අනාගතයට සහතිකයක්

Tn w;g m;alrkakd jQ fuu ,sh,a, idm%hsl
foaYmd,k fmdfrdka ud,djlska Tng .sh

nqoau;a l:ldjl m%;sM,hls'
fuh iuia; YS% ,dxlsl ck;dj ;=< rd;a ld,hla
uq,af,a meje;s wfmalaIdjka" m%dr:kdjka ms<sn|
flfrk iCIKhkaf.ka o ksjer o;a; iy ixLHd
z
f,aLkhka
f.ka ,nd.;a f;dr;=re o
Wmfhda.S lr.kska YS% ,xldf ms<s.;a h;=ka yd w<
fCIa;%hka ys yi< w;alS we;s
jD;a;slhka o tlaj wmf.a .=ld,Sk foaYmd,k
w;alSfuka ,o mkakrfhka foaYfha wkd.; iqnfi;
i,ikq msi oHd;aulj ieliQ ,sh,a,ls'
fuu ,sh,a, wksjdrhfhkau ksh; ld, iSudjka ;=<
ls%hd;aul l< yels lreKqj,ska hqla; m%dfhda.sl
jev ms<sfj<ls'
wm i Yajdih ;enQ talSh foaYhla ;=< ;dreKHh
flaka fldg.;a iuia; YS% ,dxlSh cd;shgidOkSh
kejq n,dfmdfrd;a;= we;s lr.kq jia fuh
wms Tng f.!rjfhka mskukafkuq'
zwms lshk foa lruq' lrk foa lshuqZ'
mdr,sfka;= ue;sjrKh 2015
mgqk

msgq wxlh
wf;kau mgka .uq...................................................................................................................................................... 4

fodf<dia jeoEre m%;sm;a;s ud,dj..................................................................................................................... 6

cd;sl tald.%;dj iy ;sridr ixyshdj ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sh..................................................... 7
IKh msgqoelSu iy wlrKfha iajdm;Hh iq/lSu ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sh.................10
wdr:l l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;sh...........................................................................................................12
foaY m%;sm;a;sh...............................................................................................................................................32
ksjdi yd bv m%;sm;a;sh.......................................................................................................................... 33
wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh........................................................................................................................................ 35
fi!LH m%;sm;a;sh...........................................................................................................................................39
mdil iy jk m%;sm;a;sh..............................................................................................................41
ixialD;sl" l,d iy ikaksfok lghq;= m%jrOk m%;sm;a;sh.........................................42
l%Svd iy ;reK lghq;= m%;sm;a;sh..................................................................................................... 44
ldka;d iy <ud m%;sm;a;sh......................................................................................................................46
wdfhdack iy h;, myiql m%jrOk m%;sm;a;sh.................................................................48
foaYmd,k m%;sixialrK........................................................................................................................................... 51
[3]
wf;kau mgka .uq

wm wd u
wm j;ajk Y%S ,xld ud;DN+h jir 2"500 lg je fm%!V b;sydihlg ysl lshk
wNsudkj;a foaYhls'
fuu fm%!V b;sydih mqrd iQ wmf.a uq;=ka ;a;ka ysfhka /lf.k wd foaYfha
wNsudkh" talSh;ajh" fN!l wLKav;djh ;jrg;a iqrlska rg bhg f.khkakg wms
wem lem jkafkuq'
jir 2"500 l fm%!V b;sydih mqrd foaY l=uka;%K" foaY wdl%uK" ndOl iy ye,yemamS
ueo f,a" l fy,d ; m;Hd.fhka foaYh wdrlaId lr.;a r uq;=ka ;a;kag iy uE;
ld,fha ;%ia;jdkag tfrys udkqISh fufyhqf ms ishu rKrejkag wms ysi kud
W;a;udpdrh mqo lrkafkuq'
jr;udk ;;a;ajh
f jkg wm ud;DN+fha mj;skakd jQ wjdikdjka; jd;djrKh wms ish fokd fydka
okafkuq' ;sia jirl hqO idmfhka Kq wms" ksoyia ksjy,a foaYhla f.dvke.Sf ldrhhg
il%Shj odhl fjka is fudfydf;a wkfmalaIs; f,i isjQ rdcH ;ka;%fha fjkilg
uqyqK kafkuq' f,hska l<ska kQ foaYh mdjdfoka" hqO ch.%yKh Wvqhl=re lrka"
cd;sl i;=re n,f. yuqf oKska jefgka" ;sridr ixjrOk udj; wdmiq yrjka"
udOH iodpdrh jkika" foaYmd,k ffjrh iy cd;sjdoh jmqrka" uy nexl= nelr
uxfld,a,h jeks uyd mudK IK yryd isfia cd;sl im;a uxfld,a,lka" cd;sljd
n,f. urokh lrka" kS;sh wjkS;sh lrka" wlrKfha iajdm;Hh flf,ika wm
oEia yuqf .yefrk f fojdplh lsisfia;a u ck;dj iska b,a,k ,o fjki fkdj"
kjQ;a wlruKHjQ;a rchl wdlD;shls'
fjkig fjkila
wkfmalaIs; f,i WodjQ f fjki fyj;a wpdr iuh" rf jd orejkaf.a wkd.;h
iqrlaIs; lsu i|yd wdmiq yerh hq;= ld,h oeka t<U we;' fuu wpdr iuh jyd
ksudfldg rf j;ajk ish ckfldgiaj,g i;=ka" iusfhka iy idufhka j;aug
wjYH wk cd;shla" kk foaYhla iy iqyo iudchla we;s lsug wms fkdmsfy,d
wem lem fjuq'
[4]
wk cd;shla
cd;sl wdrlaIdj lsisfgl mdjd fkdfok" iudc idOdrK;ajh iy;sl jQ"

ieug iudk kS;shla we;s" lsis rglg .e;s fkdjQ" fkdnejQ" wNsudkj;a cd;shla
f.dvke.Su wmf.a wruqKhs'
kk foaYhla
ukd wdr:l l<ukdlrKhlska hq;a kk h;, myiqlj,ska iuka;" Yla;su;a

