AUTOLISP PROGRAMS

&
Visual Basic Programs

Documentation and Summaries

Date: February 1993

Updated: October 1994
Updated: February 1995
Updated: November 17, 1998
Updated June 4, 2000
Updated June 7, 2003
Updated February 10, 2008
Updated September 22, 2008
Updated December 13, 2009

1
Prepared by Guy Lauzier
Copyright - Guy Lauzier

2
 Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................1

INDEX............................................................................................................................................................................2

HOW TO STRUCTURE DRAWINGS......................................................................................................................9

CONVENTIONS.........................................................................................................................................................13

ACAD...........................................................................................................................................................................13

AH................................................................................................................................................................................14

ALAY...........................................................................................................................................................................14

ALPHA........................................................................................................................................................................15

ARCLEN......................................................................................................................................................................16

BA.................................................................................................................................................................................16

BIT................................................................................................................................................................................17

BLAST.........................................................................................................................................................................19

BLSTLTR....................................................................................................................................................................20

C0..................................................................................................................................................................................25

CDIST..........................................................................................................................................................................25

COLLAR.....................................................................................................................................................................26

CORE...........................................................................................................................................................................31

COPY...........................................................................................................................................................................32

COUPES......................................................................................................................................................................33

CUBICO......................................................................................................................................................................33

DELLAYER................................................................................................................................................................34

DESSIN........................................................................................................................................................................35

EDTEXT......................................................................................................................................................................36

FAULT.........................................................................................................................................................................37

FRZLAY......................................................................................................................................................................39

3
GEOLOG....................................................................................................................................................................39

GRDLINE....................................................................................................................................................................40

GRIDLINE..................................................................................................................................................................41

INPDBF.......................................................................................................................................................................42

LAY..............................................................................................................................................................................46

LAYLIST.....................................................................................................................................................................47

LIMON........................................................................................................................................................................47

PIPE.............................................................................................................................................................................47

OVRBURDEN.............................................................................................................................................................49

PLMAKE.....................................................................................................................................................................49

TOOLS.........................................................................................................................................................................51

PROBE.........................................................................................................................................................................51

SCAN............................................................................................................................................................................53

SECTION SECCION.................................................................................................................................................54

SEEK............................................................................................................................................................................57

SURVEY......................................................................................................................................................................58

SXPLOT......................................................................................................................................................................63

THOLE........................................................................................................................................................................65

TXTATTR...................................................................................................................................................................66

VSE...............................................................................................................................................................................68

VSEF............................................................................................................................................................................68

ZAP..............................................................................................................................................................................68

Entity Codes...................................................................................................................................................................1

4
Introduction

The goal of this book is to assemble as many mining related AUTOLISP tools as
possible in one book in order that the user
May improve his skills more rapidly and be aware of the added features that have
been developed.

The volume is divided into three main sections:

1) Explicative index summarising the purpose of the function.

2) Detailed summary of the use of the program, the assumptions used and
constraints.

3) Supplementary information on AUTOCAD data structures for the more

advanced programmer.
 INDEX

APPROACH

1) How to structure drawings

2) Conventions

PROGRAMS
1

3
3DPLINE - Program to convert 2D-line or pline information to 3D
polylines.
3DSECT - Program to make 3D sections from 2D plans.

2
A
ACAD - The automatic lisp start-up program
AH - Program to the last entity to a desired layer
and make the selected layer active.
ALAY - Program to change entities from their
present layer to the active layer
ALPHA - Text array generating program
ARCLEN -
ATTREDEF - Redefine a block and its attributes.
B

BA - Program to scroll up through the Layer Table

BIT - Program to simulate button bit impact patterns given a

bit face configuration, rpm and hammer frequency.

BLAST - Program to calculate certain parameters

from blast hole layouts. This program was updated in
June-July 2003 to make sections and calculate the drill
holes.

BLASTER (VB) - Visual Basic Blast Desing Program

BLSTLTR - Program to prepare a blast letter with the powder,

primer, caps and timing.

BoatBuilder (VB) - Suite of Routines to design hulls

C
C0 - Program to make the zero layer active and
freeze all the other layers

CDIST - Function to cumulate distances.

3
 COLLAR - Program to determine the collar location, dip and
azimuth of blastholes. Plan and sectional information is
transformed into 3-D co-ordinates.

COPY - Function to copy one text file called “IN” to

another text file called “OUT”

CORE - Program to plot on the graphic screen the

spectrum of dips and azimuth given by an
azimuth, the dip of the hole and the core angle.

COORD - Group of functions to insert block from one Co-ordinate

system to another and vice versa. Included is a co-
ordinate conversion routine.

Coupes - Program to generate cross setions from 2D AutoCad

drawing.

COPY - Program to copy a text file from one file to another.

CURVE - Program to design ramps.

CUBICO - Program to calculate the volume of a surveyed

area.

D
DAM(VB) - Program to do water balance between dams

DELLAYER - Program to eliminate all entities on a specified

layer.

Dessin - Program to draw the sections based on the

information found in C:\temp\coupes.asc
4
 DPT - Program to calculate the average between
backs and floors
DUMP - Program to send to a file the specified
entities.

E
EDTXT - Text editor. (Obsolete – applicable to
versions 12 or less)

Environment (VB) - Visual Basic progran to generate tailings pours based

on the specified parameters. The information is then
transferred to Gemcom.

F
FAULT - Program to demonstrate the apparent movement
of faulted blocks in plan, section and long
section.
FRZLAY - Function to freeze the selected layer.

GemcomCleaner (VB) - Visual Basic suite of programs to clean

information imported from Gemcom. Cleans
double lines, changes to the appropriate layer.

GEMELEV - Clean up program in Autocad to remove

unwanted elements from the GEMCOM survey program.
Program needs updating to be current.

GRDLINE - Generalised frame grid line program.

GRIDLINE - 3D version of the Grdline program
GRILLA - Gridline program that works in paperspace and
model space. For version 14 and 2000 of Autocad
5
 GROUPTOBLOCK - The program was developed to convert Carlson group
entities into block entities

HID - Program to hid entities by changing their

layer
HOUSE - Program to draw orthogonal lines in
without having to change the UCS.
HO - Program to scroll down through the layer
table

INPDBF - Program to import numeric values from a text file in 3-D

co-ordinates and place them in a drawing.

KLATTDF - Program to convert “root” attributes to text

entities

L
LAY - Program for selecting a specified layer by
picking one of the entities on the layer.

LAYLIST - Menu function used to display the layer of a

“picked” entity.

Limon - Program to calculate 3-D volumes

6
M

MAPINDEX - Program to position frame at the location

specified by a map index.

MGL - Program to insert and eliminate blocks.

Prepared for Langlois mine. Program to updtate block
attributes
MINECAD - Program to take Minecad file information and
convert it to Autocad drawing. Found in MGL
MIMIC - Line mimicking program for cleaning up
drawing that have double lines and mixed lines. Found
in MGL

N_STAB - underground stability program

NVTR - Program to initiate the parameters for the PTR program
that is used for blasthole generation

OVRBURDEN- Program to take points from a section and transfer it to

plan.

P
PCOORD - Places the co-ordinates of a point on the screen.

PIPE - Program to make templates of the opening and the cut

of two intersecting pipes.

Pipe (VB) - Pending work

7
 Planner (VB) - Visual Basic suite of programs for mine planning. This
includes ramps designs.

PLMAKE - Program used to convert lines into 3-D polylines.

PROBE - Program to be used to locate all the entities that

are on the specified layer and to place their location in a
file. The entities are found even if they are trapped in a
succession of blocks.
PROJECT - Program incorporated with SLOPE.LSP and used to
project traces of infrastructure on plan

PSGRID - Gride line program that can be used in paper

space or model space.

PTR - Program to generate parametric blast holes

based on some reference hole.

PuntoTopo(VB) - Visual Basic program to get point information from an

Excel Sheet and place the elements on the screen.

RNG - Program to print onscreen the name of the

layer

SCAN - Program to locate text and zoom into the text.

8
 SECTION - Group of programs used to make 2D sections
from 2D survey plans.
SEEK - Generalised text searching program.

SLOPE - Program to interpolate an elevation

between two points

STAINS - Program to take text file information and enter it

into a drawing. This program also has a function to
input tab delimited text files into Autocad

Statics (VB) - Program suite to determine the moment of inertia

and centroid of revolution.

STKPL - Stockpile calculation program.

SURVEY - Agglomeration of survey programs.

SXPLOT - Program to partition a plan and a section on the

same paper plot.

T
TABCFG - Program to reconfigure the tablet after the
TABLET CFG zero menu has been selected.

TestMine.xls- Spreadsheet and visual basic subroutines that will simulate

any configuration mine.

TICK - Program to put tick marks at 10m intervals

for drift or ramp design.

THOLE - Program to put test hole information on geology

plans.
9
 TOOLS - Group of general construction programs
1) RECT - rectangle
2) TABLES - table generating routine

TOPO - Survey program using DCL screens.

TOTSTA - File merging program used in conjunction with a

total station.

TRANS -

TRANSFER -

TXTATTR - Program to change text attributes in a drawing.

TXTSIZE - Menu program to change a specified text height

to another.

V
VSE-Program to make 3dpolylines for transfer from AutoCad to
Examine3d format. Program found in PLMAKE.LSP

VSEF – program to transfer 3dpolylines in Autocad to *.geo format

for introduction into Examine 3d. This program is found in
PLMAKE.LSP

W
WEDG - Program to plot a hemisphere for the evaluation of block
wedge analysis.
10
X
XTRACT - function to extract text from a
drawing bound by a pline and place it in a file

Z
ZAP - Generalised deletion program by colour,
layer and entity type.

11
 HOW TO STRUCTURE DRAWINGS

One of the greatest advantages to using CAD type programs is it's ability to
reproduce at various scales the drawings that are created by a user. One of CAD's
greatest weaknesses is that it in no way restricts the user in the way he/she
organises the data. All too commonly, one user will develop a variety of layers
that bear no meaning to the type of entity that is found on it. The user must
develop a strategy so that other users, either at site or elsewhere, can quickly
decipher what the layer means. The following is a general outline that can be
used in most mines that uses CAD type systems:

1) Keep the drawings small and compartmentalised. If the department is

divided into four different major components then there should be four
types of drawings. Each department must maintain their own drawings and
there be only one source for the drawings. An example would be:

Geology - directory GEOLOGY

The drawing are name after the level. An example is
ORE235.
The drawings in geology would have the pierce points
on a layer named DDH and the ore outline on another
layer with the ore called ORE. As a convention DDH
would be white and the ORE would be red. If there are
other major subdivisions such as different rock types
then they should be under different layers.

