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Product
Course Code
Product
OEA000200
LTE
3GPP R8
1.00
Developer/Modifier
Time
Approver
New/Update
Zhu Dianrong
2010-5-10
Version
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Course Version ISSUE
New
Page0
LTE Protocols and

Procedures
www.huawei.com
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
2. EPS Protocols
3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service
4. Radio Resource Control
5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol
6. Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control
7. X2/S1 Interface and Protocols
8. Mobility in LTE
Page2
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
2. EPS Protocols
8. Mobility in LTE
Page3
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
1.1 EPS Network Elements
1.2 EPS Interfaces
Page4
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
1.2 EPS Interfaces
Page5
E-UTRAN Architecture
Page6
User Equipment
Page7
UE Categories
UE Category
Maximum
Downlink
Data Rate
Number of
Downlink
Data Streams
Maximum
Uplink Data
Rate
Support for
Uplink
64QAM
10.3Mbit/s
5.2Mbit/s
No
51.0Mbit/s
25.5Mbit/s
No
102.0Mbit/s
51.0Mbit/s
No
150.8Mbit/s
51.0Mbit/s
No
302.8Mbit/s
75.4Mbit/s
Yes
Page8
UE Identities
IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)
IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary Identity)
S-TMSI (Serving - Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity)
IP Address - This may either be an IPv4 or IPv6 address
Page9
Evolved Node B
Page10
eNB Identities
TAI (Tracking Area Identity) - is a logical group of
neighboring cells defined by the service provider in which an
LTE idle UE is able to move within without needing to
update the network. As such, it is similar to a RAI (Routing
Area Identity) used in 2G and 3G packet switched networks.
ECGI (Evolved Cell Global Identity) - is comprised of the
MCC, MNC and ECI (Evolved Cell Identity), the later being
coded by each service provider.
Page11
Femto Cells
In order to improve network coverage and capacity, the
3GPP have developed a new type of base station to operate
within the home or small business environment. Termed the
HeNB (Home Evolved Node B).
In additional identities which have been introduced by the
3GPP for femto cell operation. These are:
CSG (Closed Subscriber Group) Identity.
HeNB.
Page12
Mobility Management Entity
Page13
Serving - Gateway
Page14
Packet Data Network - Gateway
Page15
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
1.2 EPS Interfaces
Page16
E-UTRAN Interfaces
Uu
S1-MME
X2
S1-MME
S1 U
S1-U
S1-U
Page17
EPC Architecture and Interfaces
S1-MME
S10
S11
S1-U
S5/S8
SGi
Page18
Additional Network Elements and

Interfaces
CDMA
2000
S6a
S13
S101
S10
S3
S11
Gx
S4
S2a
S5/S8
Trusted
Non 3GPP
IP Access
S12
S103
CDMA
2000
S2b
Wn
Untrusted
Non 3GPP
IP Access
Page19
Questions
Which Release 8 UE category supports MIMO 4x4?
a. 1.
b. 2.
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
Page20
Questions
True / False. An LTE system does not use the IMSI.
Page21
Questions
Which node terminates the UEs NAS signaling?
a. eNB.
b. MME.
c. S-GW
d. PDN-GW.
Page22
Questions
True / False. The S-GW uses DHCP to allocate the UE IP
address.
Page23
Questions
Which interface connects the eNB to the MME?
a. X2.
b. S1-MME.
c. S1-U
d. S5.
Page24
Questions
Which interface connects an eNB logically to another eNB?
a. X2.
b. S1-MME.
c. S1-U
d. S5.
Page25
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
2. EPS Protocols
8. Mobility in LTE
Page26
Contents
2.
EPS Protocols
2.1 EPS Signaling
2.2 EPS Protocols
2.3 E-UTRAN Channel Mapping
Page27
Contents
2.
EPS Protocols
2.1 EPS Signaling
2.2 EPS Protocols
Page28
LTE Control Plane
Page29
LTE User Plane
Page30
Contents
2.
EPS Protocols
2.1 EPS Signaling
2.2 EPS Protocols
Page31
Uu Interface Protocols
Page32
NAS EMM and ESM Procedures

EMM Procedures
ESM Procedures
Attach
Default EPS Bearer Context Activation
Detach
Dedicated EPS Bearer Context Activation
Tracking Area Update
EPS Bearer Context Modification
Service Request
EPS Bearer Context Deactivation
Extended Service Request
UE Requested PDN Connectivity
GUTI Reallocation
UE Requested PDN Disconnect
Authentication
UE Requested Bearer Resource Allocation
Identification
UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification
Security Mode Control
ESM Information Request
EMM Status
ESM Status
EMM Information
NAS Transport
Paging
Page33
Radio Resource Control
Page34
Packet Data Convergence Protocol
Page35
Radio Link Control
Page36
Medium Access Control
Page37
Physical Layer
Page38
Physical Layer
Page39
X2 Interface
Page40
S1 Interface
S1-U
User Plane
GTP-U
UDP
IP
Layer 2
Layer 1
Page41
S11 Interface
Page42
S5/S8 Interface
Page43
S10 Interface
S10
Control Plane
GTPv2-C
GTPv2
C
UDP
IP
Layer 2
Layer 1
Page44
SGi Interface
SGi
Applications
TCP / UDP
IP
Layer 2
Layer 1
Page45
Contents
2.
EPS Protocols
2.1 EPS Signaling
2.2 EPS Protocols
Page46
LTE Channels
Page47
Logical Channels
Page48
Control Logical Channels
Page49
CCCH and DCCH Signaling

