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Deber de Matemtica Superior

Nombre: ANDRES ENRIQUEZ

NRC: 1806
17 de noviembre de 2014

Matemtica Superior

Ingeniera Mecatrnica

Encuentre el radio de convergencia y el intervalo de convergencia de la serie de potencias.


Literal a.

P
(1)n
n=0

n+1

(x 4)n

Resolucin
(1)n+1



n+1

(1n+1 )(x 4)n+1 (n + 1)
(x

4)
(1)n
n+2

n

lm
(x 4) = lm (1)n
= lm
n n + 1
n
(1n )(n + 2)(x 4)n
(x 4)n n
n+1





n + 1
(1)(x 4)(n + 1)
= (x 4) lm

lm

n n + 2
n
n+2

Encontramos el radio de convergencia


(x 4) < 1

Donde su Radio = 1

1 < x 4 < 1

3<x<5

Vericamos el radio de convergencia

Con x=3

X
(1)n

n+1

n=0

(1) =

X
(1)2n
n=1

n+1

(1)2n
=0
n n + 1
lm

Con x=5

X
(1)n
n=0

n+1

(1) =

(1)n (1)n
=0
n
n+1
lm

I.C=[3,5]
Literal b.

P
2n+1
n=0

2n1

xn

X
(1)n (1)n
n=1

n+1

Matemtica Superior

Ingeniera Mecatrnica

Resolucin
2(n+1)+1 n+1

n+1


x (2n + 3)(2n 1)
2n + 1 n
2(n+1)1 (x)

x = lm 2n+1 n = lm
lm

n )(2n + 1)2
n
n 2n 1
n

(x
(x)
2n1




(2n + 3)(2n 1) 2
4(2n + 1)




lm
= x lm
n
n 4(2n + 1)

2n + 1

Encontramos el radio de convergencia


x<1

Donde su Radio = 1
1 < x < 1

Vericamos el radio de convergencia

Con x=-1

X
2n + 1
n=0

2n 1

(1)n

2n + 1
(1)n = 0
n 2n 1
lm

Con x=-1

X
2n + 1
n=0

2n 1

(1)n

2n + 1
(1)n = 0
n 2n 1
lm

I.C=[-1,1]
Literal c.

n
P
2
n=0

n!

xn

Resolucin
lmn

n+1

2
(n+1)!
(x)n+1
xn = lmn 2n n
n!
n! (x)

2n



(n+1n) 2(n+1n) n!
= lmn x

(n+1)!

Matemtica Superior

Ingeniera Mecatrnica


2xn!
= lmn (n+1)!

1

= 2x lmn n+1

Encontramos el radio de convergencia


2x < 1

x<

1
2

21 < x <

1
2

Donde su R =

1
2

Vericamos:
Con x = 12
n
P
2

n
P
2

P
1

n=0

n=0

n=0

( 12 )n =
n!

(2)n =
n!

lmn

Con x =

1
n!

n!

=0

1
2
n
P
2

n
P
2

n=0

n=0

n=0

( 1 )n =
n! 2

lmn

(2)n =
n!
1
n!

1
n!

=0

Literal d.

P
n=0

1
(x
n+2

+ 1)n

Resolucin

Criterio de D'Lamber

(x)n+1


(x + 1)n+1 (n + 2)
n+3
|
lm (x+1)
=
l
m
|

n
n
n (x + 1)n (n + 3)
n+2





(x + 1)(n + 2)
n + 2
= (x + 1) lm
=1
lm

n
n n + 3
n+3

Aplicamos otro criterio

Matemtica Superior

Ingeniera Mecatrnica

Criterio de Raabe
lm n 1

(x)n+1
n+3
(x+1)n
n+2


= (x + 1) lm n
n


(x + 1) lm

n
n+3

n+3n2
n+3


=1

Aplicamos otro criterio

Criterio de Pringsheim
lm nan = 0 La serie Converge

n
=1
n n + 2
lm

La serie Diverge
Literal e.