cd;sl wdr:lhl m%;s,dN ieug idOdrKj fn hk udkj flakaSh wdr:lhla
iy m%nqoaO" fi!LH imkak ck;djla ksoyfia j;ajk fi!Nd.Hu;a foaYhla
f.dvke.Su wmf.a wruqKhs'
iqyo iudchla
talSh rgla ;=< cd;sl iy wd.l ixyshdfjka hq;a" ksidg fukau mirhg o
i;=kag o wdorh lrk iodpdrd;aul" l,dld iy l%SvdYS,S ksoyia iudchla
f.dvke.Su wmf.a wruqKhs' tys wmf.a ore mrmqrg o" fh!jk fh!jkshkag o"
ldka;djkag o" jeyshkag o f.!rjdka; wjldYhla wms iy;sl lrkafkuq'
tfuka u j;auka rodka; rcfha wufkda{ md,kfha m%;sM,hka f,i wo rg je we;s wka;
w.dOfhka f.dv.ekSu i|yd .= ld,Sk ie,iq wjYH jkakdla fuka u fkka k jrOkh
jk mqrjeis .egj,g blauka i ,nd h yels fYaI jevms<sfj<la o lkka wjYH
nj wms Yajdi lruq'
tfyhska kQ foaYh h<s f.dv.ekSu i|yd wm fodf<dia jeoEre m%;sm;a;s ud,djla ilia
lf<uq'
tfukau ld,Sk wjYH;djla jk foaYmd,k m%;sixialrK ms<sn|j o wms .eUqka idlPd
lr we;af;uq'
wms Tng f.!rj nyqudkfhka f bm;a lrkafka rg h<s f.dvke.Sf foaYmd,k ff<dia
jere m%;sm;a;s ud,dj yd fhda; foaYmd,k m%;sixialrKhs'
[5]
wk cd;shla" kk foaYhla" iqyo iudchla

i|yd jQ fodf<dia jeoEre m%;sm;a;s ud,dj
1'
cd;sl tald.%;dj iy ;sridr ixyshdj ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sh'
^cd;sjdofhka Kq cd;sl;ajhla - wd.jdofhka Kq wd.l ksoyila'''&

2'
IKh msgqoelSu iy wlrKfha iajdm;Hh iq/lSu ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sh

îeug iudk kS;shla - l%uj;a ksjer md,khla'''&
3'
wdr:l l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;sh

^msfok wdr:lhla - ck;d flakaSh ixjrOkhla'''&
4'
foaY m%;sm;a;sh ^wkjQ;a" fkdnejQ;a" ;%YS,SjQ;a foaY m%;sm;a;shla'''&
5'
ksjdi m%;sm;a;sh îeug ksjila - ys;g ihla'''&
6'
wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh ^ksoyia wOHdmkh ;=<ska m%nqoaO iudchla'''&
7'
fi!LH m%;sm;a;sh ^ksoyia fi!LH ;=<ska kSfrda.Su;a iudchla'''&
8'
mdil iy jk m%;sm;a;sh ^.yfld< o" i;=ka o - f yeu;a iqrlsuq'''&
9'
ixialD;sl" l,d iy ikaksfok lghq;= m%jrOk m%;sm;a;sh

^l,dfjka" ixialD;sfhka iy udOH ksoyfika Tmake=Kq ixf iudchla'''&
10' l%Svd iy ;reK lghq;= m%;sm;a;sh ^l%shdYS,S iy kSfrda.S ;reK mrmqrla'''&

11'
ldka;d iy <ud m%;sm;a;sh ^,shhs - ore le,hs - oefha jkd,shhs'''&
12' wdfhdack iy h;, myiql m%jrOk m%;sm;a;sh

^foaYhls f.dvkef.k - fyg kfh f,dj kk'''&
[6]
1'
cd;sl tald.%;dj iy ;sridr ixyshdj ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sh
zcd;sjdofhka Kq cd;sl;ajhla" wd.jdofhka Kq wd.l ksoyilaZ
1'1 ;sia jirla mqrd uq uy;a foaYhu ,s.;a fnjd l=re hqoaOh wjika fldg ieug
ksoyfia j;a jkakg yels wdrlaIs; mirhla f.dvkef.k m wms cd;sl wdrlaIdj
;yjqre lf<uq'
1'2 hqO iufha jdr.sl iy wd.l mok uq,a lr .kska ;%ia;jdka iska isl<
>d;khka iy ysxikhkaj,g ;s; ;nd mqrjeishkaf.a jdr.sl iy wd.l ksoyi
;yjqre lsug wms iu;ajQfhuq'
1'3
ish cd;sl;ajhkag idOdrKh bgqjk rdcH jHqyhla f.dvk.k w;r kQ foaYfha

ksoyi" fN!l wLKav;djh iy talSh;ajh wms ysfhka iqrlskafkuq'
1'4 f,hska yd l<ska kQ foaYh" fnjdohg iy cd;Hka;r w;fmj,g kej; ysi

Tijd kdY lrkakg wms bv fkdfokafkuq'
1'5
Y%S ,xldj isxy, fn!oaO nyq;rhla fjfik" cd;sl yd wd.l O;ajfhka hq;a rgla
nj wms to;a ms<s.;af;uq' wo;a fyg;a ms<s.kafkuq'
1'6 ish cd;sjd l=uka;%Kj,ska Kq" ish mqrjeishkag ;u cd;sl;ajh ms<sn|j

wNsudkhlska j;ah yels iudchla Y%S ,xldj ;=< f.dvk.k njg wms iy;sl
jkafkuq' ksoyfia ;u wd.u weoySug;a" ;u wd.l Yajdi u; lghq;= lsug;a wjYH
lrk mirhla f.dvk.ka mgq wd.jd wdl,amhka u; flfrkakd jQ wd.l
ysxikhka ish,a,g wms ;s; ;nkafkuq'
1'7 Y%S ,xldf cd;sl m%Yakh iu i|yd talSh rgla ;=< ish cd;Skaf.a whs;Ska ;yjqre
flfrk idOdrK foaYmd,k iula ,ndf wruqka 13 jk wdKavql%u jHjia:d
ixfYdaOkfhka Tng fkdhk m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a md,k wdh;k jvd Yla;su;a
flfrk foaYmd,k iula i|yd wj;SrK u" wmf.a wruqKhs' ta i|yd m<d;a iNd
iy mdr,sfka;= ksfhda;hka" cd;sl ;,fha foaYmd,k mlaI we;= ish mdrYajhka
iu" rch m;a udihla we;=<; idlPd wdrN lrk w;r udi 6 la we;=<;
iula fhdackd lsug wms iy;sl fjuq'
[7]
1'8
zcd;sl iqyo;d m%{ma;shlaZ ;=<ska ishu Y%S ,dxlsl mqrjeishkag idOdrK;ajh iy

iudkd;au;djh ;yjqre lsu i|yd mq,a n,;, iy ia;%sla ugf hdka;%Khla
iys; zcd;sl iqyo;d fldiulaZ msysgqug wjYH kS;s imdokh kj mk;la yryd
ykajd fokafkuq'
1'8'1 zcd;sl iqyo;d fldifZ idudl;ajh i|yd ish cd;sl;ajhka iy wd.

