RUNNING HEAD: HEREDITARY OF AUTISM ISSUES

Hereditary of Autism Issues: Literature Review

Kristina Martinez
The University of Texas at El Paso
Professor Kinley

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Abstract:
Autism largely affects those in the US and has made many parents concerned. It is a
genetic disorder that is passed by a mutation called de novo. Questioned have been
asked on issues like, why are parents scared of the Autism vaccine myth? Parents
prevent their children to get the measles vaccine because they hear on the news or by
rumors that the measles vaccine can cause children to be diagnosed with the disorder.
What is the difference between Autism and Aspergers syndrome? There are different
types of autism like aspergers, Pervasive developmental disorder, Rett syndrome,
childhood disintegrative disorder. How is ADS diagnosed? There are test and signs that
can provided answers to parents to detect if their child has autism. After these
questioned have been researched the audience will get a better understanding about
autism and its issues like vaccines myths, signs, and comparison of different types of
autism.

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Introduction:
Autism is a commonly know genetic disorder. It is affects 1 out of 60 to 70 children
and mostly among boys because they are most likely to develop the disorder than girls.
Autism is a fast growing serious disorder disability in the U.S. Autism, which now
afflicts more than 1 million children in the U.S., is associated with a spectrum of
disabilities, including repetitive behaviors and problems socializing and communicating
(Szabo, 2012). Autism is caused by the deletion in the DNA or environment factor
causes like, the mothers age or health issues. As autism is increasing in young children,
parents become worried and may start to ask their pediatricians questions about the
diagnoses of autism. They might want to know the history of autism and different omit
levels of autism. The parents would also want to know the causes and prevention of
autism so in order to get a better understanding of some issues of hereditary of autism.
This project will provide in depth information using primary and secondary research
findings. The questions below will give detailed information on how the three questions
that will be researched for this project flow together into the topic.
1. Why are parents scared of the Autism vaccine myth?
2. What is the difference between Autism and Aspersers syndrome?
3. How is ADS diagnosed?
Why are parents scared of the Autism vaccine myth?
Parents believe that if they allow their child to obtain the measles vaccine their child will
be diagnosed with Autism. Autism is not an immune-mediated disease. Unlike
autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, there is no evidence of immune
activation or inflammatory lesions in the CNS of people with autism (Gerber & Offit,
2009). In some fraction of the American population, however, the belief in a link
remains. (Willingham & Helft, 2014). When children receive most of their vaccines they

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are in the rapid changing development, such as they progress in speech, their mobilizing
mobility, and compression attention which may lead parents to observer signs of autism
and lead them to the theory that it was the vaccine caused the signs of autism. The most
prominent theory suggests that the simultaneous administration of multiple vaccines
overwhelms or weakens the immune system and creates an interaction with the nervous
system that triggers autism in a susceptible host (Gerber & Offit, 2009). No link with
autismnot to mercury, not to thimerosal, not to any vaccines, including the MMRhas
been found (Willingham & Helft, 2014). It goes to show that parents may let their
children receive the vaccine for measles without having to worry about the child being
diagnosed with autism down the road. There are many studies that scientist have
studied on children to prove that if a child receives the vaccine they will not be
diagnosed with autism. There is no linkage between the vaccine and autism. A child may
show a symptom of a fever or seizer, which may be a sign of autism but, According to the
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, most febrile seizures happen when a
child is sick rather than after a vaccination, though the MMR vaccine is associated with
a slightly increased risk for febrile seizures (Willingham & Helft. 2014) The cause of the
seizures may be because the children receive the vaccine, but it is mostly highly
doubtable because there are studies shown the vaccine has no intervene between the
disorder and the childrens signs of sickness.

What is the difference between Autism and Aspergers disorder?

The ongoing controversy over the distinction between autistic disorder and
Aspergers disorder is important to resolve because of the implication regarding an

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understanding of the aetiology prognosis the diagnostics and chemical practices relating
to these conditions (Macintosh & Dissanayake). Aspersers and Autism may be similar
in many ways because they are both genetic disorders but differ in language
development, and Aspergers is a milder disorder case. Carol Felix believes at first
parents may think their child has autism but then they check with a specialist and they
can aspergers which I a mild case of autism (Personal communications, March 31,
2015). What distinguishes Aspergers Disorder from classic autism it is less
severe symptoms and the absence of language delays. Children with Aspergers Disorder
may be only mildly affected, and they frequently have good language and cognitive
skills. Carol Felix also claims that when you deal with a kid with aspergers the person
must have patience for the kid to complete their sentence or their idea across. It takes
time to adjust to a kid with aspergers because they can become delicate to social
interactions, sarcasm, and dangerous situations. (Personal communication, March 31,
2015). To the untrained observer, a child with Aspergers Disorder may just seem like a
neurotypical child behaving differently (Autism Society, n.d). Aspergers is more antisocial, they try to fit in and they cant. They show no emotion, and lack of empathy. It is
hard for them to understand sarcasm, and take every word literally. Autistic kids
struggle with language, but kids with aspergers dont have delay in language, they either
have great speech, but they might bunch up their words or put their sentence in the
incorrect order. Speech patterns may be unusual, lack inflection or have a rhythmic
nature, or may be formal, but too loud or high-pitched. Children with Aspergers
Disorder may not understand the subtleties of language, such as irony and humor, or
they may not understand the give-and-take nature of a conversation (Autism society.
n.d). Another difference between Autism and Aspergers is that a child with Autism has