Give the layer a colour and not the entity. This is a

quick way to determine if an entity is on the wrong layer. An entity can be a
line, circle, text, etc.

Survey - directory SURVEY

12
The drawings for surveying should be named after the
elevation. Keep the elevations on a 5m increment so
that it reduces the number of drawings and it is easy for
anyone to locate the drawing. Whatever surveying was
done on the elevation within the mine is found in the
drawing. The user should not separate the drawings
into sheets, as this increases substantially the number of
drawings, the duplication of entities that must be
updated. Any updates that must be done should be
done by the person responsible and on only one
drawing.

The survey drawings would have the following layers:

Note: 235 is used solely as an example elevation. If the

elevation was 1050 then the layer would be 1050.

235 - The surveyed outlines would be found on this

layer. The text name of the headings should also be
included unless the user frequently has to plot drawings
without the text.

235ELEV - The survey elevations should be on this layer.

The common text size for elevations plotted at a 250
scale is 0.4. To further clarify the floor and back
elevations, it is good practice to place the appropriate
letter before the elevation. An example is F235.67,
which would be the floor elevation. The common colour
for the elevations is magenta.

235CONT - The control points and the lines are found

on this layer. The usual colour for this layer is green.

13
 Planning - directory PLAN
The planning drawing will usually include the drift, stope
layouts. The drawing names are PP235

PP235 - All the proposed drifts, excavation are found on

this layer. The usual colour for planning is blue. The
planned elevation is 0.6m high on a 250 scale. The
theoretical floors are specified as TF235.78 for clarity.
The design notes are 0.6m and the drift names are 1.0m
high.

PILLAR235 - All stoping pillars are found on this layer.

The colour convention for the pillars is turquoise.

HIDDEN - all hidden planning is found on this layer. As

the drifting advances, some of the older planning is
hidden so as to make the drawings clearer to the end-
user. The collar for the hidden lines when thawed is
white

Blasting - directory BLAST

The blasting drawings usually include the reference line
and the numbers. Also information such as special
pillars or blasting note may be found in these drawings.
The naming convention for the blast drawings is
PRD235. The colour convention is purple. Text size is
0.6m for a 250-scale drawing.

2) Insert only the drawings that are necessary when updating and
modifying the drawing and subsequently purge the drawings that
have been inserted as blocks. Blocks have the advantage of being
easy to eliminate. Make sure that an automatic purge is done on the
drawings. Autocad has the tendency of accumulating a lot of extra

14
data that can only be eliminated by purging at the start of the
drawing.

3) Do not subdivide any drawings that are associated to a specific

level. All entities that should appear on the specific level should be
on that level. By keeping the drawings small and compartmentalised,
the drawings the user must work with are smaller and quicker to
regenerate. Plotting is always the end result of the data
accumulation. With the plotting only the specific area that is desired
is outputted. Use standard blocks with attributes to insert the frame.
These have the advantage of being consistent for the end-user and
are easy to quickly define the scale that must be used. Use the
GRDLINE program to make the grid lines. This has the advantage of
being quick and eliminates the necessity to manually place grid lines
and co-ordinates on a frame.

4) Layer 0 is a layer where no valid information should exist. It

should be used as an error trapping mechanism. This is
accomplished by the use of colours on the other layers. Elevations
should be magenta; control points should be green. When they
appear in the drawing in the wrong colour, the user may quickly
determine that the specific entity is on the wrong layer. The end use
of the drawing will generally determine how the layers should be set
up. In geological mapping the elevations are not normally the
entities that one wishes to appear on the plotted drawing. In
Autocad, the only to not display entities is to freeze them or to erase
them. It is normally a lot quicker to freeze a layer than to erase
several entities.

5) Avoid placing limits or base point in the drawings. All drawings

should be in the scale unit that is commonly used as a base (in
metres or in feet). This insures that all the drawings that are
produced are similar. Insertion points for drawings should always be
0,0. The use of insertion base points leads to confusion.
15
6) The use of hatching requires a lot of memory and makes the
drawings slow to regenerate. The user should use these to a
minimum. The user should avoid creating extra information. An
example of this would be a surveyor trying to smooth out the
surveyed outlines by adding extra un-surveyed information. The
data may look better but the information may not be more useful.

7) Although Autocad is a 3-D drawing tool, it is still quite crude for

mining applications. It requires a lot of energy by all concerned to
maintain 3-D drawings. 3-D views of excavations are extremely
difficult to present on a screen and are usually limited to a
presentation tool, not a practical one. A lot of the Autocad
commands are still 2-D. The user should avoid using 3-D unless
absolutely required and if 3-D is required it is quite easy with some
basic tools to convert the 2-D drawings to 3-D for small areas of a
mine.

16
 CONVENTIONS

Most programs are measurement system independent. Autolisp programs give

the distance measurements in drawing units.

The blasthole programs convert metric unit drawings to feet, as it is still more
convenient for the drillers to know how far they have drilled in feet.

Angular units are in degrees, minutes, seconds (sexagesimal).

Strikes and dips are determined using the right hand rule. The index finger is
parallel to the strike of the plane and the thumb must be directed below the
horizontal plane. The strike of a plane is a horizontal line on a plane where any
movement along the line does not result in a difference of elevation. The dip is
perpendicular to the strike. The strike and the dips are in degrees.

Some programs that write to files normally require that the directory c:\temp be
created. In order to keep the programs simple and avoid numerous windows, the
file names are always the same.

Caution must be used when using snaps for certain programs as AutoCad does
not always react correctly with the programs. In certain cases the program
deactivates the snaps. The programs do not generally reset the values.

ACAD

Purpose:

This is the automatic and default lisp program that is loaded into Autocad when it
is placed in the ACAD or ACADWIN directory. It can be used to insert routines

17
that are used most often. It is also used to establish default settings in the
program. Refer to the listing of the program to understand the use of dormant
functions. The use of dormant functions helps minimise the use of memory as
only called functions are loaded.

How to use:

Automatically loaded into Autocad when the lisp program is placed in the right
directory.

AH

Purpose:

The program is used to correct the layer of the last entered entity that the user
has not put on the right layer. The correct layer is selected and the selected layer
is activated.

How to use:

Type AH

Questions:

1) Select the layer :

Once an entity on the desired layer has been chosen, the last entity’s layer is
changed to the selected layer and the selected layer is activated. If no layer has
been selected a message - No entity selected – is displayed and nothing is done.

18
 ALAY

Purpose:

The program is used to change entities from one layer to the active layer. It is
used mainly for fixing up a drawing where several entities have been misplaced

How to use:

Type ALAY

Questions:

2) Select the entities you wish to change :

Once the selection of the entities has been done the Enter is used to terminate
the command. The entities will be converted to the active layer.

ALPHA

Purpose:

The program is used to generate a text array that is composed of a static prefix
(alphanumeric) and a numeric incremental suffix. It is mainly used to identify
blast rings on plans.

19
How to use:

Type ALPHA

Questions:

1) What is the starting alphabetic prefix: This can be a string of any

length without spaces. If Enter is pressed without a string, then no
prefix will be added.

2) What is the numeric suffix: This is the starting number of the ring.
It can be any integer value.

3) What is the increment for the suffix: This is the increment integer
value. If no value is entered, then the default increment value is 0.

4) Pick the starting point: This is the starting point on the drawing
from which the text will be placed. The text is centred about the
point.

5) Pick the ending point: This is the ending point limit where text will
appear.

6) What is the text size: This is the text size for the characters that
will be generated. The optimum size for 250 scale drawings is 0.6.

7) What is the interval distance between the entities? This is normally

the spacing between the rings. The value is a real number.

Once all the parameters have been answered, the text array is generated on the
drawing. The text is centred about the starting point and its increments.

20
 ARCLEN

Purpose:

The program is measures the arc length of circle or arc. This is mainly used in
construction or in ramp design where one does not want to manually calculate
the angles and the radius.

How to use:

Type ARCLEN

Questions:

1) Starting point : This is the starting point of the arc that

must be measured.
3) Entity: This is the arc that is to be measure. Any point on the
arc is valid.
4) What is the ending point of the arc: This is the ending point on
the arc to be measured.

The resultant from the function is the measurement of the arc length.

BA

Purpose:

21
Program to scroll up through the the Layer table in order to freeze the active
layer and to scroll up through the Layer Table and active the layer

How to Use:

Type BA

This program is include within the Blast program

BIT

Purpose:

This program is used to analyse the impact location of the button bits on a rock
face based on the bit face configuration, the bit rotation speed and hammer
frequency. The bit face configuration is the spatial distribution of the carbide
button on a percussion bit face. This program plots the impact points in order to
analyse visually whether the combination of buttons, rotation and frequency
adversely affects the wear of the carbide buttons.

The program displays the impact points as seen from the drill. That is the
rotation is counter-clockwise. The rock would see the impact in a clockwise
direction.

How to use:

Type BIT

Questions:

Update Continue

22
 The update option is used when a new bit face
configuration is entered for trial. This is also used after
the program is loaded and the initial bit must be
entered.

The continue option is used when a bit face has

previously been entered and the user simply wishes to
determine the effects of rotation or hammer frequency.

Update
How many buttons are on the face:

This is the number of buttons on the face of the

bit.

Locate the centre:

This is the centre of the bit face. The program

works best if the dimensions of the bits are in
mm. Actual size drawings are the best.

Pick the buttons centres:

This is the impact centre of the buttons. The

program will iterate through this question until all
the buttons have been selected

What is the hammer frequency (Hz)?

This is the hammer percussion frequency. It is expresses in

cycles/seconds or blows/second. Each hammer has its
specific operating range.

What is the bit rpm?

23
 This is the rotation speed in rounds per minute of the bit.
Beware that when referring these result to real world results,
that rpm and feed pressure are related.

Where do you want to start the revolutions (point)?

This is the point, which is selected by the picking device or the

co-ordinates, where the centre of the display of the impact
points is located. The user should place it sufficiently far away
from the original bit face so that there is no overlay in the
plotting of the impact points on the original design.

