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LI M U ....................................................................................................................... 5
CHNG 1: LP LUN KINH T K THUT ................................................................ 7
1.1. Tnh hnh sn xut nc mm Vit Nam ............................................................. 7
1.2. La chn a im xy dng nh my..................................................................... 8
1.2. Ngun cung cp nguyn liu .................................................................................... 9
1.2.1. C ....................................................................................................................... 9
1.2.2. Mui .................................................................................................................. 9
1.2.3. Enzyme ............................................................................................................... 9
1.3. in nc .................................................................................................................. 9
1.4. Giao thng vn ti ................................................................................................... 10
1.5. Ngun nhn lc ...................................................................................................... 10
1.6. Th trng tiu th ................................................................................................. 10
1.7. V sinh mi trng, x l nc thi ...................................................................... 10
CHNG 2: LA CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG NGH SN
XUT NC MM ........................................................................................................... 11
2.1. Nguyn liu ............................................................................................................ 11
2.2.1. C ..................................................................................................................... 11
2.1.2. Mui ................................................................................................................. 17
2.1.3. Enzyme ............................................................................................................. 19
2.2. Sn phm ................................................................................................................. 21
2.2.1. Thnh phn ha hc: ....................................................................................... 21
2.2.2. Thnh phn to hng ca nc mm............................................................. 22
2.2.3. Ch tiu sn phm............................................................................................. 28
2.3. La chn qui trnh cng ngh ................................................................................ 31
2.3.1. Phng php sn xut nc mm di ngy ..................................................... 31
2.3.2. Phng php sn xut nc mm ngn ngy ................................................. 35
2.4. Thuyt minh qui trnh cng ngh ......................................................................... 36
2.4.1. S dy chuyn cng ngh ............................................................................ 36
2.4.2. Thuyt minh qui trnh ....................................................................................... 37
CHNG 3: TNH CN BNG SN PHM ................................................................. 43
3.1. Lng m ton phn c trong 1 kg nguyn liu: ................................................ 43
3.2. Hm lng N thu c trong nc mm t 1 kg nguyn liu ............................. 43
3.3. Lng c cn dng trong qu trnh ch bin trong 1 nm................................... 44
3.4. Khi lng c cm cn ch bin chp gy hng ......................................... 44
3.5. Khi lng nguyn liu c tp dng ch bin chp ngn
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LI M U
Nc ta nm trn bn o ng Dng, pha ng v nam gip bin ng.
Do ng b bin di hn 3200 km v din tch thm lc a, lnh hi rng ln
to iu kin thun li cho ngnh khai thc thy sn pht trin. nc ta thuc vng
bin nhit i nn ngun ti nguyn a dng v phong ph. Theo d tnh s b, bin
Vit Nam c khong 2000 loi c, hin nay nhn dng c gn 1000 loi. Theo
s liu [1] cho bit tng tr lng c y vng bin Vit Nam khong 1,7 triu tn,
kh nng cho php khai thc hng nm 1,2 1,3 triu tn, tng tr lng c tng l
1,2 1,3 triu tn, kh nng cho php khai thc l 700 800 nghn tn. T cho
thy tim nng to ln ca thy sn nc ta do vic khai thc v s dng hp l,
hiu qu ngun ti nguyn ny l vn rt cn quan tm.
Hin nay, do c u t trang thit b hin i nh bt xa b nn sn
lng khai thc thy sn hng nm ngy cng tng. Nm 2008, sn lng khai thc
thy sn bin t 2136 nghn tn trong c chim 1605 nghn tn[16]. Nm 2009
sn lng khai thc thy sn c t 2 277 nghn tn trong c t 1 703 nghn
tn[16].
Ngh c trong nhn dn ta c t lu i, trong qu trnh khai thc do yu cu
bo qun nguyn liu, d tr thc thc phm lu di m ngnh lm nc mm ra
i.
Nc mm l mt loi nc chm quen thuc c a chung nht nc
ta v khng th thiu trong ba n hng ngy. Nc mm c gi tr dinh dng cao
( trong nc mm c cha 17 loi axit amin, vitamin B, PP v nhiu cht khong vi
v a lng khc)[5]. Nc mm hp dn ngi n bi hng v m , c trng
m khng mt loi sn phm no c th thay th c. c l v th m nhiu ngi
xa qu vn lun nh hng v nc mm qu nh.
Theo thng k, mi nm th trng Vit Nam cn hn 200 triu lt nc
mm. Vi hn 95% cc h gia nh nc ta s dng nc mm chm, p v
nu trong cc ba n hng ngy th y l th trng hp dn[11]. Do vy rt cn
c quan tm u t pht trin mnh ngnh ch bin nc mm.
Vi mong mun gp phn nh b ca mnh vo s pht trin ca ngnh sn
xut nc mm, em thc hin ti Thit k nh my sn xut nc mm nng
sut 5 triu lt/ nm, trong c 2 triu nc mm 20 gN/l v 2 triu lt nc
mm 15 gN/l v 1 triu lt nc mm 15 gN/l b sung st.
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1.2.1. C
C l ngun nguyn liu chnh sn xut nc mm. c c dng sn
xut nc mm thng l c nh, c gi tr kinh t thp nh: c cm, c nc, c lit,
c trng,chng thng c thu mua t cc tu thuyn i nh bt hoc t cc c
s thu mua c.
1.2.2. Mui
y l nguyn liu quan trng th 2 sau c. Mui c cho vo vi t l 2530% v n c tm quan trng quyt nh i vi cht lng nc mm. Mui trong
t nhin gm c mui m, mui ging, mui y h nc mn v mui b. Ngi
ta thng dng mui b ch bin nc mm. Din Chu l a phng sn xut
nhiu mui do vy mui c th c thu mua t cc ni trong huyn, nu thiu th
c th b sung t cc ni khc nh: Qunh Lu, Nghi Lc..
1.2.3. Enzyme
Cng ngh nc mm ngn ngy s dng ch phm enzyme protease Flavourzyme.
1.3. in nc
Ngun in ca nh my ly t h thng li in quc gia. Ngoi ra cn lp
t mt my pht in phng nga trng hp in gp s c.
Nc nh my ly t ngun nc ngm qua h thng x l nc ca nh
my m bo cht lng phc v cho sn xut v sinh hot.
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STT
Tn c
Tht c
u c
Vy vy
Ni tng
( %)
Xng
c( %)
(%)
( %)
( %)
Nhng
65,20
19,40
8,36
1,67
4,00
Mi
51,90
17,30
13,50
4,10
10,50
Nc s
55,80
22,90
10,08
3,82
5,60
Phn hai sc
49,40
22,30
13,90
9,65
5,00
Mi thng
53,10
19,10
10,70
5,67
9,70
a, Thnh phn ha hc ca c:
Thnh phn ha hc ca c khc nhau rt nhiu, ty tng loi v tng c c
th, ph thuc tui, ging, mi trng sng v ma v.