ksfhdackhla iy;sl lruq' uq Y%S ,xldj u ksfhdackh jk m f fldif
idudlhka f,i iqiq oaj;=ka iy wd.l kdhlhka f;dard m;alsu
irjmdlaIsl mdr,sfka;= f;a ldrl iNdjla yryd lsug lghq;= lruq'
1'8'2 fuu fldiu ia;%sla ugfuka ysKq mq,a cd,hla f,i l%shd;aul flfr
fldif ia;%sla ugf idudl;ajh i|yd ish cd;Ska iy wd. ksfhdackh
lrk oaj;=ka iy kdhlhkaf.ka ie,;a lgqjla tu ia;%slalfha mdr,sfka;=
ksfhda;hka" m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a md,k wdh;k ksfhda;hkaf.ka iuka;
ldrl iNdjla yryd m;aflfrkq we;'
1'8'3 fuu fldif ia;%sla ugf ksfhdackh f;dard.ekSu fYaIfhka u ;reK

mrmqr flakafldg f.k is lrkafkuq'
1'8'4 fuu ia;%sla lgq yryd tu m%foaYhkays fjfik O cd;slhka iy wd.lhkaf.a

whs;Ska ;yjqre fldg Tjqka w;r iqyo;dj jrOkh lsu i|yd jeo.;a jk m%uqL
lreKq i|yd wjOdkh fhduqfldg tajd tu ia;%sla lgqj, tl;djfhka hq;=j
cd;sl ugf lgqjg fhduq lrkafkuq'
1'8'5 ta i|yd cd;sl lgqf tl;djfhka hq;=j bm;a flfrk wjika ksrfoaY
m<uq udi 6 ;=< bm;a flfrk w;r tu ksrfoaY l%shd;aul lsug wjYH
idudh" ixialD;sl iy foaYmd,k m%;sixialrKhka jirla ;=< l%shd;aul
lsug wms lghq;= lrkafkuq'
1'8'6 W.;a mdv iy m%;sikaOdk fldi jdr;df ksrfoaY jirla ;=< l%shd;aul
lrkafkuq'
1'8'7 foaYmd,k n,mEj,ska f;drj ish mqrjeishkaf.a m%cd;ka;%jd whs;Ska iy;sl

flfrk iod;ksl iduhla f.dvk.kafkuq'
[8]
1'8'8 m%cdjkag ;ukaf.a ;SrK .ekSf bvm%ia:d mq,a lr,Su Wfoid m<d;a md,k"
ia;%sla yd m<d;a i|yd kj ;SrK .ekSf jHqyhla ia:dms; flfr' m<d;a md,k
wdh;k wdY%s;j ykajd we;s kj fldGdi u; mokj Y%S ,xldf l=vdu
;SrK .ekSf tall ia:dms; flfr' tu l=vd tallj,g iqiq ;SrK .ekSf
l%ufohla ykajd h hq;=f' tys tu l=vd m%foaYfha jdih lrk ish
fokdf.au Rcq iyNd.s;ajh ,efnk m m%dfoaYSh iNdjg tu fldGdifhka
;r l< ish mlaI yd lKavdhj, ksfhda;hkaf.ka iuka; jk ck iNd
ia:dms; lrkafkuq'
1'8'9 m%dfoaYSh iNd iy m%dfoaYSh f,al ldrhd, inkalrK" ia;%sla inkalrK

lgqj, jHqyh iy m<d;a iNd i|yd iNslhka m;af kj l%ufohla
.eUqre iy u;a ixjdohlska miq ykajdug;a tu ;SrK .ekSf iNd i|yd
wjYHjkakd jQ ksis n,h meju uska cd;sl ixyshdjg wjYH ux fm;a fy<s
fmfy<s lsug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
[9]
2'
IKh msgqoelSu iy wlrKfha iajdm;Hh iq/lSu ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sh
zieug iudk kS;shla" l%uj;a ksjer md,khlaZ
2'1 rf m%cd;ka;%jdoh iqrlsk iy ish mqrjeishkaf.a f.!rjh iy whs;sjdisl

iq/flk wjHdc jQ ksoNdjfhka hq;= l%uj;a md,khla ia:dms; lrkafkuq'
2'2 fuf;la mej;s ish u rchkag t,a, jQ ish mok iys; fyda mok rys; fpdaokd"
mj;sk kS;s rduqj ;=< ksoNdjfhka hq;=j urYkh lsug;a tys m%;sM, uyck;djg
fy<sor lsug;a wms lghq;= lrkafkuq' fuu lghq;= wlaIKh lsu irj mdlaIsl
oaj;a lgqjlg mjrkafkuq'
2'3 fuu urYk lghq;=j, m%;sM,hla jYfhka fy<sjk jerlrejkag mj;sk kS;s rduqj
;=< o~qj lrk w;r IK urokh uqjdfjka" kS;sh wjNd;d lrka" foaYmd,k
jdis ;ld uyck;dj fkdu hef mrudr:fhka lghq;= l< foaYmd,k{hkag iy
ks,Odkag tfrysj mj;sk kS;s rduqj ;=< kvq mjrkafkuq'
2'4 foaYmd,k m<s.ekS i|yd mj;sk kS;sfhka mndysrj msysgqjd.kq ,enQ wdh;k
ish,af,ys wkd.; meje;au ;SrKh lsu fukau kS;sfha iajdm;Hh w;a;fkdau;sl
f,i wjNd;h lrka tjka wdh;k msysgjQ mqoa.,hkag tfrysj .; hq;= kS;suh
mshjr ;SrKh lsu wlrKhg mjrkafkuq'
2'5 rf cd;sl wdr:lhg Yd, ydkshla l< Y%S ,xld b;sydifha Yd,;u uQ,H
jxpdj jQ uy nexl= nelr uxfld,a,h rf ms<s.;a kS;shg yd l%ufohkag hg;aj
kso Ndjhlska hq;=j lkka mlaIdjg ,la fldg" tu jxpdj ie,iq l< iy
ls%hd;aul l< wdr:l wmrdOlrejka ish fokd ;rd;sru fkdn,d oe o~qj ,nd
fokafkuq' tfiau fuu uxfld,a,lrejkaf.a j;al mjrd.ekSu olajd ysKq kS;suh
l%ufohla yryd Tjqka iska rf ck;djg wys l< remsh,a flda 6"000 lg jvd
je uqo, kej; whlr .ekSug;a tu uqo,a rf ixjrOk ls%hdj,sh i|yd fhoug;a
lghq;= lrkafkuq'
2'6 wms wlrKfha iajdm;Hh ieugu iqrlskafkuq' wlrKfha ldrhlaIu;dj jelsu
i|yd wjYH udkj yd fN!;sl im;a ,ndf jev ms<sfj<la ilia lrkafkuq'
tfia u uyck;djf.a ld,h iy uqo,a kdia;s lrka r> ld,hla wefoka mj;sk
kvq lkka wjika lsug wjYH m%;sixialrK ykajd fokafkuq'
[ 10 ]
2'7 zisrlrefjda;a ukqIHfhdahZ hk Wodr ixl,amh fmroej isrlrejka iy /|hka