How many seconds do you wish to revolve the bit?

This is the number of seconds that the bit face will be rotated
in simulated time. Typically 0.5 seconds is sufficient to display
the impact pattern without cluttering the meaningful
information.

The plotting will place a small circle at the location where

every button would strike the rock. The program is extremely
simple but shows visually the timing problems of the drilling
system.

BLAST

Purpose:

24
This program is a tool for the blasthole planner. The planner prepares the blast
layouts and uses the program to find the length of the holes, the offset and the
dip.

Once the holes have been entered, it is possible to find the surface area of the
blast pattern and the total drilled length. This program serves to reduce the
amount of mechanical work the planner has to do.

It is important when the drawings are produced, that the horizontal reference line
be as long as possible in order that the precision of the "offset" be accurate.

It is necessary to TABLET before using this function in order to have the proper
scale.

How to use:

Type BLAST

Questions

The program will start by asking the extremities of the frame and the centre of
the pivot within that frame. Before using this function make sure that the
digitizer is calibrated.

Once the initialisation has been done it does not have to be redone except if you
wish to recalibrate. Typing (SETQ CALIBRE NIL) on the command line does this.

NEW: Serves to initialise a new sheet. The pivot point of the

sheet and a point on the reference line to the right of the pivot
point are required. It is important that the sheets not move, as
inaccuracies will develop.

LINES: This serves to identify the holes. The information required is the
start of the hole and the end of the hole. It is preferable to always be
25
 sequential and follow the nomenclature of the original plan. If
"Enter" is the first command entered after this option, then the
command will be terminated. It is possible to return into this
command and enter other holes as long as the sheet has not been
moved. If the sheet has been moved, then "NEW" must be used
again and this will eliminate all the visible work on the screen.

SURFACE: This command serves to calculate the area covered by

the holes and the total length of the drill holes.

There are two types of surfaces that the program can handle. These
are "open surfaces" or "closed surfaces". An open surface is one that
does not completely enclose around the drill drift. A closed surface
completely incorporates the drill drift within its area.

After the calculations are done, a PLINE will indicate the area
calculated. The program at this point of development does not allow
for any corrections. All corrections must be done manually.

END: This option is used to terminate the program.

This program comprises of a suite of blast related subroutines that may be used
as tools to make blast layouts. Included in this package are:
Trou : select the entity and print the text on the screen.
Coupes : program to make sections from lines and text
Dessin : program to draw the information generated from Coupes
Surface : program to calculate total length and surface area from the holes
selected in trou.
Nvtr : program to select the starter hole for designing blast patterns.
Ptr : program to generate the holes with the appropriate selected burden.

26
 BLSTLTR

Purpose:

This program is used to generate a blasting letter for long holes. Hole
information is entered from the blasthole section and the program cumulates the
data and prepares a report.

How to use:

Type BLSTLTR

Questions
Options: Newblast RIng Delete Print Save Recover End

Newblast This option will destroy the present hole data. It

is used to clear the memory of the present blast
and start a new one. Save should be used to save
the previous blast letter.

What is the name of the blast: This is the name

of the new blast letter. An example of a blast
name is 4950-150.2. This would indicate the
stope and the blast number as the extension.

RIng what is the ring number: This is the string

representation of the ring number. It may be
alphanumeric. Once a ring has been entered the
program will create a layer representing the ring
and will display only that layer. To view section
overlaid the LAYER command of Autocad may be
used. Once the ring number has been entered the
following menu will be displayed:

27
Ring Option: Hole Delete Explosive Finish Regen
Surf_delay

Hole This option is used to enter the hole

information. The following questions are
asked in a circular fashion to get all the
holes of the ring:

What is the hole number: This is the

number of the hole on the section.

Point to the starting point of the hole: This

is the point where the hole and the
excavation meet.

Point to the ending point of the hole: This is

the point where the hole terminates away
from the excavation.

Point to bottom of the deck: This is

the deck that is the furthest away
from the collar of the hole.

Point to the top of the deck: This is

the point of the deck that is the
closest to the collar.

Material: Explosive Dtem: Two type of

materials may be found in a deck: an
Explosive as specified in the
Explosive option or stemming
material. The stemming option
generally applies to downholes
28
 What is the cap number: This is the
cap number that is used if the
material specified in the previous
question is Explosive. The cap is
considered to be a down the hole
delay. All caps are considered
multiple of 25ms with 1 being 25ms,
2 - 50ms, etc.

The information of the hole is

displayed and a request to verify that
the information is valid is shown.
Press Y or Enter to accept and save
the information, otherwise the
information is not stored to the hole
database. A message is issued to the
user if the information has not been
saved.

Delete This option is used to delete a

specific hole from the database. If an
error has been made when entering a
hole, the hole must be deleted and
then re-entered in its entirety.

What is the hole number: This is the

number of the hole that must be
deleted.

Explosive this option is used to define the type

of explosive that is to be used in the
blast. Whenever a change is made in
the type of explosive used in the
29
 holes, this option must be used to
get the proper type of explosive and
hole size.

Explosive type: Anfo Superfrac Magnafrac

Powerfrac: These are simply some basic
explosives used. The user may go into the
program and change the type, loading
density and hole size depending on types
used at the specific mine.

Hole size: 2.5 3.5 4.5: This is the hole

diameter in inches. The user may modify it
to be metric if necessary.

Finish This option is us to terminate the ring menu

options.

RegenThis option is used to correct the data on a

section by erasing all the entities and
regenerating only the valid entities directly
from the hole database. When delete is
used this function is executed
automatically.

Surf_delay This option is used to define the surface

delay applicable to the hole or hole
subsequently entered. The delay
must be in milliseconds. The surface
delay is used to calculate the
kgs/delay and is used in conjunction
with the down the hole delays.

Print This option is used to print out the report to the printer.
30
 Do you wish to double prime the blast? (Yes No):
For some blasts all the accessories have to be
double as a backup. The double prime will double
the quantity of surface and down the hole delays
by two.

What is the surface delay: The program cannot

store all the surface delays that have been
specified in the hole entry. Normally it is an easy
task for the user to enter the surface delays at this
stage.

Units used: This is the quantity of surface delays

used. If the double prime option is used, the
quantity specified under this option will be
doubled in the report. To terminate the entry of
the surface delays, simply press Enter until a list
of the surface delays is displayed on the screen.

Are the surface delays valid? (Yes No): If the

surface delays specified are valid simply press Y,
otherwise the surface delays will be rejected and
the re-entry process will begin again.

Once the surface delays have been validated, the

printing of the report will begin on the printer.

Save this option is used to save the hole database to a

file with the name of the blast. The file will have
the name of the blast specified at the start of the
program. Caution must be exercised in the
choice of the file name so as not to overwrite

31
 previous files. The program does not verify if the
file exists.

Recover this option is used to recover from a file the

blasthole database. The entities are then created.
Do not use a drawing that has previous entities,
as there may be a data loss.

End This option is used to terminate the program.

The program may be restarted at any time as the
variables of the program are kept in memory.

C0

Purpose:

To freeze all layers except layer 0

How to use:

Type C0 (C – Zero). This will automatically hide all the layers except Layer zero.
Layer 0 will become the active layer. This program is included in Blast.lsp.

CDIST

Purpose:

32
This function is identical to DIST in Autocad but cumulates the distance at each
point selected or entity.

How to use:

Type CDIST

Questions 1) Start Point:

2) Next Point:
Output = cumulative distance
3) Return to step 2

To terminate the function type CTRL-C or escape in the WINDOWS platform.

COLLAR

Purpose:

The program uses plan and section information from a blasthole grid system to
determine the co-ordinates of blasthole collars. The plan view in conjunction
with the sections determines the 3-D co-ordinates of the collar. The start and
end of the holes coupled with the dump of the holes determines the azimuth and
dip of the holes. The information derived from the plans and sections is stored in
a file for use by another program or for printing.

How to use:

Type Collar

33
 The plan that is used to determine the reference line must have been
tableted so as to get the proper scale and co-ordinate location. The
scale of the plan and the sections need not be the same but the
TABLET command of Autocad must be used to readjust the scales.

The program is subdivided into two major components: 1) the

Reference line and 2) the Section.

The initial menu will appear as follows:

Refline Sectline End

Refline
Refline is used to define the reference line for the blasthole grid
system. The grid system can have any orientation in plan view. The
reference line can be a New one or a Recalled reference line that has
previously been stored. Every time a new reference line is created, it
is stored in a file COLLAR.LST. Recall is used to recover the reference
line information.

When a New reference line is chosen the points that define the grid
system is requested.

Questions:

Locate section point 1: This is a point that intersects the

reference line and the section line. The reference line must be
found on every section. This may be a common easting or
northing.

Locate section point 2: This is a point along the section line.

The section line does not have to be perpendicular to the
reference line.

34
 What is the line number: This is the number of the line. This
must be a numeric integer.

Locate another section on the reference line: This is a point on

the reference line that intersects another section line. The
direction of increase or decrease of the line number is not
important and is handled by the program.

What is the line number: This is the section line number.

Please enter stope name: This is the name of the stope. The
name must be a maximum of 8 characters. The stope name is
also used as the filename. The file name will have the
extension. DAT.All co-ordinates calculated for the stope will
be appended to the file. The user has the responsibility to
erase the file once the data is no longer useful. The file is a
text file that is easy to edit using any standard text editor.

Please enter ref. line: This is the name of the reference line. A
stope may have several different reference lines. The
reference line name is usually alphabetic and short. The
addition of numbers leads to confusion, as the line numbers
are numeric. An example of a line number / reference line
combination is G7. Note that the reference line name is case
sensitive.

When Recall is used to recover a reference line form the file COLLAR.LST
the following information is requested:

Questions:

Please enter the stope name: This is an eight-character file

name with no extension. The program handles the extension
to the stope name. COLLAR.LST is the file that contains all the
35
 reference line information. If the stope name is invalid an
error message will be returned to the user.

Please enter ref. line name: This is the name of the reference
line for the stope. Note that the reference line name is case
sensitive.

Sectline

This second section of the program uses the blasthole sections to

determine the co-ordinates of the collar.

Once Sectline has been selected the following menu is displayed:

Calib Holes View End

Calib

This option is used to calibrate the section.