S bin i thnh phn ca c lin quan mt thit vi thc n m chng n,
vi s di c v bin i sinh dc lin quan n s sinh sn.
Bng 2.2. Thnh phn ha hc chnh ca c[14]
Thnh phn
Nc
protein
Lipit
Mui v c
Tht c
48 85,1
10,3 24,4
0,1 5,4
0,5 5,6
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Trng c
60 70
20 30
1 11
12
Gan c
40 75
8 -18
35
0,5 1,5
Da c
60 70
7 15
5 10
13
STT
Loi c
protein
lipit
Nc s
76,80
21,75
0,85
Mi thng
77,50
19,26
1,80
Trch
75,90
21,76
3,15
Phn hai sc
76,20
20,35
2,20
Ln ngn
79,30
19,03
1,21
Cm
75,14
11,25
2,10
Mi
76,66
9,37
1,14
Lp
81,84
10,00
1,40
Chun
76,17
9,75
7,5
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Acid amin
Sa
Tht b
Trng
Lysine
8,8
8,1
9,3
6,8
Tryptophan
1,0
1,6
1,1
1,9
Histidine
2,0
2,6
3,8
2,2
Phenylalanine
3,9
5,3
4,5
5,4
Leucine
8,4
10,2
8,2
8,4
Isoleucine
6,0
7,2
5,2
7,1
Threonine
4,6
4,4
4,2
5,5
Methionine-cystine
4,0
4,3
2,9
3,3
Valine
6,0
7,6
5,0
8,1
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2.1.2. Mui
Mui l nguyn liu qua trng th hai sau c, khng c mui th khng th
to thnh nc mm. Do nguyn liu mui cng phi c quan tm ng mc.
Thnh phn ha hc ca mui cng s nh hng ti cht lng mi v ca nc
mm. Nhn chung mui n c tc dng km hm s pht trin ca vi sinh vt v
enzyme. Trong ch bin nc mm, ta s dng mui n khng ch hot ng ca
vi sinh vt gy thi ra.
Theo TCVN 3974 84 mui n phi m bo tiu chun sau:
Hng
Ch tiu
Ch 1. Mu sc
tiu
cm
quan
2. Mi v
Thng
hng
Hng 1
Hng 2
Trng
trong,
trng
Trng, nh Trng
xm, nh xm,
vng, nh trng nu
hng
- khng mi
- dung dch mui 5% c v mn
thun khit, khng c v l
3. Dng bn ngoi v c ht
- kh ro, sch
- c ht 1 15 mm
Ch
tiu
ha
l
95,00
93,00
0,40
0,80
10,00
10,50
0,45
0,55
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0,30
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hn
Mg2+
0,40
0,70
1,00
SO42-
1,40
1,80
2,35
Hng mui
NaCl (%)
Nc (%)
Cht khng
tan (%)
90
0,50
2,50
85
10
0,65
4,35
80
13
0,80
6,20
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2.1.3. Enzyme
Nc mm l sn phm ca qu trnh thy phn Protein t tht c thnh cc
sn phm dng trung gian nh: polypeptit, dipeptit, pepton v sn phm cui cng
l axit amin di tc dng ca h enzyme protease trong bn thn nguyn liu c v
h enzyme t cc vi sinh vt c trong qu trnh ch bin nc mm. Da trn c s
ny, mun gim thi gian ch bin nc mm, ta cn to iu kin thch hp cho
enzyme protease hot ng hoc b sung thm enzyme t ngoi vo gip cho qu
trnh thy phn din ra nhanh chng v mnh m hn.
a. Enzyme ca c:
Cc h enzyme ch yu ca c tham gia vo qu trnh sn xut nc mm l:
- H enzyme Metalo-protease ( aminodipeptidase)
H enzyme ny tn ti trong ni tng c v chu c nng mui cao nn
ngay t u n hot ng mnh. Loi enzyme ny c hot tnh kh mnh, c kh
nng thy phn rng ri i vi cc loi peptid. y l nhm thy phn enzyme
trung tnh, pH ti thch t 5 -7.
- H enzyme serin-protease
in hnh l enzyme tripsin, tn ti nhiu trong ni tng c. giai on u
ca qu trnh sn xut nc mm hot ng ca n yu, sau mnh dn v n
giai on chp chn th gim dn. Enzyme ny phn hy protein gn nh hon
ton khng cn dng pepton. H enzyme ny hot ng mnh pH = 5 10.
- H enzyme acid-protease
C trong tht v ni tng c, in hnh l enzyme cathepsin D. H enzyme
ny d b c ch bi nng mui khong 15% nn thng n ch tn ti thi gian
ngn thi k u ca qu trnh thy phn. Loi men ny ng vai tr th yu
trong sn xut nc mm.
b. Enzyme b sung thm:
rt ngn qu trnh sn xut nc mm, nhiu nh khoa hc nghin cu s
dng enzyme protease c ngun gc thc vt, ng vt, vi sinh vt b sung thm
vo trong qu trnh ch bin nc mm.
- Cc enzyme c ngun gc thc vt
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2.2. Sn phm
2.2.1. Thnh phn ha hc:
Thnh phn ha hc ca nc mm l s kt hp tng ha gia cc thnh
phn dinh dng v thnh phn to gi tr cm quan ( mu, mi, v).Gm c:
-Cc cht m
Chim ch yu v quyt nh gi tr dinh dng ca nc mm. Gm 3 loi
m:
*m tng s: l tng lng nit c trong nc mm (g/l), quyt nh phn
hng ca nc mm.
