngoi l th cho php bnknh ung bng 6 ln ng knh.
b) Khi trong ng t cc v nhm, v ch hay nha, vi moi hnh thc di h hay ngm, khng c b hn 6 ln ng knh.
c) Trong cc trng hp t ngm cn li vi iu kin l t ngm ng khng gy nn cc kh khn c bit.
d) Khi t h cc ng c ng knh t 3 pt tr ln. Tr cc trng hp nu mc (b) khng c b hn 4 ln ng knh.
) Khi t h cc ng c ng knh n 2 pt. tr trng hp nu (b).
Cc ct khng c bp mo hayc ba via.
Khong cch c nh ng khi t h khng c vt qu 2,5 m- i vi ng ng c ng knh di 1/2 pt; 3m i vi ng
ng knh di 1 pt ri v 4m - i vi ng ng knh 2 pt tr ln.
C nh ng thp t h, c th dng mc, vng ai v.v... cc ng dn nc... kh (khng m km) c th hn vo kt cu ca nh
nh ct n v.v... nhng khng clm chy ng, phi hn ng trc khi t dy.
Khong cch gia hai hp no khng c ln hn cc tr s sau:
ng t trong mng ca thit b cng ngh phi c nh vo kt cu hay ct thp trc khi b tng.
Ch ng ra khi mng chui vo t phi thc hin theo thit k trnh gy ng khi t hay mng b ln.
ch giao cho vi khe gin n phi t ng trong cc hp c bit c b phn gin n, hoc ni vi b phn ln gin n mm
vo ng.
Vic ni ng vi nhau trong gian kh ro c bi (tr cc gian d n, d chy hay cc gian du, nc hoc nh tung c th lt
vo ng) cho php dng ng bc, mng sng khng cn chn kn ch ni dy nhng ni dn nc hoc nh tng c th chui
vo ng v cc thit tr in ngoi tri u phi dng loi mng sng c ren rnh vi m kn ch ni, cc gian c bi, ch
ni ng phi chn chng bi.
Trong mi trng hp t ng ngm v t trong b tng, bt buc phi ni ng bng mng sng c ren v chn kn ch ni.
Cht lng phn ren rng u ng thp phi m bo vic vn mng sng mt cch bnh thng. Mng sng phi vn cht mt
trong hai u ng vi nhau. Chiu di on ren phi bng chiu di mng sng cng vi chiu dy ai c hm.
Cc u ng phi ty sch ba via v g sc.
Trc khi kp dy trong ng th u ng phi c ng lt trnh h hng dy.
Khi lp ng vo hp, t, kh c in, v thit tr in phi dng mt trong cc bin php sau m bo cho ng tip xc tt v
in vi chng.
a) Xit cht cc ai ng v c mt nhm vo mi pha thnh t hoc kh c in cho php thay ai c c mt nhm bng ai c
hm nhng phi hn vo t, hp v ng 1,2 im hoc trc phi nh sch g ch tip xc gia ai c v t.
b) Dng mng sng c ren vn cht ng vi on ng th ra ca t, ngoi ra cn c th dng ng hoc ng ni nu iu VI
- 127. Cc ng ni mng sng trn phi hn vo ng v on ng th ra t t 2 im mi pha.
d) nhng ch khng cn chn kn, cho php a ng vo hp hoc kh c m khng cn dng ai c c nh, nhng phi
dng cu ni kim loi c dn in ni ng vi hp hoc kh c.
) Cc hp, hay hm kim loi v.v.. phi c sn chng r.
cc ni m t, nng, bi hay c ho cht n mn .v.v.. nu khng a c u ng vo trong hp kh c v.v... phi dng nha
cch in chn kn gia ng v dy.
Dy dn t trong ng thng ng phi c c nh chc chn. Khong cch gia cc im c nh dy khng c ln hn:
- 30 mm i vi dy dn n 50 mm2.
- 20 m i vi dy dn n 185 mm2
- 15 m i vi dy dn n 240 m2.
c nh dy vi ng, phi c thc hin nh sau:
a) Dng kp dy hau kp u dy kp cht vo u ng.
b) Dng kp dy hay kp u dy trong cc hp trung gian, kp dy
v kp u dy phi bng vt liu cch in, hoc ch bt c nh phi lt thm cch in.
Tt c moi dy trong cng mt mch xoay chiu, k c dy trung tnh phi t trung trong mt ng.
Trong mch xoay chiu, cho php t cc dy dn ca cng mt pha chung trong mt ng thp nu chng c bo v dng
in danh nh khng vt qu 25A.
S dng ng thp mng thnh:
Loi ng thp ny ch dng c nhng ni do thit k quy nh.
a) t h, khng cn chn kn ch ni ng v ng a ng vo hp i vi nhng gian kh ro, bnh thng.
b) t h v t ngm c chn kn ch ng ni v ch a ng vo hp t trong tng, sn, trong lp va chn hay lp lt ca
sn, trong mng v trong cc kt cu xy dng khc ca cng trnh i vi cc gian bnh thng, m, nng, bi d chy, ring i
vi nhng gian bnh thng cho php t trong t.
Khng cho php dng loi ng ny :
a) Cc gian m hoc c bit m.
b) Cc gian d n, gian cho cht n mn.
c) Thit tr in ngoi tri.
d) Chn di t ngoi tri.
Ghi ch: cc thit tr d n , cho php dng cc ng thp hn mng
thnh, c chiu dy nh hn so vi ng bnh thng l 0,5 mm vi iu kin l phi dng mng sng c ren rng ni ng.
Khng cho php dng hn in c nh ng thp thng mng vo kt cu kim loi.
Khi ch ni khng cn chn kn th phi dng mng sng tiu chun c ren.
Khi ni t cc ng mng thnh hay dng chng lm dy ni t phi thc hin ng theo yu c k thut ch dn chng V
(h thng ni t).
7.5.5. Dy dn t h v c bao che (thanh ci) vi in p di 1000Vn
Nhng ch ni dy dn khng cn tho m th thng thng dng bin php hn. nhng ch ni dy bng kim loi khc nhau
phi c bin php chng h hng do n mn phn dn in.
Trong nh, khong cch t phn dn in ca cc b dn in trn dn cc ng ng khng c nh hn 1000 mm, n thit b
cng ngh 1500mm.
Khng quy nh khong cch t b dn in loi c bo v, loi c bao che, loi chng bi, loi chng nc bn vo n cc
ng ng v thit b cng ngh.
Khong cch gia cc vt dn in ca cc pha khc nhau hay khc nhau trong b dn in cc tnh, v t cc vt dn n
tng nh v n cc kt cu c ni t, khng c nh hn cc tr s bng VI - 5.
Cc b dn in t trong cc nh sn xut, m nhng ngi khng c nhim v c th n gn, phi t cao cch mt sn t
nht 3m5 - khi t trn (cc thit b t trong nh 2,9m khi c lp bo v v khng quy nh khi c bao che cch in an ton.
Cc kt cu xy dng trn t b dn in phi l loi khng chy.
Khi b dn in trn xuyn qua sn, tng v vch ngn th phi i trong l hay cc tm cch in.
Cc kh c t trn b dn in cung cp hay phn phi t ngay cnh cc im r nhnh, cc ch c th n gn kim tra v
sa cha. Chng phi c b tr hay che chn ngi lm vic v khng chm phi cc b phn mang in.
Bng VI - 5.
STT
Tn cc b dn in
1.
Cc b dn in trn
50
50
n 2m
100
Trn 2m n 4m
150
Trn 4m n 6m
200
Trn 6m
Cc b dn in loi c bo v bao che, chng bu:
20
12
70
50
Cho php t kh c in di thp, nu t trn cao kh khn cho ngi thao tc vn hnh.
iu khin cc kh c ng ct t cao qu tm ngi, th cn phi c cc trang b thch hp tin hnh thao tc, cc khi c
cngk phi c cc k hiu ch r v tr ng ct m ngi ng sau c th nhn ra.