Questions:
What is the line number: This is the numerical line number.
The number need not be within the limits of those specified in
Refline.

Point to the reference line: This is the point of intersection

between the reference line common on all sections and the
reference elevation specified in View.

Point to another point on the reference line: This is a point on

the reference elevation line. The point is necessary to correct
for the difference in orientation of the section relative to the
true grid.

Holes
36
 This section is used for the determination of the collar
locations. To terminate this section of the program press
Enter on the first question shown below.

Questions:
Point to the collar of the hole: This is the point at which the
drift and the hole meet.

Point to the end of the hole for dip: This is the end point of the
hole. It is used to determine the dip of the hole in section.

Dump (+ into view)(- towards viewer): The angle of the section

from the horizontal is considered the dump angle. A 90-
degree dump is perpendicular to the plan view and a 0-degree
dump is a plan view. A dump that is into the view (i.e. away
from the observer) is considered positive, whereas, a negative
dump occurs when the dump is toward the viewer. This
applies for both upholes and downholes.

The hole collar location is then displayed as well as the dip and
azimuth relative to the true mine grid. The information is also stored
in a file for used by another program or for printing. There is no
error correction routine in this program. All correction or deletion of
information can be easily handled through a text editor.

View
This section is used to accommodate for different observer views.
The following questions will determine how the co-ordinates will be
calculated:

Questions:

Looking: North South East West

37
 The user must specify the view of the blasthole sections.

What is the elevation of the pivot: The elevation reference line that is
common on all sections. It is used to get the proper elevation of the
collar. By default the view is EAST and the elevation is 0.0.

Category:

This is the type of hole. Typically blastholes are BH. Only two
characters are permitted for the category. The program will accept
more but the additional characters are not stored. All lowercase
characters are converted to uppercase.

Region:

This is the region. It is used to further detail the hole location and is
used by the "LYNX" system.

When entering into Sectline for the first time in a session, the "View" option
should be selected before the Holes option. If this is not done the
elevation, co-ordinates and orientations may not be correct.

End
This option is used to terminate normally from the Sectline option.

Notes:

All lowercase alphabetic characters are converted to uppercase when they are
stored in the file for data transfer to the FoxPro program.

The program upon writing to the file that is specified by the stope name
automatically generates a borehole number that must be unique for the LYNX
system. It is therefore important that the user follows the guidelines in entering
38
the information and that the initial blasthole design take these constraints into
account. Otherwise, duplicate blasthole names will be created and the validity of
the database will be questionable.

Limitations and Standards

1) All automatically generated borehole names are 8 alphanumeric characters.

2) The first two characters are numbers representing the level. The second and
the third digits of the level are used. Examples are:
5060 ===> 06
5015 ===> 01
4960 ===> 96
4950 ===> 95
4940 ===> 94
4900 ===> 90
4885 ===> 88
4870 ===> 87

It is important that the naming of the stope be proper as the second and third
digit of the stope name are used to generate the first two number of the borehole
name. Examples are : 5060-170, 506170P4, etc.

3) The third character should be a letter and represents the reference line name.
The reference line name is one character and can be any alphabetic character A.Z.
Lowercase is automatically converted to uppercase. If no reference line is
entered, then the default letter is R.

4) The next two digits are the reference line numbers. These are an integer
ranging from 00 to 99. No alphabetic characters are permitted.

39
5) The next character is the hole number prefix. The prefix is alphabetic and can
be from A.Z. All lowercase characters are converted to uppercase. If no prefix is
included, then the default letter is H.

6) The next two characters are alphanumeric. Hole numbers do not have to be
numeric. All lowercase alphabetic characters are converted to uppercase. Holes
names such as A2 is converted to A02, 2 is converted to H02.

Below is a quick break down of the naming scheme:

LEVEL RING NUMERIC RING HOLE ALPHANERIC

(0.99) PREFIX NUMBER(0.. 99) PREFIX HOLE
(A..Z) (A..Z) NUMBER
DEFAULT: R H
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

CORE

Purpose:

The program may be used to evaluate the relationship between holes of various
dips and azimuths to determine if they have the same loci of strikes and dips. As
the technique to determine the strikes and dips is an iterative one, small circles
are used to represent the strike/dips that the program has determined.

How to use:

Type CORE

40
Questions:

1) What is the hole azimuth (degrees from North, clockwise). The

angle is in decimal degrees.

2) What is the hole dip (+ is considered looking down and - is

looking up).

3) What is the core angle (decimal degrees). The core angle is the
smallest angle found at the intersection of the fracture plane (or
other feature) and the axis of the core.

4) What is the hole number. An optional hole number may be

entered to further describe the hole. The hole number is used to
create a layer for each hole. By changing the colours and using a
pline to connect the circles the individual holes may be emphasised.

The program is easy to use but some experience is required to interpret the
information generated. The relationship between holes is not always evident
especially when there is a variance in the azimuth and dip. The program provides
a rapid visual method of analysing drill holes that do not have to be drilled on the
same azimuth.

COPY

Purpose:

This program is used to copy one file onto another or appended to another file.

41
How to use:

Type (COPY “/acad/lsp/scrap.txt” “/acad/lsp/scrap1.txt”)

Questions

1) No questions to this function.

The / must be used and not the \ in the description of the file. Autocad uses \
for special characters.

COUPES

Purpose:

To generate cross section from an AutoCad drawing

How to Use:

Type Coupes The program Blast.lsp must have been loaded in order to have this
program available

Questions:

1) Select next point. The user must select a polygon of entities to define
the selected entities.
2) Select starting point. The entity selection is activated. The user must
select the first point in order to define the view direction.
3) Select ending pint. The user must select the ending point in order to
define the vector view direction.

42
The user must define the reference and section lines on the layer LIGNES. Each
of the lines must have unique name. The text closest to the end of a line is
used as a section line name. The survey lines must be on an elevation name
(eg 349) and the text of the Backs and Floors must be on the layer with the
appendix EL (eg. 349EL).

All the information I saccumulated in the directory C:\temp\coupes.asc.

To draw the sections from the files coupes use the program Dessin

CUBICO

Purpose:

This program is used to calculate areas and tonnages. The program asks the user
to define an polygon that is then used to source out the text with the appropriate
prefix “T” for back and “P” for the floor.

A DCL is used for the data entry

How to use:

Type CUBICO

Questions

1) The user must define the area to calculate using the Select Pline
button.

43
 2) The program then seeks within the area the text for the back and
the floor (e.g. T234.5 P230.4) and does the averages, the
maximum and the minimum values.
3) The area is calculated from the polygon defined by the lines. The
volume is a resultant of the area by the average height and the
tonnage, volume by tonnage factor.
4) The recalculate button is used when the tonnage factor is
changed or the average height is entered manually.

The results are displayed within the DCL and the recalculate button is when
changes are made manually. The only edit boxes that have effect by changing
manually are the average height and the tonnage factor.

DELLAYER

Purpose:

This program eliminates all entities on a specified layer.

How to use:

Type DELLAYER or use menu

Questions 1) Choose: Entity Layer-name:

If <E>ntity

2) Choose Entity:

44
 Response: Layer : {layer name}

3) Confirm layer to delete: (Yes No)

If <Y>es is chosen then all the entities

On that layer will be deleted from the
Drawing.

If <N>o is chosen then the function is

halted and none of the entities are
eliminated.

If <L>ayer-name

2) Layer to delete: {type layer name}

This program will not eliminate entities that have the specified
layer name but are "trapped" within a succession of blocks. To eliminate the
layers (i.e. for simple entities only) from the drawing save the drawing and then
use the PURGE command upon re-entry into the drawing.

DESSIN

Purpose:

Program to draw sections from the file C:\temp\coupes.asc.

How to use:

Type Dessin

45
No other commands are necessary. The program verifies in the
c:\temp\coupes.asc file to get the information. The information is tab
delimited and the format is as follows:

[Section name] [X0] [Roof elev] [Floor elev] [X1] [Roof elev 2] [Floor elev 2]

The program forms rectangles to represent the excavation

EDTEXT

Purpose:

This program serves as a dynamic text editor and bypasses CHANGE or DDEDIT.
It is quick but still has a few flaws. It will work with left-justified text. This
version was developed for version 12 and less. Conflicts with higher versions.

How to use:

Type EDTEXT or insert into the menu

Questions 1) pick the text:

After having selected the text, the position

of the cursor will be seen on the command
line. The main reason for this is that most of the
AUTOCAD fonts are proportional and it is quite
laborious to exactly position the cursor.

The following keystrokes are valid:

46
 I) All ASCII characters are permitted
ii) Alt-I may be used to toggle between the
NORMAL mode and the INSERT mode. The
normal mode is identified by the
underscore "_" nested in the text and
the insert mode by the pound "#".
iii) The mouse may be used to displace the
cursor rapidly.
iv) The cursor keys may be used to displace
the cursor. Use PgUp or PgDn to
accelerate the movement of the cursor.
v) Backspace key may be used to eliminate
characters to the left of the cursor.
vi) Del is used to delete on character to
the right of the cursor.
vii) Enter is used to terminate the function.

FAULT

Purpose:

The purpose of this program is to visually see the apparent movements of fault
blocks in plan, section and longitudinal.
The program assumes that there is a marker bed within the original block and
that it is being displaced. This program is a tool to evaluate what one should
expect to find at another elevation, section or longitude given that one view has
been defined. The defined fault plane is the assumed slip plane.

The critical parameters are:

Vein : i) width

47
 ii) Azimuth
iii) Dip

Fault: i) azimuth
ii) Dip

Movement: Two movements are possible: a) along the strike of

the fault and along the dip of the fault.

Perspective: Three parameters exist:

a) Section
b) Longitude
c) Elevation

These three parameters serve to determine the

point of origin of the intersection. In this
manner actual mine co-ordinates may be used so it
is easier to locate within the mine workings.

View: The three parameters Z-elevation, Y-north and X-

east serve to determine the views at other points than
those specified in the "Perspective" entry. With the views at
different points it is easier to determine visually whether the
structural hypothesis is valid. Correlation with actual
mapping may be done easily.

How to use:

Note: It is important to initialise all the above parameters before using

"view" otherwise the program will not work.

