AIEEE Class XI Maths Limits & Derivatives

M AT H E M AT I C S
S T U D Y M A T E R I A L

LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES

AIEEE

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C O N T E N T S
CONTENTS
LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES

Theory
Solved Examples
Exercises
Level I
Level II
Level III
Questions asked in AIEEE and other Engineering Exams
Answers
NARAYANA
Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives
INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES
LIMITS AND DERIV

ATIVES
DERIVATIVES
AIEEE Syllabus
Limits, Differentiation of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions,
differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and
implicit functions, derivatives of order up to two.
CONTENTS
Definition of a limit
Trigonometric limits
Exponential and logarithmic limits
Approximations
Some useful expansions
Indeterminate forms
Limit of greatest integer function
Sandwich Theorem
Derivative of a function
Some differentiation formulae
Algebra of differentiation
Differentiation of implicit functions
Derivative of parametric functions
Derivative of a function w.r.t. another function
Use of log in finding derivatives of the function of
type (f(x))g(x)
Differentiation using trigonometrical substitutions
Higher order differentiation
Derivative of infinite series
Differentiation of a determinant function
INTRODUCTION
This chapter is an introduction to
calculus. Calculus is that branch of
mathematics which mainly deals with
the study of change in the value of a
function as the points in the domain
change. In this chapter we define limit
and some algebra of limits. Also we
study derivative and algebra of
derivatives and derivatives of certain
standard functions.
1
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1.
DEFINITION
If y = f(x) is any function which is defined in a neighbourhood of a then for some greater than zero
there exists a > 0 such that |f(x) l| < | x a | < then l is said to be limit of the function when
x-approches a. It is symbolically written as Lt f (x) = l
x a
2.
STANDARD FORMULA
Lt
x a
xn an
= na n 1 ; x a ; n is a rational number or integer.
xa
Remark :
3.
x m a m m mn
= a
xn an
n
Lt
x a
TRIGONOMETRIC LIMITS
4.
(i)
lim
sin x
=1
x
(ii)
lim cos x = 1
(iii)
lim
tan x
=1
x
(iv)
lim
sin 1 x
=1
x
(v)
lim
tan 1 x
=1
x
(vi)
lim
sin x o
=
x
180
x 0
x 0
x 0
x 0
x 0
x 0
EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC LIMITS

Lt
ex 1
=1
x
(ii)
(iii)
lim
a x bx
a
= log e , a, b > 0
x
b
(v)
1
Lt (1 + x)1/ x = e = Lt 1 +
x 0
x
x
(vii)
a
lim 1 + = ea
x
x
(i)
x 0
x 0
Lt
ax 1
= log e a (a > 0)
x
(iv)
lim
(1 + x) n 1
=n
x
(vi)
lim (1 + ax)1/ x = ea
x 0
x 0
x
x 0
1
(viii) lim
1 + f (x)
x
(ix)
lim (1 + f (x) )
(xi)
lim
f (x)
1/ f (x)
x a
x 0
= e , where f (x) as x
=e
(x)
lim
log x
= 0 (m > 0)
xm
log a (1 + x)
= log a e (a > 0, a 1)
x
2
NARAYANA
5.
APPROXIMATIONS
sin ax ! ax
(ii) cos ax ! 1
(iii)
tan ax ! ax
(iv) eax ! 1 + ax
(v)
eax ! 1 ax
(vi) log(1 + ax) ! ax
(vii) a ! 1 + (logea)x
x
(ix)
(xi)
6.
a2x2
2
(i)
(viii)
(x) coshax ! 1 +
tanhax ! ax
n
1 x !1
sinhax ! ax
a2x2
2
x
, |x| < 1
n
SOME USEFUL EXPANSIONS

If x 0 and there is at least one function in the given expansion which can be expanded, then we
express numerator and denominator in the ascending powers of x and remove the common factor
there, the following expansions of some standard functions should be remembered.
(a)
ex = 1 +
x x2
+
+ ......
1 2
(c)
ax =1+
(log a)x (log a)2 x 2

+
+ ......
1
2
(e)
x 2 x3
log(1 x) = x +
+ + .....
2
3
(g)
sin x = x
(i)
tan x = x
(k)
cos h x = 1 +
x2 x4
+
+ .......
2
4
(m)
sin 1 x = x +
x 3 9x 5
+
+ ......
3
5
(o)
(1 + x)n = 1 + nx +
(p)
1
x 11 2
1 + = e 1 + x + ......
x
2 24
x x 2 x3
+
+ .....
1 2
3
(b)
e x = 1
(d)
log(1 + x) = x
(f)
cos x = 1
x3 x5
+
.......
3
5
(h)
sin h x = x +
x3 x5
+
+ .......
3
5
x 3 2x 5
+
.......
3
15
(j)
tan h x = x +
x 3 2x 5
+
+ .......
3
15
(l)
cos 1 x =
(n)
tan 1 x = x
x 2 x3
+ .....
2
3
x2 x4
+
.......
2
4

x 3 9x 5
x +
+
+ ......
2
3
5
x3 x5 x7
+
+ ......
3
5
7
n(n 1) 2
x + ....... where n z +
2
3
NARAYANA
7.
INDETERMINATE FORMS
The forms which cannot be defined exactly are called indeterminate forms, they are
0
,
, 0 , , 00, 0 and 1
0
L HOSPITALS RULE
f (x)
f (x)
0
f (x)
takes the form of
or
then the limit of the function is xLt
, if xLt
a
g(x) itself
x a g(x)
g(x)
If Lt
takes the form again
till
1.
f (x)
0
,
then the limit of the function is xLt
a g (x) and the process is continued
0
0
,
is eliminated then limit is obtained.
0
If 0 form is given, convert it in the form of
0
,
by taking one term to the denominater
0
then apply LHospitals Rule.

2.
If ( ) form is given, take L.C.M convert it in the form of
or
form, then take the
0
help of LHospitals Rule.

3.
00 and 0 form is given take the help of logarithms convert the problem again in the form of
or
form and then use LHospitals Rule.
0
4.
8.
If Lt [f (x)]
g(x)
x a
takes the form of 1 then write it as Lt ( f (x) )

x a
g( x )
Lt g( x )[f ( x ) 1]
= e x a
LIMIT OF GREATEST INTEGER FUNCTION

Greatest integer function is denoted by [.]
Let a R then two cases arise.
Case (1) if a integer then we have
1.
2.
3.
Lt [x] = a
x a +
Lt [x] = a 1
x a
Lt [x] does not exist
x a
Case (2) If a integer then
Lt [x] = c
x c
4
NARAYANA
sin[x]
, [x] 0
[x]
If f (x) =
Example :
=0
[x] = 0
where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then find Lt f (x)
x 0
Lt f (0 h) = Lt f (0 + h)
Solution :
h 0
9.
h 0
Lt
h 0
sin[ h]
sin[h]
= Lt
h
0
[ h]
[h]
sin1 1
SANDWICH THEOREM
Suppose that g(x) f(x) h(x) for all x in some open
interval containing c, except possibly at c itself.
Suppose also that
y
h(x)
f(x)
g(x)
Lt g(x) = Lt h(x) = ! then Lt f (x) = !

x c
x c
x c
This is called sandwich theorem.
10.
SPECIAL TYPES OF LIMITS

1.
Use of Leibnitzs formula for evaluating the limit

Consider the integral
(x)
g(x) =
( x )
f (t) dt then
g (x) = f [ (x)] (x) f ((x)) (x)