Trn sut tuyn ca b dn in t cch nhau 10 - 20 m v cc ch c ngi thng qua li phi t bin bo cnh gii, ch ghi
phi theo quy phm k thut an ton trong quy trnh in.
B dn in loi bao che phi c t hoc treo cng cao. Tr v gi b dn in phi chc chn. Khong cch gia cc
im c nh ca b rnh phi theo ng ch dn ca thit k.
Khi u ni, r nhnh v lm u dy cho cc dy dn hoc cc rut nhm hay ng th c th dng mt trong cc cch sau: p,
hn, thic, kp chuyn dng.
Ti ch ni hay r nhnh dy dn phi qun bng cch in cao su hoc nha (Policlovynil) nhng gian m cn phi qut sn
hay vadlin cng nghip trc khi qun bng.
Bng VI - 6
Phm vi p dng cc phng php khc nhau lm du ct ni dy, r nhnh cc loi dy dn v cp rut nhm
Phng
php
c im ca phng php
Thao tc
Cu to rut dy
Mt ct mm2
in p cc i
cho php KV
Hn in cc rut dy
Hn in
xoay chiu
bng cch
t nng
kiu tip
xc (hn
khng c
h quang)
Ni v r
nhnh
Dy dn v cp
1 si
2,5 - 1
- Vn xon u dy trc
khi hn v cng hn bng
kim hn hai u in cc c
dng thuc hn.
Ni v r
nhnh
Dy dn v cp
1 si
2,5 - 10
- Dy c vn xon trc
- Dy c vn xon trc
v c hn bng my hn
BK2- 1 (khng c thuc
hn)
Hn u dy
Dy 1 si v
nhiu si
16 - 400
35
2
- Hn bng in cc than
kiu gip mi, ni theo dng
mng h (u tin phi lm
cho dy nhiu si chy
thnh1 khi lin)
- Hn in khi rut dy t
thng ng.
- Cng hn u dy nng
chy thnh mt khi lin
(hnh tr ghp).
3
Ni v r
nhnh
nt
nt
nt
dy dn nhiu
si
16 - 150
nt
Hn kiu
gia nhit
Ni
Dy dn v dy
cp nhiu si
16 - 240
10
Hn hi
Hn u dy
Dy dn dy
cp 1 si hoc
nhiu si
16 - 400
35
- Hn rut dy thnh mi
ni theo dng mng h (lm
cho rut dy chy thnh mt
khi lin).
Ni v r
nhnh
Dy dn dy
cp 1 si, nhiu
si
16 -400
35
Dy dn v dy
cp nhiu si
16 - 150
2,5 - 10
- Hn rut dy t thng
ng bng cch lm rut
nng chy thnh thanh lin
khi (hnh tr ghp)
nt
1
Cc
phng
php c
hc
2
- p rut dy trong ng ni
nhm bng cch p khc c
dng bt nho.
ni v r
nhnh
Cc dy dn
mt si
- p rut dy trong ng ni
bng nhm, bng cch p
khc.
Ni
Cch dy dn 1
si
2,5 - 10
2,5 - 10
- Dng loi kp m bo
duy tr p lc khng i trn
rut dy v c km ph kin
khng lm bp v rut dy.
- Kp r nhnh (r nhnh t
trc chnh).
- Kp kiu c vt hm
nt
r nhnh
Dy dn 1 si
ni
Dy dn nhm
v ng mt si
Hn thic
Ni v r
nhnh
Dy dn v cp
1 si
Lm u dy
hp ni phn
nhnh
Dy dn dy
cp 1 si v
nhiu si
ni
- Nh trn nhng un
chy thic ri rt vo
Cp in nhiu
si
2,5 - 10
35
16 - 150
35
25 - 240
35
CHNG VIII.
CC NG CP NGM.
Cc quy nh trong chng ny c p dng lp t cc ng cp in c cch in bng giy tm du, in p ti 35KV, c
cch in bng cao su in p ti 1KV, c cch in bng cht do n 20 KVv cc loi cp kim tra.
i vi cc ng dy ca cc thit tr c bit ( xe in ngm, ng hm,v.v.. ) th theo cc quy phm ring.
8.1 - Yu cu chung:
Kiu cp, mt ct v s lng rut cp, tuyn cp v phng php t cp phi theo ng thit k. Trong trng hp cn thit
mun thay i phi c s ng ca c quan thit k v tun theo quy phm trang b in (QT ).
Trc khi t cp phi xem xt tnh trng cp cn qun ru l. Khng c lp t cp hng.
v ch ca cp khng cho php c vt nt, lm, xc, rch... Nu phi x l do cc khuyt tt k trn th chiu dy v cp sau
khi x l ti khng c nh hn tr s quy nh ca nh ch to.
Phi t ng cp sao cho khi lp t cng nh khi khai thc vn hnh khng c hin tng b cng c hc hoc b h hng.
a) Cp phi c d phng t 1 - 3% chiu di ( t ngon ngoo ). Cm cp d phng bng qun vng.
b) Cp t trn gi trng, sn vv... phi c c nh cc im cui, ch un v cnh mi ni.
c) Khi cp t thng ng theo kt cu v tng phi c nh sao cho trng lng bn thn on cp khng lm hng mi ni
hoc hng v cp.
d) Nu cp khng c ai thp bo v, khi t ln phi c m lt.
Cp t ch c kh nng h hng do cc phng tin vn ti, hoc do cc vt nng v do ngi gay ra phi c bo v cao
2 m tnh t mt nn.
e) Khi cp i t rnh cp vo nh, vo hm v.v... Cng nh xuyn qua sn, tngm trong tng u phi dng ng t trong cu
kin ring.
Cp ko xong phi chn cht khe h gia ngv cp bng dy tm btum. Phi c bin php chng nc t hm cp chy qua
ng vo nh.
im c nh cp phi cch hp cp v phu khng qu 0,5m.
Cp t h phi c bo v khng cc bc x nhit tc ng trc tip vo cp.
Bn knh un pha trong ca cp so vi ng knh ngoi ca cp khng c nh hn:
a) 25 ln i vi cp ng lc 1 rut, cch in bng dy tm du trong v ch.
b) 25 i vi cp ng lc nhiu rut cch in bng giy tm t du c v ch v ai thp.
c) 15 ln so vi cp ng lc v cp kim tra nhiu rut cch in bng dy tm du, v ch hoc nhm.
d)10 ln so vi cp ng lc v cp kim tra cch in bng co cao su, c v ch hoc cht do, ngoi c ai thp - ring loi
khng c ai thp l 6 ln.
Loi cp
V ch
V nhm
1-3
6-10
20-35
1-3
25
15
25
20
- C ai thp
20
15
25
20
- C ai thp v chung mt v ch
100
100
100
khng hn ch
300
300
300
- Khng c ai thp.
Cp cch in bng dy tm t du:
Khng hn ch
Ghi ch: 1- chnh lch trn c p khi cha dng cc bin php ni c bit ( hp ni nha pxy hoc hp ni vi kiu
hm u ).
2. chnh lch ca v cp c v bng cht do, cch in bng cao su hoc v nhm cch in bng giy c tm bitum m in
p di 1KVA th cng khng b hn ch.
3. Cc hp u cp v phu cp khi ng cp mang ti bnh thng khng c r du, nu chnh lch ln hn mc quy nh.
4. i vi cp c in p 20 v 35 KV cch in bng giy tm du u phu cp c bt gi c nh th chnh lch cho php
ti 10m. Tuy nhin phi tnh ton n vic nh k thay cp.