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TT
Tn thnh phn
RT
Disulfit dimethyl
3.24
0.64
Butanoic acid
3.56
0.12
2- Hexyl-1- octanol
6.97
8.88
Cha xc nh
9.10
0.89
2- Ruran methanol
9.64
5.11
10.77
0.33
11.56
2.38
Bezene, (1-methylpropoxi)
12.06
0.52
Phellandrene
12.88
0.12
10
13.28
22.29
11
13.35
8.05
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Hm lng %
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12
0.52
13
Xiclohexene,
4
ethenyl-4-methyl-3-(1- 16.30
methylethenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (3R-Trans)
0.12
14
Cha xc nh
17.53
0.14
15
Cha xc nh
23.08
0.20
16
1, 2, 4-Methano-1H-indenl,
dimethyl-5-(1-methylethyl)
octahydro-1,7- 24.46
0.25
17
Copaene
28.19
0.17
18
1,5-Xiclodecadiene,1,5-dimethyl-8-(1methylethenyl)
29.50
0.45
19
0.83
20
30.58
0.75
21
Cha xc nh
31.31
0.27
22
Cha xc nh
31.73
0.12
23
Cha xc nh
33.47
0.71
24
Phenol,2,6-bis
(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl, 34.39
methylcarlbamate
4.58
25
Cha xc nh
34.56
0.12
26
1H-Benzoxicloheptene
34.80
0.72
27
1,6,10-Dodecatriene,7,11-dimethyl-3methylene,(Z)
35.17
16.46
28
Diclorotetrafluoroethane
35.63
3.25
29
Decane,2,4-dimethyl
35.70
2.78
30
Cha xc nh
35.92
0.14
31
Nonadecane
36.27
5.76
32
Cha xc nh
37.44
0.24
33
Cha xc nh
43.64
0.15
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Tridecanol,2-ethyl-2-methyl
51.89
1.63
35
Cha xc nh
52.60
0.45
36
Cha xc nh
54.23
1.92
37
Cha xc nh
61.96
7.56
38
Cha xc nh
63.48
0.12
TT
Tn thnh phn
RT
Hm lng %
Butanoic acid
3.18
0.32
Cha xc nh
3.38
0.31
3.77
0.92
1-Hexenol, 2-ethyl
6.25
1.32
7.05
34.50
2-piperidione
12.16
2.94
14.65
1.20
21.30
12.20
26.85
1.58
10
Thiirane,2,3-dimethyl, trans
29.85
12.20
11
Cha xc nh
35.61
0.15
12
2-Isopropil-5,6-dimethyl-1,3,2-oxathiaborinane
42.83
2.57
13
Diethylphtalat
46.52
7.13
14
Xiclo pentethiol
48.57
0.17
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2H-1-Benzopiran-2-one
Butyl)-7metoxi
6(1-hydroxi-3-methyl 49.67
7.52
16
3-O-axetil-exo-1,2-o-etiliden-erithrofuranose
50.59
4.83
17
2,5,6 Trimetyl-1,3-oxathiane
50.94
25.33
18
Cha xc nh
54.26
0.18
19
3 Ethyl-3-methylheptane
54.94
0.33
20
diclorotetrafluorotane
57.82
0.74
21
7,11-Dimethyloctadecane
59.69
0.84
22
Cha xc nh
61.02
0.17
23
Octane,2,4,6-Trimethyl
62.00
0.72
24
63.70
3.10
25
Cha xc nh
65.05
0.25
26
Cha xc nh
66.02
0.15
27
Cha xc nh
66.85
0.36
28
17,21-Dimethyl heptatriacontane
68.98
0.77
29
Cha xc nh
71.36
0.19
TT
Tn thnh phn
RT
Hm lng %
Dimethyl sunfit
3.81
0.12
Furfural
5.15
0.34
2-Furanmethanol
5.61
79.35
2-(3H)Furanone 5-methyl
6.01
0.07
6.23
0.11
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4H-pyran-4-one
6.25
0.04
Cha xc nh
6.27
0.03
Cha xc nh
8.20
1.82
Xiclotetraxicloxane
8.61
0.44
10
9.23
0.19
11
2,8-Diazaspiro(4,4) nonane-3,5-d
9.26
0.23
12
Benzene axetaldehyt
9.51
2.90
13
Ethanone, 1-(1H-pyrol2-yl)
9.85
0.86
14
4H-pyran-4-one,3,5-dimethyl
10.24
0.24
15
Furan,2,2-methylenebis
10.32
0.09
16
2 propanamine
10.65
0.05
17
Phenylethyl alcol
10.90
0.20
18
3-Methyl 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyt
11.06
1.35
19
Benzoic acid
11.64
0.12
20
1,2-Dipentylxyclopropene
12.03
0.59
21
Pyribudine-2,5-dimethoxy
12.56
0.16
22
Indolizine
14.21
2.01
23
Furan-2,2-[oxybis(methylene)]
14.33
0.23
24
Trimethylsilel3,5-dimethoxy-4
14.71
0.22
25
Xiclohexane
14.98
0.16
26
2-Hexenoic acid
16.17
0.14
27
Ethanedioic acid
17.49
0.15
28
Butylate hydroxitoluene
17.77
0.70
29
2(3H)-furanone,5-hexildihydro
18.68
0.12
30
Diethyl phtalat
18.98
1.75
31
2-Pentenoic acid
19.97
0.21
32
3-Xiclohexane1-ol
20.53
3.17
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Axetic acid
22.12
0.41
34
2-Heptenol
22.69
0.04
35
1,2-Benzenedicarboxilic acid
23.78
0.18
36
Mercaptanoaxetic acid
23.96
0.46
37
Nonadecane
25.18
0.10
38
1,2-bis(trimethylxiloxe) ethane
25.54
0.34
39
Octadecane1-clo
26.15
0.09
40
3,3Iminobis propylamit
26.24
0.03
41
2-Dimethylxilin
26.93
0.17
42
Propanamit
29.51
0.08
43
Silixic acid
32.63
0.03
T bng trn cho thy vi nc mm sn xut theo phng php ngn ngy
cho 6 cu t thm sau: 2-Furanmethanol, 2- Hexenoic acid, 2- Pentanoic acid, 2Heptenol, Nonadecane, Octadecane1-clo
Do vy sn xut nc mm theo phng php ngn ngy c sn phm
cht lng tt, hng v c chp nhn ta cn phi c bin php ci thin hng v
ca nc mm ngn ngy.
c bit.
Thng hng.
Hng 1.
Hng 2.
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Hng 3.
* Yu cu cm quan:
Mc cht lng
Tn ch tiu
c bit
1. Mu sc
2. trong
Thng
hng
Hng 1
Hng 2
Hng 3
Nu vng, nu vng n nu , nu
Trong, sng, snh, khng
vn c
Trong, khng vn c
3. Mi
4. V
Ngt ca
Ngt ca
Ngt ca
Ngt m ca m, c hu
m, c hu m, c hu m, t hu
v r
v r
v
v
5. Tp cht
nhn thy bng
mt thng
Khng c c
* Yu cu ha hc:
Cc ch tiu ho hc ca nc mm Ph Quc phi t yu cu theo quy nh ti
bng 2.7
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Mc cht lng
Tn ch tiu
c bit
Thng
hng
Hng 1
Hng 2
Hng 3
40
35
30
25
20
55
45
14
15
12
250 - 295
200
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TT
Tn ch tiu
Mc ti a
cho php
104
10
10
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X l nguyn liu
Enzyme protease
( 0,1 % lng c )
Trn u
30 pht
Mui
Chp chn
Ko rt, lc
Nc mui
22 0 B
Nc thp m
(nc thuc)
B 1
Dch lc 1
Dch lc 2
Gy hng
B 2
Nu b
Pha u
Lc
Xc mm
ng chai
Sn phm
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Ko rt, lc
Khi chp chn, kt thc qu trnh thy phn ta chuyn sang giai on
lc, chp n nh khong 2-3 ngy ta rt dch lc ra. iu chnh tc chy
sao cho dch thu c trong, khng b vn c. Dch thu c l dch lc 1, ko rt
qua chp gy hng. Phn b cn li, ta cho mt phn nc thuc vo v khuy
o 3-4 ln trong mt ngy cho lng m trong b ha tan ra. Lng nc thuc
cho vo khong 25 - 50 % nguyn liu ban u. Sau hai ngy khuy o, yn 23
ngy cho b chp lng xung th thu dch lc. Dch lc thu c gi l dch lc 2.
c. Nu ph b tn dng m
B 2 lc ny cn hm lng m rt t, lng nit tng s cn khong 9 13
g/l th em nu ph b. Dng nc mui c nng 22 0 B vi t l 1 b: 2 nc
mui cho vo chp un si 30- 45 pht l c. Thi gian nu ph thuc vo
lng m cn trong b t hay nhiu. Sau thu dch, dch ph b thu c gi l
nc thuc dng ko rt nng m cc m sau. B cn li c th em ch bin
lm thc n chn nui, hoc lm phn bn.
d. Gy hng cho nc mm
y l giai on quan trng trong qui trnh ch bin nc mm ngn ngy.
