1

SIMPLIFIED GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Term

Definition

Term

Definition

vC

Name of person, place

object, indefinite action,
state of being etc.
A word confined in a
dimension of time.
A word without meaning
until something follows it.
Number (a property of both
ism & fil )
Singular

p p

Partly Flexible Ism

G
D
C D

Non-Flexible

pd
kl
ldC/kp
SN/S

Pair\t

Plural

pn
T
ECpC
p / o
E / H
opW / pV
p

Masculine

Common/ Indefinite

p
R
RC
EDF
ol
pD /p
DvC

Fully Flexible Ism

Feminine
Status
Doer/ Subject
Detail/ Object
After Of/ Possessive
Proper/ Definite

Heavy (present tense)

Heaviest (present tense)
Shape family
Indefinite Action

DF G
pd
oDzC vC
C oD
lOG
pGh
D
oD
E /
h
rW / hC
pC

kpW RR
lr RR
oDV pd

Pronoun/ Pronouns
Words from the Alladhee
family.

The Word before an OF. No Alif Laam +

Always Light
Word After OF. Always Jarr
The one being Described
The description or adjective (must match
mowsoof in all four properties & must come
after mowsoof)
Inna, Anna etc. force the ism after them to jar
form
The haadha, dhaalika words. (table in your
book)
The word after ism ul isharah that has AL
prefix.
The part before the is or are
The part after the is or are
Past Tense
Preset/ Future Tense
Light Present Tense, caused generally by an,
lan, kay, idhan.
The Lightest present tense, caused generally by
in, lam, lamma, laam, laa of forbidding,
and a conditional statement.
Command. Must be lightest without the taa
beginning from 2nd person present tense.
Forbidding. Must be lightest weight 2nd person
with a laa before it.
Fils that are three letter words in the past tense
hua conjugation.
Words that are more than three letter words in
the past tense hua conjugation.
A harf that forces the ism after it to jar.

1. I was eating too much chocolate.

2. My teeth began aching.
3. My dentist game me a root canal.

EC volC lDv
EC volC lDv
volC EC lDv
volC EC lDv
EC lDv volC
volClDv E
C
(SUBJECT) DOER OF THE ACT = p / o
(OBJECT) DETAIL OF THE ACT = E / H
(POSSESSIVE) AFTER AN OF = opW / pV
2

Form of Irab Shortcuts:

Doer of the act = Raf (R)
Detail of the act = Nasb (N)
After an OF = Jarr (J)

Raf Recognition:

(u) or

(un) ending for singular

A (aa) or A (aani) ending for pair

(oo) or (oona) ending for plural
Nasb Recognition:

(a) or

(an) ending for singular

(ay) or

(ayni) ending for pair

(eena) ending for plural

(ee) or

Jarr Recognition:
(i) or

(in) ending for singular

(ay) or

(ayni) ending for pair

(eena) ending for plural

(ee) or

IRAB

LIGHT OR HEAVY?
l
>=
k

b U
=
=
O
F^
=
G
>E
>EU
P

M
V

>
=b = =
Ef =

N=
>N M
=E ?
E f =

b >]

MASCULINE

FEMININE

s Ds s
s s J s
s s \ s
ODs
DQs s
\ODs Qs s
\ODs Qs \s

BROKEN PLURAL

E
DE
\E
6

J
\

What is the Irab of the word in blue?

Tell Whether The Word is Raf, Nasb, or Jarr

FULLY, PARTLY OR NON-FLEXIBLE?

H
>J
=
THE BOOK

h h =
THE ONE WITH AUTHORITY

g
FLATTERY

>r^
SINCERELY, A SINCERE PERSON

f A
THE LINEAGE OR DESCENDANTS OF FIROWN

uf
THE ONES WHO IGNORE

a A
ADAM

=fE C A
THE DESCENDANTS OF IBRAHIM

=f A
THE DESCENDANTS OF IMRAN

f
MARYAM

>f g
ZAKARIYYA

10

Using the translation as a clue, tell whether any of the words is partly flexible:
The sons of Israel.

The progeny of Firown.

The nation of Ibrahim.

The establisher of the prayer

The reward of the workers.

By the belly of Makkah.

The people of the book.

The destroyers of the people of this

town
The people of Yathrib.

The nation of Yunus.

10

For the people.

11

The love of desires

12

And isnt Allah the one who know

best?
Without any support

13

Gardens of Eden.

15

The nation of Firown, do they refuse

to be conscious of me?