Vic lp hp u cp, hp ni, hp phn nhnh ca cp 3 rut v nhm c lm dy trung tnh cng tc, phi thc hin theo quy
nh ring.
Khi vic ni v cp trong cc hp ni v hp phn nhnh cng nh ni dy trung tnh bn ngoi vo v cp trong hp u
cp, phi thc hin bng cu ni. Cu ni lm bng cc dy ng mm nhiu si phi hn thic chc chn vo v cp, ch hn
thic phi c cch in tt khng b n mn.
i vi cc thit b in c dng cp 3 rut v nhm m v nhm c dng lm dy trung tnh cng tc th phi thc hin cc
yu cu nh i vi cp 4 rut.
Khi t cp trc tip trong t th cp phi c lt di v ph bng mt lp t mn, mm. Sut tuyn cp phi c bin pho
bo v trnh h hng c hc: vi cp c in p 35KV tr nn dng cc tm an b tng ct thp dy t nht l 50 mm, in p n
35 KV th dng cc tm an b tng hoc gch ( cm dng gch silict ) to thng nht 1 lp ngang trn tuyn. i vi in p t
1000 V ch phi t gch nhng on d b h hng do c hc ( nhng ch d b o bi ). Mt ng ri nha c xem l
ch t b o bi.
Lp t mn lt cng nh lp t ph ct phi c chiu dy t nht l 100 mm.
Khng c t cp trong cc vng t c n mn ho cht (* t c mui, m ly, t bi, c x, rc ri v.v.. ) v c dng in
ti. Nu khi tht cn thit th phi dng loi cp c v ch hay v nhm bc cht do bo v. Trng hp khng c lp cht do
bo v th phi t cp trong ng cch in.
Phi t cp theo ng tuyn thit k quy nh ti ch giao cho nhau quan trng phi c cc nh du. Khi lm xong phi c bn
v hon cng.
Khi tuyn cp i song song vi ng tu in th khong cch t cp n ray gn nht khng nh hn 2m. Trong iu kin trt
hp cho php gim khong cch ni trn nhngcp phi t trong ng cch in trn sut on i gn.
Khi ng cp t song song vi ng t th cp phi t ngoi rnh ng v cch vch t nht 1 m.
Trng hp c bit, nu c s ng ca c quan qun l ng c th gim bt khong cch trn.
Khi tuyn cp i song song vi ng dy ti in trn khng in p 110 KV tr ln th khong cch t tuyn cp n hnh chiu
ca dy dn gn nht khng c nh hn 10m.
Khong cch t tuyn cp n cc phn ni t ca ct iu kin t 1 KV tr ln khng nh hn 10 m, di 1 KV l 1 m vfa 0,5
m nu cp t trong ng.
Khi cc tuyn cp giao cho nhau, gia chng phi cch nhau bng mt lp t dy 0,5 m. Cho php gim khong cch trn xung
cn 0,25 m nu gia hai tuyn cp c phn cch nhau bng tm b tng, hoc cp lun trong ng trong phm vi 1 m tnh t ch
giao cho ra.
Lc th cp thng tin phi t trn cp in lc v cp c in p thp hn t trn cp c in p cao hn.
Khi tuyn cp t song song vi ng ng th khong cch gia chng khng c b hn 0,5m. Ring vi ng dn du v dn
kh t t nht phi l 1 m.
Nu cp t trong ng th cho php khong cch trn cn 0,25 m trn sut ton b on i gn.
Cm t cp song song trn hoc di ng ng trong cng mt mt phng thng ng vi ng ng.
Khi tuyn cp giao cho vi ng ng, k c ng ng du v kh t khong cch t nht gia chng phi l 0,5 m khong cch
trn cn 0,25 m nu cp lun trong ng ch giao cho ( mi pha ra 1 m ).
Khi tuyn cp giao cho vi ng ng dn nhit th khong cch ti vtche yng ng dn nhit t nht phi l 0,5 m. Khi c
ng ng dn nhit phi cch nhit trn on giao cho cng thm 2 m v mi pha v m bo sao nhit ca t ch y
khng tng thm 100C so vi nhit cao nht ma h v 150C vo ma ng.
Nu iu kin v nhit trn khng m bo c th thc hin cc bin php sau:
1. Ch chn su cp n 0,5 m ch khng phi 0,7 m.
2. Dng cp c mt ct ln hn:
3. Cho cp vo ng v chn xung di ng ng dn nhit t nht l 0,5 m. Lc phi t ng sao cho khi cnthay cp khng
cn phi o t.
Khi tuyn cp i song song vi ng ng dn nhit th khong cch gia chng t nht phi l 2m hoc l trn ng ng d nhit
phi c cch nhit trn ton b on i gn cp m ba t khng tng qu 10 0C vo bt k thi gian no trong nm.
8.4- t cp trong ng ng, mng v trong cc gian sn xut.
t cp trong ng cng, mng cng nh cc gian sn xut khng c dng loi g c v gai bc ngoi. Tr trng hp cho
php t loi cp cc gian m t, c bit m t v c mi trng n mn ho hc v kim loi ca cp.
Thng thng trn cc on thng t ngang ca cc khong cch ca cc gi cp phi l 0,8 n 1 m hoc theo quy nh ca
thit k i vi mi loi cp.
Nu cp khng c ai thp d l v nhm hay ch, ch t ln gi phi c m lt mm.
Nu cp v nhm trn i men theo tng gch trt va hoc tng b tng th phi c khong h cch gia tng v cp. Trng
hp tng c sn du th cho php cp i st tng.
VII-34. Khi t cp trong nn nh hay trong sn gc phi t cp trong ng hay mng rnh. Cm chn cp trc tip trong cc kt
cu xy dng.
Khi t cp nn cc nn hoc kt cu bng g, khng c trt lng th gia cp th gia cp v nn phi c khong trng t nht l 50
mm. Trong cc gian c tng trn bng g, cp khng c ai thp phi t trong ng hoc hp bng cht khng chy.
Khi cp xuyn qua tng sn bng g, cp phi t trong ng v u phi nh ra mi bn t nht l 50 mm, gia cp v ng phi
chn cht bng vt liu khng chy nh b tng, va v.v... Nu on ng nh ra khi mp tng hoc mp sn 100 mm tr ln th
khng cn chn, nhng cp khng c gn tng di 50mm.
Trong mng cp th cp cng khng phi t trn gi nu mng khng su qu 0,5 m th cho php t cp xung y mng.
b) Nu hai bn thnh ng cng u c gi cp, th cp kim tra v cp in lc di 1 KV nn t v mt bn, cn bn kia t
cp trn 1 KV.
c) Cp trn 1 KV lm vic v d phng ca my pht in, my bin p v.v... cung cp in cho cc h tiu th cp I nn t hai
hng gi khc nhau.
Nu tt c cc cp cng t y mng th khong cch gia nhm cp in lc trn 1 KV vi nhm cp kim tra t nht phi l
100 mm hoc gia chng phi phn cch nhau bng mt vch chn khng chy.
Khong cch nh nht cho php gia tng si cp ring r nu strong bng VII-2 sau y:
- Chiu cao
- Trong ng
Trong
mng cp
1800
Khng quy nh
1000
100
900
300
- n 10 KV
200
150
- 20 - 35 KV
250
200
Khng quy nh
Ghi ch: Khong cch trn cng c p dng cho cp t trong hm cp.
Cm dng ct lp cc tuyn cp in lc t trong mng, tr cc gian d n.
Vic t cp trong ng cng, trong mng cngnh trong cc gian khc phi t cc yu cu sau:
a) Thng thng cp kim tra phi t di cp in lc, ring cp in lc di 1 KV cho php t ngang hng vi cp kim tra.