2.
Summation of series using definite integral as the limit of a sum.

It is used in the expression of the form
1 n
n n
r =1
Lt
r
f = f (x) dx
n a
b
To Evaluate such limits we note the following

(a)
(b)
r
x (r = x , n = 1)
n
(c)
1
dx
n
(d)
Lower limit is always zero.
(e)
Upper limit is Coefficient of n in the upper limit of
is replaced by sign of integration
5
NARAYANA
DERIVATIVES
11. DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION
Let y = f(x) be a function defined on an interval [a, b]. Let for a small increment x in x, the corresponding
increment in the value of y be y. Then
y = f(x) and y + y = f(x + x)
On subtraction, we get
y = f(x + x) f(x)
or
y f (x + x) f (x)
=
x
x
Taking limit on both sides when x 0 we have,
lim
x 0
y
f (x + x) f (x)
= lim
x
0
x
x
if this limit exists, is called the derivative or differential coefficient of y with respect to x and is
written as
dy
or f (x) . Thus
dx
y
dy
f (x + x) f (x)
= lim
= lim
. This is called Differentiation from first principle.
x
0
x
0
x
x
dx
Derivative at a point:
The value of f (x) obtained by putting x = a, is called the derivative of f(x) at x = a and it is denoted
dy
dx x = a
by f (a) or
Note :
dy
d
d
( y ) in which
is
is simply a symbol of operation and not 'd' divided by dx.
dx
dx
dx
12. SOME DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAE

(i)
d
(constant) = 0
dx
(ii)
d
n
n1
(x ) = nx
dx
(iii)
d
x
x
(e ) = e
dx
(iv)
d
x
x
(a ) = a loge a
dx
(v)
d
1
(logex) =
dx
x
(vi)
1
d
(loga x) = x log a
dx
e
(vii)
d
(sin x) = cos x
dx
(viii)
d
(cos x) = sinx
dx
6
NARAYANA
(ix)
d
2
(tan x) = sec x
dx
(x)
d
2
(cot x) = cosec x
dx
(xi)
d
(sec x) = sec x tan x
dx
(xii)
d
(cosec x) = cosecx cotx
dx
(xiii)
d
1
(sin x) =
dx
(xiv)
d
1
(cos x) =
dx
(xv)
1
d
1
(tan x) =
dx
1+ x2
(xvi)
d
1
1
(cot x) =
dx
1+ x2
(xviii)
d
1
1
(cosec x) =
dx
| x | x2 1
(xvii)
1
1 x
1
d
1
(sec x) =
dx
| x | x2 1
1
1 x 2
(xix)
d
ax
ax
(e sin bx) = e (a sin bx + b cos bx) =
dx
a 2 + b 2 e sin (bx + tan
(xx)
d
ax
ax
(e cos bx) = e (a cos bx b sin bx) =
dx
a 2 + b 2 e cos (bx + tan
(xxi)
x
d
|x|
|x| = | x | or
: x0
dx
x
(xxii)
ax
ax
b
)
a
b
)
a
d
1
log |x| =
dx
x
13. ALGEBRA OF DIFFERENTIATION

(i)
Sum and difference rule

d
d
d
[f1(x) f2 (x)] =
[f1(x)]
[f2 (x)]
dx
dx
dx
(ii)
Scalar multiple rule

d
d
[k f(x)] = k
[f(x)] , where k is any constant
dx
dx
(iii) Product rule

d
d
d
[f1(x).f2 (x)] = [f1(x)]
[f2 (x)] + [f2 (x)]
[f1 (x)]
dx
dx
dx
(iv) Quotient rule
d f1(x)
=
d x f2 (x)
(v)
f2 (x)
d
d
[f1(x)] f1(x)
[f2 (x)]
dx
dx
[f2 (x)]2
Chain rule
d y d y du dv
if y = f1(u), u = f2(v) and v = f3(x) then d x = d u . d v . d x
7
NARAYANA
14. DERIVATIVE OF PARAMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Let x and y are two functions of variable 't' (parameter) such that x = f(t) and y = g(t). then
dy
dy dt g(t)
=
=
dx dx f (t)
dt
Example - 1
If x = a(cos + sin), y = a(sin cos) then find
Solution :
dx
= a[ sin + sin + cos ] = a cos ;
d
dy
.
dx
dy
= a(cos cos + sin ) = a sin
d
dy
= tan
dx
15. DIFFERENTIATION OF IMPLICIT FUNCTIONS

If in an equation, x and y both occur together. i.e. f(x, y) = 0 or f(x, y) = c and this function can not
be solved either for 'y' or 'x' then f(x, y) is called the implicit function of x (or y).
f
dy
x (yx y 1 + y x log y)
y
x
b
=
=
If x + y = a , then
f
dx
(x y log x + xy x 1 )
y
15.1. WORKING RULE FOR FINDING THE DERIVATIVE

Method 1
(i) Differentiate every term of f(x, y) = 0 with respect to 'x'.
(ii)
Collect the coefficients of
dy
dy
and obtain the value of
.
dx
dx
Method 2
f
f
f
f
dy
x
=
= x where
If f(x, y) = constant, then
and
x
y are partial differential coefficients of
f
dx
fy
y
f(x, y) with respect to x and y respectively.
Note :
An implicit function can be differentiated either with respect to 'x' or with respect to 'y'
16. DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION WITH RESPECT TO ANOTHER

FUNCTION
Let y = f(x) and z = g(x) be two functions of 'x' then the derivative of f(x) w.r.t g(x) or derivative of
y is denoted by
i.e.
dy
dz
dy
dy dx f (x)
=
=
dz dz g(x)
dx

8
NARAYANA
Example - 2
1 x2
2x
Find the derivative of sin1
with respect to cos 1
2
2
1+ x
1+ x
Solution :
1 2x
= 2 tan1 x
Let f(x) = sin
2
1+ x
f (x) =
2
1+ x2
2
2
1 1 x
= 2 tan1 x g(x) =
Let g(x) = cos
2
+
1
x
1
+
x2
Hence the derivative of f(x) with respect to g(x) is
f (x) 2 /1 + x 2
=
=1
g(x) 2 /1 + x 2
17. USE OF LOG IN FINDING DERIVATIVES OF THE FUNCTION OF

TYPE (f(x) )g(x)
Let y = [f(x)]
g( x )
Taking log on both sides we get log y = g(x) . log f(x)

Differentiating we get
dy
f (x)
g( x )
= [f(x)] g(x) log f(x) + g(x)
dx
f(x)
d tan x
tan x
= x tan x sec 2 x log x +

x
dx
x
Example - 3
18. DIFFERENTIATION USING TRIGONOMETRICAL SUBSTITUTIONS

1
(i)
sin
(ii)
cos
(iii) tan
(v)
y = sin
x cos
x tan
2 cos
(vii) 2 tan
(ix)
x sin
y = cos
y = tan
x = cos
x = sin
[x 1 y 2 y 1 x 2 ]
1
[xy
xy
1 x y
(1 x 2 )(1 y 2 )]
1
(iv)
2 sin
(2x 1)
(vi)
2 tan
2x
1 + x2
(viii)
2 tan
(x)
3 sin
1
1
tan x = tan
4
1 x
1+ x
x = sin
( 2x 1 x 2 )
2x
1 x2
x = tan
x = cos
x = sin
1 x2
1 + x2
(3x 4x )
9
NARAYANA
(xi) 3 cos
x = cos
(4x 3x)
(xii)
3 tan
(xiv)
tan x + cot x =
(xiii) sin x + cos x =