mqkre;a:dmkh lsu i|yd oekg mj;sk myiql jehqKq lsug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
2'8 nrm;, wmrdO i|yd uydlrK n,iSud ugka rcfha kS;s{jreka ,ndf l%uh
jvd ldrhlaIuj iy .=Kd;aulj lrkakg lghq;= lrkafkuq'
2'9 ish rdcH wdh;k" fomdr;fka;=" ixia:d iy uKav,j, by< ;k;=re i|yd
flfrk m;als irjmdlaIsl mdr,sfka;= lgqjlska wkqu; lr .ekSug wjYH
m%;smdok ilia lrk w;r" tu ks,hka orkakka Y%S ,dxlsl mqrjeishka u w;HdjYH
ksrKdhlhla h hq;= njg kS;s.; lrkafkuq'
2'10 rdcH ks,Odkag foaYmd,k n,mEj,ska f;drj ksoyia mirhla ;=< ;u rdcld
lrf.k hEug wjYH lrk kS;suh m%;smdok lkka ilia lrkafkuq' ms<s.;a
wdh;ksl l%shdmmdka wkq.ukh lrka w< mk;a yd kS;s fr.=,disj,g wkqj
mmd,kuh ;SrK .;a ks,Odkag tfrysj fm!oa.,slj ysyer lsug ka miq
lsisjl=g bv fkd,efnk fia Tjqkag kS;suh wdrlaIdj i,ikafkuq'
2'11 uyck;djg f;dr;=re k.ekSug we;s whs;sh wms ;yjqre lruq' uE; ld,fha isjQ
uy nexl= uxfld,a,h ms<sn| fldama lgq jdr;dj jdrKh lsu jeks udOH frda
lghq;= imQrKfhka m%;slafIam lrk w;r" mqrjeis whs;sjdisl fjkqfjka udOH
ksoyi imQrKfhka u iqrlsuq'
2'12 hymd,kh uqjdfjka isflfrk foaYmd,k urokhg ;s; ;nuq' Pkaohlg fmr
m%;sjdka w;awvx.=jg .kakd jQ" uv m%pdr ;=<ska whq;= foaYmd,k jdis .kakg W;aidy
lrkakd jQ" mqrjeishkaf.a m%cd;ka;%jd whs;sjdisl urokh lrkakd jQ" NSIK hq.hlg
kej; w;jkkakd jQ m%jK;djhkaf.ka h<s rg ksoyia lr .kafkuq' m%cd;ka;%jdohg
.re lrk uyck u;hg ysi kuk foaYmd,k ipdrh kej; we;s lruq'
[ 11 ]
3'
wdr:l l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;sh
zmsfok wdr:lhla" ck;d flakaSh ixjrOkhlaZ
3'1
jrI 2005 weuldkq fvd,r ,shk 25 la jQ o< foaYSh ksIamd;h 2015 jk g

weuldkq fvd,r ,shk 75 la olajd ;=ka .=Khlska jrOkh fldg ksoyiska miq jir
yeg mylg;a jvd ld,hla" wvq wdodh,dNS" wiu;a rdcHhla f,i yekajQ Y%S ,xldj
jir 9 la jeks fl l,la we;=<; zue wdodh,dNSZ" ziu;a rdcHhlaZ njg m;alsug
wms iu;a jQfhuq' jir 9 lska jir 4 la mqrd rg ;=< ysiqKq hqO jd;djrKhla ;sh;a
<dlr .;a fuu wdr:l jrOkh ieneka u wdYaprhhla nj wmf.a Yajdihhs'
3'2 j;auka rcfha widr:l wdr:l l<ukdlrKfha m%;sM,hla f,i tl;ek m,ajk lvdjegqKq - wdmiaig hk wdr:lh kej;;a k.disgqjd jrI 2020 weuldkq fvd,r
,shk 100 la jQ o< foaYSh ksIamd;hla iy weuldkq fvd,r 7"000 lg je" tal
mqoa., wdodhula blaujd hk fm!oa.,sl yd rdcH wxY taldnoaOj islrk iS>% wdr:l
ixjrOkhla <d lr.ekSug wms iy;sl jkafkuq'
3'3 ;sridr ixjrOk l%shdj,sh ;=<ska rdcH wdodh ksr;=rej jelr .ekSug mshjr .kakd
w;r rdcH ho o ksis f,i l<ukdlrKh lrkafkuq' uQ,H ixirKh yd fmd,S
wkqmd;h ksis f,i l<ukdlrKh lrka" foaYSh yd foaYSh wdfhdaclhka u;a
lrka ixjrOk l%shdj,sh i|yd rcfha odhl;ajh Wmu jYfhka ,ndug lghq;=
lrkafkuq'
3'4 lDIsldrl" ldrl yd fiajd hk wxY ksfhdackh lrka rdcH" fm!oa.,sl iy iajhx
/lshd wxYhka ;=<ska taldnoaOj kj /lshd wjia:d ,laI 15 la cks; lrkafkuq' Y%u
n,ldfha iEu mqrjeisfhl=g u ;u iqiqlug i,k /lshd wjia:djla ,nd fokafkuq'
fm!oa.,sl wxYh fukau rdcH wxYh o YS% ,xldj ;=< b jir 5 ;=< islsug
ie,iq lr we;s iS>% ixjrOk ls%hdj,sfha iqYd, ldrhNdrhla bgqlsug ksh;
neka j;auka rch iska wkq.ukh lrk rdcH fiajh lmamd lsf m%;sm;a;shg
brdu fjkia m%;sm;a;shl msysgka rdcH fiajh ldrhCIu fldg iqrCIs; fldg
fmdaIKh lsug wms iy;sl jkafkuq'
3'5 wdr:l ixjrOk ls%hdj,sh ;=< lDIsldrl" ldrl iy fiajd hk ish wxY
ksfhdackh lrka m%uqL;d iy kjH;d ixl,am ykd.kska rg ;=< ixjrOkfha
Ydk;sh ;SrKh lsu i|yd oaj;=kaf.ka ie,;a mdr,sfka;=jg j.lshk zcd;sl
wdr:l WmfoaYl lgqjlaZ msysgqjkafkuq'
[ 12 ]
3'6 wdr:lfha iEu m%Odk wxYhlu b m%.ukh iy;sl lsf wruqKska fYaIfhka
ykd.;a m%Odk lafIa;%hka i|yd z;sridr ixjrOk cd;sl ie,eiaulaZ yryd jrI 2020
jk g <dlr .; hq;= b,lal iy Wmdh udr. ia:dmkh lrkafkuq' tu b,lal
iy Wmdh udr. imqrd.ekSug wjYH lrk imQrK rdcH wkq.%yh ,ndug lghq;=
lrkafkuq'
3'7 ck;d flakaSh wdr:l ixjrOk l%shdj,shla ;=< jdrIslj 8] lg jvd je wdr:l jrOk
f.hla mj;ajd .kska jrI 2020 jk g .S mam;alu Y%S ,xldfjka imQrKfhkau
;=rka lrkafkuq' Y%u n,ldhg jirla mdid tlajk ,laI 4 la muK jQ ;reK ;reKshkag
/lshd wjia:d o ta yd iudka;rj ysjk wdr:l l<ukdlrKhla ;=<ska mam;alu yd
/lshdj imQrKfhka ;=rkafldg tajd ;jrg;a foaYmd,k igkamdG fkdjk rgla
f.dvk.kafkuq'
3'8 jrI 2020 rdcH uQ,H" cd;Hka;r fjf<| yd uQ,H lghq;=" cd;sl Kh l<ukdlrKh
Yla;su;a lrka whjeh ysh cd;sl wdhfuka 3] g yd rdcH Kh 65] lg wvq
ugulg f.k tka hym;a idrj wdr:lhla f.dvke.Sug o wms lem fjuq'
3'9 l,dmSh jHdmdr flakaia:dkhla

