PHOTOSYNTHESIS

GOPI K.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Carbon dioxide + water glucose +
oxygen
• 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Chlorophyll in thylakoids of
chloroplasts traps the light energy
• Stroma contains all the enzymes to
complete photosyntesis & produce
glucose
 CHLOROPHYLL
• Chlorophyll a (blue green)-most
abundant
• Chlorophyll b (yellow green)
• Carotenoids (orange carotene &
yellow xanthophyll)
• Phaeophytin (grey)
CHLOROPHYLL
COMPLEX
• Photosystem I (PSI)
- 700 nm
-intergranal lamellae

• Photosystem II (PSII)
-680 nm
-grana
PHOTOSYNTESIS

• Light-
dependent
reaction
• Light-
independent
reaction
LIGHT DEPENDENT
STAGE
• In thylakoid membranes of
chloroplasts
• Have 2 main functions:
-produce ATP
-split water molecules
(photochemical) providing
H2 ions
LIGHT DEPENDENT
STAGE
• Photon hit the chlorophyll
molecule, energy is
transfered
• Electrons are excited,
higher energy levels
• Can be picked up by an
electron acceptor
(carrier)
• Leads to synthesis of ATP
– cylic & non cyclic
photophosphorylation
 CYCLIC
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
• Involves only PS1
• Hitting of light at
chlorophyll molecule
• Light- excited electron
leaves the molecule
• Taken up by electron
acceptor
• Passed along electron
transport chain for ATP
production
• Can be excited once
more
 NON CYCLIC
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATIO
N
• Involves both PSI & PSII
• Splits H2O -> carbohydrate & ATP

In PSI
• Excited electron from PSI picked up by e-
acceptor (NADP)
• NADP take up H+ & reduced (NADPH)
• NADPH used in light independent reaction to
make glucose
 NON CYCLIC
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATI
ON
In PSII
• Excited electron picked up by another e-
acceptor
• Passes along electron transport chain until
reaching PSI
• Synthesis of ATP, PSI receives e- that was
lost to the light independent reaction earlier
• PSII short of electron & unstable
• e- comes from photolysis (splitting of H2O)
 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Millions of times in
chloroplast
• H ions are removed by
NADP and OH ions left
behind
• OH ions will release
electron to chlorophyll
to form oxygen and
water
• 4OH- -4e- -> O2 + 2H2O
• The shortage of e- in
PSII restored & can
be excited again
 LIGHT INDEPENDENT
STAGE
• Uses ATP & NADPH from
light dependent stage
• Calvin cycle in stroma
 CALVIN CYCLE

• CO2 from air combines with RuBP (fixed)

• Catalysed by RUBISCO enzyme
• 6C split to give 2GP
• GP reduced(+ H+) to form GALP
• GALP forms either glucose or RuBP
• Reaction takes place in both light & dark
• Stops only when ATP &NADPH not available
SUMMARY
SUMMARY