Kch thc ca cng trnh cp, chiu cao cng trnh, chiu rng hnh lang v khong cch gia cp n cc cu khc khng c
nh hn cc tr s nu trong bng VII-1.
ni cht hp, cho php gim chiu rng ca hnh lang xung cn 0,6 m n 1 on di 0,5m.
8.5. t cp trong Blc v ng.
Trc khi lp t cc Blc lun cp th bn xy lp v bn qun l khai thc cp sau ny phi tin hnh nghim thu cn thn.
Khi nghim thu phi kim tra nh sau:
-Tuyn cp theo thit k.
- su trn cp.
-Cng vic chng thm cho cp.
-Khong cch t b mt Blc cp n cao mt bng.
Ti cc ch ni Blc hay ni ng vi nhau th cc u ng v u Blc phi gia cng nhn khi lm hng cp khi ko cp v
khi khai thc cp.
ng knh trong ca ng lun cp t nht phi ln hn 1,5 ln ng knh ngoi ca cp. Ring cp c rut mt si t 25 - 70
mm2 th phi ln hn t nht 2 ln. Cc l ca Blc khng c nh hn 90 mm.
Khi t cp trong ng chn di t, khong cch gia ng lun cp vi cc cng trnh ging nh khi chn cp trc tip trong t.
Trong ging cp th cp v hp cp phi k trn gi hoc c b .
Trc khi lun cp vo Blc hay ng th cp nn bi m vadlin trung tnh.
8.6- t cp bi ly, on bn ly v di nc.
Khi cp giao cho vi sui, bi ct bi, mng nc v.v... th cp phi c lun trong ng.
y knh, sng v.v... ch t cp phi bng phng khng c ch mp m sc nhn lm hng cp hoc lm cp phi chu lc c
hc. Nu vng chng ngi vt nh ( tng ... ) th tuyn cp phi i vng hoc dn sch chng ngi vt hoc chn xuyn cp
qua chng.
Khi tuyn cp giao cho vi sng, knh v.v... cp phi c chn su di y nh sau:
a) t nht l 0,8 m on ven b v ch nc nng.
b) t nht l 0,5 m cc on c tu b qua li.
c) cc on c tu b qua li, lng sng thng xuyn no vt th su chn cp phi tho thun vi c quan qun l ng
thu khong cachs gia hai cp chn di y sng khng c nh hn 0,25m.
Khi ng cp giao cho vi sng c dng chy mnh hoc y sng c ngm, th cho php t cp trc tip y sng. Khi
, khong cch gia cc hng cp khng nh hn 10% chiu rng ca sng, nhng khng c nh hn 20 m. Ch cp ra khi
mt nc phi chn su xung t hoc cho vo trong ng bo v.
on cp vt sng phi d phng ni bn b t nht 10m v khi t di bin l 30m.
i vi b sng xy k... th ch cp chui ra phi xy ging cp.
Ti cc ch b sui, b sng thng b st l th bo v ng cp bng cch xy k p quai, c v.v...
Cm khng cho cc ng cp giao cho vi nhau di nc.
Ti ch cp giao cho vi sng, knh phi c bin bo hiu theo quy nh ca ngnh giao thng ng thu.
8.7- Ni cp v lm u cp.
Cng tc lm u cp, ni cp phi lm theo ch dn bng VI-6 ca hng dn ny.
Lm u cp loi c cch in bng giy tm du in p n 10KV c th khng dng phu cp ( lun rut cp qua cc ng ch,
cao su nha v.v... ) hoc c th dng phu bng tn ( thp ).
Trnghp cn thit nu thit k quy nh th phi dng hp cp c bit bng ngang, bng kim loi c cch in ( s ).
i vi cp in p t 3 KV tr ln c v ch hay nhm, phi dng cc hp ni bng nha epoxy bng ch, bng ng hoc
ng thau.
Vi cp in p di 1 KV c v ch hoc nhm, nu chn trc tip trong t, cng c th dng hp ni bng gang. Khi cp t h
th cho php ni trong hp ni bng nha epoxy hoc ch.
Nu cp chn trc tip trong t m c mi ni th khong cch t mp thn hp ni ti cp i cnh n t nht phi l 250mm.
Nu khong trn khng m bo th phi c bin php bo v cc hp ni t t gn cp khc ( xy gch, chn su thm hp ni
cp ).
Hp ni phi sp t sao cho rut cp khng gy ra lc cng c hc cho ng ni v lm hng mi ni ( bng cch chn cp, lm
cn bng lc cng ca cp ).
Khng cho php c hp ni nhng ch tuyn cp t dc ng v ch mng nc xi. Nu cn t ti ch th bt buc
phi to ra mt phng ngang ch hp ni.
Vic ni cp t trong cc Blc nht thit phi thc hin trong hp ni t trong ging cp.
i vi cc ng cp in p t 2KV tr ln c v bng cao su v trong ng mm bng cao su th ch ni phi tin hnh bng
cch lu ho nng ri qut nha chng m.
Nhit ca nha cp c bitum hay nha thng khi vo hp cp khng c vt qu cc tr s sau y:
+ 1900C i vi cp cch in bng giy.
+ 1100 C i vi cp cch in bng cao su.
+ 1300C i vi cp c v bng cht do.
cc hp cp c s, nhit nha vo khng c qu 130 0 - 140 0C . Trc khi , hp cp v s phi c sy nng n
600C.
Phn u cp loi cch in bng cao su c th dng phn thp hay phu nha y paraphin. Nu u cp trong nh c th
dng u cp kh c qun bng nha hay bng vi.
Vic ni, phn nhnh cp cch in bng cao su th phi dng hp ni bng ch hoc gang y paraphin. Cn trong nh cho
php ni kh bng bng cch in, sau qut sn m khng phi t trong hp ni, nu khng c kh nn h hng do c hc.
Cc rut cp c cch in bng giy, u phu phi c qun bng bng nha hoc bng vi c qut sn chng m, hoc ng
cao su chu du hay ng nha chu nhit v nh sng.
Cc rut cp c cch in bng cao su cng phi thc hin cch qun u ra nh iu trn. Ngoi ra c th qut lp nha sn
Mairit ( IKZ).
Tu theo nhit cch in, chiu di rut th ra khi phu cp t trong nh khng c b hn:
+ 150mm i vi cp di 1 KV.
+ 200 mm i vi cp di 3 KV.
+ 200 mm i vi cp di 6 KV
+ 400 mm i vi cp 10 KV.
Bn knh un pha trong ca rut cp khng c nh hn 12 ln ng knh ngoi ca rut i vi cp cch in bng giy, 3 ln
i vi cp cch in bng cao su.
8.8- t cp trong cc gian d n v cc thit tr ngoi tri d n.
Cc yu cu ca mc ny c p dng lp t mi loi cp in lc 1 chiu v xoay chiu trong cc gian d n v cc thit
tr ngoi tri d n.
Cm t hp ni cp v hp r nhnh cp trong cc gian d n, st gn cc thit b cng ngh ca cc thit tr ngoi tri d n.
Cp phi t xa cc van, cc bnh ngng t v cc thit b cng ngh khc theo ng thit k ch dn, nhng khng c h hn
100 mm.
Cp khng c c lp bc bng cht d chy ( si gai, bi tum v.v... )
Ti ch ng cp giao cho vi ng ng ho cht c tnh n mn, cp phi c lun trong ng thp ( loi thnh mng ) v c
nh chc chn.
Cc l trong nn nh lun cp qua v cc ng phi bt kn bng vt liu khng chy.
Trong cc gian cp B-I v B-Ia c cha hi v kh nng c trng lng ring ln hn 0,8 so vi khng kh trong cc gian cp B-II,
cc mng cp phi lp y ct.