SRB 0
CCCH
SRB 0
CCCH
SRB 1
DCCH
SRB 2
DCCH
Low Priority
NAS Signaling
Page50
Traffic Logical Channels
Page51
LTE Release 8 Transport Channels

BCH
PCH
DL SCH
DL-SCH
RACH
UL-SCH
Page52
Downlink Physical Channels

PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)
PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel)
PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)
PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)
Page53
Uplink Physical Channels

PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel)
PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)
PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)
Page54
Radio Channels
Page55
Downlink Channel Mapping
Page56
Uplink Channel Mapping
Page57
Questions
What is the main control signaling protocol between the UE
and the MME?
a. RRC.
b. RLC.
c. S1AP
d. NAS.
Page58
Questions
True / False. The eNB is able to decode the NAS messages.
Page59
Questions
Which protocol on the air interface is responsible for User
Plane ciphering/encryption?
a. RRC.
b. PDCP.
c. RLC.
d. MAC.
Page60
Questions
Which protocol is used to carry S1AP and X2AP signaling?
a. GTPv1-U.
b. PDCP.
c. GTPv2-C.
d. TCP.
e. SCTP.
Page61
Questions
What control protocol is used between the MME and the SGW?
a. GTPv1-U.
b. PDCP.
c. GTPv2-C.
d. TCP.
e. SCTP.
Page62
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
2. EPS Protocols
8. Mobility in LTE
Page63
Contents
3.1 EPS Bearer Services and E-UTRA Radio Bearers
3.2 E-UTRA Radio Bearers
Page64
Contents
Page65
QoS in Packet Switched Networks
Page66
LTE Bearers
GTP Based Transport

(PMIP is different)
Page67
Service Data Flows
SDF (Service
Data Flow)
Page68
Default and Dedicated EPS

Bearers
Page69
EPS QoS Parameters

GBR QoS Information
AMBR (Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate)
QoS Class Indicator
ARP (Allocation and Retention Priority)
Page70
GBR QoS Information

E-RAB Maximum Downlink Bit Rate.
E-RAB Maximum Uplink Bit Rate.
E-RAB Guaranteed Downlink Bit Rate.
E-RAB Guaranteed Uplink Bit Rate.
Page71
Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate

UE AMBR (User Equipment Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate)
APN AMBR (Access Point Name Aggregate Maximum Bit
Rate)
Page72
QoS Class Indicator

QCI
Type
Priority
Packet
Delay
Budget (ms)
Packet
Error Rate
Example Service
GBR
100
10-2
Conversational Voice
GBR
150
10-3
Conversational Video
GBR
50
10-3
Real Time Gaming
GBR
300
10-6
Non-Conversational Voice
Non-GBR
100
10-6
IMS Signaling
Non-GBR
300
10-6
Video, TCP Based
Non-GBR
100
10-3
Voice, Video, Interactive

Gaming
Non-GBR
300
10-6
Video, TCP Based
Non-GBR
300
10-6
Video, TCP Based
Page73
Allocation and Retention Priority

Priority Level (0 to 15)
Pre-emption Capability
Pre-emption Vulnerability
Page74
Contents
Page75
Signaling Radio Bearers

SRB0
SRB1
SRB2
Page76
Data Radio Bearers
EPS Bearer
Identity 0 to 15
Page77
Radio Bearer QoS

E-RAB ID
E-RAB Level QoS Parameters
Transport Layer Address
GTP-TEID
NAS-PDU
Uu
S1-U
S5/S8
SRB 1
SRB 2
DRB 1
Default EPS Bearer (EPS Bearer Identity = 5)
Page78
SGi
E-UTRA Configuration
Page79
E-UTRA Configuration Cont.

Various parameters can influence the performance, these include:
PDCP Compression.
RLC AM or UM.
RLC AM Polling Configuration.
Uplink MAC Priority.
Uplink MAC Prioritized Bit Rate.
Uplink MAC Bucket Size Duration.
HARQ Configuration and re-transmissions.
BSR (Buffer Status Report) Configuration.
SPS (Semi Persistent Scheduling) Configuration.
Physical Channel and Power Configuration.
Page80
Questions
The EPS Bearer typically is identified between the UE and
which other entity?
a. eNB.
b. MME.
c.
S-GW.
d. PDN-GW.
Page81
Questions
What is used in the PDN-GW and the UE to map IP
datagrams to the correct EPS bearer?
Page82
Questions
How many EPS bearers can a UE have?
a. 5.
b. 6.
c.
7.
d. 8.
e. 9.
Page83
Questions
Which QCI value is linked to IMS signaling?
Page84
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
2. EPS Protocols
8. Mobility in LTE
Page85
Contents
4.1 The RRC Layer
4.2 RRC Structure
4.3 RRC States
4.4 RRC Services
Page86
Contents
4.1 The RRC Layer
4.2 RRC Structure
4.3 RRC States
4.4 RRC Services
Page87
RRC Interaction with Lower Layers
RRC
Control
Page88
Services Provided To Upper

Layers
The RRC protocol offers the following services to upper layers:
Broadcast of common control information.
Notification of UEs in RRC Idle mode.
Transfer of dedicated control information.
Page89
Services Expected From Lower

