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, (palabra encltica = latn -que), "y".

"o, o bien".
...... "o...o".
... "ya...ya".
, "pero, sino".
, "pero, en cambio".
, "a su vez, por el contrario, por otra parte".
, "no obstante, sin embargo".
"sin embargo, a pesar de todo".
"sin embargo".
"pero en efecto".
"pues, porque".
"pues en efecto, pues incluso".
"as pues, por consiguiente".
"pues, as pues".
"pues, por consiguiente".
"as pues, pues bien".

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3<632B@7><(=<6(47=(OD2(@52626(=D(GB<G5<(=D?2@<(26(73D=7@5A<X(
. "Quera partir ahora mismo".// .
"Afirmo que los vuestros han sido vencidos por los enemigos".
9P!&)04,8=1R/?!C)2!C)2QG2C1D23!

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CP!&)04,8=1R/?!B8!4/*=1C141)H(3<6(4<=(A2BF<=(OD2(=5L65I5376(eA2BeH(e=7F2BeH(e7GB26>2BeH(eB23<B>7BeU .
"S que soy mortal".
d) Oraciones interrogativas indirectas, con el verbo en indicativo u optativo oblicuo: . "Dime de
quin eres hijo". // . "Pregunt si era necesario ir ".

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1

En toda oracin subordinada que expresa el pensamiento de alguien y que depende de una oracin principal en tiempo
secundario, el indicativo y el subjuntivo pueden ser sustituidos por el optativo. Es el modo de la subordinacin llamado
optativo oblicuo o de estilo indirecto. Ej.: ( ).

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. "Enviarn a la guerra a los que tengan armas".//
. "Los que aman a los dems son buenos".

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3. ORACIN SUBORDINADA ADJETIVA
I. Subordinada adjetiva propiamente dicha.
a) Oracin de relativo: , . "La reina vio el palacio que construy
el rey. // , . "Confiamos en la libertad que tenemos (con atraccin del relativo).
b) Con un participio: . "El general que conduce
al ejrcito contra los Lacedemonios no es Pericles".
II. Oracin de relativo equivaliendo a subordinada adverbial:
a) Con valor final: verbo en indicativo futuro (negacin ):
. "Enviaremos a los lacedemonios embajadores que (para que) concierten la paz".
b) Con valor causal: verbo en indicativo (negacin ): , . "Eres un impo t que
(porque) no sacrificas a los dioses".
c) Con valor consecutivo: verbo en indicativo (negacin ): , ;
"Quin es tan loco que quiera luchar contra el Destino?".
d) Con valor condicional: verbo en subjuntivo + , si la principal est en presente:
. "Alabamos a quienes nos alaban" (= si alguien nos alaba, lo alabamos); verbo en optativo sin si la
principal est en pasado: , . "Saludaba a todos los que encontraba (si encontraba a alguno, lo
saludaba)".

4. ORACIN SUBORDINADA ADVERBIAL

a) Final: , , y "para que" + subjuntivo u optativo oblicuo (negacin ):
. "Enviaremos a los Lacedemonios embajadores para que
concierten la paz".
b) Causal: , , "porque", , , "puesto que" + indicativo y optativo con principal en pasado
(negacin ): , . "Ciro dio dinero, porque quera reunir un
ejrcito".

c) Consecutiva: "de modo que"; en la principal a veces () "de tal manera" y "tanto" y
"tal" + indicativo (negacin ) consecuencia real // infinitivo (negacin ): .
"Es tan rico que no necesita trabajar".

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d) Condicional: , ( y ) "si" (negacin ):
Tipos

Subordinada
(Prtasis)

Principal
(Apdosis)

Real u objetiva

+ indicativo

Modo oracin
independiente.

Eventual o probable

+ subjuntivo

Futuro indicativo o
imperativo.

Potencial

+ optativo

Optativo +

Irreal

+ imperfecto (presente)
+ aoristo (pasado)

Imperfecto o aoristo con

, segn el caso.

Ejemplo
,

. "Si eres justo
y honrado, sers alabado
por los ciudadanos".
,
. "Si buscis
la verdad, obedecedme".
,
.
"Si furamos valientes,
destruiramos a los
malvados".
,
. "Si
tuviramos paz, seramos
afortunados". //
,
. "Si
hubiramos tenido paz,
habramos sido
afortunados".

e) Concesiva: + participio (negacin ), , , , () y modos de las condicionales:

, . "Aunque los
griegos derroten al ejrcito de los persas cuatro veces, los persas sern an poderosos".
f) Comparativa: o y en correlacin: ... o "as...como", ... "tanto...como",
... "tal...cual", ... "tanto...cuanto" + indicativo (negacin ):
. "Comemos tanto cuanto queremos".
g) Temporal: , "cuando", , , "despus que", "mientras, hasta que", , "hasta que",
', "desde que", "antes que".
- + indicativo (hecho preciso en el pasado o presente, negacin ), + subjuntivo + (hecho futuro, negacin ):
, . "Cuando Scrates muri, sus discpulos lloraron".
- + subjuntivo con (hecho repetido en el presente), + optativo sin (hecho repetido en el pasado; en ambos
negacin : , . "Todos los ciudadanos luchbamos
por la patria, siempre que estaba en peligro".
h) Tiene valor de subordinada adverbial tambin el participio: . "Ciro dio
dinero para reunir un ejrcito (valor final)" // . "Cazando en un bosque vi unos ciervos (=
mientras cazaba en un bosque..., valor temporal) // . "Siendo rico
conviene ayudar a los ms desgraciados" (=si uno es rico.. valor condicional).
Genitivo Absoluto. Cuando el participio tiene un sujeto propio que no forma parte de la oracin principal, la expresin
entera se pone en genitivo. Es el llamado genitivo absoluto, que corresponde al ablativo absoluto del latn. Ej.:
, . "Ciro subi, no impidindoselo nadie".

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