1
x = tan
3x x 3
1 3x 2
(xv) sec x + cosec x =
19. SUITABLE SUBSTITUTION

(i)
If the function involve the term
a 2 x 2 , then put x = a sin , or x = a cos
(ii)
If the function involve the term
x 2 + a 2 , then put x = a tan
(iii) If the function involve the term
x 2 a 2 , then put x = a sec
(iv)
th
20. n
ax
If the function involve the term a + x
, then put x = a cos
DIFFERENTIATION OF SUITABLE FUNCTION

n
(1)
D (ax + b) = m(m 1) (m 2) ........... (m n + 1) a (ax + b)
(2)
If m N and m > n, then
mn
m!
n
m
n
mn
D (ax + b) = (m n) ! a (ax + b)
Dn ( x m ) =
(3)
m!
x m n
(m n) !
n
D (ax + b) = n ! a
n
D (x ) = n !
(4)
n
n
1 ( 1) n ! a
=
Dn
n +1
ax + b (ax + b)
n
1 ( 1) n !
Dn =
x n +1
x
(5)
D {log (ax +b)} =
( 1)n 1(n 1) !
xn
D (log x) =
n
ax
( 1)n 1(n 1) ! n
a
(ax + b)n
ax
(6)
D (e ) = a e
(7)
D (a ) = (log a) a
mx
mx
.m
10
NARAYANA
(8)
D (sin x) = sin (x + n
(9)
)
2
D {sin (ax + b)} = a sin (ax + b + n
)
2
)
2
D {cos (ax + b)} = a cos (ax + b + n
)
2
D (cos x) = cos (x + n
n
ax
ax
(10) D {e
(11) D {e
(12) D (tan
2 n/2
cos (bx + c)} = (a + b )
ax
ax
sin (bx + c + n tan
cos (bx + c + n tan
b
)
a
b
)
a
x
( 1)n1(n 1) ! sinn sin n
) =
a
an
Where = tan
(13) D (tan
2 n/2
sin (bx + c)} = (a + b )
a
)
x
n1
x) = (1)
Where = tan
(n1) ! sin sin n
1
)
x
Example - 4
dy
3
3
If x = a cos , y = a sin , then find d x .
Solution :
Since x = a cos
dx
d (cos3 ) d (cos )
=a
.
d
(cos )
d
2
(Using chain rule)

2
= 3a cos (sin ) = 3a cos sin

3
and y = a sin
dy
d (sin3 ) d (sin )
2
=a
.
= 3a sin . cos
d
d (sin )
d
Now,
dy
d y d 3a sin2 cos
=
=
= tan
d x d x 3a cos2 sin
21. HIGHER ORDER DIFFERENTIATION

th
If y = f(x) be a differentiable function of x, such that whose second, third............, n derivatives exist.
th
The first, second, third ........., n derivatives of y = f(x) are denoted respectively by
d y d2 y
dn y
, 2 , .......,
d x dx
dx n
11
NARAYANA
Also denoted by y', y"........y
(n)
y1, y2, y3..............,yn

n
f', f".............f
2
dy, d y, d y,.........d y
Example - 5
d2 y
ln x
If y =
then find
d x2
x
Solution :
We have y =
ln x
x
xy = ln x
.....(1)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

dy
1
x d x + y .1= x
dy
d x + xy = 1
dy
d x + ln x = 1
[From (1)]
.....(2)
Again differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d2 y
dx
x3
Hence
x3
d2 y
dx
d2 y
dx 2
d2 y
dx
dy
1
. 2x + = 0
dx
x
+ 2x 2
dy
+1= 0
dx
+ 2 (1 ln x) + 1 = 0
= (2 ln x 3)
or
[from (2)]
d2 y
dx
2 ln x 3
x3
22. DERIVATIVE OF INFINITE SERIES

If taking out one or more than one terms form an infinite series.
f ( x ) + f ( x ) + f ( x ) + .........
(A) If y =
then y =
f ( x) + y
(y y) = f(x)
dy
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get (2y 1) d x = f '(x)
{f ( x )}.......
(B) If y = {f(x)}{f ( x )}
y = e
then y = {f(x)}
y !n f(x)
12
NARAYANA

dy
y
dx = e
ln f(x)
1
dy
f '(x) + ln f(x)
y
dx
f(x)
dy
dy
y y
f '(x) + ln f(x)
d x = {f(x)} f(x)
dx
dy
y
y1
{1 {f(x)} ln f(x)} d x = y {f(x)} . f '(x)
(C) y = f(x)
f(x)
then
dy
= f(x)f ( x ) f (x)[1 + log f(x)]
dx
d x
(x ) = x x (1 + log x)
dx
d(sin x sin x ) = (sin x)sin x .cos x[1 + log sin x]
(D) y = f(x)
g(x)
then
dy
f (x)
= f(x)g( x ) g(x)logf(x) + g(x)
dx
f(x)
d
1
(sin x)log x = (sin x)log x log(sin x) + log x.cot x

dx
x
dy y 2 f (x)
1
= 2
then
dx
y +1
1
f(x) +
.....
f(x) +
(E)
y = f(x) +
(F)
dy
2f (x)
1 + f(x)
y = log
then dx =
1 f 2 (x)
1 f(x)
1 + tan x
dy 2sec 2 x
y = log
=
then
dx 1 tan2 x
1 tan x
Example - 6
dy
If y = x + y + x + y + ....... then find d x
Solution :
We have y =
x + y + x + y + ......
y =
y x =
(y x) = 2y
x+ y+y
2y
13
NARAYANA

dy
dy
2
2 (y x) 2 y d x 1 = 2 d x
dy
2
2
(2y (y x) 1) d x = (y x)
Hence
dy
( y 2 x)
=
d x (2y 3 2xy 1)
23. DIFFERENTIATION OF A DETERMINANT FUNCTION
If F(x) =
f g h
! m n
u v w
Where f, g, h, !, m, n, u, v, w are functions of x and differentiable then
F'(x) =
or
F'(x) =
f ' g' h'

! m n
u v w
f' g h
!' m n
u' v w
f g h
!' m' n'
u v w
f g' h
! m' n
u v' w
f g h
! m n
u' v' w '
f g h'
! m n'
u v w'
14
NARAYANA
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Example - 1
Solution :
Lt
a x bx
=
tan x
(1)
log(a/b)
(2)
log(b/a)
(3)
logab
(4)
a/b
x 0
Ans. (1)
Lt
(a x 1) (b x 1) x
tan x
x
Lt
a x 1 bx 1
x
x
x 0
x 0
( Lt
x 0
tan x
= 1)
x
= loga logb = log(a/b)

Example - 2
Solution :
Lt (cos x + a sin bx)1/ x =
x 0
(1)
eab
(2)
ea/b
(3)
log(a/b)
(4)
logab
Ans. (1)
Given limit is in the form 1

Lt
e x0
=e
Example - 3
Solution :
cos x " 1 x
1
[cos x + a sin bx 1]
x
x2
1 + abx 1
2
Lt
x 0
x
= e ab
( sin bx " bx )
1
1
+
+ .... +
Lt
=
(2n + 1)(2n + 3)
3.5 5.7
(1)
1
2
(2)
1
3
(3)
1
6
(4)
1
4
Ans. (3)
Lt
1 1 1 1 1
1
1
+ + .... +
2 3 5 5 7
2n + 1 2n + 3
1 1 1
= =
2 3 6
15
NARAYANA
Example - 4
Solution :
(x + 1)10 + (x + 4)10 + (x + 9)10 + ... + (x + 100)10

