The. of Engineerit fon oneae Engineeting Wisconsin Electric Machines and Power Electronics Consortium RESEARCH REPORT 90-3 ANEW FNFRGY RECOVERY SCHEME Fon DOUDLY FED, VARIABLE SPEED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES Liao Fan, Sheng Ji, and T.A. Lipo Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng. University of Wisconsin-Madison 1415 Johnson Drive Madison, WI 53706-1691 WEMPEC Department of Electical and Computer Engineering 1415 Jotason Drive ‘Madison, Wisconsin 63706 © February 1990 ConfidentialA New Energy Recovery Scheme for Doubly Fed, Variable Speed Induction Motor Drives Liao Fan, Sheng Ji and TA. Lig Deoanment of Flecncal i ptr Roginsring Chivers ‘of Wisconsin Madison 141 Johnson Drive Madison, WI'S3706, USA ‘Atotraxts 3yeea contol oF wuna Foe Induction motors with Slip-power feedback wo the supply utlzingn converter cascade 1 used in many indusrial applications equting high power over & relatively narrow speed range. At the rotor voltage i ypesliy ower than the supply voltage due to the narrows renee ht clip Arqueney.'a step-up transformer must Be inserted between Ihe ISG sani dr ingrove owe crane line harmonics. In this paper new concept is prevealed which eliminates the need forthe transformer by feeding back sip power {o he snr wining directly. The selection of eedbnck etne the Stator wining, the equivalent ceuit andthe main partes of this sytem are discussed. ‘Test rests ona wound flor ndcton ‘motor are shown whic indicate tha this system also as accep performance in adton to is potent for lower cost Introduction In secent year ive sens hve been progressively wed ‘na wide varity of industrial production and has srtured place ‘over de drives 1s the dive system of choice. Among thee ne Syste, Speed contol of wound rotor Heaton oe ong t tended convene comes oid we nigh pone apeatins Tequiing a elaively narrow sped ang. In general mex present lay systems ute the sae Seherbivs arrangement fo feed back {he npr tae spy Sock senor pees Coen Bee eberecronott and supeivnchronoge “operation felerences 13] ae representative ofthe two typical slip power feedback etbods empayedin een yeas. Ase ot volage ‘play owe tan te ply woos dhe uray geo Sp tency a cpu unser Soa be sce Seweee invenerandtoppiyin foc schemes rest improvepowes facet and reduce the lie harmonies. "Clearly the cimination ofthis transfrmes would su ina subtntl cos saving Tnrefeence [4] feedback method 1 Dfonosed which involves feeding the ip pow to's separate tasty stor Siig y sea wartoner cone the wound rot However uilzation ofthe machine was relatively poor def tre ext windings which most be installed inthe machine. Ip SSuition the revene of the warsfornee as not china {esuling ina re complicted and cosy arrangement Aiea err eerie Hoe aor we {cenatura commotion, a new meth is proposed nis papet hereby feedback ofthe slip power tothe Sno wing tec oy means aps on te aioe wage Fence fence a up of soars comet pove om te roo hough the stator back othe sippy The pope feedback pelo te sor winding deterred om he opm ce ‘ole ofthe woend rotor and he act ped ew rng "inthis paper te selection of feedback point on We ator winding, the equivalent eet and te main parameters ofthis fystem ie discussed. Test results ona wound tor indocton ovr sown wich inate yn as fas aceple ncple of Opera The design of stor winding to achieve desirable races fr this machine isreltvelysaighforward. Thus, he vane eon Sima aa nee er ‘ately sili Acie isafing ts coney Soe a Fig 1. The concept of the energy feedback pepe cay te sine rm fundamental comonert sey sate cnsdetons From References (13) and Fp these nn Toad ek ‘olage telat othe rotor open cite vlage by Veg@ 245¥5g w ‘The voliage onthe de sie ofthe inverter canbe writen, Vg" 234 V,cosc "BAY ® ‘where. Vgo= open circuit voltage ofthe de lnk; Sperunt sip, ‘Veo open rotor voliage per phase a locked rotor, qq = average counter em. on the de side of 3:phase bridge invener ‘Vp = voluge atthe fedback point (see Fig. 1); a= firing angle, x20 Sx see, j esrae Sm SO apie [HO fap |= Fig.1 Variable speed doubly fed induction motor employing sli "ower feedback to star winding tps ° tis clear that if Vag>Va_ (assuming that the overlap angle and resistance drop is negleced) then the rotor can deliver slip Dower tothe stator winding, In practice the maximum firing angle Gnax must account for Iton includes a safety vale to avid