Layers
The main services that RRC expects from lower layers
include:
PDCP - integrity protection and ciphering.
RLC - a reliable and in-sequence transfer of information,
without introducing duplicates and with support for
segmentation and concatenation.
Page90
Contents
4.1 The RRC Layer
4.2 RRC Structure
4.3 RRC States
4.4 RRC Services
Page91
eNB Structure
Relay EMM and
ESM Signaling
Relay IP Datagrams
EPS
Bearers
PDCP
RLC
MAC
Physical
Page92
Contents
4.1 The RRC Layer
4.2 RRC Structure
4.3 RRC States
4.4 RRC Services
Page93
RRC States
Page94
Functions
Broadcast of SI (System Information):
Including NAS common information.
Information applicable for UEs in RRC Idle mode.
Including ETWS (Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System) notification.
Page95
Functions Cont.
RRC Connection control:
Paging.
Establishment/modification/release of RRC connection.
Initial security activation.
RRC connection mobility
Establishment/modification/release of RBs
Radio configuration control
QoS control
Recovery from Radio Link failure.
Page96
Functions Cont.
Inter-RAT mobility including e.g. security activation, transfer of RRC
context information.
Measurement configuration and reporting:
Establishment/modification/release of measurements.
Setup and release of measurement gaps.
Measurement reporting.
Other functions including e.g. transfer of dedicated NAS information and

non-3GPP dedicated information, transfer of UE radio access capability
information, support for E-UTRAN sharing (multiple PLMN identities).
Generic protocol error handling.
Support of self-configuration and self-optimization.
Page97
E-UTRA RRC State Interaction

E-UTRA
RRC Connected
Connection
Establishment/
Release
E-UTRA
RRC Idle
Page98
Mobility Procedures between

E-UTRA and CDMA2000
1xRTT CS Active
Handover
E-UTRA
RRC Connected
Handover
HRPD Active
Connection
Establishment/
Release
1xRTT Dormant
Reselection
E-UTRA
RRC Idle
Reselection
Page99
HRPD Idle
Contents
4.1 The RRC Layer
4.2 RRC Structure
4.3 RRC States
4.4 RRC Services
Page100
MIB and SIB1 Parameters
Bandwidth
PHICH
SFN
Page101
LTE SIBs
SIB2
Access Class Information
Radio Resource Configuration Common
UE-Timers And Constants
Uplink Frequency Information
MBSFN Configuration Information
Time Alignment Timer Common
SIB3
Cell Reselection Information
Q-Hyst
Speed State Reselection Parameters
Cell Reselection Serving Freq Info
S-Non-Intra Search Info
Threshold Serving Low Value
Cell Reselection Priority
Intra Freq Cell Reselection Info
q-RxLevMin
p-Max
s-IntraSearch
Allowed Measurement Bandwidth
Presence Antenna Port 1
Neighbor Cell Config
t-ReselectionEUTRA
t-ReselectionEUTRA-SF
SIB5
Inter Frequency Carrier Freq List
Inter Frequency Carrier Freq Info
Inter Frequency Neighbour Cell List
Inter Frequency Neighbour Cell Info
Inter Frequency Black Cell List
SIB6
Carrier Frequency List UTRA (FDD/TDD)
t-Reselection UTRA
SIB7
t-Reselection GERAN
Carrier Frequency Info List
SIB8
CDMA2000 Reselection Information
SIB9
Home eNB Name
SIB10
ETWS Primary Notification
SIB11
ETWS Secondary Notification
SIB4
Intra Freq Neighbour Cell List
Physical Cell ID
q-OffsetCell
Intra Freq Black Cell List
CSG Physical Cell Id Range
Page102
RRC Paging
Paging Record List
- UE Identity (S-TMSI or IMSI)
- CN Domain
System Info Modification
ETWS Indication
Page103
RRC Connection
Page104
RRC Connection Reject

On reception of a RRC Connection Reject:
Stop timer T300 (Stops on reception of RRC Connection Setup or RRC
Connection Reject message).
Reset MAC and release the MAC configuration.
Start timer T302, with the timer value set to the Wait Time.
Inform upper layers about the failure to establish the RRC connection and that
access barring for mobile originating calls, mobile originating signalling and
mobile terminating access is applicable, upon which the procedure ends;UE
utilizes the T302 timer.
Page105
Initial Security Activation
Security Mode Complete
Page106
RRC Connection Reconfiguration

Request
Complete
RRC Connection Re-establishment
Measurement Configuration
Mobility Control Information
Dedicated Info NAS
Radio Resource Config Dedicated
- srb-ToAddModList
- drb-ToAddModList
- drb-ToReleaseList
- MAC Main Config
- SPS Config
- Physical Config Dedicated
Security Configuration HO
Page107
Counter Check
Page108

The UE initiates the procedure when AS security has been
activated and one of the following conditions is met:
Upon detecting RLF (Radio Link Failure).
Upon handover failure.
Upon mobility from E-UTRA failure.
Upon integrity check failure indication from lower layers.
Upon an RRC Connection Reconfiguration failure.
Page109
Page110

Cause Values
The RRC Connection Reestablishment Request message
includes a cause value:
Reconfiguration Failure.
Handover Failure.
Other Failure.
Page111
RRC Connetion Release
Page112
Information Transfer
Page113
Intra-frequency measurements: measurements at the
downlink carrier frequency of the serving cell.
Inter-frequency measurements: measurements at
frequencies that differ from the downlink carrier frequency of
the serving cell.
Inter-RAT measurements of UTRA frequencies.
Inter-RAT measurements of GERAN frequencies.
Inter-RAT measurements of CDMA2000 HRPD or
CDMA2000 1xRTT frequencies.
Page114

Request
Complete
- measObjectToRemoveList
- measObjectToAddModList
- reportConfigToRemoveList
- reportConfigToAddModList
- measIdToRemoveList
- measIdToAddModList
- quantityConfig
- measGapConfig
- s-Measure
Page115
Measurement Objects