=
x
x10 + 10010
Lt
(1)
100
(2)
1000
(3)
10
(4)
Ans. (3)
10
10
1 10
4
100
x10 1 + + 1 + + .... + 1 +

x
x
x
Lt
x
10010
x10 1 + 10
x
= 1 + 1 + ..... + 10 times
= 10
Note : If the degree of numerater and denomenater are equal, then the ratio of constant
terms is the limit when x 0 and the ratio of coefficients of highest degree terms is the
limit when x .
x2
Example - 5
Solution :
Lt
sin
t dt
x3
x 0
(1)
3
2
(2)
1
3
(3)
1
2
(4)
2
3
Ans. (4)
x
d
sin t dt
dx 0
Lt
d 3
(x )
dx
x 0
sin x (2x)
x 0
3x 2
= Lt
= Lt
x 0
Example - 6
Solution :
(Use Leibnitzs rule and sinx " x)
2x x 2
=
3x 2
3
[x] + [2x] + .... + [nx]

is, where [.] denotes the greatest integer function
x
n2
Lt
(1)
x
3
(2)
x
6
(3)
does not exist
(4)
x
2
Ans. (4)
Using the fact nx 1 < [nx] nx
16
NARAYANA
(nx 1) < [nx] nx
n
x.n(n + 1)
x n(n + 1) n
Lt
Lt
[rx] Lt
<
2
2
n
n
n
n n r =1
2n 2
2
x
Lt
2 n
Lt
n
n(n + 1)
n(n + 1)
n < [rn] x
2
2
r =1
Example - 7
Solution :
[rx] 2
r =1
[rx] = 2
r =1
(Using sandwich theorem)
1
1
Lt 2
=
2
sin x sinh x
x 0
(1)
2
3
(2)
(3)
1
3
(4)
2
3
Ans. (1)
Lt
x 0
sinh 2 x sin 2 x
sinh 2 x sin 2 x
=
Lt
x 0
sinh 2 x sin 2 x
x4
= Lt
x 0
2sinh x cosh x 2sin x cos x

(L.H.R)
4x 3
sinh 2x sin 2x
= Lt
= Lt
x 0
x 0
4x 3
e 2x e 2x
sin 2x
2
4x 3
23 e2 x (2)3 e 2x
3
23 sin + 2x
2
2
= Lt
x 0
4.3!
( the degree of denominator is 3, we take the 3rd order derivative)
8+8
+8
16 2
= 2
==
=
4.3.2
8.3 3
Example - 8
1 cos(ax 2 + bx + c)
is equal to
x
(x ) 2
Let a, b be the distinct roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then Lt
(1)
( )2
2
(2)
(3)
(4)
a2
( ) 2
2
a2
( ) 2
2
17
NARAYANA
Solution :
Ans. (4)
1 cos a(x )(x )

x
(x ) 2
Lt
( ax 2 + bx + c a(x )(x ) )
a2x2
a 2 (x ) 2 (x ) 2 a 2 ( )2
cos
ax
1
"
Lt
=
=
2 x
2(x ) 2
2
Example - 9
Lt
x
(1)
(3)
Solution :
(1 tan x / 2)(1 sin x)

=
(1 + tan x / 2) ( 2x)3
1
8
1
32
(2)
(4)
Ans. (3)
lim
x
2
(1 tan x / 2)(1 sin x)

(1 + tan x / 2)( 2x)3
If x
then h 0 put x = h
2
2
h
1 tan
4 2 1 cosh = lim tan + + h 1 cosh
= lim
3
h 0
h 0
h (2h)3
4 4 2 8h
1 + tan
4 2
cosh " 1 h
h h2
h h2
tan
2 2 = lim 2 2 = 1
= lim
h 0
h 0 8h 3
8h 3
32
Example - 10
Solution :
Lt
x 0
tan[e 2 ]x 4 tan[ e2 ]x 4
=
sin 4 x
(1) 0
(3) 8
Ans. (2)
e2 = (2.718)2 = 7.3875
(2)
(4)
( tanax " ax , sin x " x )
[e2] = 7, [e2] = 8
tan 7x + tan 8x
15x
= 4 = 15
sin 4 x
x
4
Example - 11
Lt
x 0
d 2
1 1 + x
sin cot
d x
1 x
(1)
(3)
1
2
1
2
15
7
(2)
(4)
18
NARAYANA
Solution :
Example - 12
Solution :
Ans. (1)
Let
1 1 + x
2
y = sin cot
1 x
1
2
y = sin cot
y = sin =
dy
1
= .
dx
2
. Put x = cos 2.
1 + cos 2
= sin2 cot1 (cot )

1 cos 2
1 cos 2
1 x
1 x
=
=
2
2
2 2
If y = (a x )( x b ) - (a b) tan
dy
ax
then find
dx.
x b
(1)
xa
x b
(2)
ax
x+b
(3)
ax
x b
(4)
x+a
x+b
Ans. (3)
2
Let
x = a cos + b sin
a x = a a cos b sin = (a b) sin
.....(1)
and x b = a cos + b sin b = (a b) cos
.....(2)
y = (a b) sin cos (a b) tan tan

=
(a b )
sin2 (a b)
2
d y
d y d (a b) cos 2 (a b) 1 cos 2
=
=
=
= tan
Then
(b a) sin 2
sin 2
d x d x
Example - 13
ax
x b
1
Derivative of sec
1
2
w.r.t
2x 1
[From (1) and (2)]

1
1+ 3 x at x = 3 is-
(1)
(2)
1
2
(3)
1
3
(4)
1
6
19
NARAYANA
Solution :
Example - 14
Solution :
Ans. (1)
1
2 and
2x 1
y = sec
dy
dy dx
=
=
dx dz
dx
d y

d x
x
If x =
1
3
z=
1 + 3x
4x
2
4x
1 + 3x
(2x 2 1)2
3
=
2
2
3
1
1
1
2
2
1
2 1 + 3x
2x 1
2x 1
(2x 2 1) 1
=0.
and y = +
dy
1
, then d x =
(1)
x
y
(2)
y
x
(3)
x
y
(4)
x
y
Ans. (1)
x=
dx
1
d =1+ 2 ,
y=+
dy
dx
dy
d
dx
d
Example - 15
Let
If y =
1
dy
=1 2
d
1
1+ 2
1
= x
=
1
y
+
a b
. tan 1
a + b
(a 2 b 2 )
2
d2 y
x
tan then find
.
d x2
2
b cos x
(1)
b sin x
(a + b cos x )
(2)
(4)
b sin x
(3)
Solution :
(b + a cos x )
(a + b cos x )2
b cos x
(a + b cos x )
Ans. (2)
We have y =
(a b )
2
. tan
a b
x
tan

2
a + b
20
NARAYANA
Let
ab
x
u=
tan
a+b
2
y=
dy
=
du
2
(a b )
2
. tan 1 u
(a b ) 1 + u
2
.............(1)
2
(a b ) 1 + u
2
.
(a 2 b 2 ) 1 + a b tan 2 x
2
a+b
(a b ) 1 + a b

a+b
2
[From (1)]
1 cos x
1 + cos x
(a + b) (1 + cos x)
(a 2 b 2 ) {(a + b) (1 + cos x) + (a b) (1 cos x)}
(a + b) (1 + cos x )
(a b ) (2a + 2b cos x )
.....(2)
and
du
1
1
ab
x
a b
sec 2 =
=
.
.
dx
2
a + b (1 + cos x )
2
a+b
dy dy du
=
.
dx du dx
(1 + cos x )
ab
a+b
.
(a + b cos x ) a + b
ab
........(3)
[from (2) and (3)]
1
a + b cos x
d2 y
b sin x
=
dx 2 (a + b cos x)2
Example - 16
Solution :
If x = e
tan1
y x2
dy
2 , then d x equals x
2
(1)
x [1 + tan (log x) + sec x]
(2)
2x [1 + tan (log x)] + sec x
(3)
2x [1 + tan (log x)] + sec x
(4)
none of these
Ans. (4)
21
NARAYANA
Taking log on both sides, we get

