Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
1
1.1
1.2
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3
4
Cell Selection
Measurements for Normal Cell Selection
Criteria for Cell Selection
Cell Reselection
Necessary Actions for a Cell Reselection
Phase 1 MS
Phase 2 MS
Triggers for Cell Reselection
Parameters for Cell Selection/Reselection
Exercise
Network optimization
3
4
5
13
14
15
16
18
21
35
Cell selection/Reselection
Network optimization
Cell Selection/Reselection
Cell Selection
Network optimization
Cell selection/Reselection
1.1
In case of normal cell selection the MS has no prior knowledge on which GSM 900 or
DCS 1800 frequencies are BCCH carriers. Therefore the MS has to search in the
beginning all RF carriers of the corresponding system (124 carriers for P-GSM, 174
carriers for E-GSM and 374 carriers for DCS 1800), and has to measure the signal
strength on each RF carrier. The MS takes 5 measurement samples per RF carrier
which are averaged:
AV_RXLEV = 1/5 x (RXLEV1 + RXLEV2 + ... + RXLEV5)
A multi band MS searches all carriers within its band of operation. The number of
carriers searched corresponds to the sum of carriers on each band of operation.
Network optimization
Cell Selection/Reselection
1.2
1.2.1
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN:
MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH:
P:
--
1 Watt = 30 dBm
8 Watt = 39 dBm
0.25W = 24 dBm
5 Watt = 37 dBm
4 Watt = 36 dBm
2 Watt = 33 dBm
Network optimization
Cell selection/Reselection
During cell selection procedure the MS will select only those cells which have C1 > 0.
This means that the averaged received level downlink has to be greater than the
threshold RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN + max (0, MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH - P):
AV_RXLEV > RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN + max (0, MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH - P)
The maximum term is included to ensure a sufficient uplink received level even for
MS of low maximum transmit power:
If P < MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH, then the C1 criterion is equivalent to:
AV_RXLEV > RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN + (MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH - P)
i.e. the averaged received level downlink has to exceed the RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
by a certain margin to ensure that the Base Station can receive the MS even in case
of a MS with low maximum output power.
If P > MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH, then the C1 criterion reduces to:
AV_RXLEV > RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
Network optimization
Cell Selection/Reselection
1.2.2
Suitable Cell
Beside the C1 radio criterion there are some other criteria (administrative and traffic
control) for a cell to be suitable:
A Suitable Cell is defined as a cell which
is part of the selected PLMN,
is unbarred (parameter CELL_BAR_ACCESS = 0),
has a value C1 > 0,
is not in a location area forbidden for national roaming.
To allow e.g. emergency calls the conditions for a serving cell are less restrictive:
An Acceptable Cell is defined as a cell which
is unbarred,
has a parameter C1 > 0.
Network optimization
Cell selection/Reselection
The general strategy for cell selection is to find the suitable cell with the highest C1
(best estimated link quality). If no suitable cell can be found, an acceptable cell is
selected.
Network optimization
Cell Selection/Reselection
Cell Selection
Algorithm
(no BCCH Info)
measure all
carriers
sort by received
level
carriers in list
no
Selection of an
acceptable cell
yes
trial carrier:
best level in list
no
remove trial
carrier from list
BCCH
yes
decode BCCH
suitable cell
yes
no
cell
in selected
PLMN
no
yes
try only carriers of
BCCH allocation
Camp on normal
priority cell
Network optimization
Cell selection/Reselection
<=>
CELL_BAR_QUALIFY = 1
<=>
A MS tries first to select a suitable normal priority cell. If no such cell can be found, a
suitable low priority cell is selected.