Request
Complete
- measObjectToAddModList
-- measObjectId
-- measObject measObjectEUTRA
--- carrierFreq
--- allowedMeasBandwidth
--- presenceAntennaPort1
--- neighCellConfig
--- offsetFreq
--- cellsToAddModList
---- cellIndex
---- physCellId
---- cellIndividualOffset
Page116
Report Configuration

Request
Complete
- reportConfigToAddModList
-- reportConfigId
-- reportConfig reportConfigEUTRA
--- triggerType event
---- eventId e.g. eventA1
1
----- a1-Threshold threshold-RSRP
---- hysteresis
---- timeToTrigger
--- triggerQuantity (RSRP)
--- reportQuantity
--- maxReportCells
--- reportInterval
--- reportAmount
Page117
Periodical Reporting
Periodical
Reporting
Report Interval (ms120, ms240, ms480, ms640,

ms1024, ms2048, ms5120, ms10240,
min1, min6, min12, min30, min60)
Page118
Measurement Based Triggering

Events
Event A1 - serving cell becomes better than the threshold.
Event A2 - serving cell becomes worse than the threshold.
Event A3 - neighbor cell becomes (including offset) better than the
serving cell.
Event A4 - neighbor cell becomes better than the threshold.
Event A5 - serving cell becomes worse than Thresh1 (Threshold1) and
the neighbor cell becomes better than Thresh2 (Threshold2).
Event B1 - Inter RAT neighbor cell becomes better than threshold.
Event B2 - serving cell becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT
neighbor cell becomes better than threshold2.
Page119
Event Based Trigger (Event A3)
Page120
Event A3 Example
Page121
Event A3 TTT Timer

Entering condition:
Mn+ Ofn + Ocn Hys > Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off
Leaving condition:
Mn+ Ofn + Ocn+ Hys < Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off
Page122
Cell Selection
Qrxlevmeas
Qrxlevmeas
Qrxlevmeas
Page123
Cell Reselection
Intra-frequency Measurements
If Squal > Sintrasearch - the UE may choose not to perform
intra-frequency measurements.
If Squal <= Sintrasearch - the UE performs intra-frequency
measurements.
If Sintrasearch is not sent for the serving cell then the UE
performs intra-frequency measurements.
Inter-frequency or Inter-RAT Measurements
Page124
Cell Reselection
High and Medium Mobility State
Medium-mobility state criteria - this is met if the number of
cell reselections during time period TCRmax exceeds NCR_M
and does not exceed NCR_H.
High-mobility state criteria - this is met if the number of cell
reselections during time period TCRmax exceeds NCR_H.
Ranking of Cells
Page125
Questions
What are the two main RRC states?
Page126
Questions
True/False. LTE uses substates like Cell_PCH and
Cell_FACH?
Page127
Questions
Which message is used to trigger LTE intra system
handovers?
a. System Information.
b. RRC Connection Setup.
c.
RRC Connection Reconfiguration.
d. Measurement Control.
Page128
Questions
Which event indicates that a neighboring cell is better than a
serving cell by an offset?
a. Event A1.
b. Event A2.
c.
Event A3.
d. Event A4.
Page129
Questions
Which message is used to configure measurement reporting
and criteria?
a. System Information.
b. RRC Connection Setup.
c.
RRC Connection Reconfiguration.
d. Measurement Control.
Page130
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
2. EPS Protocols
8. Mobility in LTE
Page131
Contents
5.1 PDCP Operation
Page132
PDCP Functions
Page133
PDCP Header Compression

Profiles
Profile Identifier
Usage:
Reference
0x0000
No compression
RFC 4995
0x0001
RTP/UDP/IP
RFC 4815
0x0002
UDP/IP RFC
RFC 3095, RFC 4815
0x0003
ESP/IP RFC
RFC 3095, RFC 4815
0x0004
IP
RFC 3843, RFC 4815
0x0006
TCP/IP
RFC 4996
0x0101
RTP/UDP/IP
RFC 5225
0x0102
UDP/IP
RFC 5225
0x0103
ESP/IP
RFC 5225
0x0104
IP
RFC 5225
Page134
Control Plane PDCP Data PDU for

SRB
Page135
Data Plane PDCP Data PDU for

DRB (Long PDCP SN)
Page136
Data Plane PDCP Data PDU for

DRB (Short PDCP SN)
Page137
PDCP Control PDU - Status Report
000
Page138
PDCP Control PDU - Feedback

Report
001
Page139
PDCP ROHC
Initialization and Refresh
First - Order
Second - Order
Page140
PDCP ROHC
PDCP
Header
VoIP
PDCP
Header
RTP UDP IPv4
First Order
ROHC
Feedback
VoIP
Compressed
Page141
PDCP Integrity
Count
Direction
Message
Bearer
Key
EIA
Count
Direction
Message
Bearer
Key
MAC-I
EIA
XMAC-I
Page142
Count Value
Page143
PDCP Ciphering
Page144
Questions
True / False. PDCP is involved in NAS Ciphering.
Page145
Questions
What size PDCP Sequence Number supports UM and AM
RLC Modes?
a. 5bits.
b. 7bits.
c.
12bits.
d. 14bits.
Page146
Questions
True / False. EEA0, EEA1 and EEA2 encrypt information in
the air interface?
Page147
Questions
What term is used to identify IP header compression in LTE?
Page148
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
2. EPS Protocols
8. Mobility in LTE
Page149
Contents
6.1 RLC Functions
6.2 RLC Modes and Formatting
6.3 MAC Functions
6.4 MAC Architecture
6.5 MAC Formatting
Page150
Contents
6.1 RLC Functions
6.3 MAC Functions
6.5 MAC Formatting
Page151
Services Provided to Upper Layers
Page152
Services Expected from Lower