1
log x = tan
y x2
x2
tan (log x) = (y x ) / x
y = x + x tan (log x)
dy
2
d x = 2x + 2x tan (log x) + x sec (log x)
= 2x [1 + tan (log x)] + x sec (log x)

Example - 17
Solution :
dy
2 y
x
If x e + 2xye + 13 = 0, then d x equals
(1)
(3)
2xe y x + 2y ( x + 1)
(2)
x( xe y x + 2)
2 xe x y + 2y ( x + 1)
(4)
x ( xe y x + 2)
2xe x y + 2y ( x + 1)
x( xe y x + 2)
none of these
Ans. (1)
Using partial derivatives, we have
2xe y + 2ye x + 2xye x

dy
=
dx
x 2 e y + 2xe x
2xe y x + 2y + 2xy
x 2 e y x + 2x
2xe y x + 2y (x + 1)
=
yx
x (xe + 2)
Example - 18
Solution :
dy
If y = sin x + sin x + ........ , then d x equals-
(1)
sin x
2y + 1
(2)
cos x
2y 1
(3)
cos x
2y + 1
(4)
none of these
Ans. (2)
y = sin x + y
2
y = sin x + y
y y sin x = 0
cos x cos x
dy
=
=
dx
2y 1
2y 1
22
NARAYANA
Example - 19
dy
1
1 4
4
2
, x + y = t + 2 , then d x equalst
t
If x + y = t
1
(1)
(2)
x y3
1
x3y
(4)
x y
(3)
Solution :
1
x y3
Ans. (3)
Squaring the first equation, we have
4
2 2
x + y + 2x y = t +
Example - 20
Solution :
2 2
t +
x y = 1
dy
2
2y d x = 3
x
+ 2x y = t +
2 2
2
y =
1
t2
1
t2
(from second equation)
1
x2
1
dy
dx = 3
x y
If y = p(x) is a polynomial of degree 3, then 2
d 3 d2 y
y
is equal tod x dx 2
(1)
p (x) p(x)
(2)
p(x) p(x)
(3)
p(x) p(x)
(4)
none of these
Ans. (3)
2
Giveny = p(x)
...(i)
p(x) = 2yy
p(x) = 2yy + 2y
p(x) = 2yy + 6yy

Also 2
...(ii)
d 3
d 3 d2 y
= 2
( y y' ' )
y
dx
d x d x 2
3
= 2 [y y + 3y yy]
2
= y [2yy + 6yy]
= p(x) p(x)
Example - 21
from (i) and (ii)
x + y f(x) + f(y)
If f
x,y R and f (0) = 1 , f(0) = 1, then f(2) =
=
2
2
(1)
1
2
(2)
(3)
(4)
1
2
23
NARAYANA
Solution :
Ans. (3)
2x + 0 f(2x) + f(0)
f(x) = f
=
2
2
2x + 2h
f
f(x)
2
f(x + h) f(x)
=
Lt
f (x) = Lt
h 0
h 0
h
h
f(2x) + f(2h) f(2x) + f(0)
= Lt
/h
h 0
2
2
= Lt
2h 0
Example - 22
f(2h) f(0)
= f (0)
2h
f (x) = f (0) = 1 f(x) = x + c
f(0) = c
f(2) = 2 + 1 = 1
c=1
If f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) and f(x) = 1 + xg(x) H(x) where Lt g(x) = 2 and Lt H(x) = 3 then
x 0
x 0
f (x) =
Solution :
(1)
f(x)
(2)
2f(x)
(3)
3f(x)
(4)
6f(x)
Ans. (4)
f(x + h) f(x)
f(x)f(h) f(x)
f(h) 1
= Lt
= f(x) Lt
h
0
h
0
h
h
h
f (x) = Lt
h 0
= f(x) Lt
h 0
1 + hg(h)H(h) 1
= f(x) Lt g(h)H(h)
h0
h
= f(x) (2 3) = 6f(x)
Example - 23
Solution :
If f(a) = 2, f (a) = 1 , g(a) = 1, g(a) = 2 then the value of Lt g(x)f(a) g(a)f(x) is

x a
xa
(1)
(2)
1
5
(3)
(4)
Ans. (3)
Use L.H.R
Lt
x a
g(x)f(a) g(a)f (x)

= g(a)f(a) g(a)f (a)
1
= 2(2) (1) (1) = 4 + 1 = 5

x
Example - 24
If g(x) =
1
{3t 2g(t)} dt then g(2) =
x 2
(1)
2/3
(2)
3/2
(3)
2/3
(4)
3/2
24
NARAYANA
Solution :
Ans. (4)
x
Given g(x) =
1
{3t 2g(t)} dt
x 2
x
x g(x) = {3t 2g(t)} dt

2
g(x) + x g(x) = {3x 2g(x)} (1) 0
g(2) + 2 g(2) = 6 2g(2)

4g(2) = 6 g(2) = 6 0 = 6
g(2) =
3
2
1/ x
Example - 25
Solution :
f(1 + x)
Let f : R R be such that f(1) = 3 and f (1) = 6 then xLt

0
f(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(4)
1/2
Ans. (3)
1/ x
f (1 + x)
Let y =
f (1)
1
{log f (1 + x) log f (1)}
x
log y =
log Lt (y) = Lt
x 0
x 0
x 0
f (1 + x) f (1) 6
=
= =2
f (1 + x) f (1) 3
Lt (y) = e 2
25
NARAYANA
EXERCISES
LEVEL - I
sin x
1.
sin x x sin x
=
Lt
x 0
x
(1)
1
e2
(2)
(3) e2
1
e
(4) e
1 1
1
+ 2 + .... + n
2 2
2 =
Lt
n
1 1
1
1 + + 2 + ..... + n
3 3
3
1+
2.
3.
(1)
4
3
(2)
2
3
(3)
1
3
(4)
1
2
Lt
h 0
(a + h)2 sin(a + h) a2 sina

=
h
(1) a2 cosa + 2a sina
(2) a (cosa + 2 sina)
(3) a (cosa + 2 sina)
(4) 0
1
4.
If , be the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then Lt (1 + ax 2 + bx + c) x is

x
(1) a( )
a( )
(4) ea( + )
(3) e
5.
6.
Lt
x 0
(2) log | a( )|
(1 + a3 ) + 8e1/ x
= 2 Then
1 + (1 b3 )e1/ x
(1) a = 1, b = 2
(2) a = 1, b = 31/3
(3) a = 1, b = 1/2
(4) a = 2, b R
Lt
sinn
(1) 0
(2)
(3) 1
(4)
26
NARAYANA
x
x
x
x
Lt cos cos cos cos n
2
4
8
2
7.
(1) 1
(3)
(2)
x
sin x
sin x
x
(4) 1
2
n
1
+
+ ..... +
Lt
=
2
2
1 n2
1 n 1 n
8.
(3)
1
2
10.
(2) 2, 1
(3) 2, 1
(4) 2, 1
Lt
x 0
cos x 3 cos x
=
sin2 x
1
6
(3)
(2)
1
12
1
3
(4)
1
14
1 x
=
x 1 (cos 1 x)2
Lt
(1)
1
4
(3)
1
4
(2)
1
2
(4)
1
3
{[1 x] + [2
2
12.
1
3
(1) 2, 1
(1)
11.
(4)
sin2x + a sin x
be finite, then the value of a and the limit are given by
x3
If xLt
0
9.
1
2
(2)
(1) 0
If [x] denotes the greatest integer x , then Lt