3'9'1 b jir 10 ;=< l,dmSh jHdmdr flakaia:dkhla njg Y%S ,xldj m;alsug
wjYH ie,iq oaj;=kaf.ka yd jD;a;slhkaf.ka iuka; mdr,sfka;=jg
j.lshk cd;sl wdr:l WmfoaYl lgqf iyNd.s;ajfhka imQrK fldg ta
i|yd wjYH lrk uQ,H m%;sm;a;s yd kS;s m%;sixialrK ldf,da;j ykajd
fokafkuq'

3'9'2 Y%S ,xldj ;=< oekgu;a b;d fydka kshdukh jk nexl= yd rlaIK iud.
l,dmSh yd f.da,Sh fjf<|fmd<j,g jHdma; lsu u;a lsu" i|yd wjYH
lrk rdcH wkq.%yh ta i|yd bm;a jk wdh;kj,g ,nd fokafkuq'
3'9'3 hqoaOh wjika jk g wefuldkq fvd,r ,shk 5'2 l fjf<|fmd< m%d.aOkSlrKh

;snQ Y%S ,xldf fldgia fjf<|fmd< 2014 wjika jk g wefuldkq fvd,r
,shk 28 olajd 535] jrOkh l<dla fuka" jir 2020 jk g iuia; fjf<|fmd<
m%d.aOkSlrKh wefuldkq fvd,r ,shk 100 olajd jrOkh lsug wjYH
meye,s ie,eiaula bm;a lruq'
[ 13 ]
3'9'4 Yla;su;a fldgia fjf<|fmd<la ;=< rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYj, f,dl= l=vd
wdh;kj, m%d.aOk wjYH;d imqrd.ekSug bv ie,iSfuka cd;sl" m%dfoaYSh yd
.%dh ixjrOk l%shdj,shg je odhl;ajh ,ndug bv i,ikafkuq'
3'9'5 fldgia fjf<|fmd< yryd kEu iudh ia:rhlg wh;a mqrjeisfhl=g

,ehsia;=.; iud.j, fldgialrefjl= rgg we;sjk iS>% ixjrOkh;a iu
tu wdh;k ,nkakd jQ m%;s,dN N=la;s ug wjia:dj i,ikafkuq'
3'9'6 Y%S ,xldf ixflakaS N+f.da,Sh msysu wdkhk wmkhk iy wfkl=;a fjf<|
lghq;= i|yd jdishla f,i fhdod.ekSug f,dalfha we;s m%Odk;u nyqcd;sl
iud.j,g wdrdOkd lrk w;r" ;u l,dmSh uQ,ia:dkhka Y%S ,xldj ;=<
msysgqug wjYH ish .eka ,ndug wms lghq;= lrkafkuq'
3'10 lDIslruh

3'10'1 iy t<j j.dj
w'
wd' f.dhdf.a c whs;sh yd iqrlaIs;;djh iy;sl jk m c foaYShj ksmou yd

fnodyeu ms<sn| rcfha j.lSu ;jrg;a iy;sl lrk kj kS;s rduqjla ykajd
fokafkuq'
we' zKh ke;s f.dfhlaZ ixl,amh hgf;a f.dhd fjf<|fmd< h.ig ne| ;nk
Kh nka uqojd .ekSug w;HdjYH jk" iykodhS f.d Kh i|yd u jQ f.d
ck nexl= l%uh h<s wrUkafkuq'
wE' j.djg we;s b,au ksishdldrj mj;ajdf.k hdu yd w;ruehkaf.a n,mEu

wju lsu i|yd lsf,dajla remsh,a 50 l iy;sl ,g .ekSug rch uey;a
jk w;r" oekg wrnqohlg uqyqKmd isk l=vd yd uOH mudK iy,a fuda,a
yshka i|yd iyk ld,iSudjlg hg;aj rch , .;a f;d. ,ndug lghq;=
lrkafkuq'
[ 14 ]
wdydr w;ska iajhxfmdaIs; cd;shla njg m;af wmf.a r>ld,Sk wruqK

h:dr:hla njg m;alsf m%Odk uQf,damdh f,i f.dkag ,ndfok zfmdfydr
iykdOdrhZ bhg;a mj;ajdf.k hkafkuq' tfukau ji I ke;s f.d;ek
m%p,s; lsu i|yd ridhksl fmdfydr yd m<sfndaO kdYlj,ska f;dr f.d;ekla
i|yd fYaI iyk ,nd fokafkuq'
b'
iy,a iy nvb= ksIamdokfhka rg iajhxfmdaIs; jQ mu ukd lDIslrudka;

ie,eiaula yd l<ukdlrKhla ;=<ska jrI 2020 jk g uqxweg" lmS" fidahd
fndax" l=rlalka iy W jeks wfkl=;a wdydr fnda.j,ska rg iajhxfmdaIs;
lsug lghq;= lruq'
B'
wjqre 10 lg jvd je ld,hla rcfha bvj, lDIsldrl lghq;= islrka

is iq f.dhkag tu bv iskaklalrj u ,nd ug wjYH lghq;= imdokh
lrkafkuq'
W'
oHd;aul l%ufohlg wkqj Y%S ,xldj lDIs mdil l,dm .Kkdjlg fnod
ta ta l,dmhg .e<fmk m,;=re yd t<j wiajkq ,s;lg wkqj j.dlsug"
f.dkag u. fmkau iy ;dlaIKsl myiql iemhSug lghq;= lrkafkuq' tu
fnda. foaYSh yd foaYSh fjf<|fmd< b,lal lrf.k iemhSug wjYH u;a
l%ufohla ilia lrkafkuq'
W!' t<j , wvqfjka mj;ajd .ekSug fYaIfhka Wo jk f.dkaf.a wiajkq