Nu khng c giai on ny th nc mm khng c hng v c trng m ch l
dung dch giu m m thi.
Dch lc 1 v 2 c hm lng nito tng s > 13g/l s c em ko rt qua
chp ln men di ngy( cn gi l chp gy hng). T l nc mm cho vo
chp gy hng chim khong 50 % khi lng chp trong b, sao cho nc
mm ngp v nn khong 10 cm. Ngm trong khong 2 ngy cho n nh sau ko
rt no o lin tc t 3 -5 ngy ty theo cht lng ca chp gy hng. Nu
chp gy hng mi ko rt ln u th thi gian gy hng ngn, cc ln sau th
thi gian gy hng di hn. Khi nc mm c mi thm c trng th rt ra, tip
tc cho m khc vo, ko rt no o, cho n khi chp khng cn kh nng gy
hng na cho nc thuc cn li t chp ngn ngy em ko rt nhiu ln tn
thu m ch khng nu b ca chp di ngy.
Nc mm sau khi gy hng xong, cn kim tra xc nh hm lng m
tng s lm c s cho vic pha u.
e. Tin hnh pha u nc mm
Dng cng thc ng cho pha u nc mm
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15 - B
Loi A gN/l
A - 15
Loi B gN/l
15
Pha nc mm 20 gN/l
20-B
Loi A gN/l
A - 20
Loi B gN/l
20
40
n tt nghip
Loi b
tp cht
0,01%Enzyme
proteaza
Trn mui
Mui
Nc bi
Phi nng
Gi nn,
o trn
Chp
chn
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42
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g. Bo qun nc mm:
Nc mm c hm lng mui rt cao v vy c th bo qun thi gian di.
Tuy vy, nc mm l dung dch m nn cng d b vi sinh vt xm nhp
v gy h hng. thng thng, nc mm chn hon ton vi mui khng
bao gi thi, nhng vi nc mm c ko rt t cc loi chp cha chn th rt
d thi.
Nc mm c bo qun kho v sinh sch s, thong mt, trnh bi bm
bay vo v nht l nc l. Nc mm nhp kho phi c giy bo kt qu kim
nghim v cht lng theo qui nh ca nh nc.
Nc mm trc lc xut xng cn c kim tra li cht lng ln na ri
em ng chai xut i. Nc mm phi c ng gi cn thn, c nhn hiu r
rng.
43
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44
n tt nghip
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46
n tt nghip
47
n tt nghip
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49
n tt nghip
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thng
10
11
NL c
C tp(kg)
C cm(kg)
510000 510000
Hng mc
kg
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100
10 668
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Nguyn liu ph
Mui
kg
45,7
4875
enzyme
kg
0,1
10,67
277,4
554,8
Dch lc 1
lt
59,2
6 315
Dch lc 2
lt
58,3
6 219
Nc thuc cn li
lt
20,3
2 166
kg
28,6
3 051
79 330
Nc nu ph b
lt
77,8
8 300
46,2
3 328,5
4 331
56 307
6 102
122 614
Hng mc
n 100
kg 1 ngy
v
nguyn
liu
1 thng
1 nm
kg
100
19 615
1 020 000
510 000
Nguyn liu ph
Mui
kg
25
4 904
127 500
255 000
Enzyme
kg
0,01
1,95
51
102
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675 687
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kg
28,6
5 610
145 860
291 720
Bng 3.4. Bng tng hp cn bng sn phm tnh trung bnh theo c 2 loi
nguyn liu
Hng mc
n
v
kg
100
13 938
362 376
27 875
C tp
kg
76,5
10 668
277 376
21 337
C cm
kg
23,5
3 269
85 000
6 538
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Nguyn liu ph
Mui
kg
1776129
Enzyme
kg
3430,5
Mui st NaFeEDTA
kg
3000
lt
59,2
8 251
214 526
16 502
Dch lc 2
lt
58,3
8 126
211 265
16 251
Nc mm 15 gN/l
lt
70,5
9826
255475
19652
510950
3065699
Nc mm 20 gN/l
lt
47
6551
170317
13101
340633
2043799
kg
28,6
3 986
103 640
7 972
Sn phm
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4.3. My ra c
S dng my ra c dng thng quay.
My lm vic theo phng php ra ngm xi ng thi gy ra tc ng c hc ch
xt ln nguyn liu, ng thi thng quay vn chuyn nguyn liu 1 cch lin tc.
Chn my ra:
Nng sut: 20 tn/h
Kch thc: 4000 x 2000 x 1800 (mm)
Cng sut ng c: 10 kW
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4.4. My trn c
C sau khi ra c bng ti li st a vo my trn trn u c v enzyme.
Chn my trn c:
Nng sut: 20 tn/h
Thng quay lm bng inox c kch thc
= 3 m, L = 5 m
S vng quay 15 vng/pht
Cng sut ng c: 15 kW
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Cng sut: 8 kW
Hnh 4.4 : Vt ti
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59
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Vt =
2
2
D h2 2 D
H+
h2 + 3
h1 + 3 +
4
6
2
2 6
D 2
h1
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4.11. B cha nc bi
Chp gy hng sau khi thy phn, p 3 ngy tin hnh rt nc bi em
i phi nng.
Lng nc bi rt ra khong 35 % s vi chp, do vy lng nc bi thu c
t mt thng ln men nc mm di ngy l:
0,35 x 10,48 = 3,67 m3
C 2 thng ln men nc mm di ngy ta xy 1 b cha nc bi. Th tch b
cha l:
Vb= 3,67 x 2 = 7,34 m3
Ta chn b xy bng ximang c kch thc:
Chiu di: 2 m
Chiu rng: 2m
Chiu cao 2 m
Th tch b cha nc bi: 2x2x2 = 8 m3
S b cha nc bi l:
108 : 2 = 54 b
Do vy ta xy 54 b cha nc bi.
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Th tch thit b l:
409 : 0,85 = 481 lt
Chn thit b c hnh tr c H = 1,5 D
Th tch thit b l:
V = (D2/4)xH = 1,178D3= 0,481 m3
D = 0,742 m. chn D = 0,8 m. H = 1,2 m
Th tch thng ha trn l V = 1,178 x 0,83 = 0,6 m3
Trong thng c cnh khuy. ng knh cnh khuy d = 0,8D = 0,64 m.