Nu cp t trong mng i st tng ca cc gian d n cp B-I, B-Ia, nht thit phi dng ct lp mng trn 1 on di 1,5
m k t ch cp chui vo mng.
on cp i t cc b phn ca nh n cc thit b cng ngh tnh ti m khi lm vic c th lm bn ho cht n mn vo cp th
phi bao che on cp bng vt liu khng chy. Kch thc ca hp sao cho phi m bo ni cp d dng on i ti tng.
Ch cp i trong cc my in, cc kh c in nht thit phi dng hp u cp, c chn gi chc chn, khe h gia cp v hp
khng phi chn kn.
Trong cc nh cp B-Ia v B-IIa, i vi my cng sut ln khng c hp u vo ( nh ng c c tc chm v phng n
cao ) th c th dng phu cp hay hp u cp kiu kh, t trong cc hp chng bi t ch ch c nhn vin qun l c
php n.
cc thit tr ngoi tri cp B-I, cc ng thp lun dy dn v cp c qun ai thp, t trn cu ni i chung vi ng ng cng
ngh khc, cho php t trong nhng trng hp sau:
1) V pha cc ng cng ngh dn cht khng chy.
2) di cc ng ng dn kh hoc hi nng c t trng ring b hn 0,8.
3) Trn ng ng du kh hoc hi nng c t trng ln hn 0,8.
8.9- Cch sn v k hiu.
Khi t h cp v ch hoc v nhm khng c ai thp, hoc c ai thp nhng khng c lp bc ngoi, cc kt cu cp, hp cp,
phu cp u phi sn.
a) Sn du hoc nha- khi t trong nh c mi trng bnh thng.
b) Dng sn chng tc ng ho hc thch hp - Khi t trong mi trng c tnh n mn nhm, ch,,thp.
c) bng nha ng hoc loi tng t khi t ngoai nh.
Cc hp ni cp v cc kt cu ca cp chn trong t hoc t di nc phi qut nha ng hoc bi tum nng.
Mi ng cp in t 2 KV tr ln phi c s hiu ring hay tn gi ring. Nu c ng cp gm nhiu cp song song vi nhau
th mi si cp phi c cng s hiu nh nhau, c thm ch A, B, C...
Nhng cp t h v tt c cc hp cp, phu cp, u phi c bin nh ghi r: in p, mt ct, s hiu hay tn gi.
Ring hp ni v phu th phi ghi r: s hiu ngy thng thi cng, tn ngi lm.
Ring tm bin hp u cp cn phi c s hiu, k hiu ca cc im ko cp i v dn ti, bin phi chng c h hng v
iu kin mi trng xung quanh.
Cc bin hiu ca cp t trong mng, trong cng di t hoc trong nh, phi t ch cp chuyn hng c hai pha ch
cp xuyn qua sn, tng, ch cp i vo mng, cc ging cp, trn hp ni, phu cp v.v...
Cc bin hiu phi lm bng vt liu sau:
a) Bng cht do, nhm, tn c qut sn nu t trong nh c cu kin bnh thng.
b) cht do, nhm hoc tn sn k nu t trong nh m t hoc ngoi tri.
c) Bng cht do: Nu t trong nh c tnh n mn thp v khi t di t.
Ch s k hiu ghi trn bin trong iu kien bnh thng c th vit bng sn tt - cc ch c bit th phi dp hoc c.
Bin k hiu phi buc vo cp dy thp m km c ng knh t 1 - 2 mm tr trng hp c bit c quy nh ring.
Vic buc dy thp, phi lm chc chn, sau khi buc phi qut bi tum chng g.
Bin ca cp phn tch v hp ni t trong t phi qun 2, 3 lp bng nha trnh khi b h hng.
CHNG IX
NG DY TI IN TRN KHNG ( DK )
IN P TI 220 KV.
9.1- Yu cu chung.
Khi xy lp DK iu kin in p ti 220 KV nht thit tun theo quy trnh ny. H thng in kh ho giao thng v cc dng h
thng in chuyn dng khc c qui trnh v ch dn ring quy phm ring.
Nhng cng vic xy lp DK phi thc hin theo ng thit k, theo tiu chun xy dng Nh nc, quy phm trang thit b in
( QT ) v quy phm k thut an ton hin hnh.
Nhng cng vic pht sinh ngoi thit k, trong tng trng hp c th phi c s ng ca c quan thit k, c quan giao
thu ( Ban QLCT ) v c quan qun l cp trn.
thc hin c hiu qu nhng cng vic ch yu ca cng trnh iu kin, c quan xy lp phi m bo thc hin cc yu
cu sau:
- Lp thit k t chc thi cng ( TCTC ).
- Chun b chu o vt t, k thut v nhn lc.
- Nng cao vic s dng c gii khi thi cng v ng dng tin b k thut trong thi cng.
- Nghin cu t chc thi cng hp l.
Thit k t chc thi cng ( TCTC ) DK iu kin t 35 KV tr ln phi bao gm cc ni dung sau:
- S t chc thi cng.
- Phn on, tuyn thi cng.
- c im k thut cng trnh.
- Bng tng hp khi lng thi cng ch yu.
- Biu tin thi cng.
- Cc bin php thi cng ch yu ( km theo cc s cng ngh thi cng nh o c mng, lp rp dng ct, ri v cng dy
v.v... ).
- B tr kho bi tip nhn v vn chuyn vt t v thit b ra tuyn.
- Phn b nhn lc theo nhu cu tin cho tng on tuyn.
- Nhu cu cung cp xe my, cu kin, vt liu v ph kin mc dy cho tng on tuyn theo tin .
- T chc c s gia cng c kh v sa cha xe my trn tuyn.
- Xy dng cc cng trnh ph tr tm thi ( nh ca, in nc, thng tin lin lc, kho bi v.v... ).
- Bin php thi cng c bit cho cc on iu kin thi cng bn cnh ng dy ang mang in, dng ct v ri cng dy
phi yu cu ct in, thi cng nhng ch vt ng dy in lc 35 - 110 KV v ng st in kh ho, dch chuyn cc cng
trnh xy dng c ra khi hnh lang an ton ca tuyn DK.
- Nhng vn an ton cho cng vic xy lp ch yu:
i vi DK in p 35 KV nu khng c c im k thut phc tp th cho php thc hin n gin ngn gn, nhng phi c
y ti liu cn thit tin hnh ch o t chc thi cng c hiu qu.
C quan giao thu ( Ban QLCT ) phi chuyn cho bn xy lp nhng ti liu sau y:
- n thit k c duyt ( bao gm c thit k t chc xy dng cng trnh ).
- Giy php cp t xy dng.
- Nhng ti liu php l c tho thun thng nht ca cc c quan c lin quan n vic thi cng cng trnh nh:
+ S trng dng phn t c php tin hnh thi cng trn tuyn.
+ c php lm vic nhng ni c iu kin, ng dy thng tin, nhng on ng st, ng t cp I ang khai thc v
nhng ni c cng trnh ngm khc ( ng cp in lc, ng cp thng tin, ng ng hi, nc, du v.v... )
+ c php cht cy pht tuyn v dch chuyn cng trnh xy dng trn phn t c tin hnh thi cng.
C quan giao thu ( Ban QLCT ) phi giao tim mc tuyn DK cho bn xy lp cng vi cc ti liu k thut v nn mng ca
tuyn khng t hn 1 thng trc khi thi cng. Nhng cng vic trc c thng tuyn v gic mng do bn xy lp lm.
Ghi k hiu cc tim mc DK phi dng sn. Cc phi b tr sao cho khng gy tr ngi giao thng nhng ni c kh nng h
hng cc phi c bo v.
Khi nhn ct in bng b tng ct thp phi kim tra nh sau:
- L lch xut xng bao gm: ngy ch to, ngy xut xng, mc b tng v dng ct thp.
- C k hiu ct vit bng sn, phn ct khng sn di t.