P
n=0

1n
(x
4n (n+2)

+ 4)2n+1

Resolucin


(1)n+1


2(n+1)+1
(x
+
4)


(1)n+1 4n (x + 4)(2n+1)+2 (n + 2)
1
4n+1 (n+3)
2n+1




lm
(x+4)
= lm
lm
= n

(1)n
n (x + 4)2n+1 (n + 3)
2n+1
n 4n (n + 2)
n
4(1)
(x
+
4)
4n (n+2)





(x + 4)2 (n + 2) (x + 4)2
n + 2
=

lm
lm

n n + 3
n
4(n + 3)
4
n

Encontramos el radio de convergencia


(x + 4)2
<1
4

(x + 4)2 < 22

= x + 4 < 2

2 < x + 4 < 2

Vericamos el radio de convergencia

Donde su Radio = 2

6 < x < 2

Matemtica Superior

Ingeniera Mecatrnica

Con x=-6

X
1n (2)n+1
n=0

4n (n + 2)

X
1n (1,2)2n (2)

22n (n + 2)

n=0

X
13n+1 (2)
n=0

n+2

13n+1 (2)
=0
n
n+2
lm

Con x=-2

X
1n (2)n+1
n=0

4n (n + 2)

X
1n (2)2n+1

22n (n + 2)

n=0

X
2(1n )(2)
n=0

n+2

2(1n )(2)
=0
n
n+2
lm

I.C=[-6,-2]
Literal f.

P
n=0

3n
(2n)!

x2n

Resolucin

lim |

3n+1 x2(n+1) (2n)!


[2(n+1)]! 3n x2n

3x2 lim |
n

| = lim |

31 x2n+2 (2n)!
(2n+2)! x2n

n
(2n)!
|
(2n+2)(2n+1)(2n)!

| = lim |
n

= 3x2 lim |
n

3x2 (2n)!
(2n+2)! 1

1
|
(2n+2)(2n+1)

Radio de Convergencia:
3x2 <1
x2 < 13
|x|< 13
Entonces el Radio es:
13 <x < 13
Evaluando extremos de los limites de convergencia.

Cuando x =

13

1
3

| = 3x2 lim |
n

= 0 converge

(2n)!
|
(2n+2)!

Matemtica Superior

Ingeniera Mecatrnica

3n
(2n)!

n=0

13

2n

2n+2
2n
(2n)!
13
3 |
n
3
n
2n2
2n
3
3
lim | (2n+2)!
(2n)! 3 |
n
2
3(2n)!
3 |
lim | (2n+2)(2n+1)(2n)!
lim |

3n+1
(2n+2)!

lim |

3
(2n+2)(2n+1)!

|= 0 converge

1
Cuando x =

P
n=0

3n
(2n)!

1
3

2n

2n
3 |
n


2n
2n2
3
lim | (2n+2)!
3
3 |
(2n)!
n
2
3(2n)!
3 |
lim | (2n+2)(2n+1)(2n)!
lim |

3n+1
(2n+2)!

1
3

2n+2

lim |

3
(2n+2)(2n+1)!

(2n)!
3n

|= 0 converge

El intervalo es:
13 x 13

Literal g.

n 2 xn

n=0

Resolucion:




(n + 1)2 xn+1
n2 + 2n + 1




lim
= |x| lim
= |x|
2
n
2
n
n



nx
n

convergencia:
|x| < 1
1 < x < 1

Evaluando extremos del interbalo hallado:


Cuando x = -1

Matemtica Superior

Ingeniera Mecatrnica

(1)n n2
n=0!#
"
"
!#
(1)n+1 (n + 1)2
(1) (n + 1)2
lim n 1
= lim n 1
n
n
(1) n2
n2
"
#
2n2 + 2n + 1
lim
= ; no se puede determinar la convergencia en x = 1
n
n

Cuando x = 1

n2

n=0

"

(n + 1)2
lim n 1
n
n2
"
lim

!#

#
2n 1
= 2 ; la serie es divergente en el punto x = 1
n
radio de convergencia: ] 1; 1[

Literal h.