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4.17.My dn nhn
Chn my dn nhn c cng sut ng b vi my chit chai l 6 000 chai/h.
Kch thc my : 1500 x 890 x 1200 mm
Cng sut my : 4 Kw.
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H+
h1
2
D
2
h
3
+
1
3
2
VCIP =
H = 1,5D, h1 = h2 = 0,15D
VCIP = 1,3. D3 = 1 m3 D = 0,92 m. Chn D = 1m
H = 1,5 m ; h1 = h2 = 150 mm Htng = 1500 + 150 + 150 =
1800(mm).
Th tch thng CIP l: VCIP = 1,3. D3 = 1,3 m3
4.19. Tnh bm
Lng dch cn bm nhiu nht trong nh thy phn l bm dch lc 1 sang
thng ln men nc mm di ngy.
Lng dch lc 1 cn bm trong 1 ngy l: 12 632 lt = 12,63m3
Thi gian bm 1 h; h s s dng 0,8. Vy nng sut bm l :
NS = (12,63: 1 ) : 0,8 = 15,8 m3/h
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4.20. My lc khung bn
Nc mm sau khi pha u c em i lc loi b cc tp cht, cc vi
sinh vt trong nc mm nhm n nh nc mm, ko di thi gian bo qun v
nng cao cht lng nc mm.
Lng nc mm em i lc 1 ngy ln nht l:
16 251 + 16 502 = 32 753 lt = 32,75 m3
1 ngy my lc lm vic 2 ca, mi ca 4 ting. Nh vy my lc lm vic 8 ting
mi ngy.
Nng sut ca my cn l:
32,75 : 8 = 4,1 m3/h
H s s dng ca my l 0,8. do vy nng sut my thc t l:
4,1 : 0,8 = 5,12 m3/h
Chn my lc c nng sut 6 m3/h
Kch thc my lc: Chiu di: 2,4 m Chiu rng: 1 m Chiu cao: 1,5 m
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4.21. B cha b c
Mi ngy lng b thu c trung bnh l: 7 972 kg. C 2 ngy ly b 1 ln. vy b
cha phi cha khi lng l: 7 972 x 2 = 15 944 kg. Khi lng ring ca b l:
1100 kg/m3. H s s dng b l : 0,9. vy th tch b cn l:
(15 944 : 1200) : 0,9 = 14,8 m3
Xy b c kch thc: di 5 m, rng 4 m, cao 1 m.
Th tch thc ca b l: 5 x 4 x 1 = 20 m3
STT
Tn thit b
S
lng
Th tch( m3)
Nng sut
Cn xe ti hm chm
Bng ti
18
20
My ra c
20
My trn c
20
=3000, L=5000
Vt ti
20
92
15,8
D=2200,h2=330,
h=3960,h1= 330
B cha dch lc
15
3000x2500x2000
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12,6
D=2000, H=4000
B cha nc thuc
18
3000x2000x3000
10
108
13,2
D =2100, H=3800
11
B cha nc bi
54
12
2000x2000x3000
12
B cha nc mm gy
hng
20
5000x4000x1000
13
B cha nc mm 15gN/l
24
3000x2000x4000
14
B cha nc mm 20gN/l
16
2000x2000x4000
15
0,6
D=800, H=1200
16
My chit chai
6000 chai/h
1850x1630x2200
17
My dn nhn
6000 chai/h
1500x890x1200
18
My bm ly tm
20 m3/h
19
My bm ly tm
11
10 m3/h
20
My bm ly tm
6 m3/h
21
My lc khung bn
6 m3/h
2400x1000x1500
22
B cha b
20
5000 x 4000x1000
23
Thng CIP
1,3
D =1000,H=1500,
h1 =h2 =150
24
1,56
D=1100; H=1650
25
0,86
D=900; H=1350
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5.1.1. a cht
Nh my c xy dng trn khu t c t mt xp c t l ct ln. Do vy
vic thot nc rt nhanh v thun tin. Mt khc vic o ng ng cng rt d
dng, gim c chi ph xy dng.
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5.1.2. a hnh
Nh my c xy dng trn khu t hnh ch nht bng phng gim chi
ph san lp mt bng. Khu t c dc 1 % m bo thot nc khi ma hoc
ngp lt.
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5.2.1.Vng trc nh my
L vng t ngay cng vo, dc theo hng ro pha trc nh my, u hng
gi. Bao gm: nh hnh chnh, phng bo v, gara t, nh xe, nh gii thiu sn
phm.
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+ Phng gim c:
+ Phng ph gim c.
+ Phng k ton ti v.
+ Phng hp.
+ Phng khch.
+ Phng k hoch.
+ Phng k thut v KCS.
+ Phng cng on.
+ Phng vt t.
+Phng y t: 1 phng y t t tng 1 c chiu di 18m, chiu rng 9m. Din
tch phng y t l: 18 x 9 = 162 m2
+ Nh n ( c s dng lm hi trng nh my lun) tng 1 tnh cho khong 60
% cn b, cng nhn vin nh my tc l:
160x 0,6 = 99 ngi vi din tch u ngi l 3,49 m2/ngi.
Din tch nh n cn l: 3,49 x 99 = 345,51 m2. chn chiu di 24m, chiu rng 18m.
Din tch nh n l:
24 x 18 = 432 m2
Chn gii php xy dng
Nh hnh chnh c xy dng vi kch thc nh trn, nh khung b tng
ct thp ton khi.
5.3.5.4. Nh gii thiu sn phm
Din tch nh S = 18 12 = 216 m2, cao nh:4,8m; c xy dng gn cng
chnh, thun li cho vic gii thiu v bn sn phm.
Chn gii php xy dng
Nh c xy dng vi kch thc nh trn, nh khung b tng ct thp ton khi.
5.3.5.5. Trm bin p, trm pht in
2 trm mi tram c kch thc: chiu di 9m, chiu rng 6m, chiu cao 4,8m.
Din tch mi trm l: S = 9 x 6 = 54 m2
Chn gii php xy dng
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5.3.5.9. Nh v sinh
Cng trnh v sinh nm trong nh hnh chnh phc v cho b phn hnh chnh.
Cng trnh v sinh phc v sn xut s c b tr ngoi xng sn xut.
B tr 2 nh v sinh mi nh c kch thc: chiu di 12m, chiu rng 6m, chiu
cao 4,2 m. Din tch mi nh 12 6 = 72m2.
Chn gii php xy dng
Nh c xy dng vi kch thc nh trn, nh khung b tng ct thp ton khi.
5.3.5.10. Khu x l nc cp
Bao gm cc thp lc v b cha nc sch phc v cho ton nh my.
Nh c kch thc: chiu di 18m, chiu rng 12 m, chiu cao 7,2 m.
Din tch: S = 18 12 = 216 (m2). .