Layers
Data transfer.
Notification of a transmission opportunity, together with the
total size of the RLC PDU (Protocol Data Units) to be
transmitted in the transmission opportunity.
Page153
Functions of the RLC Sublayer

Transfer of upper layer PDUs.
Error correction through ARQ.
Concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDU (Service Data
Units).
Re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs.
Reordering of RLC data PDUs.
Duplicate detection.
RLC SDU discard.
RLC re-establishment.
Protocol error detection.
Page154
Contents
6.1 RLC Functions
6.3 MAC Functions
6.5 MAC Formatting
Page155
Transparent Mode RLC
Page156
Unacknowledged Mode RLC
Page157
Acknowledged Mode Functions

Segmentation and reassembly.
Concatenation.
Error correction.
In-sequence delivery of higher layer data.
Duplicate detection.
Page158
Acknowledged Mode RLC
Page159
RLC PDU Formats
Data Transfer Mode
PDU Name
Transparent
TMD
Unacknowledged
UMD
Acknowledged
AMD
AMD Segment
Status
Page160
RLC UMD 5bit SN
5bit SN
Page161
RLC UMD 10bit SN
10bit SN
Page162
FI Field Interpretation
Value
Description
00
First byte of the Data field corresponds to the first byte of a RLC SDU.
Last byte of the Data field corresponds to the last byte of a RLC SDU.
01
First byte of the Data field corresponds to the first byte of a RLC SDU.
Last byte of the Data field does not correspond to the last byte of a RLC SDU.
10
First byte of the Data field does not correspond to the first byte of a RLC SDU.
Last byte of the Data field corresponds to the last byte of a RLC SDU.
11
First byte of the Data field does not correspond to the first byte of a RLC SDU.
Last byte of the Data field does not correspond to the last byte of a RLC SDU.
Page163
RLC UMD with 2 Length Indicators
Page164
AMD PDU
Page165
RLC AMD with Odd Number of

Length Indicators
Page166
RLC AMD PDU Segment
Page167
AMD Segmentation
Page168
RLC Status PDU
D/C
CPT
ACK_SN
ACK_SN
E1
NACK_SN
E1
E2
NACK_SN
NACK_SN
E1
E2
SOstart
SOstart
SOend
SOend
SOend
Padding
...
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Page169
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
RLC Timers
t-PollRetransmit
t-Reordering
t-StatusProhibit
Page170
Configurable Parameters
maxRetxThreshold
pollPDU
pollByte
sn-FieldLength
Page171
Contents
6.1 RLC Functions
6.3 MAC Functions
6.5 MAC Formatting
Page172
MAC Services
Mapping
Multiplexing
HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request)
Radio Resource Allocation
Formatting
Page173
Services Expected from the

Physical Layer
Data transfer services.
Signaling of HARQ feedback.
Signaling of Scheduling Request.
Measurements, e.g. CQI (Channel Quality Indication).
Page174
Contents
6.1 RLC Functions
6.3 MAC Functions
6.5 MAC Formatting
Page175
MAC Architecture
PCCH
BCCH
CCCH
DCCH
DTCH
MAC Control
Logical Channel Prioritization (UL

Only)
(De-) Multiplexing
Random
Access
Control
HARQ
PCH BCH
DL-SCH
Control
UL-SCH
RACH
Page176
Contents
6.1 RLC Functions
6.3 MAC Functions
6.5 MAC Formatting
Page177
MAC PDU for DL-SCH and ULSCH

Logical Channel
Identity
"1" to indicate another

set of R/R/E/LCID
R
F
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
1
2
3
4
N
LCID
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
1
2
3
4
N
Format Bit
0=7bits
Data
R
F
Format Bit
1=15bits
LCID
E
L
L
Data
Page178
LCID Coding for DL-SCH

LCID Index
Description
00000
CCCH
00001-01010
Identity of the logical channel
01011-11011
Reserved
11100
UE Contention Resolution Identity
11101
Timing Advance Command
11110
DRX Command
11111
Padding
Page179
LCID Coding for UL-SCH

LCID Index
Description
00000
CCCH
00001-01010
Identity of the logical channel
01011-11001
Reserved
11010
Power Headroom Report
11011
C-RNTI
11100
Truncated BSR
11101
Short BSR
11110
Long BSR
11111
Padding
Page180
MAC Subheaders
Page181
Timing Advance Parameter
Page182
Buffer Status Report

Short BSR and Truncated BSR format
Long BSR format
Page183
Power Control Headroom
Page184
Power Headroom Report Mapping

PH
Reported value
Measured Quantity Value (dB)
POWER_HEADROOM_0
-23 PH < -22
POWER_HEADROOM_1
-22 PH < -21
POWER_HEADROOM_2
-21 PH < -20
POWER_HEADROOM_3
-20 PH < -19
62
POWER_HEADROOM_62
39 PH < 40
63
POWER_HEADROOM_63
PH 40
Page185
Random Access Process
RACH
PRACH Preamble Sequence

MAC Scheduling Grant
UL-SCH
RRC Connection Request

RRC Connection Setup
UL-SCH
DL-SCH
RRC Connection Setup Complete

Signalling Radio Bearer
(RRC Connected)
Page186
Random Access Response
Page187
Uplink Grant
Parameter
Size
(bits)
Description
Hopping Flag
Indicates whether the allocation should be using uplink hopping.
Fixed Size Resource Block Assignment
10
The assigned uplink resources.
Truncated Modulation and Coding Scheme
Indication of modulation and coding scheme to use.
TPC Command for Scheduled PUSCH
Initial power control feedback, e.g. -4dB.
UL Delay
Indicates whether uplink assignment is delayed until the next

subframe, e.g. K+4+1.
CQI Request
Indicates whether the UE has been requested to multiplex the

CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) into the scheduled PUSCH
transmission.
Page188
Backoff Indicator
E
Sub Header A
Sub Header B
Sub Header n
MAC RAR B
BI
RAPID or BI
Backoff Indicator
0 - 960ms
MAC RAR n
Page189
Oct 1
Questions
True / False. RLC is able to provide an ARQ mechanism?
Page190
Questions
What two sizes of RLC sequence number are used for RLC
UM?
a. 5bits.
b. 7bits.
c.
10bits.
d. 12bits.
Page191
Questions
True / False. The AMD PDU segment is also available in
Release 8 HSPA+ systems?
Page192
Questions
Which parameter is used by MAC for logical channel
mapping?
Page193
Questions
How many LCID values are available for EPS bearers?
a. 4.
b. 8.
c.
10.
d. 12.
Page194
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
2. EPS Protocols
8. Mobility in LTE
Page195
Contents
7.1 X2AP Functions and Procedures
7.2 S1AP Functions and Procedures
7.3 User Plane GTP Functions and Procedures
Page196
Contents
Page197
X2AP Functions and Procedures
Page198
Mapping between X2AP Functions

and X2AP EPs
Function
Elementary Procedure(s)
Mobility Management
a) Handover Preparation.
b) SN Status Transfer.
c) UE Context Release.
d) Handover Cancel.
Load Management
a) Load Indication.
b) Resource Status Reporting Initiation.
c) Resource Status Reporting.
Reporting of General Error Situations
Error Indication.
Resetting the X2
Reset.
Setting up the X2
X2 Setup.
eNB Configuration Update
eNB Configuration Update.
Page199
X2 Elementary Procedures (Class

1)
Elementary Procedure
Initiating
Message
Successful Outcome
Unsuccessful Outcome
Response message
Response message
HANDOVER PREPARATION
FAILURE
Handover Preparation
HANDOVER
REQUEST
HANDOVER REQUEST
ACKNOWLEDGE
Reset
RESET REQUEST
RESET RESPONSE
X2 Setup
X2 SETUP
REQUEST
X2 SETUP RESPONSE
X2 SETUP FAILURE
ENB
CONFIGURATIO
N UPDATE
ENB CONFIGURATION UPDATE

ACKNOWLEDGE

FAILURE
Resource Status Reporting

Initiation
RESOURCE
STATUS
REQUEST
RESOURCE STATUS RESPONSE
RESOURCE STATUS FAILURE
Page200
X2 Elementary Procedures (Class

2)
Initiating Message
Load Indication
LOAD INFORMATION
Handover Cancel
HANDOVER CANCEL
SN Status Transfer
SN STATUS TRANSFER
UE Context Release
UE CONTEXT RELEASE
Resource Status Reporting
RESOURCE STATUS UPDATE
Error Indication
ERROR INDICATION
Page201
Message Formatting
Presence
Range
Criticality
Page202
Basic Mobility Procedures Handover Preparation
Source
Target
Handover Request
Handover Request Acknowledge
Page203
X2 Handover Preparation Failure
Page204
X2 SN Status Transfer
Old eNB UE X2AP ID
New eNB UE X2AP ID
E-RABs Subject To Status Transfer List
- E-RAB ID
- Receive Status Of UL PDCP SDUs (O)
- UL COUNT Value
- DL COUNT Value
Source
Target
SN Status Transfer
Page205
X2 UE Context Release
Page206
X2 Handover Cancel
Page207
X2 Load Indication
Page208
X2 Uplink Interference
Page209
Downlink RNTP
Page210
X2 Resource Status Request
Page211
X2 Resource Status Update
Resource Status Update
eNB1 Measurement ID
eNB2 Measurement ID
Cell Measurement Result
- ECGI
- Hardware Load Indicator
- S1 TNL Load Indicator
- Radio Resource Status
Page212
X2 Setup Request
Page213

Served Cells To Add
Served Cells To Modify
Served Cells To Delete
GU Group Id To Add List
GU Group Id To Delete List
Page214
Contents
Page215
S1 Control and User Plane
Page216
S1AP Elementary Procedures (Class

1)
Initiating Message
Successful Outcome
Response message
Response message
Handover Preparation
HANDOVER REQUIRED
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER PREPARATION FAILURE
Handover Resource Allocation
HANDOVER REQUEST
HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE
HANDOVER FAILURE
Path Switch Request
PATH SWITCH REQUEST
PATH SWITCH REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE
PATH SWITCH REQUEST FAILURE
Handover Cancellation
HANDOVER CANCEL
HANDOVER CANCEL ACKNOWLEDGE
E-RAB Setup
E-RAB SETUP REQUEST
E-RAB SETUP RESPONSE
E-RAB Modify
E-RAB MODIFY REQUEST
E-RAB MODIFY RESPONSE
E-RAB Release
E-RAB RELEASE COMMAND
E-RAB RELEASE RESPONSE
Initial Context Setup
INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST
INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE
Reset
RESET
RESET ACKNOWLEDGE
S1 Setup
S1 SETUP REQUEST
S1 SETUP RESPONSE
UE Context Release
UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND
UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE
UE Context Modification
UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION REQUEST
UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION RESPONSE
UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION FAILURE
ENB CONFIGURATION UPDATE ACKNOWLEDGE
ENB CONFIGURATION UPDATE FAILURE
MME Configuration Update
MME CONFIGURATION UPDATE
MME CONFIGURATION UPDATE ACKNOWLEDGE
MME CONFIGURATION UPDATE FAILURE
Write-Replace Warning
WRITE-REPLACE WARNING REQUEST
WRITE-REPLACE WARNING RESPONSE
Unsuccessful Outcome
INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP FAILURE
S1 SETUP FAILURE
Page217
S1AP Elementary Procedures (Class