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a less intelligent mind, and a child with Aspergers has a mind of structure and
intelligence. While some individuals with autism have intellectual disabilities, by
definition, a person with Aspergers Disorder cannot have a clinically significant
cognitive delay, and most possess average to above average intelligence (Autism society,
n.d). People with Aspergers may have a disorder and have a slow process of learning
skills, but the quote explains that they can still have knowledge that every average
person has rather than people with autism which have a less intelligent mind.
Autism and Aspergers differences in leaning skills, social communication,
senses and language. Figure 1

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Marilyn, Monteiro. (2014). Aspergers Syndrome, Autism, or PDD-NOS? Retrieved from:

http://www.docstoc.com/docs/32525464/Asperger?s-Syndrome-Autism-or-PDD-NOS-A-quickreference-chart-to-help-distinguish-between-the-t

How is Autism Disorder Syndrome diagnosed?

The diagnosis of autism often is not made until 2 to 3 years after symptoms are
recognized, primarily because of concerns about labeling or incorrectly diagnosing the
child (P.A. Filipe et al, 2002). Not all kids are the same when it comes to the disorder
Autism; they are all special in their own ways making them unique. Every individual on
the autism spectrum has problems to some degree with social skills, empathy,
communication, and flexible behavior. But the level of disability and the combination of
symptoms varies tremendously from person to person (HelpGuide, n.d). The first signs
a parent can see developing in a child is when they reach about 6 months to about 18
months. Not having attention on motor skills or eye contact when his/her name is being
called. Even lack of empathy or emotion can be another sign. The autism spectrum
disorders are diagnosed based on the presence of multiple symptoms that disrupt your
childs ability to communicate, form relationships, explore, play, and learn (HelpGuide.
n.d). It takes time for a person to notice when a child has developed the disorder
because they can make false accusations. If you are concerned that your child has an
autism spectrum disorder and developmental screening confirms the risk, ask your
family doctor or pediatrician to refer you immediately to an autism specialist or team of
specialists for a comprehensive evaluation (HelpGuide. n.d). A child that is experiencing
any developmental issues or learning ability that add up to autism the parents should

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seek answers for a specialties instead of diagnosing their own child with theory.
Signs of Autism. Figure 2

Talk About Curing Autism. About Autism. (March 29, 2012). Retrieved March 31, 2015,
from: http://www.tacanow.org/about-autism/

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Conclusion:
In conclusion the data retrieved for this literature review can answer the three
questions regarding the understanding of autism. As time tells the rate of autism may
increase, but with early detection and treatment it might stop the rate of autism to
increase in the United States. There might be more questions that need answers, and
that is up to those that want to continue to go more into depth of the understanding of
autism.

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Reference
N.A., (n.d). Autism Spectrum Disorder. HelpGuide.org A Trusted Non-Profit Resource.
Retrieved from: http://www.helpguide.org/articles/autism/autism-spectrumdisorders.htm#top
N.A., (n.d). Aspergers Syndrome. Celebrating 50 years of support autism society. Retrieved
from: http://www.autism-society.org/what-is/aspergers-syndrome/
Filipek, A.D., Accardo, P.J., Ashwal, S., Baranek, G.T., Cook, E.H., Dawson, G Volkmar, F.R.
(2000). Practice parameter: Screening and diagnosis of autism. Report of the Quality
Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology
Society, vol.55. 4 468-479. Retrieved from: http://www.neurology.org/content/55/4/468.full
Gerber, Jeffrey. S., & Offit, Paul. A. (2009). Vaccines and Autism: A Tale of Shifting Hypotheses.
Vaccines Invited Article, n.a. Retrieved from:
http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/48/4/456.full.pdf+html
Macintosh, Kathleen. E., & Dissanayake, Cheryl. (2004). Annotation: The similarities and
differences between autistic disorder and Aspergers disorder: a review of the empirical
evidence. A journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45:3. Retrieved from:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00234.x/epdf
Marilyn, Monteiro. (2014). Aspergers Syndrome, Autism, or PDD-NOS? Retrieved from:
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/32525464/Asperger?s-Syndrome-Autism-or-PDD-NOS-Aquick-reference-chart-to-help-distinguish-between-the-t

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Szabo, L., (2012). Autism science moving stunningly fast. USA Today/News. Retrieved from:
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/story/2012-04-08/Autism-science-researchmoving-faster/54134028/1
Willingham, E, Helft, L., (2014). The Autism-Vaccine Myth. Nova. Retrieved from:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/autism-vaccine-myth.html