Chn gii php xy dng
Khu x l nc cp c xy dng bao gm 1nh khung b tng ct thp ton
khi v cc b, thp x l nc l thin ngoi tri.
5.3.5.11. Khu x l nc thi, cha b
-Khu x l nc thi:
Nh c kch thc: chiu di 24 m, chiu rng 18 m, chiu cao 4,2 m
Din tch S = 24 x 18 = 432 m2.
Chn gii php xy dng
Khu x l nc thi c xy dng bao gm 1nh khung b tng ct thp ton
khi v cc b, thp x l nc l thin ngoi tri.
- Nh cha b:
Nh cha b bn trong t b cha b c kch thc 5 x 4 x 1m. c ch cho
thao tc ly b ta xy nh c kch thc : di 12 m, rng 6 m, cao 7,2 m. Din tch
nh cha b: 12 x 6 = 72 m2. Nh khung thp lp mi tn.
5.3.5.12. Nh chai,hp
Chai hp d tr sn xut trong na thng. S chai cn trong na thng l:
1 666 666 : 2 = 833 333 chai.
Mi hp c 24 chai. S hp cn l:
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5.3.5.16. Xng c in
Xng c in nh my c kch thc: chiu di 18m, rng 12m, cao 4,2m.
Din tch ca xng c in: 18 x 12 = 216 m2
Bng 5.1. Hng mc cc cng trnh
Kch thc
TT
Di
Rng
Cao
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m2)
Kt cu
Khu trc nh my
42
18
8,4
756
BTCT
18
12
4,8
216
BTCT
Nh bo v (2 nh)
4,2
72
BTCT
Nh xe p, xe my
30
12
4,2
360
KTMT
Gara t
18
12
4,8
216
KTMT
II
Khu sn xut
24
12
7,2
288
BTCT
60
24
8,4
1440
KTZM
54
30
8,4
1620
KTZM
30
12
7,2
360
KTZM
III
Kho tng, bn bi
24
12
7,2
288
BTCT
48
24
7,2
1152
BTCT
Kho sn phm
54
24
7,2
1296
BTCT
Nh chai, hp
24
18
7,2
432
BTCT
Bi than, x
18
12
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Bi xe t ch hng
36
15
Nh cha b
12
7,2
72
KTMT
IV
Khu ph tr sn xut
Nh l hi
18
12
7,2
216
KTMT
Xng c in
18
12
4,2
216
KTMT
Trm pht in
4,2
54
BTCT
Trm bin p
4,2
54
BTCT
Nh v sinh(2 nh)
12
4,2
144
BTCT
Khu x l nc cp
18
12
4,2
216
BTCT
Khu x l nc thi
24
18
4,2
432
BTCT
540
10620
K xd =
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A+ B
S
Nguyn Th Hin - Lp CNLM K50
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Trong :
A+ B
= 10620 : 0,32 33188(m2)
K xd
H s s dng c xc nh nh sau:
K sd =
A+ B +C
S
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Qt
(kg/h)
ih i
Qt
1613229
=
= 2915
i 653,5 100
(kg)
Thi gian cung cp hi nng nhit cho qu trnh ln men l 1h, thi gian
nu ph b l 2h. Vy lng hi cn cung cp trong 1h l:
Dsx = 2915 : 3 = 972 (kg/h)
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: 8 at.
: 45 m2.
Th tch nc trong l
: 5 m3.
ng knh ng sinh hi
: 60 mm.
ng knh ni
: 2200 mm.
Chiu cao
: 4000 mm.
H s hu ch
: 80%.
D(ih in )
kg/h
Q
Trong
-
:H s s dng ca l hi = 0,75
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194,6
= 216,2 kg/h
0,9
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Vy lng nc dng v sinh phn xng ln men ngn ngy trong 1 ngy
l :
V2 = 3,2 + 2,5 +3 + 1,8 + 4,3 = 14,9 m3
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n hunh quang: bng bu dc, nh sng trng, cng sut 100w chiu
sng cc khu vc nh my.
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6.3.1.1. Cch b tr n:
Trong phn xng sn xut, vic b tr n chiu sng ph thuc vo cc
thng s sau:
Chiu cao n ph thuc vo chiu cao ca thit b, v tr lm vic, thng
ly H = 2,5 4,5 m
Khong cch gia cc n: L = 2 4 m
Ta chn khong cch gia 2 n l 3 (m)
Khong cch n ngoi cng n tng l: l = (0,3 0,5) x L m
l = 0,5 L = 1,5 (m)
-
n(n)
dai =
thay s vo:
ndai =
(1)
A 2 1,5
A
+1 =
3
3
Trong :
A: l chiu di ca nh
-
B 2l
+1
L
n rong =
B 2 1,5
B
n (2)
+1 =
3
3
Trong :
B: l chiu rng ca nh
Nh vy tng s n cn mc s l:
N = ndai x nrong (n) thay (1) v (2) vo ta c
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N=
A B
S
x
= (n)
3
3
9
S
Vy tng s n cn mc: N = 9
P
=> chn loi n cho ph hp: P chn
N
S ht 360
=
= 40(bng )
9
9
T din tch phn xng ta tnh c s bng n cn mc trong phn xng hon
thin l:
sng yu cu vi phn xng hon thin. Phn xng hon thin i hi
cng lm vic ln v yu cu s chnh xc cao nn 1m2 nh cn cng sut chiu
sng ring l:
Pt/c = 15 (w/m2)
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P =
chn loi n
P 5400
=
= 135
360
N
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Din
tch (m2)
P
(w/m2)
72
Ptc
(w)
S bng
(N)
Pn cn
(w)
432
54
Nh xe p v xe
my
360
2160
40
54
Nh gii thiu sn
phm
216
10
2160
24
90
756 x 2
10
15120
168
90
1296
10368
144
72
Phn xng
nguyn liu
288
15
4320
32
135
1440
15
21600
160
135
1620
15
24300
180
135
Nh hon thin sn
phm
360
15
5400
40
135
10
Kho cha c
288
10
2800
32
90
11
1152
9216
128
72
12
Khu x l nc thi
432
3456
48
72
13
Khu x l nc cp
216
1728
24
72
14
Nh v sinh(2 nh)
144
864
16
54
15
Phn xng c in
216
15
3240
24
135
16
Trm bin p
54
432
72
17
Phn xng l hi
216
10
2160
24
90
18
Bi than x
216
1296
24
54
19
Nh chai hp
432
2592
48
54
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Din
tch (m2)
P
(w/m2)
Ptc
(w)
S bng
(N)
Pn cn
(w)
20
Gara t
216
1296
24
54
21
Trm pht in
54
432
72
22
Nh cha b
72
432
54
23
Bi u t
540
3240
60
54
Din
tch (m2)
S bng
(N)
Pn cn
(w)
Pn chn
(w)
Cng
sut tiu
th(w)
72
54
60
480
Nh xe p v xe
my
360
40
54
60
2400
Nh gii thiu sn
phm
216
24
90
90
2160
756 x 2
168
90
90
15120
1296
144
72
70
10080
Phn xng
nguyn liu
288
32
135
150
4800
1440
160
135
150
24000
1620
180
135
150
27000
Nh hon thin sn
phm
360
40