16

14

10

11

GENDER

11

12

FEMININE BECAUSE THE ARABS SAID SO

During a , a soldier was
daydreaming looking at a in the
until the came up. When he
snapped out of it, he realized he is the
only left on the battlefield
surrounded by , so he used a full
of water to make a

all the way to

safer . In the hot blowing he

was desperately looking for a to
draw water from. In his search, he finds
an empty inside which he finds a
full of . He is tempted despite his
fear of to take a sip but wards off
his temptation and uses his to strike
the drink.
12

13

BROKEN PLURALS: Tell The Number & Gender of the Word

E
i

e>rE ?
H
=d
> j
=
L
>
q

E >q?
=b m

e >RV
=
l
>=
L
>Q

T
=g ?
>i

13

14

Tell the Number, Gender and Status:

14

15

Tell the Number, Gender and Status of eacher:

L
=>j
=

=
I ?f =

J B{
A

JM =
>j=
>J =
Ef =
e c
I >E
L
>A

J
>JQ
L
>j
=
>R
E

15

16

TYPE

16

17

Are the following Common or Proper?

The Prayers
The Middle, The balanced, The Excellent
Strange
People
This
Your Lord
His Permission
The Promise of Allah
Drink
He
The one who
The Signs
For a nation
Zakariyya
Oh Lord
This Qur

17

18

PRONOUN ASSOCIATIONS

D
D

Nasb (attached at the end)

Jarr (attached at the end)

D
D
D

D
D

Nasb (attached at the end)

Jarr (attached at the end)

QE DQE RE

D
D

Nasb (attached at the end)

Jarr (attached at the end)

QE DQE RE

D
D

DE

D
D

18

Nasb (attached at the end)

Jarr (attached at the end)

Nasb (attached at the end)

*Jarr (attached at the end)

19

The Primary Rules for Idhafah

1.

Mudhaf must be
a. Light
b. Without Alif Laam

2.

Mudhaf Ilaih Must be

a. Jarr

3.

The Basic Types of Idhafah are:

a. Typical: of in translation.
b. Pronoun: Attached to an Ism.
c. Special Mudhafs

4.

The Mudhaf:
a. Determines 3 properties.
b. Type is dictated by Mudhaf Ilaih

5.

Nothing may come between the two.

19

20

3 TYPES OF IDHAFAH
There are many types of Idhafah constructions. The three most important ones to note
are the ones we covered in this course. The rest of them are self evident and one need not
get into unnecessary technicalities for a beginners course. Students must be strong in
their ability to recognize a mudhaf + mudhaf Ilaih situation. The best way to do that is to
know these three types of Idhafah well.
Type 1: Conventional Mudhaf + Mudhaf Ilaih

Two isms coming together to produce the meanings The _M_ of M.I..
Here are some English examples with their Arabic Equivalent:
The House of Allah.

C PF

The Prayers of the Prophet.

vpC MC

The Deeds of the Companions.

The Example of a Mosquito.

FDeC D

F S

Type 2: Special Mudhaf + Regular Mudhaf Ilaih

This construction, though an idhafah does not necessarily produce the of meaning. The
following are commonly used special mudhafs.

Type 3: Mudhaf + Attached Pronouns.

Whenever an ism is attached to a pronoun, that ism acts as a mudhaf and the attached
pronoun as the mudhaf Ilaih. Though the attached pronouns dont look like the
singular, pair or plural jarr that we are used to identifying from our Ism table, they are
still jarr which is why they are studied separately.

; GO ;DGO ;`GO
;GO ;DGO ;DGO
; GO ;DGO ;GO
;GO ;DGO ;GO
etc.
20

21

Idhafah Recognition Drill:

Tell whether each is an instance of Idhafah or not.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

21

22

IDHAFA WITH PRONOUNS: FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH PRONOUNS.

j
?

______ selves.
____________ rebellion.

__________ glitter.

>f ]
g
Q

__________faces.

>f ?

___________command.

____________ nation.
_____________ family or people or dwellers.

> ?
a bU

_______________ boundaries.

>

_______________ place.

> N E

With _________ example or likeness.

Then for ____________ mother.

___________ family.

=bU
C

One of _____________.
_______________ associates.

Bf m

_______________ marriage gifts.

I >b q

______________ action or work.

E e

_______________ lord.

22

23

SPECIAL IDHAFAH: FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH CORERCT MEANINGS

__________ the right/ justification / truth/ evidence.

__________ all of you.
__________ them.
__________ two women.
_______________ them.
_____________ you all.
__________________ us.
__________________ them.
_________________ two sisters.
__________________ that for you all.
_________________ own behalf.
_________________ the obligation.
_________________ that.
_________________ have.
_________________ her / it.
___________________ the tree.
___________________ both of them.

23

24

The Primary Rules for Mowsoof + Sifah

1.

Mowsoof must be
a. First
b. Only One

2.

Sifah
a.
b.
c.
d.

is the same as Mowsoof in 4 properties

is after the Mowsoof
may be more than one
may not be right after mowsoof

24

25

Tell whether each is an instance of Mowsoof + Sifah or not.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

25

26

IS A MOWSOOF + SIFAH IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING?