Type FAULT

48
Questions

1) INitial FAult MOvement PErspective VIew ENd

INitial : The command to initialise the

dimension of the block that one wishes to
evaluate. These include width of plan, depth
of section, and height of longitudinal.

VEin : The command requests the azimuth of the

vein, the dip and the true thickness.
The true thickness is calculated
perpendicular to the plane of the vein.

FAult : The command serves to establish the

attitude of the fault. Avoid azimuth
Close to 0 or 90 degrees as they may cause
the program to malfunction. Use angle 1 or 89 degrees
instead. The left-hand rule applies to the orientations
of the fault.

As an example: azimuth 315 / dip 45

indicates a strike NW/SE with a dip direction to
the NE at 45 degrees. Azimuth 45 / dip 60 indicates a
NE/SW strike with a dip 60 degrees towards the SE.

MOvement : This selection requests

the movement of the vein along the azimuth of
the strike of the fault. It is to be noted that the
movement is assumed to be half the distance on
each side of the fault.

49
 Perspective : With this selection it is
possible to define co-ordinates that are relative to
the mine workings. The mid point of intersection
between the fault and the vein is considered the
origin.

VIew : In order to visualize the

effect of the movement at a different location in
the co-ordinate system, the N, E and elevation
can be entered here. With this new view it is
possible to confirm a hypothesis rapidly.

ENd : Exiting through this

command avoids the user from having to redefine
the VEin, FAult, MOvement and PErspective. The
user will find it convenient to exit the program in
order to plot, do measurements or to move
certain entities on the drawing.

FRZLAY

Purpose:

The purpose of the program is to freeze a layer that has been "picked". If the
layer that is to be frozen is the "current" one, then layer 0 will become the
"current" layer. This function is normally put in the menu as it is used often.

How to use:

50
Type FRZLAY or use the menu

Questions: 1) Select the entity to be frozen:

GEOLOG

Purpose:

To do a gelogical interpretation and hatch a closed surface. This is used to

transfer geological interpretation from Autocad to Gemcom in a more user-
friendly way than Gemcom does.

How to Use:

The program uses a Dialog Box. There are still a few bugs to fix but generally
works well. TO BE CONTINUED

GRDLINE

Purpose:

Program to draw gridlines in 2D. The program asks for the corners of the frame
and the title block, the scale of the drawing. The program draws the lines and the
co-ordinates of the view.

How to use:

Type GRDLINE

51
Questions: 1) BOTTOM LEFT HAND CORNER: This is the bottom left
hand corner of the frame.

2) TOP RIGHT HAND CORNER: This is the top left-hand corner of

the frame.
3) TOP LEFT CORNER OF TITLE BLOCK: This is the top left-hand
corner of the title block. The program only accepts frames
with the title block at the bottom right hand corner of the
frame.
4) “OPTIONS: Plan Section Longitude: Three options exist for the
plotting of the grid system. If the Plan option is selected then
the X co-ordinate is E and the Y is N. For Section the X is N and
the Y is the elevation. For Longitude the X is E and the Y is the
elevation.
5) INTERV. BETWEEN GRID LINES: This is the interval between the
lines in the X Y direction for the plan and X for the section and
longitude option.
6) VERTICAL INTERV. BETWEEN GRID LINES: The vertical interval
applies for the Section and Longitude options. This is the
distance between the lines.
7) SCALE: 100 200 500 1000 Other: The scale applies to the text
size of the co-ordinates. The “Other” option is used to
determine the size of text for drawings in other scales.
Determine the scale using an actual drawing. For example, if
the text size at 300 scale is 2 meters then enter at HEIGHT OF
TEXT: 2.0
8) Do you wish to insert the North arrow? YES, NO.=> The Y or N
option is required to enter the North arrow on the plan.

The resultant of the program is the drawing of the co-ordinates lines and
numbers in the X and Y direction. The lines are drawn within the specified frame
avoiding the title block.

52
 GRIDLINE

Purpose:

Program to draw gridlines in 3D. The program asks for the corners of the frame
and the title block, the scale of the drawing. The program draws the lines and the
co-ordinates of the view. The GRIDLINE program resembles GRDLINE but is a
generalised grid program. Using the UCS to determine the view in any direction,
the program will generate in the current UCS the gridlines in the X Y Z direction.

How to use:

Type GRIDLINE

Questions: 1) BOTTOM LEFT HAND CORNER: The bottom left hand

corner of the frame in the current UCS.

2) TOP RIGHT HAND CORNER: The top right hand

corner of the frame in the current UCS
3) TOP LEFT CORNER OF TITLE BLOCK: The top left-hand
corner of the title block.
4) INTERV. BETWEEN EAST LINES: The interval between the line
in East or X direction
5) INTERVAL BETWEEN NORTH LINES:
6) INTERVAL BETWEEN elevation LINES:
7) SCALE: 100 200 500 1000 Other: The scale of the drawing.
Other is used for scales that are not defined

53
 8)"Do you wish to insert the North arrow? YES, NO.=> The
question is used to insert the North Arrow on the drawing.

The program generates the grid lines in a projected plane of the present view.
The program to determine which lines will be drawn within the frame uses the
UCS origin UCS X direction and UCS Y direction.

GROUPTOBLOCK

Purpose:

Program was designed to convert grouped entities created by the Carlson

program.

How to use:

Type GROUPTOBLOCK

Questions: 1) Select the entities that must be converted. The

program will determine if the group exists with a “sptxxx”
block and a "SRVPNO1" block with contains the attributes
2) The program will substitute the group entities
with substitute the block.

INPDBF

54
Purpose:

INPDBF is a group of programs that can be used to plot sections, geochem and
infrastructure plots from a text file. A structure file is used to define the
variables, constraints and conditions for plotting. The program plots in “true” 3D
the information. The text is displayed in the UCS that has been chosen to plot
the data.

How to use:

Type Inpdbf

General Program questions:

Questions 1) Please enter the name of the structure file: The

structure file is the file that contains information on
the about the treatment of the data.
2) Please enter the name of the data file: This is the
name of the data file that contains the information to
be plotted.
3) What is the default scale of the text 20 50 100 Other :
This is the scale of the default text and depends on the
scale of the drawing. Other is used when custom
default scale plots are required. Text size can also be
defined in the structure file.

Structure file

The structure file determine relationships between the database and how the
program will actually treat the data. A pseudo interpreter has been incorporated

55
into the program to give the user the flexibility to determine the final
presentation.

An example file is shown below which can be called STRUCT.TXT

VAR_DEF
POZO ESTE NORTE COTA AZIMUT INCLIN LARGO DESDE
HASTA Inter Zn Au Fe Codigo EOL

CNTRL
TAGOFFSET 1.0 -3.0
LINEWIDTH 2.0
NOTICK
END_CNTRL

FILTER
Zn > 0.1
END_FILTER

ASSOC
ESTE WITH X
NORTE WITH Y
COTA WITH Z
POZO WITH HOLE
AZIMUT WITH AZIMUTH
INCLIN WITH DIP
DESDE WITH FROM
HASTA WITH TO
Codigo WITH UNIT
0 UNIT COLOR MAGENTA
1 UNIT COLOR GREEN
2 UNIT COLOR CYAN
56
3 UNIT COLOR ORANGE
4 UNIT COLOR ORANGE
5 UNIT COLOR ORANGE
6 UNIT COLOR CYAN
7 UNIT COLOR YELLOW
8 UNIT COLOR RED
8 UNIT COLOR BROWN WHEN Fe > 6.0 AND Zn < 4.0
9 UNIT COLOR BLUE
10 UNIT COLOR GREEN
11 UNIT COLOR PURPLE
;Zn WHEN Zn > 0.0 SIZE 0.3 COLOR WHITE
Zn WHEN Zn > 0.0 SIZE 0.3 COLOR WHITE
Zn WHEN Zn > 5.0 SIZE 0.3 COLOR GREEN
Zn WHEN Zn > 9.0 SIZE 0.3 COLOR RED
END_ASSOC

TASK
;PLOT SECTION ORIGIN x y z DEPTH m LOOKING azimuth dump VARS
[WGHTAVG] Cu Ag
;azimuth and dump are from the viewing direction
PLOT SECTION ORIGIN 266800 5007400 0 DEPTH 25.0 LOOKING 45 0 VARS Zn
Fe
END_TASK

The structure file is composed of the following section dividers:

1) VAR_DEF defines the variables in the data file. The variables are case
sensitive. The line below VAR_DEF is the header of the text file. The
fields must be TAB delimited and the ultimate entry of the line EOL to
determine the end of the variable list. Not all the variables need to be
displayed or used.
2) CNRTL END_CNTRL This section controls various function in the
plotting of the such as:

57
 TAGOFFSET determines where the tag will be displayed relative to the
end of the hole. LINEWIDTH is the width of the borehole trace.
NOTICK will disable the display of the tick marks indicating
separation of the lithologies on the borehole trace.
3) FILTER END_FILTER This section is used to filter out data from being
plotted.
4) ASSOC END_ASSOC This section is used to associate the database
found in the data file with keywords that are used by the program to
give the user the final product desired.

The types of associations are: I) variable association that links the user
defined variables such as X Y Z. The critical minimal data associate
that is required for the program to plot is: a)ESTE WITH X, b) NORTE
WITH Y, c) COTA WITH Z, d)POZO WITH HOLE, e) AZIMUT WITH
AZIMUTH, f) INCLIN WITH DIP, g)DESDE WITH FROM h)HASTA WITH
TO. The WITH keyword is used to determine a variable association.

The UNIT association relates how the borehole trace will be

displayed. The syntax to the association is <<string>> UNIT
<<WHEN condition>> COLOR <<valid color name>>. The WHEN
condition is used to determine lithologies based on grades.

The assay association is used to determine based on certain

conditions whether a value will be displayed. The syntax is
<<variable>> WHEN <<condition>> <<SIZE size>> <<COLOR
color_name>>. This association is used to determine which color
and size of text will be displayed if the conditions are met. The last
valid condition in the association list determines the plotted
conditions. It is therefore important to structure the file with the
verification sequence in mind.