135
150
6000
10
Kho cha c
288
32
90
90
2880
11
1152
128
72
70
8960
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n tt nghip
Din
tch (m2)
S bng
(N)
Pn cn
(w)
Pn chn
(w)
Cng
sut tiu
th(w)
12
Khu x l nc thi
432
48
72
70
3360
13
Khu x l nc cp
216
24
72
70
1680
14
Nh v sinh(2 nh)
144
16
54
60
960
15
Phn xng c in
216
24
135
150
3600
16
Trm bin p
54
72
70
420
17
Phn xng l hi
216
24
90
90
2160
18
Bi than x
216
24
54
60
1440
19
Nh chai hp
432
48
54
60
2880
20
Gara t
216
24
54
60
1440
21
Trm pht in
54
72
70
420
22
Nh cha b
72
54
60
480
23
Bi u t
540
60
54
60
3600
126320
6.3. 2. Tnh ph ti ng lc
Theo tnh ton v chn thit b ta c bng sau:
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S
lng
Tng cng
sut (kW)
1 My ra c
10
10
2 My trn
15
15
4 Bng ti li st
16
48
6 Gu ti
15
18
8 Bm nc mui
10
Bm nc bi thng ln men di
ngy
11
Bm dch i lc
12
Bm dch i n b pha u
13
Bm nc mm i ng chai
14
Bm CIP
15
92
736
16
My chit v dp nt chai
17
My dn nhn
STT
Tn thit b
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n tt nghip
STT
Tn thit b
Cng sut nh
mc (kW)
S
lng
Tng cng
sut (kW)
18
19
20
Qut ht l hi
10
21
Qut y l hi
924
k1=0,9
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k2 = 0,6
103
n tt nghip
Pl = 1063 (kw)
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104
n tt nghip
P
( P) + ( Q)
2
2
Ptt2 + Q phu
= 7632 + 528 2 = 861 (kW).
105
n tt nghip
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n tt nghip
107
n tt nghip
7.2.3. An ton v in
Trong qu trnh sn xut, cng nhn lun phi thng xuyn tip xc vi cc
thit b s dng in, do cn ch :
- Phi thc hin tuyt i ni quy an ton v in trnh xy ra s c hay tai
nn. Cch in tt cc phn mang in, c bit l ti cc khu vc c m cao v
nhiu nc.
- B tr cc ng dy cch xa tm tay hoc li i li ca ngi sn xut. B
tr cu dao in hp l c th ngt mi khi c s c.
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TT
Ch tiu
n v
Nc thi
pH
4,7-5,2
SS
mg/l
250
25
COD
mg/l
1800
180
BOD5
mg/l
1200
300
T-N
mg/l
18
T-P
mg/l
NTU
90
45
mu
Pt-Co
250
17
mui
mg/l
4000
10
Nhit
30
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n tt nghip
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n tt nghip
1. H bm
6. Bm tun hon
11. Bn lng
2. B tin x l
7. Bn to kh tip xc
3. B cn bng
8. Bm bn
4. Bm nc thi vo
9.B cha bn
5. B UASB
10. My nn kh
x l
13. Nc thi ra
112
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8.3.2.6. B kh trng
Nc thi sau khi lng trong c a qua b kh trng lm sch cc vi
khun cn st li. Ti y nc thi c ho ln vi mt lng dung dch clorin thch
hp kh trng. Sau khi lm sch nc thi s c thi ra mi trng.
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- PH
: 5,5 - 9
: 100 mg/lt
* Mc tiu
- Nc thi sau quy trnh x l s t tiu chun loi B (TCVN 5945 - 1995,
TCVN 6980 - 2001)
- Chi ph vn hnh, bo dng thp
- Quy trnh cng ngh n gin, d vn hnh. Trm x l gn p, m quan
- Khng lm pht sinh cc tc ng khc gy nh hng ti mi trng
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9.2.1 . Danh mc ti sn c nh
Bao gm:
- Nh xng
- Thit b
- Chng trnh o to vn hnh, hun luyn chy th.
9.2.1.1. Nh xng
Bng 9.1. Danh mc chi ph xy dng nh xng
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n gi cho
1m2(triu ng)
Tng gi
thnh (triu
ng)
STT
Tn cng trnh
Din
tch (m2)
756
2,8
2116,8
216
2,8
604,8
Nh bo v (2 nh)
72
2,8
201,6
Nh xe p, xe my
360
0,2
72
Gara t
216
2,0
432
288
2,6
748,8
1440
2,0
2880
1620
2,0
3240
360
2,6
936
10
288
2,6
748,8
11
1152
2,0
2304
12
Kho sn phm
1296
2,6
3369,6
13
Nh chai, hp
432
2,0
864
14
Bi than, x
216
0,2
43,2
15
Bi xe t ch hng
540
0,2
108
16
Nh cha b
72
2,0
144
17
Nh l hi
216
2,6
561,6
18
Xng c in
216
2,6
561,6
19
Trm pht in
54
2,8
151,2
20
Trm bin p
54
2,8
151,2
21
Nh v sinh(2 nh)
144
2,0
288
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22
Khu x l nc cp
216
23
Khu x l nc thi
432
Tng
0,2
0,2
10620
43,2
86,4
20656,8
n gi
STT
Tn thit b
Thnh tin
S
lng
(triu
ng)
(triu ng)
Cn xe ti hm chm
10
10
Bng ti
18
24
My ra c
35
35
My trn c
30
30
Vt ti
20
40
Gu ti
15
45
92
40
3680
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B cha dch lc
10
40
B cha nc mui
18
36
10
B cha nc thuc
11
22
11
108
648
12
B cha nc bi
54
162
13
B cha nc mm gy hng
14
18
14
B pha u nc mm 15gN/l
14
14
15
B pha u nc mm 20gN/l
10
10
16
17
2000
2000
18
My bm
19
95
19
My lc khung bn
20
20
20
B cha b
21
Thng CIP
10
40
22
200
200
23
H thng l hi
350
350
24
H thng x l nc cp
200
200
25
H thng x l nc thi
600
600
26
700
700
50
50
100
100
27
28
ng ng
Tng
9403
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Loi xe
s lng
Gi(triu)
Xe con
400
800
t ti 2,5 tn
400
2400
Tng
3200
STT
Khon
mc
Xy dng
Thnh tin
Cch tnh
(triu
ng/nm)
2873,2
(10 nm)
Thit b
1410,5
(7 nm)
Chi ph o
to ban u
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166,7
(3nm)
Nguyn Th Hin - Lp CNLM K50
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Thnh tin
STT
Khon
mc
Cch tnh
(triu
ng/nm)
Phng
tin vn ti
320
4770,4
9.2.2. Tnh vn lu ng
Nh my mi nm sn xut 2 triu lt nc mm 15 gN/l, 2 triu lt nc
mm 20 gN/l v 1 triu lt nc mm 15 gN/l c b sung mui st.