- Khng c vt r v vt trn b mt ct vi kch thc khng qu 10 mm theo mi pha. Cc vt r v v nh hn 10 mm khng
c nhiu hn 2 trn 1 mt di, cc vt r v v ny phi c trt phng bng va xi mng - ct cp phi 1: 2.
Ct b tng ly tm khng c c nhiu hn mt vt nt dc ct vi b rng ti 0,2mm trong cng mt mt ct, khng c c
vt nt ngang ct - vi b rng qua 0,2 nu ct dng ct thp thanh v khng c 0,1 mm nu ct c dng ct thp nhiu si.
S lngvt nt dc c b rng ti 0,1 mm l ki hn ch, cc vt nt c b rng t 0,1 n 0,2 mm phi c ph kn bo v.
VIII-9. Khi nhn tr mng v cc mng bng b tng ct thp phi kim tra nh sau:
- L lch xut xng bao gm: Ngy ch to, ngy xut xng, mc b tng v dng ct thp.
- Ghi k hiu tr mng v ct bng sn.
- Khng c c vt nt v st v mt b tng c bu lng no.
Tt c nhng chi tit kim loi ca ct g v ct b tng ct thp phi sn hoc m chng g theo quy nh ca thit k.
Kt cu ct thp khi ch to, lp rp phi theo ng thit k, ghi nhn kt cu a vo xy lp phi kim tra nh sau:
L lch ct ca nh my ch to c ch r v kiu ct, m hiu v chng ch thp, m hiu que hn, s th t ca tng b phn
chi tit ct, ngy thng sn xut.
Vic ghi s hiu ct phi ph hp vi s lp rp ca nh my v bn v thit k. Sn hoc m chng g cho ct phi thc hin
ti nh my, v ph hp vi thit k.
Khi nhn cch in v ph kin mc dy phi ki m tra nh sau:
- Phi c ti liu kim tra cht lng tng l cch in ca nh my ch to. Trn b mt cch in khng c c vt nt, st m,
hng men v cc khuyt tt khc. Cc cch in c nhng khuyt tt k trn phi loib, ph kin mc dy khng c c cc vt
nt, r. ai c phi vn ra lp vo d dng sut chiu di ren lp bo v khng c c khuyt tt. Tt c cc ph kin mc dy
u phi c chng ch k thut ca nh my ch to.
Tt c cc kt cu ca ct thp, ct b tng ct thp, tr mng v ct mng b tng ct thp kho bi phi c bin php bo
qun cht lng tt.
Trong trng hp phi thi cng bn cnh ng dy ang mang in, cc khong vt sng, vt ng dy in lc v thng
tin, vt ng st, ng b v.v... th cc bn giao thu ( QLCT ) nhn thu ( xy lp ) v cc c quan c lin quan phi lp cc
vn bn tho thun bao gm ni dung sau:
- Ngy v gi thi cng, ngy v gi cm cc tu thuy xe c hot ng v.v... ngy v gi tt in, bin php bo v nhng cng
trnh nm k iu kin trnh h hng, bin php k thut an ton cho tng phn vic thi cng ch yu, h tn ngi ch huy
tthi cng ca bn c quan xy lp. H tn ngi i din chp c quan gim st, bin php t chc thc hin cc cng vic c th t
khi cng n khi hon thnh.
Khi xy lp DK vng ni c a hnh phc tp cng nh khi xy lp cc khong vt c bit th lc bt u cc cng vic c
bn phi lm ng tm mbo cung cp vt t, thit b v c gii thi cng cho tng v tr.
Cng tc o c mng, lp dng ct phi tin hnh theo s cng ngh c lp trong thit k t chc thi cng. i vi tng
khong no phi c s cng ngh ri v cng dy cho ph hp vi a hnh c th ca tng khu vc.
9.2- Cng tc vn chuyn.
Trc khi vn chuyn ct in, cc loi tr mng v cc mng b tng ct thp ra tuyn thi c quan xy lp phi kho st tnh
trng cc tuyn ng cho ph hp vi phng tin vn chuyn. Nu trn tuyn ng cn phi ci to sa cha cu, ng th
c quan thi cng phi tho thun vi c quan thit k b sung d ton.
Khi vn chuyn nhng ct c chiu di ln phi dng xe ko ct chuyn dng v phi c bin php chng buc chc chn. Khi bc
r ct ln xung phng tin vn ti phi dng cu hoc thit b tng ng. Cm by ct gy nt v ct. Khi vn chuyn tr
mng v cc mng b tng ct thp phi c bin php bo v bu lng khng b h hng. Cm dng bin php by lt cu kin
di chuyn trn mt bng.
Ru l dy dn v dy chng st khi vn chuyn phi lun lun t th thng ng ( t th ln ).
Cch in khi vn chuyn phi c bao gi trong thng g, trnh vn chuyn chung cch in vi cc vt rn, c kh nng va p
gy h hng.
9.3 - Pht tuyn.
Khi bt u t chc cng vic pht tuyn phi tun theo nhng qui nh nu phn trn, ngoi ra phi c bin php k thut thi
cng v bin php an ton phng trnh tai nn.
Gc cy sau ca ct khng c cao trn mt t khng qu 10 cm , i vi cy c ng knh ti 30 cm v khng qu 1/3 ng
knh ca cy khi ng knh ln hn 30 cm v ti v tr ct th phi ca ct di mt t.
Khi Tuyn DK qua rng v cy xanh ( cy n qu ) khng nht thit phi pht tuyn. Quy nh khong cch t dy dn c
vng thp nht khi nhit cao nht v b gi thi nging lch ti cy v khng c nh hn 1 m. Ngoi ra cn phi xem thm
quy phm trang b in ( QT).
Vic dn sch tuyn DK thi cng l do c quan m nhn pht tuyn thc hin. Khng c cht cc bi cy vng t d b
si l trong thi gian ma l, gp trng hp nh vy phi thc hin theo quy nh ca quy phm trang b in ( QT) v khong
cch dy dn ti cy xanh.
G cy c xp ng trn tuyn trong thi gian thi cng phi c bin php phng chng chy.
9.4 - Cng tc lm mng.
o t h mng DK phi thc hin theo quy nh v o t v s cng ngh c lp trong thit k t chc thi cng.
Trc khi o phi gic mng chnh xc.
y h mng sau khi o phi dn sch s, bng phng, v phi kim tra cao tng i ca y so vi thit k. Sa phng y
h mng bng phng php xn phng t khng lm h hng kt cu nguyn th ca t y mng. Ch cho php p t lm
phng mt bng y h khi c chnh di 100 mm v sau phi tin hnh m k.
y h mng no phi lm sch v phng theo gc nging quy nh ca thit k. Nu sai v nging th khng c vt qu
10%.
H hnh tr dng cho ct ly tm chn trc tip phi o bngmy khoan, trng hp o bng th cng th kch thc h mng v
bin php gia c phi theo ng thit k quy nh.
Cho php dng n mn, p t to h hnh tr i vi loi t st, st v t do. trong phng php n mn ny th thuc n
c tnh ton nh lng phn b theo chiu su ca l khoan mi c ng knh 70cm.
Khi tin hnh n mn to h mng k trn phi c php ca c quan chuyn mn ( cng an ) v phi chu s gim st cht ch
ca c quan .
Cho php hon chnh h mng, ni t bng phng php n mn, gii hn an ton ca vng n mn phi tun theo quy phm
an ton v n mn.
Cng nhn vin lm vic n mn phi c st hch kim tra k thut nh mn v quy phm an ton v cng tc n mn, ng
thi phi c s nht k n mn.
Ch cho php n mn khi tri sng, cm n mn khi tri cha sng r hoc khi c ging bo. Cng vic n mn phi tin hnh cn
trng trong mt phng n k thut chnh xc v thng nht d s ch huy ca mt ngi chu trch nhim chnh.