5) TASK END_TASK This section determines the task that has to be

accomplished. A sample task is shown above in the sample file. The
syntax is as follows: PLOT SECTION ORIGIN <<X>> <<Y>> <<Z>>
58
 DEPTH <<value>> LOOKING <<azimuth>> <<dip>> VARS
[WGHTAVG] <<variable1 variable2 …>> The ORIGIN defines the
plane that must be projected onto. The DEPTH defines the area of
influence on each side of the plane. LOOKING is determined as the
vector that is defined from the origin of the plane to the viewer. The
azimuth is defined in surveyor’s units with North being 0. The dip is
0 when the vector is parallel to the horizontal +90 when directly
above and –90 when directly below. VARS defines the variable that
must be plotted. WGHTAVG is a keyword that can be used when a
weighted average is required within the confines of the plane and the
depth. The information is written to a file and can be used later in a
spreadsheet for further calculations.

Typically the problems encountered with the program will originate in the
structure file.

Comments in the data file or structure file must begin with a “;”in the first
column of the line in which they are encountered.

Elevation Z
Projection Viewer
Plane
Northing Y
Dip

Azimuth

Easting X

59
 LAY

Purpose:

This program identifies the layer on which the chosen entity is located and makes
that layer the "current" one. This program is typically in the menu as it is used
frequently.

How to use:

Type LAY

Questions 1) select the entity:

LAYLIST

Purpose:

This program displays on the command line the layer of the entity selected. This
command reduces the amount of information displayed on the screen and is
typically a substitute for the LIST command in AUTOCAD. This command is
typically found in the menu as it is frequently used.

How to use:

Type LAYLIST

Questions 1) select the entity

60
 Limon

Purpose:

This program is a suite of subroutines that are used to generate 3-D surfaces
and calculate surfaces and volumes in 3-D. This program was developped as
an inexpensive way of calculating volumes and surfaces but requires some
instruction.

How to use:

This program uses a Dialog box with buttons. TO BE COMPLETED

PIPE

Purpose:

The program is used to make wrap around templates for lateral Y intersecting
pipes and joining pipes. The program is divided into two subprograms:

1) LATERAL - Lateral Y program

2) JOIN - Intersecting pipe program.

The program makes an unwrapped 2D template that can then be cut out and
wrapped around a pipe so that the pipe fitter does not have to waste time doing
cutting and fitting of the two pipe. The program only does half of the 180
degrees of the template. If a complete template is required, then a mirrored
image of the half that appears on the screen can be done.

61
The shape that appears on the screen to the right for the lateral Y subprogram is
the hole in the larger pipe and the shape above is the wrap around on the smaller
pipe. The diameter of the larger pipe must always be larger or equal to the size
of the smaller pipe.

How to use

Type LATERAL

Questions:

1) The internal angle of intersection between the two pipes:

2) The diameter of the large pipe:

3) The diameter of the smaller pipe:

4) The increment in degrees of the segments:

The shapes that appear on the screen are formed from line
segments. The incrementation process in the program is in degrees
and the precision of the shape is left to the user. An optimal
increment has been found to be 5 degrees.

Type JOIN

Questions:

1) The internal angle of intersection between the two pipes:

2) The diameter of the pipe:

62
 3) The increment in degrees of the segments:

The shapes that appear on the screen are formed from line
segments. The incrementation process in the program is in degrees
and the precision of the shape is left to the user. An optimal
increment has been found to be 5 degrees.

OVRBURDEN

Purpose:

The purpose of the program is to transfer sectional elevations to plan in order

that isocontours be made. The program simply puts points in 2-D space in order
to speed up the process of making the isocontours. This program does not draw
the lines.

How to use:

Type SECPLAN

Questions 1) TABLET: This serves to determine the scale

and the Northing and elevation co-ordinates.

2) SECTION: An Easting is required in order to put

the information on plan.

3) PICK POINT: On the section "pick" the

points of interest that is necessary on the plan.
Once the point is "picked", a small circle with an elevation

63
tag is put in the drawing. The program always returns to 3)
until CTRL-C is used to end the program.

PLMAKE

Purpose:

This grouping of programs is used to convert lines into 3-D polylines, polyline
merging, line compression and exporting to Gemcom format for making solids.

The following programs included are:

Plmake – this routine is an aggregation of programs to clean and merge data.
Within this group are
a) erase lines that are points. This eliminates all lines that have the same
starting point and ending points.
b) erase identical lines. These are lines that are overlaying and normally
should not exist.
c) Archiving elevations – this section is used to tranfer from Autocad into a
text file text entities. An example would be the storing of floor and
back elevations to lighten up a drawing.
d) Select area – this is used to define the polygon that is the selection set.

e) Export – this is used to output to a text file in a manner acceptable to

Gemcom line data. Three files are produced and necessary so that
Gemcom may use it. This is Techo.txt (back elevation) Piso.txt(floor
elevation) and Pillar.txt(outline with no elevations). The program
attempts to make as many closed polylines as possible.

f) Ok – does nothing

g) Cancel – Terminate the function

64
 h) VSE – Makes vertical sections for Examine3d

i) VSEF – program to export 3d polylines from Autocad to Examine3D

How to use:

Type PLMAKE

Questions 1) Point of a corner, or

Centre of the rectangle

2) Point of the section corner, or

LEN_WDTH - the length and width of the
rectangle.

TOOLS

Purpose:

This grouping of program is essentially a toolbox of entity generating functions.

At the moment the following entities that may be formed are:

1) RECT - Rectangle generating routine.

65
How to use:

Type RECT

Questions 1) Point of a corner, or

Centre of the rectangle

2) Point of the section corner, or

LEN_WDTH - the length and width of the
rectangle.

PROBE

Purpose:

The purpose of this program is to search through a drawing database for entities
that have a specified layer name. It is often necessary to clean up a drawing of
some unwanted layers by PURGING the drawing. However, some layers cannot be
purged because they are trapped in a block or a not easily visible. This program
helps reduce the search time by placing in a file all the entities and their location.
The program searches through all the block (even the nested ones) and output to
the file PROBE.INF a listing of all the entities that meet the layer criteria.

Some layers cannot be purged if they are trapped in the block "definition" which is
not an entity. AUTOCAD keeps the block "definitions" separate from the actual

66
block "entities". As a result even if the "entity" blocks no longer have the layer,
the "definition" will still have it. In order to purge that layer it will be necessary to
redefine the block by reinserting the block in the following fashion (e.g. file is
STATION):

INSERT:
Block name to insert:
STATION=STATION
Insertion point:
CTRL-C

How to use:

Type PROBE

Questions 1) Which layer

Once the program has returned and displayed

nil on the command line, the information
pertaining to the entities on the specified layer are
found in PROBE.INF. To print the information to the
printer the DOS command TYPE PROBE.INF >PRN may be
used.

The information in the file has been structured so as to make it easier to find the
information. However, when it comes to block, the insertion points must be
added to actually locate the block or the entity. The general structure of the
ASCII file is as such:

>START
BLOCK 1
:
:
BLOCK n
67
 ENTITY
>END

The block information is as such:

1) Layer
2) Entity type
3) Entity name
4) Insertion point

The entity information is as such:

1) Layer
2) Entity point
3) Insertion point

SCAN

Purpose:

Program to seek a drawing for a specific text. This is a lower level program than
SEEK as SCAN only seeks exact text.

How to use:

Type Scan

Questions 1) Please enter text to scan... This is text that is

sought. The text sought is case sensitive.

68
 2) If text has been found that matches the
entered text then the text is displayed in the center of the
screen. If not found then the “Not found” display is displayed
on the command line.
3) When text has been found the following key
words are displayed as options: Continue or Terminate Out-
zoom In-zoom: Continue is used to go to the next word that
matches the conditions. Terminate is used to terminate the
function. Out is used to Zoom out or to demagnify the text.
In-zoom is used to zoom into the text to get more detail. If
no text entities are selected then the message: The text
cannot be found ... is displayed.

SECTION Seccion

Purpose:

This program transfers information from plan view to sections. This is a 2D

program.

How to use:

Type SECCION

This command will give a description of the four functions make up the program
and their use.

These programs are:

1) SXSTART Initialisation of the reference points for the section.

69
 2) SXINPUT Data entry program.

3) SXREL Program to translate and rotate an orthogonal projection.

4) SXPROFIL This program generates drift profiles. To use this

program, SXSTART must have run previous.

5) APSECT Program to produce unwrap sections.

Type SXSTART

Questions

1) STARTING POINT OF REFERENCE LINE:

This point must normally be located to the left of the section. This is to
avoid having projections done in a mirror fashion.

2) ENDING POINT OF REFERENCE LINE:

This is another point on the reference line.

3) ELEVATION OF THE REFERENCE LINE:

This is the elevation of the reference line.

Note: All points projected are done so orthogonal to the reference line. If the
starting point of the reference line is not to the left of the ending point, the
projection will be inverted and all points will be projected below the reference
line.

Type SXINPUT

Questions
70
 1) SELECT POINT:

This is the point that the user wishes to project.

2) ELEVATION OF POINT:

This is the elevation of the point. A text elevation may be selected or uses
ENTER to type in a numeric elevation.

3) TYPE OF POINT:

This is a text string that may be entered in front of the elevation that will
be printed at the projected point and may be used to clarify the type of
point that the user has selected. An example would be to use "F" for floor
or "B" for backs.

Type SXREL

Questions

1) SELECT THE RELATIVE POINT:

This point is equivalent to the translated STARTING POINT: of SXSTART.

2) ABSOLUTE ORIENTATION OF THE SECTION:

This is the orientation of the rotated reference line with # 1) (above) as the
origin. 0 is considered as east and is positive counterclockwise.

3) DIP OF THE SECTION:

71
 This feature may be used to prepare dipping sections that are not at 90
degrees. This has applications in blasting where drill sections are not
always at 90 degrees.

Note: SXSTART must be run before SXREL as some information that has
been generated in SXSTART is required in this function. The RELATIVE
POINT is equivalent to the STARTING POINT but translated.

Type SXPROFIL

Questions

1) POINT 1:

This is the first point on the plan view.

2) ELEVATION 1 LOWER:

This is the elevation of the floor of the drift.

3) ELEVATION 1 UPPER:

This the elevation of the roof of the drift.

4) POINT 2:

This is the second point on the plan view.

5) ELEVATION 2 LOWER:

This is the elevation of the floor of the drift.

72
 6) ELEVATION 2 UPPER:

This the elevation of the roof of the drift.

Note: This functions requires two points from a plan view and four elevations to
determine the floor and roof of the drift. Once all the questions have been
answered a pline will be put on the section based on the reference line.

