ABSTRACT ALGEBRA MANUAL:

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or
by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no
expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No
liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information
contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in
rendering legal, medical or any other professional services.

ABSTRACT ALGEBRA MANUAL:

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

AYMAN BADAWI

Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Huntington, NY

Senior Editors: Susan Boriotti and Donna Dennis

Editorial Coordinator: Tatiana Shohov
Office Manager: Annette Hellinger
Graphics: Wanda Serrano
Book Production: Matthew Kozlowski, Jonathan Rose and Jennifer Vogt
Circulation: Cathy DeGregory, Ave Maria Gonzalez, Ron Hedges and Andre Tillman

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Badawi, Ayman.
Abstract algebra manual: problems and solutions / Ayman Badawi
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:  (eBook)

1. Algebra, Abstract. I. Title.

QA162 .B33 2001

512.02dc21
2001031272

Copyright 2001 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

227 Main Street, Suite 100
Huntington, New York 11743
Tele. 631-424-6682
Fax 631-425-5933
E Mail Novascience@earthlink.net
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape,
mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without permission from the publishers.
The authors and publisher have taken care in preparation of this book, but make no
expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for any errors or
omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection
with or arising out of information contained in this book.
This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to
the subject matter covered herein. It is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is
not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services. If legal or any other expert
assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought. FROM A
DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF
THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS.

Printed in the United States of America

INDEX

Abelian, 5
automorphisms, 2

distinct powers, 3
distinct prime numbers, 3
divisor, 3
divisor, positive, 4
domain, 62
domain, integral, 65
domain, principal ideal, 69

B
Binomial Expansion Theorem, 68

C
cancelation, left-, 32
cancelation, right-, 32
centralizer, 1
closed, 3
closure, 11
common divisor, greatest, 1
common divisor, least, 1
common entries, 4
complex numbers, all nonzero, 29
contradiction, 11
cosets, 1
cosets, left, 21
cycle, even, 19
cycles, disjoint, 4, 18
cyclic group, infinite, 35
cyclic, 3

E
element, 2
element, nilpotent, 62
element, non-identity, 8, 49
elements, distinct, 3, 13
elements, nilpotent, 55

F
field, 56
field, extension, 58, 93
field, finite extension, 58
field, finite, 59
field, infinite, 85
field, some extension, 96
field, splitting, 92
finite group, 4

108
finite index, 29
finite set, 2
finite, order, 3

G
generators, 16
group homomorphism, 5, 34
group homomorphism, nontrivial, 37
group isomorphism, 36
group, Abelian, 13
group, cyclic, 3
group, finite Abelian, 36
group, infinite cyclic, 16
group, infinite, 17
group, non-Abelian, 24, 47
group, non-cyclic Abelian, 17
group, non-cyclic, 25
group, unit, 2
group-axioms, 11

H
homomorphism, ring, 34

I
ideal , maximal, 67
ideal domain, principle, 56
ideal, nonzero prime, 88
ideal, prime, 65
ideal, principal, 67
ideal, proper, 66
ideals, all prime (maximal), 88
ideals, prime (maximal), 81
idempotent, 62
identity matrix, 63
infinite order, 3, 15, 85
integer, even, 70
integer, odd, 70
integer, positive, 4
integers, 27
integral domain, 55, 73

A. Badawi
integral domain, finite 73
integer, positive, 2, 31
integers, 2
isomorphic, 2
isomorphisms, 2

L
least common multiple, 4
linear factors, 90

M
matrix, square, 2
matrix-multiplication, 2
maximal ideal, 56, 57
maximal order, 53
module, multiplication, 2
module, intergers, 2
multiplicative identity, 77
multiplicity, 86

N
nilpotent, 63
non-Albelian, 45
nonzero-ring homomorphism, 83
normalizer, 1
number, prime, 2, 23
numbers, all rational, 55
numbers, all real, 55
numbers, complex, 2
numbers, rational, 2

O
ONTO, 80,

P
permutation of a finite set, 4
permutations, 2
polynomial, 55
polynomial, irreducible, 59, 90

Abstract Algebra Manual: Problems and Solutions

polynomial, nonzero, 56
polynomials, monic irreducible, 57, 102
prime number, 5, 8

R
rational numbers, all nonzero, 28
rational numbers, all positive, 28
real number, positive, 44
real numbers, all nonzero negative, 29
real numbers, all nonzero positive, 29
relatively prime, 3
ring homomorphism, 56, 80
ring isomorphism, 77
ring, commutative, 55, 65
ring, finite commutative, 73
ring, finite, 74
ring, non-commutative, 61
root, common, 99
root, multiple, 99

S
subgroup of finite index, proper, 28
subgroup, 1

subgroup, Abelian normal, 33

subgroup, cyclic, 2
subgroup, finite, 17
subgroup, normal cyclic, 30
subgroup, normal, 1, 5, 26
subgroup, proper, 22
subgroup, smallest, 15
subgroup, Sylow p-, 5
subgroup, unique, 4, 18
subgroups, proper, 17
subring isomorphic, 79
subring, 68
Sylow p-subgroups, 52
Sylow q-subgroups, 48

U
unit, 74

Z
zero (root), 56
zero divisor, 74
zero divisors, 55

109