Nu trong h mng c nc trc khi lp t mng hoc c mng hay lp t h mng phi tin hnh bm nc ra ngoi.
su y h mng phi theo ng thit k. Trng hp o h mng kh thc hin su thit k th phi c c quan thit k
ng .
Khi thi cng tr mng v cc mng b tng ct thp phi tun theo quy phm xy dng nn v mng. Cc mi hn hoc cc lin
kt ca cc tr mng lp ghp phi c bo v chng r. Trc khi hn phi co sch r cc chi tit hn. i vi mng b tng
ct thp c sn nu c b dy ca lp b tng bo v nh hn 30mm v tt c cc mng t mi trng xm thc phi c bin
php bo v.
Mi trng xm thc c tc hi ti b tng phi c c quan kho st thm d a cht xc nh bng phn tch ho hc. V tr
trn tuyn DK c mi trng xm thc v tr ct trn tuyn DK phi c ch dn trong thit k.
Sau khi c mng hoc lp t mng ng yu cu k thut v ng thit k th tin hnh lp vn bn nghim thu v lp mng.
t lp mng phi ph hp vi thit k v c m nn cn thn theo tng lp.
Dng lp t tr mng lp ghp ch c tho sau khi lp t n cao 1/2 mng.
Chiu cao lp t au m nn cn phi tnh ti kh nng ln ca t p.
Sai s cho php trong lp t mng v cc mng lp ghp phi thc hin theo bng VIII-1.
Bng VIII-1
TT
Tn gi
Khng dy no
C dy no
10 mm
10 mm
20 mm
50 mm
20 mm
20 mm
00, 30'
1030'
2030'
50 mm
Phi dng nhng ming m thp khi lp rp ct chnh s chnh lch cao trnh mt trn tr mng.
Khi c mng b tng ti ch phi thc hin theo qui phm xy dng kt cu b tng ct thp.
Sai lch kch thc ca bu lngmng chn ct khng c vt qua:
- Khongcch theo chiu ngang gia cc tr bu lng chn ct l 10 mm.
- Chnh lc cao trn nh bu lng chn ct 20 mm
9.5 - Lp rp v dng ct.
Mt bng lp rp mi v tr ct phi m bo thun li cho vic thi cng cc chi tit. Ngoi ra cn phi tnh ti ng qua li
phc v lp, dng ct ca cc phng tin c gii, vn ti. Lp rp ct phi tin hnh theo ng trnh t v s cng ngh
c lp trong thit k t chc thi cng.
Lp rp ct g phi ph hp vi bn v thit k. Cht lng lin kt bu lng lp rp ct phi m bo theo yu cu sau:
Kch thc quy cch bu lng, phi ng thit k khng cho php lp bu lng c ng knh nh hn vo l lin kt khng trng
tm gi hai chi tit ghp. Bu lng phi i sut v cht l khoan. Lin kt bu lng th trc phi thng gc vi mt phng lin kt v
phn ren bu lng khng c n su vo pha trong hn 1 mm.
u bu lng v ai c phi tip xc cht vi mt phng chi tit lin kt v vng m, phn nh ra ca bu lng khng c nh hn
40 mm v khng ln hn 100 mm.
ai c phi xit cht ti chi v phi ph ren c su khng ln hn 3 mm hoc phi xit thm mt ai c chng t tho. Ti
tt c cc ai c cao ln 3 m k t mt t phi dng phng php ph ren chng t tho.
Vng m phi t di ai c t 1 n 2 ci. Cm khng c s rnh di vng m. Trng hp phn ren bu lng khng
di xit cht lin kt bu lng th cho php t thm mt vng m u bulng.
Trc khi dng ct b tng ct thp nht thit phi kim tra li xem b mt thn ct c b st, nt v v qu tiu chun cho php
hay khng.
Nu c, phi x l theo iu ch dn trn. B mt ch v, xc di tiu chun khi x l phi x x khng nhn m bo lin
kt cht vi lp va xi mng - ct trt v.
Kim tra cht lng ng hn ca thp ngoi hin trng, thng thng quan st bng mt bng o kch thc ng hn, tin
hnh g nghe m thanh. Khi ngi kim tra yu cu khoan kim tra cht lng ng hn th ch cho php khoan khng qu
1 mi trn tng chiu di 20 m ng hn. Cng nhn hn tham gia hn kt cu ct thp phi l cng nhn chuyn nghip v hn.
Sai s cho php khi lp rp ct thp phi tun theo quy phm v ch to, lp rp v tip nhn kt cu thp.
Cp thp dng lm dy no ct, phi c lp bo v chng g, cp phi c ch to v ghi s hiu cho tng v tr ct trn tuyn v
vn chuyn ti tng v tr tng ng.
Cp thep dng thi cng phi tt u cp v tnh ton cho ph hp vi yu cu k thut.
Cp thp thi cng phi c kim tra ti trng thi im bt u dng ct vo mng bng cch nng ti cao khng qu 30
cm tnh t mt t hoc mt gi k. Vic nng ti phi tin hnh t t u n, nu khng b tut t, gy l c. Khi tin hnh
dng ct vt phc tp phi c bin php ring c lp trong thit k t chc thi cng. i vi ct bnh thng th theo s
cng ngh lp dng nh hnh.
Chn chn ct vo h hnh tr cho ct ly tm chn trc tip c tin hnh sau khi dng ct v iu chnh ng v tr thit k.
Lp chn ct phi lm ng theo yu cu ca thit k quy nh v m cht bng cng c chuyn dng.
Vic chn chn ct b tng ct thp, g, thp vo l mng hnh cc phi tin hnh sau khi dng ct vo ng v tr thit k v kim
tra c nh ct bng nm b tng c sn, lp va chn chn ct phi theo quy nh ca thit k v phi lm trong cng ngy dng
c.
Trc khi dng ct theo phng php bn l xoay th tr mng kiu nm v cc mng phi b tr thanh chng lc y ca bn l
vo mng khi dng ct. Cm dng ct khi cha hon thin cng vic lm mng, lp mng v thanh chng k trn.
Ghi nht k cng trnh thi cng mng v lp rp ct bo m yu cu k thut, phn mng c bin bn nghim thu, th ngi
ph trch thi cng c php ra lnh dng ct vo mng. Trc khi ra lnh dng ct, ngi ph trch thi cng phi cho tin hnh
kim tra cc cng vic nh sau:
- Kim tra mng, o li kch thc v tr bu lng mng chn ct xem c sai lch so vi thit k khng ; phn ren bu lng mng c
sch v st v khng ? ai c c d vn v tho ra khng ?
- Kim tra cht lng lp rp ct, cht lng mi hn v sit cht bu lng, ph ren bu lng chng t tho ... nu c thanh ct
cong vnh phi nn thng.
Khi dng ct bng phng php bn l xoay th phi kim tra cc chi tit mi buc ca b dng v phi th ti thi im bt u
dng ct. Khi cn thit phi tnh ton gia c thm cho kt cu ct bo m vng chc mi c tin hnh dng ct. Pha i din
vi chiu dng ct phi b tr thit b phanh hm chc chn. i vi ct c dy no v ct ly tm khi dng nht thit phi c dy
tng cnh m bo tr ct lun trng vi tim hng dng ct.
Cc phng n k thut lp dng ct phi tnh ton kh nng chu lc ca ct v cc chi tit kt cu thi cng theo lc thi cng
m bo an ton trong sut qu trnh lp dng ct, khng lm bin dng h hng ct.
Nhng ct t trn mng b tng ct thp hoc cc mng phi c c nh cht bng bu lng mng chn ct, ai c bu lng chn
ct phi xit cht ti chi v phi ph ren chng hin tng t tho, nhng su khng qu 3 mm.