Type APSECT

Questions

1) Exaggeration in the Y direction: This is the vertical exaggeration of

the section.
2) Increment(+) or Decrease X(-) : The question has as purpose to
ask determine the incrementation process from the source point.
Increase will add the distance and increment in a positive direction
while Decrease will reduce the distance. This is used mainly when
a central point to the section and work is done both ways.
3) Pick the last point on the traverse section : This is a point of
reference for the program to start. The point may be located at a
suitable reference point. The elevation will be calculated on the
section using.the selected point.
4) Previous point or first point on the traverse plan : This is the point
on the plan from which the program will start to add distance,
either positively or negatively.
5) Elevation of last point : This is the elevation of the point selected
on the traverse plan. The elevation may be text or by pressing
Enter, the value through the keyboard.

73
The program will generate in relative co-ordinates an unfolded section of the
plan. This is applicable to road construction layouts or ditch profiles.

SEEK

Purpose:

Program to wildcard strings and zoom onto the text in the drawing.

How to use:

Type Seek

Questions:
1) Please specify the string: Enter the text to be found. The?
May be used to define a “wild” character and * for a group
of wild characters that can range from no characters to
multiple characters.
2) If a valid word is found then the text is zoom onto the
center of the screen. Two options are displayed
nOptions: Magnify Next: The Magnify is used to zoom in
or out with the question: Magnification factor please: A
numeric scale factor is required. Under the Next option
the next matching word is displayed.

The function displays all the matching set of text. The string search is case
sensitive. “Search routine complete” is displayed when the end of the valid
words has been displayed.

74
 SURVEY

Purpose:

The survey program is an agglomeration of utility programs for the surveyors.

Presently four main programs are included: 1) Side shots, 2) Offsets, 3) TP and 4)
Grade chain.

SIDE SHOTS

Purpose:

This program is used to calculate side shots

How to use:

Type Side

Questions:
Enter BS Coors. Enter the co-ordinates of the backsight either
through the keyboard or using a snap function. The drawings
are assumed to be 2-D drawings and the elevation co-ordinate
need not be entered at this stage.

Enter Station Coors: Enter the station co-ordinate either

through the keyboard or using a snap function and picking the
station node.

Enter Station Elev.: This is the elevation of the station entered

manually through the keyboard.

75
Enter HI: This is the height of the instrument.

Enter HP: This is the height of point.

A loop around the following questions allows for the continuous entry of
shots. Use Ctrl-C or BREAK to terminate the program.

Enter measured distance: This is the distance from the

instrument to the shot point. It is a sloped distance. No
corrections are done on this distance.

Enter Vert. Angle (xxx.xxxx): This is the vertical angle in

sexagesimal (degrees, minutes, seconds). The degrees
and the minutes/seconds are separated by the decimal
point.

Enter Horz. Angle (xxx.xxxx): This is the horizontal

angle in sexagesimal.

OFFSETS

Purpose:

This program is used to calculate offset shots

How to use:

Type Offsets

Questions:
Enter BS Coors. Enter the co-ordinates of the backsight either
through the keyboard or using a snap function. The drawings
76
 are assumed to be 2-D drawings and the elevation co-ordinate
need not be entered at this stage.

Enter Station Coors. Enter the station co-ordinate either

through the keyboard or using a snap function and picking the
station node.

Enter Station Elev.: This is the elevation of the station entered

manually through the keyboard.

Enter HI: This is the height of the instrument.

A loop around the following questions allows for the continuous entry of
shots. Use Ctrl-C or BREAK to terminate the program.

Enter measured distance: This is the distance from the

instrument to the shot point. It is a sloped distance. No
corrections are done on this distance.

Enter Vert. Angle (xxx.xxxx): This is the vertical angle in

sexagesimal (degrees, minutes, seconds). The degrees
and the minutes/seconds are separated by the decimal
point.

Enter Horz. Angle (xxx.xxxx): This is the horizontal

angle in sexagesimal.

Left offset: This is the offset to the left of the instrument

as seen from the instrument. If the user simply presses
enter the default value will be 0.0

Right offset: This is the offset to the right of the

instrument. The default value is 0.0.

77
 Plus offset: This is the offset vertically up from the point.
There is no default value for this offset if the user simply
presses Enter.

Minus offset: This is the vertical offset down from the

shot point. The default value is the last specified offset.
It is conserved as a default until the user wishes to
change it.

A horizontal line is then placed between the left and right offset.
The elevation of the floor and back are also placed on the screen and
centred about the shot point. If both the left and right offset are
zero a circle will be placed instead of a line and the elevation centred
about the circle. If there is no positive offset the back elevation will
not be placed on the screen.

To terminate the data entry, simply press CTRL-C or BREAK. Using a

snap function and LINE (or PLINE) the right and left offsets may be
connected to outline the survey.

TP

Purpose:

This program is used to calculate temporary points - TP

How to use:

Type TP

Questions:
Enter BS Coors. Enter the co-ordinates of the backsight either
through the keyboard or using a snap function. The drawings

78
 are assumed to be 2-D drawings and the elevation co-ordinate
need not be entered at this stage.

Enter Station Coors. Enter the station co-ordinate either

through the keyboard or using a snap function and picking the
station node.

Enter Station Elev.: This elevation of the station entered

manually through the keyboard.

Enter HI: This is the height of the instrument.

Enter measured distance: This is the distance from the

instrument to the shot point. It is a sloped distance. No
corrections are done on this distance.

Enter Vert. Angle (xxx.xxxx): This is the vertical angle in

sexagesimal (degrees, minutes, seconds). The degrees
and the minutes/seconds are separated by the decimal
point.

Enter Horz. Angle (xxx.xxxx): This is the horizontal

angle in sexagesimal.

The output to the program is a line that is drawn from the

station to the TP with the elevation placed at the end of the
line.

GrCh

Purpose:

79
This program is used to calculate grade chains

How to use:

Type GRCH

Questions:
Enter Sta. or BLP Coors.: This is the co-ordinates of the station
or back line plug as entered through the keyboard or using the
snap function and pointing to the node of the station.

Enter Sta. or BLP Elev.: This is the elevation of the station or

the back line plug.

Enter planned floor Elev. for Sta. or BLP: This is the planned
floor elevation at the station or back line plug.

Enter FLP or Sta. Coors.: This is the co-ordinate of the station

or the front line plug.

Enter FLP or Sta. Elev.: This is the elevation of the front line
plug or the station.

Enter % grade (x.x): This is the % rise over run that the travel
way is designed at. A 10% grade is entered 10 and a -10%
grade is -10.

The program will output the following data from which to

make the chains:

LENGTH FO BACK CHAIN

ELEV OF BACK WASHER
ELEV OF STATION
LENGTH OF FRONT CHAIN
80
 ELEV OF FRONT WASHER
ELEV OF FRONT L.P.
VERTICAL DIFF.
HORIZ. DIST.

SXPLOT

Purpose:

This program has as purpose to make divided frames. The bottom frame is
normally the plan view and the upper is the section. This program may not work
on all plotters. This program was developed to with the intent to overcome the
AUTOCAD limitations when it came to plotting multiple windows on the same
plan without having to move the section. This program may not work with all
plotters. Some plotters cannot handle two distinct plots on the same plot. With
this program, the user must first plot the plan view and then plot the section view
with the offset or origin is given by the TErminate function of the program. This
program was developped for Autocad version 12 or less.

How to use:

Type SXPLOT

The options are:

STart PLan MOve SEction GRid TItles TErminate

STart Questions :

1) WHAT TYPE OF FRAME (A3-A3V)

81
 The two types of permissible frames are A3
landscape of A3V portrait.

2) WHAT SCALE (250, 500, 1000)

This question is to define the scale of the

drawing.

3) WHAT UNIT ON THE VERTICAL SCALE (N M)

This is to accommodate for the generation of

sections of long sections.

PLan Questions :

1) BOTTOM LEFT HAND CORNER OF PLAN :

2) UPPER RIGHT HAND CORNER OF PLAN :

These two previous points represent the opposing

corners of the bottom frame. Even if the UPPER RIGHT
HAND CORNER exceeds the maximum dimensions of the
frame, the actual size will not exceed the A3 size.

MOve Questions :

1) BOTTOM LEFT HAND CORNER OF PLAN :

This command moves the frame to the new location

selected. It is important to note that the upper frame
is located above the bottom frame. There are no horizontal offsets
82
between the upper and lower frames. The vertical offset given by
the SEction command is maintained at the same location
and both frame can overlap.

SEction Questions :

1) BOTTOM POINT OF THE SECTION :

This function is used to locate the bottom point

of the section. It can be used repeatedly to move the top
frame vertically relative to the bottom frame. The dimensions
of the bottom frame and the upper frame may be altered by
redefining the PLan. The difference in size between the A3
dimensions and the bottom frame is the dimension of the upper
frame.

GRid Questions :

This function is used to place the co-ordinate and

grid on the plan. It is best to use this command once
the frames have been located as any movement of the frames will
result in having to remove manually the text and lines that have
been created by this command.

TItles Questions:

This function places the title block on the plan.

Here again this function should be used only when the
frames have been positioned final.

TErminate Questions:
83
 This command terminates the program normally and
displays the co-ordinates of the origin of the
second plot for the section.

THOLE

Purpose

This program may be used to position test holes (T-Holes) on plan as well as
placing the assay numbers, grades and lengths.

The following layers are created or used for the specified data:

SAMLOC - The trace of the hole is on this layer. The colour

of the hole is white.

SAMNUMBER - The sample numbers are on this layer. The

colour of this layer is blue.

ASSAYS - This layer contains the assays. Only one assay is

permitted but the program could be modified to accept any
number. The colour of this layer is magenta.

How to use

Type THOLE

Questions:

84
 1) STARTING POINT OF HOLE:

2) DIRECTION OF THE HOLE:

3) THE LENGTH OF EACH SAMPLE:

4) Number or Grade

Selecting "Number" will generate a line with dashes to

delimit the samples and the sample number will appear beside the
dash. The program will request a starting number and will automatically
increment for all the others (i.e. if desired).

Selecting "Grade" a prompt will request the grade to be

assigned beside the tick mark.

5) A loop is done going back to Question 4. To terminate the program

use CTRL-C.