2)
Handover Notification
E-RAB Release Indication
Paging
Initial UE Message
Downlink NAS Transport
Uplink NAS Transport
NAS non delivery indication
Error Indication
UE Context Release Request
DownlinkS1 CDMA2000 Tunneling
Message
HANDOVER NOTIFY
E-RAB RELEASE INDICATION
PAGING
INITIAL UE MESSAGE
DOWNLINK NAS TRANSPORT
UPLINK NAS TRANSPORT
NAS NON DELIVERY INDICATION
ERROR INDICATION
UE CONTEXT RELEASE REQUEST
DOWNLINK S1 CDMA2000 TUNNELING
Uplink S1 CDMA2000 Tunneling

UE Capability Info Indication
eNB Status Transfer
MME Status Transfer
Deactivate Trace
Trace Start
Trace Failure Indication
Location Reporting Control
Location Reporting Failure Indication
UPLINK S1 CDMA2000 TUNNELING

UE CAPABILITY INFO INDICATION
eNB STATUS TRANSFER
MME STATUS TRANSFER
DEACTIVATE TRACE
TRACE START
TRACE FAILURE INDICATION
LOCATION REPORTING CONTROL
LOCATION REPORTING FAILURE INDICATION
Location Report
Overload Start
Overload Stop
eNB Direct Information Transfer
MME Direct Information Transfer
eNB Configuration Transfer
MME Configuration Transfer
Cell Traffic Trace
LOCATION REPORT
OVERLOAD START
OVERLOAD STOP
eNB DIRECT INFORMATION TRANSFER
MME DIRECT INFORMATION TRANSFER
eNB CONFIGURATION TRANSFER
MME CONFIGURATION TRANSFER
CELL TRAFFIC TRACE
Page218
S1 Setup Request
Global eNB ID
eNB Name (O)
Supported TAs
- TAC
Broadcast PLMNs
- PLMN Identity
CSG Id List (O)
- CSG Id
Default Paging DRX
Page219
S1 Setup Response
MME Name (O)

Served GUMMEIs
- Served PLMNs
-- PLMN Identity
- Served GroupIDs
-- MME Group ID
- Served MMECs
-- MME Code
Relative MME Capacity
Criticality Diagnostics (O)
Page220
S1 Initial UE Message
Page221
Downlink and Uplink NAS Transport
Page222
S1 Initial Context Setup Request

MME UE S1AP ID
eNB UE S1AP ID
UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate
E-RAB to Be Setup List
- E-RAB ID
- E-RAB Level QoS Parameters
- Transport Layer Address
- GTP-TEID
- NAS-PDU (O)
UE Security Capabilities
Security Key
Trace Activation (O)
Handover Restriction List (O)
UE Radio Capability (O)
Subscriber Profile ID for RAT/Frequency Priority (O)
CS Fallback Indicator (O)
SRVCC Operation Possible (O)
Initial Context Setup Request
Create
Session
(GTPv2-C)
Initial Context Setup Response

E-RAB ID = 5
S-GW Address
and TEID
Page223
S1 Initial Context Setup Response

MME UE S1AP ID
eNB UE S1AP ID
E-RAB Setup List
- E-RAB ID
- GTP-TEID
E RAB Failed to Setup List (O)
E-RAB
Initial Context Setup Request
Modify
Bearer
Initial Context Setup Response

eNB Address and
TEID
E-RAB ID = 5
S-GW Address
and TEID
Page224
S1 E-RAB Setup Request
Page225
S1 E-RAB Setup Response
Page226
E-RAB Release Indication
Page227
Requirement for S1 Handover

Procedure
S11
S11
S1
S1-MME
S1 U
S1-U
S1 MME
S1-MME
S1-U
S1-U
S1-U
Page228
S1 Handover Required
Page229
S1 Handover Command
Source
Handover Command
MME UE S1AP ID
eNB UE S1AP ID
Handover Type
NAS Security Parameters from E-UTRAN (C)if to UTRAN GERAN
E-RABs Subject to Forwarding List (O)
- E-RAB ID
- DL Transport Layer Address (O)
- DL GTP-TEID (O)
- UL Transport Layer Address (O)
- UL GTP-TEID (O)
E-RABs to Release List (O)
Target to Source Transparent Container
Target to Source Transparent Container Secondary (O)
Page230
S1 Handover Request
Page231
S1 Handover Request
Acknowledge
Target
MME UE S1AP ID
eNB UE S1AP ID
E-RABs Admitted List
- E-RAB ID
- GTP-TEID
- DL Transport Layer Address (O)
- DL GTP-TEID (O)
- UL Transport Layer Address (O)
- UL GTP-TEID (O)
E-RABs Failed to Setup List (O)
Target to Source Transparent Container
Handover Request
Handover Request Acknowledge
Page232
S1 Handover Notify
Page233
S1 Path Switch Request
Page234
S1 Path Switch Acknowledge