Network optimization
10
Cell Selection/Reselection
Cell Selection
Algorithm
(no BCCH Info)
carriers in list
no
yes
yes
Camp on low
priority cell
no
trial carrier:
best level in list
BCCH
low priority
cell found
Selection of an
acceptable cell
no
remove trial
carrier from list
yes
decode BCCH
suitable cell
no
yes
cell
in selected
PLMN
no
yes
try only carriers of
BCCH allocation
normal priority
no
yes
Camp on normal
priority cell
Fig. 2 Cell selection for phase 2 MS - no BCCH info is stored
Network optimization
11
Cell selection/Reselection
1.2.3
Optionally, the MS may store information on received level on BCCH carriers when
switched off.
When switched on, the MS first performs measurements on these carriers. If cell
selection for the corresponding cells is not successful, normal cell selection is carried
out.
Network optimization
12
Cell Selection/Reselection
Cell Reselection
Network optimization
13
Cell selection/Reselection
While moving within the radio network in idle mode another cell may be more appropriate to serve the MS. Therefore cell reselection may be performed.
For the following discussion the MS shall camp on a cell which is called serving cell.
2.1
The following actions are performed by the MS to detect whether or not a cell
reselection is necessary:
Detection of a Downlink Signaling Failure:
The downlink signaling failure counter DSC is a counter running in the MS. The
starting value of this counter is called DSC0 and is set by the MS to the following
value:
DSC0 = round(90 / BS_PA_MFRMS)
The value of BS_PA_MFRMS is broadcasted in the system informations on the
BCCH of the serving cell.
Each BS_PA_MFRMS, the MS attempts to decode the messages on its paging
sub-channel. Depending on whether or not this decoding is successful, the value
of the downlink signaling failure counter DSC is modified in the following way :
successful decoding:
unsuccessful decoding:
Network optimization
14
Cell Selection/Reselection
Monitoring of all BCCH carriers given in the BCCH allocation (neighbor cells) of
the serving cell
Taking at least 5 samples of the received level from the serving cell (on paging
sub-channel) as well as from the neighbor cells
=> AV_RXLEV(serving cell) and AV_RXLEV (neighbor cell)
Decoding of full BCCH data of the serving cell at least every 30 sec
Decoding of BCCH data of the 6 strongest neighbor cells at least every 5 minutes
2.2
Phase 1 MS
From the radio propagation point of view it is worth to select a new (neighbor) cell if
the received level from that neighbor cell exceeds the received level of the current
serving cell. For phase 1 MS this is expressed using the C1 criterion
C1 (neighbor cell) > C1 (serving cell).
For the reselection process for phase 1 MS the neighbor cells are ordered according
to their C1-value.
Network optimization
15
Cell selection/Reselection
2.3
Phase 2 MS
Network optimization
16
Cell Selection/Reselection
C2
TEMPORARY_OFFSET
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
C1
PENALTY_TIME
A negative TEMPORARY_OFFSET reduces the priority of a cell in the list of strongest neighbor cells.
A positive CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET increases the priority of a cell in the list of
strongest neighbor cells.
This mechanism may be applied in hierarchical cell structures to keep fast moving
mobiles in the umbrella cells and slow moving mobiles in the micro cells:
When a mobile reaches the coverage area of a (neighbor) micro cell given by the C1
criterion, this cell becomes effectively excluded from reselection during the
PENALTY_TIME.
A fast moving mobile is assumed to have left the coverage area of the micro cell before PENALTY_TIME is reached and hence the micro cell is not selected.
In contrast a slow moving mobile is assumed to be still within the coverage area of
the micro cell when PENALTY_TIME has expired.
Applying the positive CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET, this cell is selected with preference.