n
x] + ....[n2 x]
n3
(1)
x
2
(2)
x
3
(3)
x
6
(4) 0
27
NARAYANA
x x 1
=
cos 1
1
d x
x+x
d
13.
14.
15.
16.
(1)
1+ x2
(3)
1+ x2
If y = e x + e
x + ex +.....
(2)
1+ x2
(4)
1+ x2
dy
, then d x =
y
(1) 1 y
1
(2) 1 y
y
(3) 1 + y
y
(4) y 1
dy
x2 x3
+
+ ....... , then d x =
2! 3!
If y = 1 + x +
(1) y
(2) y 1
(3) y + 1
(4) none of these
Differential coefficient of sec
2x 2 1
w.r.t.
1
1 x 2 at x = 2 is-
(1) 2
(2) 4
(3) 6
(4) 1
x
17.
dy
1
If y = 1 + , then d x =
x
(1) 1 +
x
(3) x +
x
18.
1
1
log 1 +
+
x
1
x
(2) 1 +
x
log (x 1) x + 1
(4) x +
x
log 1 +
x
1
1
log 1 + +
x 1+ x
dy
2x + 3
If f (x) = sin (log x) and y = f
=
, then
dx
3 2x
9 cos (log x )
(1)
x (3 2 x ) 2
2x + 3
9 sin log
3 2x 2
(3)
(3 2x ) 2
2x + 3
9 cos log
3 2x
(2)
x (3 2 x )2
(4)
12
2x + 3
sin log
2
(3 2x)
3 2x
28
NARAYANA
19.
dy
1
1/2
If y = cot (cos 2x) , then the value of d x at x =
will be6
2
(1)
3
1/ 2
1
(2)
3
1/2
1/2
(3) (3)
20.
(3)
22.
(4) (6)
dy
If y = logcos x sin x, then d x is equal to-
(1)
21.
cot x log cos x + tan x log sin x

(log cos x )
(log sin x )
If y = sinn x cosnx , then
(4)
tan x log cos x + cot x log sin x

(log cos x )2
cot x
(logsin x)2
dy
equals
dx
(2) nsinn 1 x sin (n + 1) x
(3) nsinn 1 x cos (n 1) x
(4) nsinn 1 x cosnx
If f ( x ) = cos x cos 2x cos 4x cos8x cos16x then f ' is

4
(2)
1
2
(4) None of these
The value of the derivative of |x 2| + |x 3| at x = 3 is

(1) 2
(2) 2
(3) 0
(4) 1
x3
Let f(x) = 6
p
sin x cos x
d3
(f(x)) at x = 0 is
1
0
where p is constant, then
dx 3
2
3
p
p
2
(1) p
(2) p + p
3
(3) p + p
25.
(2)
(1) nsinn 1 x cos (n + 1) x
(3) 1
24.
cot x log cos x + tan x log sin x
(1)
23.
1/ 2
(4) Independent of p
2
If f (x) = g(x) and g(x) = f(x) for all x and f(2) = 4 = f (2) then f (19) + g (19) is
(1) 16
(2) 32
(3) 64
(4) 8
29
NARAYANA
LEVEL - II
x
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lt
x a
x
f (x) dx =
x a a
(1) 2 f(a)
(2) f(a)
(3) a f(a)
(4) 0
1
4
9
n2
Lt 3
+ 3
+ 3
+ .... + 3
=
n n + 1
n +1 n +1
n +1
(1) 1
(2) 2/3
(3) 1/3
(4) 0
Lt
x 0
log(1 + {x})
= (where {x} denotes the fractional part of x)
{x}
(1) 1
(2) 0
(3) 2
(4) does not exist
a1/
a
(1) 4
+ a1/
Lt
x 0
, a > 1 is
(2) 2
(3) 1
5.
6.
Lt
(4) 0
a n + bn
, where a > b > 1, is equal to
a n bn
(1) 1
(2) 1
(3) 0
(4) none of these
1/ sin 2 x
Lt 1
x 0
+2
1/ sin 2 x
+ .... + n
1/ sin 2 x
sin 2 x
is
(1)
(3)
7.
(2) 0
n(n + 1)
2
(4) n
If G(x) = 25 x 2 , then Lt
x 1
(1)
1
24
(3) 24
G(x) G(1)
is
x 1
(2)
(4)
1
5
1
24
30
NARAYANA
If f(9) = 9, f (9) = 4 , then Lt
8.
x 9
(1) 3
(3) 6
Lt
9.
x 0
10.
12.
13.
x tan 2x 2x tan x
is
(1 cos 2x)2
(2) 2
(3) 1/2
(4) 1/2
Lt
sin x (sin x)sin x

=
1 sin x + log(sin x)
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4
2
Given f (2) = 6 , and f (1) = 4 , Lt f (2h + 2 + h ) f (2) is
h 0 f (h h 2 + 1) f (1)
(1) 3/2
(2) 3
(3) 5/2
(4) 3
Let g(x) = sin2[3]x2 sin2[3]x2 , [.] represents greatest integer function then xLt
0
(1) 63
(2) 63
(3) 1
(4) 1
If y = x |x| then
If 2x + 2y = 2x + y then
|x|
x
(4) 2 |x|
(2)
dy
=
dx
(1) 2x y
(3) 2x y
If x3y2 = (x + y)5 then
(1)
x
y
(3)
(2) 2y x
(4) 2y x
dy
=
dx
(2)
x
y
g(x)
=
sin 4 x
dy
=
dx
(3) x|x|
15.
(2) 4
(4) 8
(1) |x|
14.
x 3
(1) 2
11.
f (x) 3
y
x
(4) logx
31
NARAYANA
16.
d
(x + a)(x 2 + a2 )(x 4 + a4 )(x 8 + a8 ) =
dx
(1)
15x16 16x15 a + a16

(x a)2
(2)
(3)
x16 a16
xa
(4) 16x15 a16
17.
If
x2
x3
f(x) = 1 2x 3x 2
then f (x) =
0 2 6x
(1) 0
(3) x2
18.
19.
20.
21.
x16 x15 a + a16

(x a)2
(2) 1
(4) 6x2
If f(x) = cos2x + cos3 + x sin x sin x + and (5/4) = 3 then (gof)(x) =

3
3
(1) 0
(2) 1
(3) cosx + cos + x

3
(4) 3
Let f(x) be a polynomial function of second degree if f(1) = f(1) and a, b, c are in A.P then f (a), f (b), f (c)
are in
(1) A.P
(2) G.P
(3) H.P
(4) A.G.P
x
x
If cos cos 2
2

2
x
cos 3
sin x
.........to = x then
(1)
1
x 1
x
tan + 2 tan 2
2
2 2
2
1
x
+ 3 tan 3
2
2
+ ...... = cot x +
x
(2)
1
1
x 1
x 1
x
tan + 2 tan 2 + 3 tan 3 + ...... = cot x
2
2
x
2
2
2
2

(3)
1
x 1
x
sec 2 + 4 sec 2 2
2
2
2 2
2
(4)
1
1
1
x 1
x
sec 2 + 4 sec 2 2 + ...... = cosec 2 x + 2 + 3
2
22
2
2
x
x

2
+ ...... + = cos ec x 2
x
A triangle has two of its vertices at P(a, 0), Q(0, b) and the third vertex R(x, y) is moving along the st.line
y = x, if A be the area of the , then
dA
=
dx
(1)
ab
2
(2)
ab
4
(3)
a+b
2
(4)
a+b
4
32
NARAYANA
22.
If f (x) = (x) and (x) = f(x) x , also f(3) = 5 and f (3) = 4 , then the value of [f(10)]2 [(10)]2 =
(1) 0
(3) 41
23.
(2) 9
(4) 25
5
If f(x) = sin [x] x , 1 < x < 2 and [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then
2

f 5 =
2
(1)
5
2
4/5
(3) 0
(2)
5
2
(4)
3
2
4/5
4/5
dy
1 a sin x + bcos x
=
If y = tan
then
dx
acos x b sin x
24
25.
(1) 1
(2) 1
(3) 0
(4)
a
a cos x b sin x
If y =
x
a+
then
x
b+
dy
=
dx
x
a+
x
b + ........
(1)
b
a(b + 2y)
(2)
b
b + 2y
(3)
a
b(b + 2y)
(4)
ab
a + b2y
33
NARAYANA
LEVEL - III
1.