TXTATTR

Purpose

This program is used to modify text attributes in a drawing. It can be used to

change the text size or style given a set of filter conditions. The filter conditions
include:

1) The layer name

2) The style name
3) The linetype

85
 4) The colour
5) The original text size

How to use

Questions:

The initial menu requests the user to specify whether text size or text attributes
are to be modified. Specify SI for size and ST for style change. For size changes,
the original text size and the new text size are requested. For style changes, the
new style name is requested.

The filter elements are requested as follows:

1) Layer name (* for all): This is the layer filter element. All entities on the
specified layer will be changed. * Signifies all layers.

2) Style (* for all): All the text entities that have the specified style would be
chosen for modification. Only one style name may be specified at any one
time.

3) Linetype (* for all): All the text entities that have the specified line type
would be chosen for modification. Only one line type can be specified at
any time.

4) Colour name (* for all): All the text entities that have the specified colour
would be included for modification. Use the numeric value of the colour
instead of the text value.

Once all the filter questions have been answered, a listing of the filter elements
and the selection is displayed. If the choice is incorrect, then the user should
press CTRL-C. Otherwise, the user can press any key to continue and change the
text entities to the requested settings of style or text height.
86
87
 VSE

Purpose

The program is used to make sections using survey data lines and text elevations
to generate a 3d polyline that can be used to make wireframes in Examine 3d.
This program is included in PLMAKE.LSP

VSEF

Purpose

This program is used to generate a text file with 3dpolyline data in the ‘geo’
format that is used by the Examine 3d program to generate rings that are then
used to generate wireframes.

ZAP

Purpose

The ZAP program is a quick way to eliminate specific entities from a drawing. The
user must be careful as the deletion of the entities includes those that are not
visible on the screen and those that are frozen.

How to use

Type ZAP

Questions

88
 SELECT THE TYPE OF ENTITY TO ELIMINATE:

The permitted entities that the program can handle are:

I) TEXT
ii) CIRCLE
iii) POINT
iv) SOLID
v) LINE
vi) PLINE

If another type of entity is selected the program will

terminate without deleting any entities.

═══════════════════════════════════════
══════════════════════════
TEXT

For the TEXT several different deletion options are permitted. The
following prompt will appear when a TEXT entity is selected:

ELIMINATE TEXT : Numbers, Floor_back, All, Layer, Keepgeo

Using the Numbers option, all the text entities starting with a digit will be
eliminated.

Using the Floor_Back option all the text entities beginning with the
letter "B" or "F" for backs and floors and a second character a digit will be
eliminated from the drawing.

Using the All option all the text from the drawing will be eliminated.

89
 Using the Layer option a more specific deletion may be achieved. A
second question is presented to the screen:

Eliminate Text: Numbers, Floor_back, All, Keepgeo

The option Layer reduces the influence of the deletion process to just
one layer.

Using the option Keepgeo only the geology layers are kept. These are:
STRUCTURE, FAULT, GEOSYMTXT, GEOTEXT, CONTACT, ASSAYS, SAMNUMBER.
The name of the layers is easily changed in the coding and the number of
permissible layers may be adjusted to the user's requirements.

═══════════════════════════════════════
══════════════════════════

CIRCLE

When a circle has been selected as entity the following deletion choices
will appear:

Radius, Layer, Colour, All, End

With the Radius option only the circles with the identical radius will be
deleted.

With the Layer option all the circles on the layer of the selected entity will
be deleted.

With the Colour option all circle entities with the colour of the selected
entity will be deleted.

The All option deletes all the circle with the Radius, Layer and Colour of the
selected entity.
90
 The End option is used to terminate the loop, as the menu will reappear
until the user has completed his/her selection. This option is to give the
flexibility to the user to select options such as Radius and Layer, Layer and
Colour or Colour and Radius.

═══════════════════════════════════════
══════════════════════════

SOLID, LINE, PLINE

The selection of a solid, line or pline is handled with the following menu:

LAyer, LInetype, COlor, ALl, ENd

With the LAyer option, all the entities of the selected type on the layer on
which the entity was selected will be deleted.

With the LInetype option, all the entities of the selected type with the
linetype of the selected entity will be deleted from the database.

With the COlor option, all the entities of the selected type with the colour of
the selected entity will be deleted.

With the ALl option, all the entities of the selected type will be eliminated
from the drawing.

The ENd option is similar to the TEXT section in that combinations of

layers, linetypes or colours are permitted to be more selective in the
deletion process.

91
 Entity Codes
CODE DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION

0 Pointed Pair "3DFACE"

10 List - 4 atoms First point

11 List - 4 atoms Second point

12 List - 4 atoms Third point

13 List - 4 atoms Fourth point

70 Pointed Pair Visibility flag (1= first, 2=second, 4= third,

8=fourth)

0 Pointed Pair "ARC"

10 List - 4 atoms Centre point

40 Pointed Pair Radius

50 Pointed Pair Initial angle (radians)

51 Pointed Pair Final angle (radians)

0 Pointed Pair "ATTRIB"

1 Pointed Pair Value

2 Pointed Pair Tag

7 Pointed Pair Text style name

10 List - 4 atoms Starting point of text

11 List - 4 atoms Alignment point

40 Pointed Pair Text height

41 Pointed Pair Scale factor

50 Pointed Pair Rotation angle (radians)

51 Pointed Pair Skew of characters (radians)

70 Pointed Pair Attribute flag (1= invisible, 2= constant, 3= to
verify, 4= predefined)

71 Pointed Pair Text generation flag (1= mirror, 2= vertical)

72 Pointed Pair Text justification (1= centred on base line, 2=

right, 3= aligned, 4=centered, 5= filled
between two points)

73 Pointed Pair Length of zone

CODE DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION

0 Pointed Pair "ATTRIB"

1 Pointed Pair Dimension text

2 Pointed Pair Name of pseudo block

10 List - 4 atoms Starting point

11 List - 4 atoms Centre point

12 List - 4 atoms Continuation point of "base" line

13 List - 4 atoms First point of definition (linear/angular)

14 List - 4 atoms Second point of definition (linear/angular)

15 List - 4 atoms Definition point (diameter / radius / angular)

16 List - 4 atoms Definition point for arc

40 Pointed Pair Length of quote line

50 Pointed Pair Angle of "dimension" line (radians)

51 Pointed Pair Angle between UCS and the X axis of the chosen
entity (radians)

70 Pointed Pair Dimension flag (0= horizontal or vertical, 1=

aligned, 2=angular, 3=diameter, 4=radius, add to
previous: +128= position of text specified by user,
1= user defined text)

0 Pointed Pair "CIRCLE"

10 List - 4 atoms Centre point

40 Pointed Pair Radius

0 Pointed Pair "INSERT"

2 Pointed Pair Name of block

10 List - 4 atoms Insertion point

41 Pointed Pair X scale factor

42 Pointed Pair Y scale factor

43 Pointed Pair Z scale factor

44 Pointed Pair Distance between columns for MINSERT

CODE DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION

45 Pointed Pair Distance between rows for MINSERT

50 Pointed Pair Rotation angle (radians)

66 Pointed Pair Attributes attached to block (1= present)

70 Pointed Pair Number of columns for MINSERT

71 Pointed Pair Number of rows for MINSERT

0 Pointed Pair "LINE" or "3DLINE"

10 List - 4 atoms Starting point

11 List - 4 atoms Ending point

0 Pointed Pair "POINT"

10 List - 4 atom Point

50 Pointed Pair Angle of the X axis relative to the UCS

CODE DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION

0 Pointed Pair "POLYLINE"

10 List - 4 atoms Starting point

40 Pointed Pair Starting thickness

41 Pointed Pair Ending thickness

66 Pointed Pair Crest flag (1= crest follows)

70 Pointed Pair Polyline type (1= closed, 2= smoothed curve,

4= spline curve, 8= 3D polyline, 16= 3D mesh,
32= closed 3D mesh)

71 Pointed Pair "M" value for polygonal mesh

72 Pointed Pair "N" value for polygonal mesh

73 Pointed Pair Smoothed mesh, density in "M"

74 Pointed Pair Smoothed mesh, density in "N"

75 Pointed Pair Smoothing flag (0= none, 5= quadratic B-

spline, 6=B-spline, 8= Bezier)

0 Pointed Pair "VERTEX"

10 List - 4 atoms Point

40 Pointed Pair Starting width

41 Pointed Pair Ending width

42 Pointed Pair Rounded (if smoothed)

50 Pointed Pair Tangent (if smoothed)

70 Pointed Pair Point flag (1=crest with smoothing, 2= tangent

of a spline curve, 16= control point in a spline
curve, 32= 3D polyline point, 64= point of a 3D
polygon mesh)
0 Pointed Pair "SEQEND" (polylines and attributes)

-2 Pointed Pair Name of entity of origin

0 Pointed Pair "SHAPE"

2 Pointed Pair Name of Form

10 List - 4 atoms Insertion Point

40 Pointed Pair Size

CODE DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION

41 Pointed Pair Scale factor

50 Pointed Pair Angle of rotation (radians)

51 Pointed Pair Skew angle (radians)

0 Pointed Pair "SOLID"

10 List - 4 atoms First point

11 List - 4 atoms Second point

12 List - 4 atoms Third point

13 List - 4 atoms Fourth point (if it exists)

0 Pointed Pair "TEXT"

1 Pointed Pair String

7 Pointed Pair Text style

10 List - 4 atoms Insertion point

11 List - 4 atoms Alignment point

40 Pointed Pair Character height

41 Pointed Pair Height to width factor

50 Pointed Pair Rotation angle (radians)

51 Pointed Pair Text skew angle (radians)

71 Pointed Pair Flag (1= mirror, 2=reversed)

72 Pointed Pair Justification flag (1= centred on baseline, 2=

right, 3= aligned, 4=centered, 5= filled
between two points)

0 Pointed Pair "TRACE"

10 List - 4 atoms Starting point (first corner)

11 List - 4 atoms Starting point (second corner)

12 List - 4 atoms Ending point (first corner)

13 List - 4 atoms Ending point (second corner)

CODE DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION
CODE Description

0 Entity name

6 Line type

8 Layer name

10 Point

38 Elevation

39 Thickness

62 Colour

210 3D extrusion vector (list - 4 atoms)