faitre during inversion, In gener, cya. is about 150° to 1589. Machine Construction and Control Sostom romans mene Wi #2 wing was designed fram an existing 18 FIP, 120 V. 6 pole, 6 le ndacton ‘tour Teed Sere fis chines Pe Anes In nee achne te woe lr rein unchanged. Since he cen Tet atge Gee ltay Seas Senet OS ee ici pa wa lied wt Vi it oe te wing ‘were the open eit voltage coesponds Yo 30°V- In ode Tainain phase blanc, the stator was rewound as lap wound machine witha phar el offurcos, One of te four cols of atone td st was osm ihoon e ppomt "The cone system block diagram of the drive i a presente in Pig. For ie purpose of contig the sped at any Kon straighorwan double Closed op sangeet as era oped: ‘The commanded speed andthe mestured speed ae Summed, and then thoogh he speed Pl conor the enor meetsthe current feedback loop ata second summer, Finally, a Pl ‘curent controller was used withthe output pasied to te fring ‘eonuulter change the fing angle of prs wih chingea Te load. In addition, not shown, afe auxiliary means to lint the current during ta up. “The experimental wound rotor induction motor has been thoroughly tested under both the conventional Scherous scheme and the tapped stator winding arrangement. Figure 2 shows torque versus speed curves for the tapped winding approach using the inverter phase delay angle cas a parameter. Note thatthe entire ‘orgue speed curve cun be shifted to lower speeds in much he sae irate! he ScerbisSsam. Figer 3 sos bow rie ‘observed that when the Input powers hdental, the ope ones Sand the efficiency for the two feedback techniques are esentally the same, Hence elimination of he step transformer othe supp eat linia without apreciated of pertornrce ‘normal situation (tore roto) very por in compass 0 both Feedback techniques as expected. n Fig. 5 is shown the displacement power factor forthe same two selected phase delay ngles plotted a «function of per unit ip Its very ineresing 9 ‘SoSrvE tht tor tne Case or Teeaoack tine sated winding. Me Aisplacement power facior (cos) i the potions ofthe stator ‘winding at lower pote (. the "low potential stor winding”) and at higher potential (Le. the “high penal stator winding”) are ‘ery iferent om eacn oiner. nis result occurs since the current Flowing tothe Tow potent stator winding fom the inverter 32 very nearly in phase. It ean be observed, however, thatthe net poviet itor measured athe soppy input remains alos he sane iplecement power factor using feedback to We soply was ‘etal gly Neher thn wth eedbck to stator winding tp Figures Gand 7 compare input power forthe wo sere for \ypical operating condition coresponding to = 142.2". In Fi @Eomesponding te the Scherbur connection, note the cael, high value of input power to the sat winding. Sine al ofthe power, th power fed tack othe up, pase svouph the stator winding, the corresponding stator I2R. are ‘orcapondinghy Mahe Ia Fig the ensued ple for ue see taped sor gg congrats shown. hs cae hea power fed to the stator winding corresponds vo the power arriving From the stator terminal Pins pus the power fed back from the rotor, P. The sum ofthese power are indicated by adashed nein Fig 7. "The power absorbed by the stator enn be segregated nto "wo prs corresponding he powe in the hgh poet! stor winding and the low potential stator winding. ‘The power spre Rotor. ‘Torque (Ne) Rotor Speed (APM) Fig2 Torque versus speed characterises a a function of the inven delay angle o. a ooh eos U1 z <7 =eeo 0 SupBIY gos — teed 0 stator g & o2| oe 07 05 08 Input Power (Kw) Fig Tomue verus input power fortwo diferent inverter delay ing comparison of feedback method with Scherbius arangement (Teed back tothe Efficiency ‘feedback to stator tap feedback tos Rotor Speed (RPM) Fig. 4 Eificency vers input power fortwo diferent inverter delay angles @ showing comparison of feedback method ‘sing stator windings taps with the Serbs rangement. consumed bythe two portions of the sator winding ae indicated Hg 7, Ret the power aor ye low or nding takes a proportionately larger tent tel sor mindige Figure Jeu Te¢high) 88 show in Fig. 8. Tn comparison with the Scherius svangement,Igygh sles than the stator eurret forthe ease of the Scherbics machine The overall result isan efficiency in energy conversion for the two machines being nearly equal as shown in Fig. 4. Cleary, the efficiency of the tapped winding ‘machine contraction