iqrlaIs;j l,a ;nd .ekSug wjYH rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYh uska mj;ajdf.k hk
YS;d.dr myiql we;= ;dlaIKsl Wmfoia iy iyfhda.h f.dhka fj; ,nd
fokafkuq'
t'
3'10'2 f;a j.dj
w'
wd' l=vd f;a j;=yshkag ;u j;=msj, M,odj jrOkh lr.ekSu i|yd wvq fmd,S
iyk f. Kh l%uhla ykajd fok w;r" ta i|yd wjYH oHd;aul {dkh
yd w;dlaIKsl l%ufohka ykajdug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
t<j iqrlaIs;j" lkka yd wvq houlska m%jdykh lsu i|yd u;a

hdka;%Kh ilia lsug wjYH l%ufohla ilia lsf wruqKska uOH mudK
jHjidhlhkaf.a o iyNd.s;ajfhka hq;a lgqjla yryd u;a jev ms<sfj<la
bm;a lruq'
w;S;fha mgkau wfma m%Odk;u wmkhk fnda.h jQ f;a i|yd is m%Odk

.ekqlrejka jk reishdj" ueofmr. wd rgj,a j;auka rcfha rj, foaY
in|;d m%;sm;a;sh ksid Y%S ,xldfjka wE;a isu f;a i|yd fyd| ,la wo
fkd,eug m%Odk fya;=jla ;sf' tu ksid lkka fuu fjf<| inkaO;d
w;a lr f;a i|yd fjf<|fmd< m%jrOkhg rcfha Rcq uey;au ,ndfouq'
tfiau f;a o lsf,dajla i|yd re' 90 l iy;sl ,la ,nd fokafkuq'
[ 15 ]
we' l=vd f;a j;=yshka b,lal lrka Tjqkaf.a ksIamdok msjeh wju lsu i|yd
wjYH hkaf;%damlrK , .ekSug wvq fmd,S iyk Kh l%uhla l%shd;aul
lrkafkuq'
wE' l=vd f;a j;= yshkaf.a uvq ilia lr .ekSu i|yd l=vd f;a j;= i;shlg
remsh,a 100"000 l uQ,HdOdrhla mskukafkuq'
3'10'3 rnr
w'
wd' wmkhk lghq;= i|yd rnr , .kakd yd Nd; lrk by< m%;slrKfha
lrudka;Yd,d lsysmhla rg ;=< wdrN lsug foaYSh yd foaYSh wdfhdaclhkag
wdrdOkd fldg Tjqka ffOrhu;a lsug wjYH myiql ,nd fouq'
we' m%;swmkhkh i|yd rnr wdY%s; w;rue ksuejq NdKav Y%S ,xldfjka ,
.kakd iy rnr wdY%s; wjidk NdKav ksIamdokh lrk foaYSh fukau foaYSh
wdfhdaclhkag Y%S ,xldj ;=< kj lrudka;Yd,d werug wdrdOkd lrk w;r"
Tjqkag wjYH lrk wdr:l iyk ,ndfokafkuq'
3'10'4 fmd,a
w'
wd' f;a" rnr yd fmd,a j.djkag wod< ish wK mk;a kQ;k wjYH;djhkag
.e<fmk m jydu ixfYdaOkh fldg tu lafIa;%hkays jrOkhg we;s kS;suh
.eg yd ndOd ksrdlrKh lr fokafkuq'
we' foaY rgj, wdOdr ,ndf.k f;a" rnr yd fmd,a wdY%s; ish mrfhaIK wdh;k
klrKh fldg tajdg wjYH kQ;k ;dlaIKh uska mmQrK lsug lghq;=
lruq'
[ 16 ]
rnr i|yd jQ fjf<|fmd< m%jrOkh i|yd m%Odku .ekqlrejka jk kh

jeks rgj,a iu oamdrYah , .ekSf .siqj,g t<ug wjYH idlPd
rcfha uey;a fuka wdrN lrkafkuq' tfiau rnr i|yd remsh,a 300 l
iy;sl ,la ,nd fokafkuq'
fmd,a j.df M,odhS;djh je lsu i|yd wjYH kj ixl,am yd ;dlaIKhka

ms<sn| mqyqKqj fmd,a j.djg inkaO jHdmdlhkag rcfha wkq.y
% fhka
,ndfokafkuq'
3'10'5 idm%odhsl fkdjk wmkhk fnda.
w'
wd' l=re ;e,Sug oekg mj;sk Y%u W!k;djh u yeru i|yd kj Y%u wdfoaYl
;dlaIKsl WmlrK ,g .ekSf tu ksIamdolhkag fYaI n iyk yd
iykodhS Kh myiql ,ndfokafkuq'
we' idlald" lrdnq ke" fldfldajd iy mqjla jeks wmkhk fnda. ksIamdokh
lrkakka yd fjf<|d lrkakka i|yd iykodhS ldrl m%d.aOk Kh l%ufohla
ykajd fokafkuq'
3'10'6 iSks lrudka;h
w'
wd' wkqrdOmqr" jkshdj" uvl,mqj" uq,;s" ukakdru yd , hk m%foaYj,

fylaghdr 120"000 la w;ska Wla j.djg tl;= lrk w;r" ta m%foaYj,g kk
lrudka;Yd,d ,ndug lghq;= lruq' fuu.ska f.d mjq,a 10"000 lg muK
w;sfrl wdodh udr. Wodflfrk w;r Rcq /lshd 25"000 la muK ysjkq
we;'
we' iSks lrudka;fha w;=reM,hla f,i mqkrckkSh n,Yla;s m%Njhka ksIamdokh

fldg th cd;sl ,sn, moaO;shg tlalsug lghq;= lruq'
3'10'7 j;auka rch iska ksishdldrj ls%hd;aul fkdlrkq ,nk " f;a iy rnr i|yd
iy;sl , f.u kej; wrUuq' ms<s.; yels fjf<|fmd< idOlhka u; isjk
, wvqj, iy;sl , ia:djrj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd w;ruehkag wjYH
lrk wdr:l wkq.%yh rch u.ska ,ndug l%ufohla ilia lrkafkuq'
3'10'8 f;a" rnr" fmd,a iy wfkl=;a idm%odhsl iy idm%odhsl fkdjk wmkhk

fnda. i|yd wmkhk Odx.SlrKhg ,lalsug wjYH rdcH wkq.%yh ,ndug
wms lghq;= lrkafkuq' tfiau fuu wmkhkhka i|yd kj fjf<|fmd<j,a
wdlrIKh lsug cd;sl ugf fYaI{ ldrhdxYhla msysgqjkafkuq'
oekgu;a f,dalfha Wiiau jr.fha l=re imhkafkl= jk Y%S ,xldf l=re