P  n2 3n 
n=0

n2 +4

xn

Resolucion:




lmn an+1
an


((n+1)2 3(n+1))xn+1 n2 +4
. 2
lmn
2
n
(n+1)
2+4 2 (n 3n)x


n)(n +4)x
=lmn (n(n
2 +2n5)(n2 3n)


3 n2 +4n4
=|x| lmn nn3 3n
2 n15
|x| < 1

r=1

-1<x<1
Intervalo de convergencia



2
n
lmn nn23n
x
6 0
==
+4

En ambos casos es divergente. En suma, el dominio de la funcin es:


(0,1)={x : |x| < 1}
Literal i.

P
n=5

(1)n
(x
8n (n4)

3)3n

Resolucin

Matemtica Superior

Ingeniera Mecatrnica
lmn

(1)n
8n (n4)



(1)n+1 (x3)3n+3
n+1


(n3)
= lmn 8 (1)
n

8n (n4) (x3)3n

(x 3)3n



n+1n (n4)(x3)3n+33n

= lmn (1) 8n+1n

(n3)


3

= lmn (1)(n4)(x3)

8(n3)
(x3)3
8




lmn n4
n3

Encontramos el radio de convergencia:


(x3)3
8

<1
Donde R = 1
(x3)3
(x8)
1 < 8 < 1
1
3
8 < (x 3) < 8
elevado 3
2 < x 3 < 2
(+3)
1<x<5

Vericamos:
Con x = 1

P
n=5

(1)n
8n (n4)

(2)3n =

P
n=5

lmn

(1)n
23n (n4)

(1)4n
n4

(2)3n =

P
(1)4n
n=5

n4

=0

Con x = 5

P
n=5

(1)n
(2)3n
8n (n4)

P
n=5

(1)n
(2)3n
23n (n4)

lmn
Literal j.

P
ln(n)
n=0

(x)n

Resolucin

(1)n (1)3n
n4

=0

P
(1)n (1)3n
n=5

n4

Matemtica Superior

Ingeniera Mecatrnica
Aplicamos el criterio de la integral que nos dice:
Si f es positiva, continua y decreciente [2, [ y an = f (n)

Z
an

f (x)dx
0

n=0

convergen o divergen mutuamente

Z
0

ln(n)
dn
n

u = ln(u)
du =

1
dn
n

1
dn = dv
n
v = ln(n)
Z

Z
ln(n)
ln(n)
2
dn = ln (n)
dn
n
n
0
Z
ln(n)
2
dn = ln2 (n)
n
0

Z
0

ln(n)
dn = lm
b
n

Z
0

ln2 (n)
dn
2

ln2 (b) ln2 (2)

b
2
2
lm

=
La serie diverge
Literal k.

P
n=1


n+1 n
n

xn

Resolucin

lm

n+1
n

n




n
x = lm
n

n+2 n+1
n+1

n+1 n
n




(n + 2)n+1 xn+1 nn
(x)n+1

= lm
(x)n n (n + 1)n+1 (n + 1)n xn



n+1 
n
n+1 
n


n+2
n
n


n+2

lm x
= x lm

n
n n + 1
n+1
n+1
n+1

Matemtica Superior

Ingeniera Mecatrnica

Encontramos el radio de convergencia


x<1

Donde su Radio = 1

1 < x < 1

1 < x < 1

Vericamos el radio de convergencia


n

X
n+1

Con x=-1

n=0


lm

n+1
n

n

Con x=1


lm

(1)n

(1)n = e

n

X
n+1
n=0
n

n+1
n

(1)n

(1)n = e

I.C=[-1,1[
Literal l

P
n=0

(1)n
3n n2

(x-2)n

Resolucion:

lim |

(1)n+1 (x2)n+1
3n n2
3n+1 (n+1)2
(1)n (x2)n
2
lim | n 2 |
n 3(n+1)

(x-2)

= (x-2)

(x-2) lim |
n

2
n2
n
3n2
+ 6n2 + 32
n2
n
n

(1)1 (x2) n2
3(n+1)2 1
n
n2
lim |
2|
n 3(n+1)

| = lim |

= (x-2)

| = (x-2) lim | 3+ 1
6
+
n

3
n2

(1)(x2)(n2 )
3(n+1)2
n
n2
lim | 2
|
n 3n +6n+3

| = lim |

|= 13 converge

Radio de Convergencia
(x-2) <1;
entonces el radio de convergencia es 1
-1 <x - 2 <1
1 <x <3
10

Matemtica Superior

Ingeniera Mecatrnica

Evaluando los extremos del intervalo hallado.