Lt x cos sin =
4x 4x
(1)
(2)
(4)
(3) 1
2.
3.
Lt
[x]
=
x
(1) 1
(2) 3
(3) 1
(4) does not exist
x
2
=
Lt
sec x tan x
x
2
4.
5.
6.
7.
(1) 1
(2) 1
(3) 2
(4) 3
xe3x x
Lt
1 + x2 1
x 0
(1) 3
(2) 6
(3) 4
(4) 1
Lt
x 0
e|x| 1
=
x
(1) 1
(2) 1
(3) does not exist
(4) 0
11/ x + 21/ x + .... + n1/ x

Lt
x
n
nx
is
(1) n
(2) n
(3) n 1
(4) 0
Lt x + x + x x =
(1)
1
2
(3) 0
(2) 1
(4) does not exist
34
NARAYANA
Lt
8.
x 2
2 x + 23 x 6
=
2 x / 2 21 x
(1) 8
(3) 2
(2) 4
(4) 6
4 + 3a n
an =
If a n +1 = 3 + 2a then nLt
9.
(1) 0
(2) 2
(3)
10.
(4) 2
1
1
+
+ .... +
+ .....nterms x > 0, then Lt f (x) =
If f (x) = x
(1 + 2x)(1 + 3x)
n
1 + x (1 + x)(1 + 2x)
1
1 x
(3) 1
1
1+ x
(4) 0
(1)
11.
(2)
x 4 sin(1/ x) + x 2
lim
is
The value of x
1+ | x |3
(1) 1
(3) 0
(2) 1
(4)
11/ cos x + 21/ cos x + .... + n1/ cos x

The value of xlim

12.
cos2 x
is
13.
14.
(1) 0
(2) n
(3)
(4)
If siny = xcos(a + y) then
n(n + 1)
2
dy
=
dx
(1)
sin2 (a + y)
sina
(2)
cos2 (a + y)
cosa
(3)
cos2 (a y)
cosa
(4)
cos2 (a + y)
sina
If sin2mx + cos2ny = a2 then
dy
=
dx
(1)
m sin 2mx
n sin 2ny
(2)
n sin 2ny
m sin 2mx
(3)
n sin 2mx
m sin2ny
(4)
m sin 2mx
n sin2ny
35
NARAYANA
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
xx xx
If f(x) = cot 1
then f (1) =
2
(1) 1
(2) 1
(3) log2
(4) log2
4x
dy
1
=
If y = logcot x tan x logtan x cot x + tan
2 then
4
x
dx
(1)
1
4 + x2
(2)
4
4 + x2
(3)
1
4 x2
(4)
4
4 x2
If 3f(cosx) + 2f(sinx) = 5x then f (cos x) =

(1)
5
cos x
(2)
5
cos x
(3)
5
sin x
(4)
5
sin x
If f(x) = (cosx + sinx) (cos3x + isin3x) .... (cos[(2n 1)x] + isin(2n 1)x] then f (x) =
(1) n2f(x)
(2) n4f(x)
(3) n2f(x)
(4) n3f(x)
Let (x) be the inverse of the function f(x) and f (x) =
d
1
[(x)] =
5 then
dx
1+ x
1
(1)
1
1 + ((x))5
(2)
1 + ( f(x) )
(3)
1 + ((x) )
(4)
1 + ( f(x) )
If
x 2 + y 2 = ae tan
(y / x)
,a > 0 then y (0) is
(1)
a / 2
e
2
(2)
ae / 2
(3)
2
e / 2
a
(4)
2 /2
e
a
2
If y = a cos(logx) + b sin(logx) then x
d2 y
dy
+x
=
dx
dx 2
(1) 0
(2) y
(3) y
(4) 1
36
NARAYANA
22.
23.
24.
25.
If siny = x sin(a + y) and
dy
A
=
then the value of A is
dx 1 + x 2 2x cos a
(1) 2
(2) cosa
(3) sina
(4) 2
If y =
ax + b
, where a, b, c are constants then (2xy + y)y is equal to
x2 + c
(1) 3(xy + y)y
(2) 3(xy + y)y
(3) 3(xy + y)y
(4) none of these
dy
is equal to
dx
If
1 x 6 + 1 y 6 = a 3 (x 3 y3 ) , then
(1)
x 2 1 y6
y2 1 x 6
(2)
(3)
x2 1 x6
y 2 1 y6
(4) none of these
y 2 1 y6
x2 1 x6
u(x)
Let f(x) = log
, u(2) = 4, (2) = 2 , u(2) = 2, v(2) = 1, then f (2) is
(x)
(1) 0
(2) 1
(3) -1
(4) 2
37
NARAYANA
QUESTIONS ASKED IN AIEEE & OTHER ENGINEERING EXAMS

1.
If xm yn = (x + y)m+n , then
y
x
(2)
x+y
xy
(3) xy
(4)
x
y
(2)
1
cos ec1
2
(4)
1
tan1
2
(1)
2.
dy
is
dx
1
2
4
1
1
lim 2 sec 2 2 + 2 sec 2 2 + .... + sec 2 1 is

n
n
n
n
n
(1)
1
sec1
2
(3) tan1
3.
4.
5.
[AIEEE - 2006]
Let and be the distinct roots of ax + bx + c = 0 then xlim
(1)
a2
( )2
2
(2) 0
(3)
a2
( )2
2
(4)
a b
If lim 1 + + 2
x
x x
1 cos(ax 2 + bx + c)
is equal to
(x a)2
1
( )2
2
= e2 , then the values of a and b, are

(2) a = 1, b R
(3) a R, b R
(4) a = 1 and b = 2.
lim
[AIEEE - 2005]
2x
(1) a R, b = 2
x / 2
[AIEEE - 2005]
[AIEEE - 2004]
x
1 tan 2 [1 sin x]
is
x
3
+
1
tan
[
2x]
2
(1)
1
8
(2) 0
(3)
1
32
(4)
[AIEEE - 2003]
38
NARAYANA
log(3 + x) log(3 x)
= k , the value of k is
x
If lim
6.
x 0
(1) 0
(2)
1
3
2
3
(4)
2
3
(3)
[AIEEE - 2003]
Let f(a) = g(a) = k and their nth derivatives fn(a), gn(a) exist and are not equal for some n. Further if
7.
lim
x a
f(a)g(x) f(a) g(a)f(x) + g(a)

= 4 , then the value of k is
g(x) f(x)
(1) 4
(2) 2
(3) 1
(4) 0
If f(x) = xn , then the value of f(1)
8.
(1) 2n
(3) 0
10.
11.
f (1) f (1) f (1)