26

27

HUROOF OF JARR IN THE QURAN

With the believers. (With, because of, by, at, in
etc.)
They said, By Allah!
There actions are like ashes which the wind
blows fiercely on a stormy day.

And for you. The

confused with this

of emphasis should never be

because this is the only one that

forces to Jarr.

(I swear) By the fleeting passage of time!

Shouldnt be confused with

eaning and.

From amongst yourselves

In just retribution there is life
They ask you regarding the spoils of war
And upon Allah the believers should place their
complete trust. (On, against, mandatory on, over
and upon)
Until the rise of dawn
Until a time (3 times in Quran)
It (the Quran) guides towards what is right.

27

28

HUROOF OF NASB
Certainly Allah is

That they are / That certainly they are

As though there is deafness in his ear (literally
barrier)
Woe is me! If only I didnt take so-and-so for a
friend!

On the contrary righteousness is

So that you may be grateful.

28

29

Sentence Vs. Fragment Drill:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

29

30

POINTING WORDS ASSOCIATIONS

Cl Cl

Cl
Cl

Nasb

DPD l

FEM.
NEAR

l
l

MASC.
NEAR

l
l

Nasb

E Ck k

MASC.
FAR

E
E

PD
PD

Jarr

k
k

Nasb

E DP P

FEM.
FAR

E
E

k
k

Jarr

P
P

P
P

Jarr

Nasb
Jarr

If the word after any of these has AL, it becomes a

fragment like This book. If the word after does not
have AL it becomes a sentence like This is a book.

30

31

The primary rules for Jumlah Ismiyah

1.

Try to analyze cause and effect between every

consecutive word based on the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Mudhaf + Mudhaf Ilaih

Mowsoof + Sifah
Harf of Jarr + its victim
Harf of Nasb + its victim
Ismul Isharah + Musharun Ilaih

At any point in your analysis if you are unable

to establish cause and effect, place an is or an
am or an are in the translation.
2.
3.

The part before the is is called Mubtada

The part after is called Khabar.

31

32

Draw a line where the part before the is ends and the part after the is begins.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

32

33

Plural

Pair

Singular

Cp

Cp

They helped.

They (2) helped.

They helped (f).

He helped.

DNp

They (2) helped (f).

OC

Np
You all helped.

Np

We helped

AT

PC

PAUSE+ TA

PC

PAUSE+ TI

DC

PAUSE+ TU

PAUSE+ NAA

Masculine 2nd Person

PC

Feminine 2nd Person

You helped.

DNp

Dp

PC

Mp

DOC
You two helped.

Feminine 3rd Person

She helped.

DNp
You two helped.

Mp

DOC

OC

Masculine 3rd Person

You all helped (f).

Mp
You helped (f).

Mp
I helped.

etc.

33

DC

1st Person

34

WHAT PRONOUN IS BEHIND EACH PAST TENSE?

34

35

WHAT PRONOUN IS BEHIND EACH PAST TENSE?

35

36

Translate accurately based on the English clues

To destroy

> ?

>Q

K
M

>

To come
To become heavy
To settle (someone else)
To forbid

To throw out

J ?

FI

To follow

l
i

To whisper evil suggestions

> i
>

To swear to someone

8
9

>=c

10

To wrong

>

11

To expel

T
f ]
?

12

To taste

To do

13

f ?

To command

14

To make illegal / forbid

f U

15

To come

>Q

16

=fF Ji

To lie against
To be arrogant

36

=Ed

17

37

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE PRONOUNS.

__________ created _________.

__________ gave _____________ life.

>U
@

__________ fashioned _____________.

=j

__________ made _____________.

> Q

And _______________ came to ________________.

I >Q

Then ________________ made ______________.

>> R

__________________ understood _______________.

Then _________________slaughtered______________.

>VE d

_________________touched______________.

Jj

__________________ gave _________________.

>I A

_________________ wronged _______________.

>

_________________ seized _______________.

Id]@

_________________ rescued _______________.

>R

_________________ favored _______________.

J v

_________________ expelled _______________.

>Qf]@

___________________ taught ______________.

>J

___________________ brought before ______________.

37

u
f

38

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE PRONOUNS.

__________ enables or facilitates travel for _________.

f j

__________ gave _____________ life.

>U
@

__________ fashioned _____________.

=j

__________ made _____________.

> Q

And _______________ came to ________________.

I >Q

Then ________________ made ______________.

>> R

__________________ understood _______________.

Then _________________slaughtered______________.