lrudka;h m%jrOkhg imQrK fjf<| pl%hu wdjrKh jk m m%jrOk jev
ms<sfj<la ykajd fokafkuq'
jir 2020 jk g ,xldf iSks wjYH;dj foaYShj imQrK lsug yelsjk

m iSks lrudka;h hqKq lruq' me,j;a;" fijk., yd ys=rdk lrudka;Yd,d
klrKh lrk w;r Wla j.df M,odhS;dj je lsug wjYH w M,od c
l%u yd kQ;k j.d l%u ykajdug rcfha iydh ,ndfouq'
[ 17 ]
3'10'9 j.dj" f;a" rnr iy wfkl=;a fnda. j.d i|yd oekg mj;sk idm%odhsl ,
.ekSf l%ufoh fjkqjg kj hdka;%Khla ykajd ug;a kj , iQ;%hla wkqj
f.dhdg iy mdfNda.slhdg je iykhla ,efnk l%ufohla ykajd ug;a
mshjr .kafkuq'
3'10'10 mY= lrudka;
w'
wd' mY= ffjoH Wmdh i|yd n|jd .kakd YsIH ixLHdj by< kexfuka fuu
lrudka;fha ixjrOkh i|yd wjYH jD;a;slhkaf.a ixLHdj mq,a lrkafkuq'
we' l=l= ksIamdokfhka rg iajhxfmdaIs;j we;s ksid wfma ksIamdok i|yd bkahdj"
ol=Kq wm%sldj yd ueofmr. jeks fjf<|fmd<j,a ch .ekSug wjYH uQ,sl
myiql rcfha iydfhka ,ndug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
wE' jhsfka W;=re yd kef.kysr ck;djf.a idm%odhsl mY= lrudka;hla jk

tjka we;s lsu jrOkh i|yd wjYH megjqka iEu mjq,lg u ,ndug jev
igykla wdrN lrkafkuq'
b'
,laI 12 lg;a je ls t<fokqka ish;a yhdldrj hqKq ke;s ls lrudka;h

k.d isgqug cd;sl jev ms<sfj<la bm;a lrkafkuq'
B'
ls lrudka; yshka i|yd rcfha iyNd.s;ajfhka rg mqrd jHdma; ls tl;=

lsf cd,hla yd .nvdlrK uOHia:dk iuQyhla ia:dms; lrkafkuq'
W'
foaYSh yd foaYSh wdfhdaclhkaf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka rg ;=< ls ksIamdok

lrudka;Yd,d w;ska msysgqug yd mj;sk lrudka;Yd,d klrKh lsug;a
tajd i|yd wjYH n iyk ,nd" mdfNda.slhdg idOdrK ,lg ls ms
,ndf jev ms<sfj<la ilia lsug;a mshjr .;af;uq'
[ 18 ]
mY= im;a ixjrOk uKav,fha ;dlaIKsl ufmkau hgf;a mjHdma; i;aj

wNsckk f.dm<j,a cd,hla msysgqug" l=vd yd uOH mudK jHjidhlhka
.ekaf iyk jev ms<sfj<la wdrN lrkafkuq' tfiau hr ls ,Sgrhla
i|yd remsh,a 70 l iy;sl ,la o ,nd fokafkuq'
3'11 lrudka; yd fiajd

3'11'1 lrudka;hla wdrN lsf" mq,a lsf iy mj;ajdf.k hdf jr;udkfha
n,d;aulj mj;sk O mk;aj, mj;sk mriamr;d fya;=fjka wmyiq;djhg
m;ajk lrudka;lrejka uqyqK fok Odldr ndOd bj;alr Tjqka .ekaug
iy Bg myiql ie,iSug kj kS;suh rduqjla ykajd fokafkuq' ta i|yd mQrK
n,;, iys; lrudka; ixjrOk mk; f.k tkafkuq'

3'11'2 nlrKh ir, iy myiq lsu" rcfhka ,nd.; hq;= ish wkque;Ska tla
jy,la hg ,nd.ekSu iy ta i|yd .; lrk ld, rduq ksYaph lsu" wuqjH
imhd .ekSu myiq lsu" udkj im;a l<ukdlrKh" mir ixrlaIKh" kk
;dlaIK Nd;h" wmkhk fjf<|fmd<g myiq wj;SrKhla ,ndu wd ish
lafIa;%hka fuu mk;ska wdjrKh lrkafkuq'
3'11'3 rf iEu m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdihlg u tl ne.ska foaYSh im;a Nd;d

jk lrudka; yd w.h tl;=lsf lrudka; we;= lrudka;Yd,d 325 la wdrN
lsug foaYSh yd foaYSh wdfhdaclhkag wdrdOkd lruq' tu lrudka;Yd,d
msysgqug wjYH ish wjirhka tl u jy,la hgf;a ,ndug lghq;= lrk
w;r" Tjqka .ekaug wjYH lrk myiql ish,a, ,ndfokakg lghq;=
lrkafkuq' f yryd ;u jk m%foaYh ;=<u l< yels /lshd wjia:d ,laIhla
W;amdokh lrkafkuq'
3'11'4 cd;sl lrudka; moaO;sh ;=< kj oekqu yd foaYSh fidhd.ekS .ekau i|yd
;dlaIKsl mrfhaIK oHd.dr moaO;shla rgmqrd YajoHd, moaO;sh wdY%s;j
msysgqjkafkuq'
3'11'5 O oHd{hska yd mrfhaIlhka tjeks kj fidhd.ekS yd ixjrOk lghq;=

i|yd .ekaug cd;sl mrfhaIK yd ixjrOk wruqo,la msysgqjkafkuq' tu
wruqo, uska lrudka;lrejkag yd mrfhaIlhkag wjYH uQ,H iyh ,ndug
lghq;= lrkafkuq'
3'11'6 ks,a ihqre wdr:lh
w'
Y%S ,xldf uqyq iSudj mq,a lr .ekSu i|yd ckdm;s uyskao rdcmCI iufha wm
l< b,a,Sulg wkqj tlai;a cd;Skaf.a id.r kS;shg wkqj Y%S ,xldf md,khg
hg;a uqyq wdr:l l,dmfha iSudjka w;ska ksrKh lsf" Y%S ,xldjg bfha
whs;s ug ksh; uqyq m%foaYh rf iuia; N+ m%udKh fuka 23 .=Khla
muK f'
[ 19 ]
wd' fuu ;;a;ajh hgf;a wm ujqf" wdr:l ixjrOk l%shdj,shg ks,a ihqr Wmu
jYfhka odhl lr .ekSu i|yd zihqr wmf.a fidhqrdhZ hk ixl,amh hgf;a
;sridr ixjrOk ie,eiaula bm;a lrkafkuq'
we' fuu kj uqyq iSudj ;=< we;s Lksc f;,a" .Eia yd Lksc je,s jeks im;a
.fIKh ;=<ska ,xldf iuia; wdr:lh ma,h fjkilg fhduq lrjkakg
lghq;= lrkafkuq'
wE' Y%S ,xldj l,dmfha ku kQ .nvd" m%jdyk yd jkdl tl;= lsf