Ti bu lng chn cc loi ct phi t 2 ai c v sau khi dng ct, xit cht ai c phi c bao bc b tng theo yu cu thit
k.
Khi c nh cht ct vo mng th ch cho php gia chn ct v mt phng tr mng sai lch cao khng qu 40 mm. m
c chiu dy tng cng khng qu 40 mm. Kch thc v hnh dng bn ngoi ca tm m phi xc nh theo thit k kt cu
ct.
Tin hnh kim tra ct theo chiu thng ng nu l ct khng dy no v ct hnh th thng thng dng qu di, cn i vi
ct thp hnh thp phi dng my kinh v.
Sai lch cho php ca ct btng ct thp v ct khng dy no so vi thit k phi tun theo bng VIII-2.
Bng VIII-2.
Tn gi
Tr s cho php
Ct g
Ct b tng
1: 100
1 : 150
100 mm
100 mm
Ln hn 200 m
200
200 mm
1 : 50
1 : 100
50
100 mm chuyn v u x
Sai lch cho php i vi cng hnh phi theo bng VIII-3.
Bng VIII-3.
Tn gi
1 : 100
100 mm
100 mm
80 mm
50 mm
50 mm
Tn gi
1 : 200
100 mm
100 mm
Ti 200 m
200 mm
200 - 300 m
300 mm
Ln hn 300 m
Sai s cho php khi dng ct thp hnh cng c dy no phi theo bng VIII-5.
Bng VIII-5
Tn gi
1 : 200
100 mm
Ti 15 m
1 : 150 L
Ln hn 15 m
1 : 250 L
100 mm
200 mm
ti 250 m
300 mm
Ln hn 250 m
Thit b chng st, tip a phi c thc hin theo yu cu lp t thit b chng st ca quy trnh ny.
9.6- Lp rp cch in v ph kin mc dy.
Cch in v cc ph kin mc dy phi m bo ph hp vi tiu chun k thut Nh nc hin hnh v yu cu k thut ca nh
ch to.
La chn cch in v ph kin mc dy phi tin hnh t trc khi chuyn ra tuyn. Mi l cch in phi c ti liu chng ch
k thut xut xng ca nh my ch to.
Trc khi lp rp cch in v ph kin mc dy phi kim tra xem xt cn thn la chn chnh xc. S cch in phi m
bo, khng c vt nt, v, v phi lau sch sn, xi mng cng nh bi bn khc bng d lau vi xng, cm dng bn chi st
lm v sinh cch in. cch in ca vt cch in phi c kim tra bng mgmt 2500 V v trong cch in ca mi
ci cch in treo hoc ng khng c nh hn 300 Mga m.
Thng thng lp t x tin hnh trong giai on lp rp ct v lp cch in trong giai on dng ct hoc gii cng dy.
Chn cch in ng phi lp t chc chn vo x hoc ct, v phi m bo thng ng cc loi cch in ng lp trn x v
ct phi ngay thng, loi cch in c chn ren th phi vn chn ren n ht ren. Loi khng c chn ren phi chn chn bng xi
mng Poclng mc khng nh hn 400 - 500 v 60% ct vng sch, khng nn va xi mng ct chn chn cch in qu dy.
Sau khi va xi mng ct chn chn cch in ng kt chc chn th phi sn ph mt lp bitum mng 0,1 mm. Trc ca chn
cch in ng phi b tr thng ng ch cho php lp t cch in ng vi gc nghing 45 0 nhng ch mc dy th trng.
Nhng chi tit ph kin mc dy ni cch in, kiu treo phi dng cht ch v mng ghp ni phi dng kho M cht ch v
kho M phi bng thp v c sn xut ti nh my ch to ph kin mc dy, cm khng c thay bng ng.
Tt c cht ch v kho M phi b tr trn mt ng thng hng v pha mt ct nu l ct cn i vi chui no th phi
nm v pha di.
9.7. Lp rp dy dn v dy chng st.
Dy nhm v dy nhm li thp khi lp rp vo kho hoc no (kho bu lng hoc kho nm) phi c tm m lt bng nhm
bo v, nu l dy ng phi c tm m lt bng ng.
C nh dy dn vo cch in ng bng cch dng si dy dn qun buc theo s cng ngh lp t dy do thit k quy nh.
ng knh si dy dn dng qun bn c nh dy dn vo cch in ng phi tun theo bng VIII-6.
Bng VIII-6
Vt liu dy v dy buc
Mt ct dy dn
ng knh si du buc mm
Thp
bt k
2 + 2,7 mm
Nhm
bt k
2,5 + 3,5 mm
S lng si dy t
Dng sa cha
6 - 19
24 - 30
ti 3
37 - 54
-4
61 - 96
-5
6-7
18 - 19
3-5
24 - 30
4-8
37 - 54
5 - 10
61 - 96
6 - 13
6-7
18 - 19
24 - 30
37 - 54
11
61 - 96
14
Ch si t qun ai bo dng b vo ch
thiu v t ng v
Tt c cc bin k m hiu s th t ct v k hiu DK phi t pha hng ct v pha tri hoc pha phi tuyn dy. Cn ct
vt ng th mt hng v pha ng d nhn thy.
Nhng ct st, x st v cc chi tit kim loi ca mng ct v tr mng b tng ct thp phi thc hin chng r ch yu ti nh
my ch to. Trn tuyn ch cho php sn li nhng ch h hng.
Ch hn ni lp rp ca ct thp phi sn li sau khi hn.
Khng c sn ch ni ct vi h thng ni t, khng c sn cc chi tit chn ngm trong kt cu b tng lin kt lp
ghp. Trn b mt tip xc lin kt lp rp gia cc on ct khng c sn.
Cm sn li nhng ch h hng lp bo v chng r ca kt cu v chi tit kim loi trn tuyn trong thi gian ma v b mt kim
loi b m t.
9.10 - Nghim thu bn giao cng trnh a vo khai thc.
Nghim thu cc cng vic xy lp hon thnh phi tun theo quy phm trang b in ( QT) v cc quy phm v nn mng, kt
cu cng trnh xy dng v quy trnh cng ngh ch to cch in v ph kin mc dy.
Nghim thu cng trnh khng nht thit phi tin hnh sau khi cng trnh hon thnh ton b, m c th tin hnh tng phn
theo s tho thun gia bn xy dng v bn giao thu.
Bn giao thu phi c ngi i din kim tra cc cng vic theo tin trnh xy lp DK k c " phn b che ph hoc lp " v
lp bin bn xc nhn.
Nu bn giao thu khng thc hin vic kim tra v nghim thu trn hin trng trong qu trnh thi cng th vic kim tra cht
lng v lp bin bn nghim thu vn tin hnh do bn xy lp lm.
Sau khi kt thc cng vic lp rp dy dn v dy chng st trong mt khong no ring bit th bn xy lp c th ngh vi bn
giao thu tin hnh kim tra v nghim thu cht lng trong khong no .
Khi bn giao a cng trnh vo khai thc th bn xy lp phi giao cho Hi ng nghim thu nhng ti li sau y:
- n thit k cng trnh.
- Nhng ti liu thay i thit k.
- Nhng bin bn xc nhn cht lng mng v tip a.
- Cc bin bn o in tr ni t.
- Bin bn xc nhn ch giao cho v vt sng c cc c quan qun l cng trnh lin quan tho thun.
- Bn lit k nhng cng vic lm sai vi thit k.
- Nhng vn bn php l v s dng t cho tuyn D K vcc ti liu v n b phn t di tuyn dy c cc c quan
hu quan ph duyt.
- Bn lit k cc vt t d phng ca cng trnh ( nu c )
H s c lu tr theo ch c bit n khi cng trnh s dng , khai thc hon vn u t./.