Target
Source
Forwarding
Path Switch Request Acknowledge
MME UE S1AP ID
eNB UE S1AP ID
UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (O)
E-RAB To Be Switched in Uplink List (O)
- E-RAB ID
- GTP-TEID
E-RAB To Be Released List (O)
Security Context
Page235
Handover Cancel
Page236
S1 UE Context Release
Page237
S1 UE Context Release Request
MME UE S1AP ID
eNB UE S1AP ID
Cause
UE Context Release Request
Page238
S1 Reset
Cause
Reset Type
- S1 Interface
-- Reset All
- Part of S1 Interface
-- UE-Associated Logical S1 Connection List
Reset
Reset Acknowledge
Page239
S1 Trace Start
MME UE S1AP ID
eNB UE S1AP ID
Trace Activation
- E-UTRAN Trace ID
- Interfaces To Trace
- Trace depth
- Trace Collection Entity IP Address
Trace Start
Page240
Location Reporting Control
Page241
Overload Start
Page242
Paging
UE Identity Index Value
UE Paging Identity
Paging DRX (O)
CN Domain
List of TAIs
- TAI
CSG Id List (O)
- CSG Id
Paging
Page243
Contents
Page244
GTP Tunnels
Page245
GTPv1-U Header
Page246
Extension Header
Page247
GTPv1-U Procedures
Message Type Value
Message
Echo Request
Echo Response
3-25
Reserved
26
Error Indication
27-30
Reserved
31
Supported Extension Headers Notification
32-253
Reserved
254
End Marker
255
G-PDU
Page248
GTPv1 Echo Procedure
Private Extension (O)

Echo Request
Echo Response
60s
Recovery
Private Extension (O)
Echo Request
Echo Response
Page249
Supported Extension Headers

Notification
Including Extension Header

G-PDU
Supported Extension Headers Notification
Extension not
supported
Page250
GTPv1 End Marker
Page251
Questions
True / False. LTE can work without an X2 interface?
Page252
Questions
What is the name of the protocol which is used to reliably
transport X2AP and S1AP signaling?
Page253
Questions
How are S1AP messages for a UE correlated?
Page254
Questions
After a mobile establishes an RRC connection, what is the
first message send from the eNB across the S1-MME
interface?
Page255
Questions
What message is used by a target eNB to inform the MME
of a successful X2 handover?
Page256
Questions
What version of GTP is used in the E-UTRAN?
a. GTPv1-C.
b. GTPv1-U.
c.
GTPv2-C.
d. GTPv2-U.
Page257
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
2. EPS Protocols
8. Mobility in LTE
Page258
Contents
8. Mobility in LTE
8.1 X2 Handover
8.2 S1 Handover
8.3 Inter RAT Handover
Page259
Contents
8. Mobility in LTE
8.1 X2 Handover
8.2 S1 Handover
Page260
Handover Phases
Page261
X2 Based Handover with Lossless

PDCP
Source
Target
Page262
X2 Based Handover with Lossless

PDCP
Source
Random Access Response
Target

Complete
PDCP Status Report
Path Switch
Request
PDCP Status Report

UE Context
Release
Path Switch
Request Ack
End Marker
(GTP-U Message)
Modify Bearer
Request
Modify Bearer
Response
End Marker
(GTP-U Message)
Page263
Mobility Control Information
Page264
X2AP SN Status Transfer
Page265
Contents
8. Mobility in LTE
8.1 X2 Handover
8.2 S1 Handover
Page266
Inter MME and S-GW Handover

Preparation Phase
Handover Required
Forward
Relocation Request
Handover Request
Handover Request Ack
Create
Session
Request
Create
Session
Response
Page267

Preparation Phase
Forward Relocation
Response
Create Indirect Data

Forwarding Tunnel
Request
Create Indirect
Data Forwarding
Tunnel Response
Create Indirect Data

Forwarding Tunnel
Request
Create Indirect
Data Forwarding
Tunnel Response
Page268

Execution Phase
Page269

Execution Phase
Page270
Tracking Area Update and Clearing

Resources
Tracking Area Update Procedure

UE Context Release
Command
UE Context Release
Complete
Delete
Session
Request
Delete
Session
Response
Delete Indirect Data

Forwarding Tunnel Request
Forwarding Tunnel Response

Forwarding Tunnel
Request
Forwarding Tunnel
Response
Page271
Contents
8. Mobility in LTE
8.1 X2 Handover
8.2 S1 Handover
Page272
E-UTRAN to UTRAN Handover
Page273
E-UTRAN to UTRAN Handover

(cont.)
Page274
Questions
True / False. LTE is able to be configured to perform
Lossless Intra-LTE handovers?
Page275
Questions
What is the name given to the last GTP-U message sent
from S-GW to the source (old) eNB after completion?
Page276
Questions
True / False. It is possible to handover from one eNB to
another even if the X2 interface is not present.
Page277
Questions
Which entity makes the decision for handovers?
a. MME.
b. S-GW.
c.
UE.
d. eNB.
Page278
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LTE Protocols and

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Mobility Management Entity

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Packet Data Network - Gateway

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EPC Architecture and Interfaces

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Additional Network Elements and

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LTE Control Plane

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LTE User Plane

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NAS EMM and ESM Procedures

Default EPS Bearer Context Activation

Dedicated EPS Bearer Context Activation

Tracking Area Update

EPS Bearer Context Modification

EPS Bearer Context Deactivation

Extended Service Request

UE Requested PDN Connectivity

UE Requested PDN Disconnect

UE Requested Bearer Resource Allocation

UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification

Security Mode Control

ESM Information Request

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Radio Resource Control

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Packet Data Convergence Protocol

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Radio Link Control