> VE d

_________________touched______________.

Jj

__________________ gave _________________.

>I A

_________________ wronged _______________.

>

_________________ seized _______________.

Id]@

_________________ rescued _______________.

>R

_________________ favored _______________.

J v

_________________ expelled _______________.

>Qf]@

___________________ taught ______________.

>J

___________________ brought before ______________.

38

u
f

39

PRESENT TENSE
V

They help.

You all help (f).

CpN

CpN

pN

CpN

HD pn

Masculine 3rd Person

HD T

Feminine 3rd Person

She helps.

DOC

pN

You two help.

OC

He helps.

They (2) help (f).

OC

You all help.

pN

They (2) help.

They help (f).

pN

Cp

kp

PC

pDdpn

Masculine 2nd Person

You help.

DOC

pN

You two help (f).

PC

pDdT

Feminine 2nd Person

You help (f).

DC

pC

1st Person

I help.

We help

Some Shortcuts:
YA Beginning = Someone Whos Not Here (3rd Person, i.e. he, she, they etc.)
The Present Tense for She and You (m) is the same.
OONA was used in Ism study to show plural. It does the same thing here.
AANI was used in Ism study to show pair. It does the same thing here.

39

40

Translate accurately based on the English clues

f d I

To remember

To wrong

II

To live and To die

V
I

f I

To see (someone else)

To say

I
aI

To return

G
V

To love

6
7

Fj
V

To assume

3
4

f @

To command

8
9

To explain

10

To understand

11

f]
@Jj

12

b Jj

To delay and To advance (make early)

13

To reach

>

14

To call

b I

15

To narrate

To know

16

]
b

To enter

40

17

41

PRESENT TENSE: FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE PRONOUNS.

_______________ commit(s) _________.

> >I @

__________ advise (s) or sermon(s) _____________ .

Are/ Is __________ taking _____________?

d]
@I ?
b

__________ own behalf.

Then _______________ return(s) ________________.
And ________________ guide(s) ______________.

>a f

b

____________ attack(s) or afflict (s) or test(s) ___________.

_________________has (ve) in store for ______________.

_________________multiply(s) ______________.

> >v

__________________ throw(s) / cast(s)_________________.

_________________ will certainly show _______________.

_________________ give(s) _______________.

_________________ provide(s) _______________.
_________________ return (s) _______________.
_________________ take(s) _______________ in full.

I
gf
b

> J

___________________ gather(s) ______________.

f n
V

___________________ inform(s) ______________.

41

42

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE PRONOUNS.

__________ appoint(s).
__________ gave _____________ life.
________________ command (s) people towards
good.
__________ assume(s) that they are to meet their
Lord.
_________ will never accept your demand.
_______take(s).
________________please(s) the viewers.
_________________ask or plea
_________________eat (s) the wealth of the orphans.
__________________ dont (doesnt) know.
_________________ bequest(s) or leave(s) a will.
_________________ come(s) or commit (s)
Should _________________ tell you all?
_________________ hide(s) or cover(s).
_________________ alone accept(s) their repentence.
How can ____________ be?
And _____________ explain(s) the ayaat.

42

43

Is the Present Tense Normal, Light or Lightest?

= I
=e >J
= I

]
b
=I
=rU
?
I

I
=bR
j

=f I ?
> J
>F
@j

f i

=d I

43

44

ACTION WITHOUT TIME (ISM

MASDAR)

PRESENT FIL

PAST FIL

>iC

i
?

>I

=a>Q

b >R

b >Q

=fFI

f F J

f F I

DsP

DsQ

DsP

DLCnQG

KnQ

KnQG

ImDG

nG

=e>JiC

f Jj

f Ji
C

44

Amr
Recognition Drill:
45

Are the following commands?

To remember

To carve

To congratulate

To wrong

To bring out

To follow

To obey

To accept

To devote oneself, to prostrate, to bow

down

To make or to place

10

To understand

11

To delay and To advance (make early)

12

To narrate

13

To reach

14

To call

15

To know

16

To enter

17

45

46

Retracing Commands:
Can you retrace the fil back to its normal, non-commanding state?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

46

47

How have the following sentences been negated?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

47

48

21.
22.

23.

24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.

48

49

39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.

49

50

59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.

50

51

79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.

89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.

51

52

98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.

104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.

52

53

117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.

53

54

137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.

54

55

157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.

55

56

Retracing Commands:
Can you retrace the fil back to its normal, non-commanding state?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

56

57

Which bolded words are NOT from the Taleem family?

57

58

Quranic Examples of the TAKABBURAN family:

2:74
2:102
14:48
2:166
2:275
3:191
2:228

28:18
24:63
48:24
19:90
14:30
58:11

58

59

Which bolded words are NOT from the Mujaahadah family?

59

60

Which bolded words are NOT from the Islah family?

V =
I e d ?
a >^
=bj
I
V r


L
>u?

V
?

T
f ]
?
J
@j

f i

=d I

60