Cuando x = 1

(1)n
3n n2

(-1)n

n=0
n n2
(1)n+1 (1)n+1
lim | 3n+1 (n+1)2 (1)3n (1)
n
n
2n+2
n
2
(1)
3 n
|
lim | n+1
(n+1)2 (1)2n
n 3
2 2
lim | (1) n2 |
n 3(n+1)
n2
lim | 3(n+1)
2|
n
2
|
lim | 2 n
n 3n +6n+3

lim |

n2
n2
3n2
6n
+
+ 32
n2
n2
n

n
lim | 3+ 61+ 3
n
2
n
n

|= 13 converge

Cuando x = 3

lim |

(1)n
3n n2

(1)n

n=0
(1)n+1 (1)n+1
3n n2
3n+1 (n+1)2 (1)n (1)n
2
lim | (1)(1)n
2 |
3(n+1)
n
2
lim | n 2 |
n 3(n+1)
2
lim | 2n |
n 3n +6n+3

lim | 3n2

n2

n
6n
+
+ 32
n2
n2
n

n
lim | 1
6
3
n 3+ n + 2
n

|= 13 converge

El intervalo es:
1x3

Literal m.

P
n=0

23 (x 52 )n

Resolucion

11

Matemtica Superior

Ingeniera Mecatrnica

Criterio de D'Lamber

"
lm

n+1 

n


5 n+1
2
n
52

x
x


3 3
5
|(x )| lm =
2 n 2
2

La serie diverge
Literal n.

n
P
e
n=0

n!

xn+2

Resolucin

en+1


n+1 n+3
n+3

(x)
e x n!
en n+2
(n+1)!


x
= lm en n+2 = lm n n+2
lm

n
n n!
n e x

(n
+
1)!
(x)
n!




1
exn!
= ex lm

lm
n n + 1
n n!(n + 1)

Encontramos el radio de convergencia


ex < 1

x<

1
e

Donde su Radio =

1
e

1
1
<x<
e
e

Vericamos el radio de convergencia

Con x=-1/e

X
en 1 n+2 X en (1)n+2 X 1n+2
( )
=
=
=
n en
n!
e
n!e
e2 n!
n=0
n=0
n=0

1n+2
=0
n e2 n!
lm

Con x=1/e

X
en 1 n+2 X en (1)n+2 X 1n+2
=
=
( )
=
n en
n!
e
n!e
e2 n!
n=0
n=0
n=0

1n+2
=0
n e2 n!
lm

12

Matemtica Superior

Ingeniera Mecatrnica

I.C=

1 1
, ]
e e

Literal o.

P
n=1

(2n)!
(n!)2

(x)n

Resolucion:
lim |

[2(n+1)]!xn+1 [(n)!]2
(2n)!xn
[(n+1)!]2

lim |

(2n+2)!xn+1 [(n)!]2
[(n+1)!]2 (2n)!xn

| = lim |
n

(2n+2)(2n+1)(x)
|
(n+12

= x lim |

4n2 +6n+2
|
2
n n +2n+1

4n2
+ 6n2 + 22
n2
n
n
2
+ 2n2 + 12
n n
2
n
n
n
6
4+ n
+ 22
n
2
1+ n
+ 12
n

x lim |
x lim |

| = lim |

(2n+2)(2n+1)(2n)!(x) [(n)!]2
(2n)!
[(n+1)]2 [(n)]2

= x lim |
n

4n2 +6n+2
n2
n2 +2n+1
n2

|= 4 diverge

como esta serie diverge no posee radio de convergencia ni intenrvalo de convergencia.

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