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Thnh tin
Nguyn liu
S lng
Gi
tin(ng)
(triu ng/nm)
C tp
3362130 kg
3500
11767,5
C cm
1021021kg
6000
6126,1
Mui
1776129 kg
700
4116,6
Enzyme
3430,5kg
1200000
4116,6
Nguyn liu ph
956,8
Tng chi ph
20093,7
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Thnh tin
Nhin liu
S lng
Gi
tin(ng)
(triu ng/nm)
in
1695583 (kwh)
1100
1865,1
Than
539640 (kg)
1263
681,6
Tng chi ph
2546,7
STT
Nhn cng
nh mc
lao ng/ ca
S ca/
ngy
Tng s
12
Lc, pha nc mm
Chit chai, dp np
Xp chai vo hp v a sang
kho thnh phm
10
Dn nhn
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11
12
Li xe
13
Bo v
14
X l nc
15
X l nc thi
16
Sa cha c in
17
Trm in
18
L hi
19
20
12
21
V sinh
22
Y t
23
Nu n
129
Bng9.5. Cn b trong nh my
Stt
Phng ban
S ngi
Ban gim c
ng y,cng on
Phng ti v
Phng k thut
Phng k hoch vt t
Phng nhn s
10
Tng s cn b
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Thi gian lm vic thc t trong mt nm theo quy nh (tr ngy ngh l,
php,) l 283 ngy, thi gian lm vic ca my mc l 320 ngy.Vy h s iu
khuyt l:
K=
Ttb 320
=
= 1,13
Tcn 283
Tng Lng
(triu ng/ngi/thng)
mt thng
146
1,5
219
Cn b
24
3,0
72
Tng
170
i tng
S lng
Cng nhn
291
* Cc khon trch theo lng (BHXH, BHYT, KPC) theo quy nh l 19%
(BHXH: 15%; KPC: 2%; BHYT: 2%)
- Ti b phn sn xut l: 219 x 19% = 41,6 (Triu ng)
- Ti b phn qun l l: 72 x 19% = 13,7 (Triu ng)
* Qu lng 1 nm
+ Ca b phn sn xut trc tip: 12 x (219 + 41,6 )= 3127,2 (triu ng)
+ Ca b phn qun l sn xut: 12 x (72 + 13,7)= 1028,4 (triu ng)
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Tng gi thnh
Ch tiu
(Triu)
19609,5
3127,2
11817,1
-Chi ph qun l
1028,4
-Chi ph bn hng
1779,1
Tng
37361,3
Trong :
Chi ph sn xut chung= CP khu hao TSC+ CP vt liu bao b+ CP dch v mua
ngoi (in, than,..)
Chi ph sn xut chung = 4770,4 +4500+ 2546,7 = 11817,1 triu
Chi ph bn hng tnh bng 5% tng chi ph.
Chi ph bn hng= 5% x (19609,5 + 3127,2 + 11817,1 + 1028,4)= 1779,1 triu
Theo mc 3.1. 1kg nguyn liu sn xut c 1 lt nc mm 20 gN/l trong
khi cng 1 kg nguyn liu s sn xut c 1,33 lt nc mm 15 gN/l. Do vy
ta c th coi chi ph cho 1 lt nc mm 20 gN/l gp 1,33 ln chi ph cho 1 lt nc
mm 15 gN/l.
Nh my mi nm sn xut 2 triu lt nc mm 20 gN/l v 3 triu lt nc mm 15
gN/l. Do ta tnh s b chi ph cho 1 lt nc mm 15 gN/l l:
37361,3 x 106 : ( 2000000 x 1,33 + 3000000) = 6601 ng
Chi ph cho 1 lt nc mm 20 gN/l l :
6601 x 1,33 = 8779 ng
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n tt nghip
STT
Ch tiu
Tng gi tr
(triu ng)
47500
994,9
15904
32590,9
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Nm
CFBT (triu
ng)
-42305,5
15904
Khu hao
(triu ng)
CFAT (triu
ng)
NPV
NPVi
-42305,5
-42305,5
-42305,5
4770,4
13120,6
11767,35
-30538,15
15904
4770,4
13120,6
10553,68
-19984,47
15904
4770,4
13120,6
9465,18
-10519,29
15904
4603,7
13078,9
8461,98
-2057,31
15904
4603,7
13078,9
7589,22
5531,91
15904
4603,7
13078,9
6806,47
12338,38
15904
4603,7
13078,9
6104,46
18442,84
15904
3193,2
12726,3
5327,25
23770,09
15904
3193,2
12726,3
4777,80
28247,89
10
15904
3193,2
12726,3
4285,03
32532,92
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Qua bng trn ta thy IRR = 28 % > r =11,5%. Do vy d n t hiu qu kinh t,c
tnh kh thi.
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KT LUN
Nc mm l sn phm truyn thng ca nc ta. N ra i t rt lu nhng
hin nay ngh lm nc mm vn theo qui trnh th cng, thi gian qu di, hiu
qu kinh t thp. Mc d c nhiu nghin cu c thc hin ci tin qu
trnh sn xut nhng cha c trin khai rng trong thc t, ch dng qui m th
im vi sn lng nh.
Qua 3 thng thc hin ti Thit k nh my nc mm nng sut 5
triu lt/nm n nay c bn em hon thnh. ti ny gii quyt c mt
s ni dung sau, khc phc phn no kh khn ca ngnh ch bin nc mm:
Rt ngn thi gian ch bin nc mm t 6 -12 thng xung cn 45 -60 ngy,
nh b sung ch phm enzyme protease Flavourzyme 0,1%.
Ci thin hng v nc mm ngn ngy bng cch ko rt nc mm ngn
ngy qua chp sn xut nc mm di ngy vi nguyn liu l c ni.
C gii ha mt phn dy chuyn sn xut nng cao nng sut nh my nc
mm.
Tuy nhin, sn xut nc mm theo phng php ny vn cn tn ti nhng
nhc im nh:
Hng v nc mm khng ngon bng nc mm ln men di ngy.
Khng ng b trong sn xut do phi ko qua chp gy hng di ngy.
nng cao hiu qu kinh t ng thi to s ng b trong sn xut ta phi
tip tc nghin cu hng mi ci to hng nc mm. l phn lp,
cy vi sinh vt gy hng chp ln men di ngy tt vo chp ln men
ngn ngy.
Qua qu trnh thit k n, tnh ton kinh t em nhn thy sn xut theo
phng php ngn ngy, b sung enzyme kt hp vi gy hng bng chp di
ngy cht lng tt l mt phng n tt ci tin cch sn xut nc mm, em
li li nhun cao, c th nhn rng trong thc t. y l d n c tnh kh thi
thc hin
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