Pickling isa m relating to the chemical removal of oxides (rust), from a metal substrate. The metals can be either dipped (totally in the pickling fluid or sprayed with it. Usually aqueous solutions of acids are used for steel, they convert the oxides into soluble salts, eg sulphuric acid produces iron sulphate salts. Sulphuric is the most common acid used for economic and safety reasons. Lpotriers duplex system involves the pickling process followed by a (passivation “Process using pl hosphoric(d} chromic acid along with a small percentage of iron lings, Produces iron chromate or iron phosphate salts, which are not soluble. These form a rust inhibitive layer, which passivates the surface and increases the adhesion properties. They are also extremely resistant to cathodic disbondment. A typical process would be: CD Any oil or grease needs to be removed by using a su ‘aS specified. Oil and grease show_up as fluorescent yellow/green under an ultra violet light. 2 Totally immerse in a bath of sulphuric acid, 5-10% temperature of 65-70°C. Time can vary from 5 to 25 degree of contamination but is invariably at the lower end. concentration at a utes depending on a e the layer of soluble salts formed. If . Likewise components can be blast cleaned and sent on for phosphating/chromating, but the patented process is only called Footners when pickled then phosphated/chromated oa xim rites with iron filing (0.5%) (and an inhibitor to prevent embrittlement). This leaves a very thin layer of iron phosphate/ chromate, which acts as a rust preventative for a limited time. 4 Rinse in clean water, and check for pH values, ( Pr}enticia® df Hythoyer) pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity of a substance and is measured using pH indicator strips. An indicator such as litmus will only tell if a substance is an acid or an alkali. Indicator strips give a measure of acidity or alkalinity, based upon the scale below. ubral (osHrled eter) me 0123 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 Acid Alkaline ——— Figure 2.8 pH scale. Rev 2 January 2010 — — Surface Preparation TWI won centre Copyright © TWI Ltd 2010 JOINING TECHNOLOGY7 to 0 the acidity increases, and from 7 to 14 the alkalinity increases. A typical requirement after rinsing will be in the region of pH 4.5 to 7.0, slightly less acid household vinegar. (_ vanes degreasing Fumes from a solvent bath condense on a component suspended over the bath and dissolve any oil or grease, which then drips back into the bath. Very rarely used because of modem regulations regarding strong hydrocarbon solvents. <_JNeathering ng EPA ~ Beuscremest frokecton Weathering relies on co-efficient of expansion properties as mentioned in flame cleaning. When left in a stockyard, open to temperature changes, day and night, the millscale sheds. This can now leave the steel open to atmospheric-serresion, which produces such as sulphate salts. . Rev 2 January 2010 — ‘Surface Preparation TW worpcexsne Copyright © TWI Ltd 2010 LMT ‘sone eebo.060