( 1)n f n (1)
+
+ .... +
is
1!
2!
3!
n!
(2) 2n1
(4) 1
If x = e y + e
9.
y +....to
, x > 0 then
1 x
x
(2)
1
x
(3)
x
1+ x
(4)
1+ x
x
1 cos 2x
x 0
2x
[AIEEE - 2003]
dy
is
dx
(1)
lim
[AIEEE - 2003]
[AIEEE - 2003]
is
(1)
(2) 1
(3) zero
(4) does not exist
x 2 + 5x + 3
lim 2
x x + x + 2
[AIEEE - 2002]
is
(1) e4
(2) e2
(3) e3
(4) e
[AIEEE - 2002]
12.
x 3
For x R , lim
is
x x + 2
(1) e
(2) e1
(3) e5
(4) e5
[AIEEE - 2002]
39
NARAYANA
13.
14.
15.
Let f(2) = 4 and f (2) = 4 . Then lim
x2
xf(2) 2f(x)
is given by
x2
(1) 2
(2) 2
(3) 4
(4) 3
2
If y = (x + 1 + x 2 )n , then (1 + x )
d2 y
dy
+x
is
2
dx
dx
(1) n2 y
(2) n2y
(3) y
(4) 2x2y
If sin y = x sin(a + y) , then
[AIEEE - 2002]
dy
is
dx
sina sin (a + y)
(2)
sin2 (a + y)
sina
(3) sina sin2 (a + y)
(4)
sin2 (a y)
sina
(2)
1 log x
1 + log x
sina
(1)
16.
[AIEEE - 2002]
[AIEEE - 2002]
dy
is
If x y = ex y , then
dx
1+ x
1 + log x
(1)
log x
(3) not defined
17.
(4)
19.
[AIEEE - 2002]
e x esin x
lim
is equal to
x 0
x sin x
(1) 1
(3) 1
18.
(1 + log x)2
lim
x 0
(2) 0
(4) none of these
[UPSEAT - 2004]
cos 2x 3 1
is equal to
sin 6 2x
(1)
1
16
(2)
1
16
(3)
1
32
(4)
1
32
lim 1
x
x 1
[CEET (Haryana) - 2004]
3x 1
is equal to:
(1) e12
(2) e12
(3) e 4
(4) e3
[CET (Karnataka) - 2004]
40
NARAYANA
20.
21.
lim 1 + sin equals to:

n
n
(1) ea
(2) e
2a
(4) 0
(3) e
The differential coefficient of f(sinx) with respect to x where f(x) = logx is
(1) tanx
(2) cotx
(3) f(cosx)
22.
(4)
If x = A cos 4t + B sin4t, then
(2) 16x
(4) x
x
If 1 = a
a
b b
x
x b and 2 =
a
a x
24.
(1)
x log e x then
d
1 = 3 2
dx
(4) 1 = 3( 2 )3/ 2
[UPSEAT - 2000]
dy
at x = e is
dx
1
1
e
(3)
25.
(2)
d
1 = 3( 2 ) 2
dx
If y =
b
are given, then
x
(1) 1 = 3( 2 ) 2
(3)
d2x
is equal to
dt 2
(1) 16x
(3) x
23.
1
x
[CEE (Delhi) - 2004]
(2)
(4) none of these
e
1
[BIT (Mesra) - 2000]
log(e / x 2 )
d2 y
1 3 + 2log x
+
tan
,
=
then
2
dx 2
1 6log x
log(ex )
If y = tan
(1) 2
(3) 0
(2) 1
(4) 1
[CEE (Delhi) - 2004]
41
NARAYANA
ANSWERS
EXERCISES
LEVEL - I
1. (2)
2. (1)
3. (1)
4. (3)
5. (2)
6. (1)
7. (2)
8. (2)
9. (2)
10. (3)
11. (1)
12. (2)
13. (4)
14. (1)
15. (1)
16. (1)
17. (1)
18. (4)
19. (1)
20. (1)
21. (1)
22. (1)
23. (3)
24. (4)
25. (2)
LEVEL - II
1. (3)
2. (3)
3. (4)
4. (3)
5. (2)
6. (3)
7. (4)
8. (2)
9. (3)
10. (2)
11. (2)
12. (2)
13. (4)
14. (4)
15. (2)
16. (1)
17. (4)
18. (4)
19. (1)
20. (1)
21. (3)
22. (2)
23. (2)
24. (1)
25. (1)
LEVEL - III
1. (2)
2. (1)
3. (3)
4. (2)
5. (3)
6. (1)
7. (1)
8. (1)
9. (3)
10. (3)
11. (2)
12. (2)
13. (2)
14. (1)
15. (1)
16. (2)
17. (3)
18. (2)
19. (3)
20. (3)
21. (3)
22. (3)
23. (1)
24. (1)
25. (2)
QUESTIONS ASKED IN AIEEE & OTHER ENGINEERING EXAMS

1. (2)
2. (4)
3. (1)
4. (2)
5. (3)
6. (3)
7. (1)
8. (3)
9. (1)
10. (4)
11. (1)
12. (3)
13. (3)
14. (1)
15. (2)
16. (4)
17. (3)
18. (4)
19. (2)
20. (1)
21. (2)
22. (1)
23. (2)
24. (2)
25. (3)
42

AIEEE Class XI Maths Limits &amp; Derivatives

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AIEEE Class XI Maths Limits &amp; Derivatives

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2004 NARAYANA GROUP

The salient features of this package include :

THE NARAYANA TEAM

THE NARAYANA TEAM

LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES

Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

LIMITS AND DERIV

Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC LIMITS

Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

(vi) log(1 + ax) ! ax

SOME USEFUL EXPANSIONS

(log a)x (log a)2 x 2

Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

takes the form again

then apply LHospitals Rule.

If ( ) form is given, take L.C.M convert it in the form of

help of LHospitals Rule.

takes the form of 1 then write it as Lt ( f (x) )

LIMIT OF GREATEST INTEGER FUNCTION

Lt [x] does not exist

Case (2) If a integer then

Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

Lt g(x) = Lt h(x) = ! then Lt f (x) = !

This is called sandwich theorem.

SPECIAL TYPES OF LIMITS

Use of Leibnitzs formula for evaluating the limit

g (x) = f [ (x)] (x) f ((x)) (x)

Summation of series using definite integral as the limit of a sum.

To Evaluate such limits we note the following

Lower limit is always zero.

Upper limit is Coefficient of n in the upper limit of

is replaced by sign of integration

Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

Taking limit on both sides when x 0 we have,

12. SOME DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAE

Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

a 2 + b 2 e sin (bx + tan

a 2 + b 2 e cos (bx + tan

13. ALGEBRA OF DIFFERENTIATION

Sum and difference rule

Scalar multiple rule

(iii) Product rule

(iv) Quotient rule

Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

14. DERIVATIVE OF PARAMETRIC FUNCTIONS

If x = a(cos + sin), y = a(sin cos) then find

15. DIFFERENTIATION OF IMPLICIT FUNCTIONS

15.1. WORKING RULE FOR FINDING THE DERIVATIVE

Collect the coefficients of

16. DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION WITH RESPECT TO ANOTHER

Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

Hence the derivative of f(x) with respect to g(x) is

17. USE OF LOG IN FINDING DERIVATIVES OF THE FUNCTION OF

Taking log on both sides we get log y = g(x) . log f(x)

AIEEE Class XI Maths Limits & Derivatives

AIEEE Class XI Maths Limits & Derivatives