Network optimization
17
Cell selection/Reselection
2.4
Network optimization
18
Cell Selection/Reselection
C1
direction of movement
Phase 1 MS
BTS2
BTS1
BTS1
BTS2
CELL_RESELECT_
HYSTERESIS
(h)
C1=0
(l)
(a)
(b)
Cell Reselection
(a) no change of location area
(b) change of location area
Radius of Cell 2
for selection
(l) low power MS
(h) high power MS
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Network optimization
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19
Cell selection/Reselection
Network optimization
20
Cell Selection/Reselection
Network optimization
21
Cell selection/Reselection
DB Name
Range
Step Size
Unit
ADJC
BCCHFREQ
0...1023
(Taken from
TGTCELL)
BCCH_ARFCN_NC(n)
Network optimization
22
Cell Selection/Reselection
DB Name
Range
Step Size
Unit
BTS
CELLBARR
FALSE/TRUE
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Network optimization
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23
Cell selection/Reselection
DB Name
Range
Step Size
Unit
BTS
RXLEVAMI
0...63
RXLEV
Network optimization
24
Cell Selection/Reselection
Network optimization
25
Cell selection/Reselection
DB Name
Range
Step Size
Unit
BTS
MSTXPMAXCH
0...31
2 dB
MS GSM900 Phase 2
MS DCS1800
0 := 43 dBm
0 := 39 dBm
0 := 30 dBm
1 := 41 dBm
1 := 39 dBm
1 := 28 dBm
2 := 39 dBm
2 := 39 dBm
2 := 26 dBm
3 := 37 dBm
3 := 37 dBm
3 := 24 dBm
...
...
...
15 := 13dBm
19 := 5 dBm
15 := 0 dBm
16-31 := 13 dBm
20-31 := 5 dBm
16-31 := 0 dBm
Network optimization
26
Cell Selection/Reselection
DB Name
Range
Step Size
Unit
BTS
PWROFS
0...3
2 dB
Power_Offset
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Network optimization
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27
Cell selection/Reselection
DB Name
Range
Step Size
Unit
BTS
CELLRESH
0...7
2 dB
Network optimization
28
Cell Selection/Reselection
DB Name
BTS
Range
CRESPARI
Step Size
0...1
Unit
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Network optimization
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29
Cell selection/Reselection
CELL_BAR_QUALIFY
Parameter is used to assign a priority to a cell selection process.
A suitable cell of low priority is only selected if no suitable cell of normal priority can
be found.
This parameter can be used e.g. in hierarchical cell structures that the MS initially
selects an umbrella cell.
Object
DB Name
Range
Step Size
Unit
BTS
CBQ
0...1
CELL_BAR_QUALIFY
default: 0
normal priority: 0
low priority:
Network optimization
30
Cell Selection/Reselection
DB Name
Range
Step Size
Unit
BTS
PENTIME
20 sec
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Network optimization
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31
Cell selection/Reselection
TEMPORARY_OFFSET
Subtracting TEMPORARY_OFFSET from CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET reduces the
priority of a cell in the list of strongest neighbor cells, i.e. during run time of the timer
the corresponding neighbor cell is effectively barred for cell reselection.
Object
DB Name
Range
Step Size
Unit
BTS
TEMPOFF
0...7
10 dB
7: infinity
TEMPORARY_OFFSET
default: 1
Network optimization
32
Cell Selection/Reselection
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
Adding CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET increases the priority of a cell in the list of
strongest neighbor cells when the timer has expired.
This mechanism may be applied in hierarchical cell structures to keep fast moving
mobiles in the umbrella cells and slow moving mobiles in the micro cells: When a
mobile reaches the coverage area of a (neighbor) micro cell, given by the C1
criterion, this cell becomes effectively excluded from reselection during the
PENALTY_TIME.
A fast moving mobile is assumed to have left the coverage area of the micro cell before PENALTY_TIME is reached and hence the micro cell is not selected. In contrast,
a slow moving mobile is assumed to be still within the coverage area of the micro cell
when PENALTY_TIME has expired. Applying the positive
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET, this cell is selected with preference.
Object
DB Name
Range
Step Size
Unit
BTS
CRESOFF
0...63
2 dB
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
default: 1
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Network optimization
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33
Cell selection/Reselection
Network optimization
34
Cell Selection/Reselection
Exercise
Network optimization
35
Cell selection/Reselection
Network optimization
36
Cell Selection/Reselection
Exercise 1
Fill in the relevant parameters for Cell Selection/Reselection:
Specification Name
(GSM Name)
Network optimization
Remarks
37