cold be considerably improved by altering the civ sectional areas ofthe fow potential and high potenti stator winding portions to be more compatible mith ihe eiferent values of curtet inthe two potions ofthe winding. In his ease,Pence Pensy ° ° FS Fundamental component poveratr con 8 fain of et anit slip. (a) Scherbius arrangement with sip pow cd back to the sunny. (8) new arangment with ay oer ‘eal Gack to ps on he stor winding ania? Power (Watts) & Per Unit Sip-S Fig.6 Power measured at various points ploted versus per unit + Sin forthe chet: orange see Stator windings Pewee acto he Spy Piped inpat power. () fficenies could be expected to exced te Serine aan Seeger ree arena eFED, for the two Feedback techniques Wican be bueno tree Supply current rotor current andthe inven feedback current have nearly the sae wave forms. The ciment Igy) flowing in te low potential stator winding has slightly mows hormone sorter tan ine current I lowing inthe stator ofthe Schrbios machine since the additonal transformer acts to filter « portion of the harmonies Figure 11 indicates that at selected satrotr tums ai of the mtr fo peso adn GU HIN ane en ae only can feed fo the stor winding sips Nghe hang oe value, Si, When the slips lower thn Syn the de k voltage Vio i 0 tow to deliver power tothe safe. Inthe 13 SiReipenial rotor used nthe sty the eden cope ane eee Se me sown in Berit ices Indicates te need o carefully select the tums rato ad ap posting {ora given variable speed applicason. ae 3 E wo é r “© eo = Paton) Per Unit Sip - Fig. 7 Power measured at various pins for invener delay angle Spu22 oud, vers pe ni pf the new rangement wih sip poser fed back ota onthe sr ‘winaing'" "Fy toal'yower fed othe stator winding, ago: over fed the porn of water winding atone Daa han the up Puig power sured by retin of statoe winding at poetil higher than the sage Res Py poner ewe ear wince ag +f: tal power fed to the satr winding, Py total input pat aeuaz" wl tar Taps 5 stow, t TA sents ee DHA sir Taps & 3 ; GAL = : (high), © 016? 03a 0s ser Per Unit Oy - 2 Fig, 6 Comparison of current in high potential and low potenti Porions of stator winding for ne arrangement ih the Bator current in winding of machine wits Scherey connection. Inver phase delay angle a = 142.2ue Ba ote Speoa (rw Fig: 1 Currents in the high and low potential portions of the Stator windings versus speed fr iferent ener Ting angles a. Dashed line shows the commu posed by insllicicn de ink valage, tion iit Conclusion sare sone ee wound rr ndcon ‘oor ilizing fed bck of he sip power ie nee win eas of at i shown ha ih a ea ea AE eperea Svea vey whe np eve ie reaching 078. As compared wih feedback Sipreeaes ook ‘Spl raen, pores parame k ies eiceny andthe power actor are soa ieee ees Eiibe Scharbasarangertor tae eee ee invert nd the power mais tan be chee lication and cost reduction ef the lee the torque-speed In otder to maintain the power factor of ionest vale, he inerc ng angle should be aca ea peed. Thus, the olor voltage a he ‘maximum sip Snax should be approximcly eqn the fea, Point volige of the stor winding. In the machine radi ac ‘ote was equipped with fur eosin ear pase ta ade ne was located tt the 1/4 potential point, Other tap locuoes sous out to determine cht analy ofthis ype future pape. Other voltage tap points coud ‘be obuined by varying the numberof tarna potent ore the phise belt andlor altering the numberof effective roe faa Since the currents lowevers in sone i tie several aps might be considered to improved the overall performance over a wide sped range References Hs Lantana ics, rots inhttion Motor Speed Control 1 SiS hve he Rone RE See, Contd ‘Apparatus ard Systems, No. 1966, {2} MS-Erlick,Invener Rotor Driv of a Induction Motor, CEE Tran. on” Power Anparais ant Syncnas RT? 158. (1A, Gordon, “A Curren-Source Inverter inthe Secondary ‘Gireuit of « Wound Rotor Induction Motor Provides Sus-and Supersynehronous Operation", IEEE Trans.on Inds Aplcaons, No.4, 1581 14) W, Shepherd and J. Stanway, “Slip Power Recovery Induction Motor by the Use » Tyree Reson, ‘ans. industry Applications, Not, 1969, (51M. Sakui and H.Fujita,"A Simplified Steady Site Analysis by Equivalent Circuit Method of Induction Moxos enka Rectifier in Rotor Circuit, Elects! Faginerny 10.0, 1980. [6] T.A.Lipo and D.W.Novety, "Dynamics and Conta of AC Drives", Class Notes, University of Wisconsin, 1986