flakaia:dkhla njg m;alsf wruqK uqka muqKqjd .ekSug Wmldr jkq msKsi
fld<U" ynkaf;dg" ;%sl=Kdu,h" lkalika;=fr yd T,a hk jrdhkag wod<
ixjrOk lghq;= lk lr tajd jehqKq lruq'
b'
.d jrdh fYaIfhka u ixpdrl lrudka;fha m%jrOkhg wjYH myiql

imhk ixpdrl jrdhla f,i ixjrOkh lruq'
B'
fmr wmr fo. rgj,a hd lrk m%Odk uqyq udr.hg b;d wdikakj msysgd we;s
ynkaf;dg jrdh wdY%s;j ke i|yd bkaOk iemhSf lrudka;h hqKq lsu
;=<ska rgg Yd, wdodhula ,nd .ekSug lghq;= lrk w;r tu kej,g" wfkl=;a
nvq NdKav yd iydh fiajdjka iemhSug l=vd yd uOH mudK jHjidhlhka
u;a lsf fYaI jev ms<sfj<la ilia lruq'
W'
fld<U yd ynkaf;dg wdY%s; wx. imQrK jrdh k.r folla bfldg"

ixpdrl fydag,a" idmamq ixlSrK" fkdao uOHia:dk" m%orYk yd iuka;%K Yd,d
myiql hkdfhka iuka; zl,dmSh fjf<| flaka follaZ msysgqjkafkuq'
W!' oekgu;a b;d idr:lj mq,a lr we;s rg jgd msys jr jrdhkays myiql ;jrg;a
jrOkh fldg jr lrudka;h rf ck;djg fmdaIKh i|yd ,ndug muKla
fkdj rgg Yd, foaY ksuhla ,nd.; yels idr:l wmkhk lrudka;hla
njg o m;alsu u.ska wm uqyq l,dmh ;=< we;s u;aiH im;ska Wmu M,
fk,d.kakg lghq;= lrkafkuq'
t'
[ 20 ]
ks,a ihqr" ixpdrl lrudka;h m%jrOkfha fnfyka m%fhdackj;a idOlhls'

;,auiqka yd fvd,aska uiqka keru" fldr,a keru" r< l%Svd" ls" fndagq
yd Tre meu" fkdaoh i|yd uiqka we,a,Su" ;%dickl l%Svd" fndagq ;r wd
iuqdYs%; ixpdrl lghq;= i|yd iqfYaIS rgla f,i cd;Hka;r ms<s.ekSula
,ndug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
ta'
idm%odhsl jr lrudka;fha fhfok mjq,aj, fukau fuu lrudka;hg

wj;SrK ug leu;s orejka fjkqfjka jr ;dlaIKsl oHd,hka wrUkafkuq'
tajd yryd jr lafIa;%fha kj m%jK;d" kj ;dlaIKhka" hkaf;%damlrK
Nd;h" ;drlaIK l%ufo" id.r kS;s" cd;Hka;r uqyq iSud fukau u;aiH
im; ksjerj fk,d .kakd iy /l n,d .kakd wdldrh o b.ekaug lghq;=
lrkafkuq'
T'
wka;rcd;sl fjf<|fmd< ;=< u;aiH wiajkq wf,h inkaOfhka u;=jk

wNsfhda.j,g uqyqKu i|yd kj fjf<|fmd< fidhd hdf jevigykla
wdrN lrkafkuq'
'
lrj," Wn,lv iy cd ksIamdok lrudka; i|yd ldka;d jHjidhl mx;shla

ys lsu i|yd ldka;djkag fYaI jQ iyk Kh l%uhla ykajd fokafkuq'
l'
uqyqnv jr lrudka;hg iu.dj h u;aiH lrudka;h o hqKq lsu

i|yd wNHka;r c,dY wdY%s;j mq,a c, ixjrOk jevms<sfj<la cd;sl
ugfuka l%shd;aul lruq'
.'
jr m%cdjg ;u jD;a;sh i|yd kk ;dlaIK l%ufo fhdod.ekSu ffOrhu;a

lru i|yd Tjqka fjkqfjka u b,lal.; iyk Kh l%uhla rdcH nexl= yryd
l%shd;aul lsug lghq;= lrkafkuq' jr fndagq yd WmlrK ,ndug l,an
Kh l%uhla ykajd fokafkuq'
c'
wmf.a N+f.da,Sh msysu jdishla lr .kska jrdh wdY%s;j fukau .eUqre

uqyqfoa o kdl hd;%d w;ajehdj fukau ke iy fndagq ksIamdok lrudka;
jer hqKqjg fYaI wjOdkh fhduq lrkafkuq'
g'
f,dalfha by< wdodh iys; jD;a;Ska f,i ie,flk kdl lafIa;%fha O

/lshd i|yd oekqu yd mqyqKqj ,ndug id.r YajoHd,fha wOHhk wjia:d
mq,a lrkafkuq'
v'
Wmdh udr.sl lrudka;hla f,i ka ud lrudka;h ixjrOkh lrkafkuq'

ta i|yd u;aiH wiajekak nyq, m%foaY 5 l lrudka;Yd,d wdrN lsug
wdfhdaclhkag myiql i,ikafkuq'
K' ks,a ihqre wdr:lh ;=<ska b jir 5 ;=< kj iDcq iy jl% /lshd 400"000 la
W;amdokh lsug lghq;= lruq'
[ 21 ]
3'11'7 ixpdrl mdrdihla
w'
wd' jir 2020 jk g ixpdrlhskaf.a meu ,shk 4 lg by< kxjd ta ;=<ska

weulka fvd,r ,shk 5 l wdodhula o iDcq iy jl% /lshd 350"000 lao cks;
lsu wmf.a wruqKhs'
we' f i|yd wm rg ;=< mj;sk woa;Sh iy OdldrjQ msis fjr< ;Srhka"

f,dal Wreuhka" foaYSh ffjoH iy iqj;d myiql" ixialD;sl iy l,d wx.hka"
iajdNdl mirh" jk yd i;aj im; jeks ixpdrl wdlrIKhka ms<sn| wjYH
cd;Hka;r fjf<| m%pdrhka ,ndug rchla f,i iDcqj u uey;a u ;=<ska
ixpdrl jHdmdrhg wjYH Wmu iyfhda.h ,ndug wms lghq;= lrkafkuq'
wE' ixpdrl lrudka;h ;sridr ugf mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd lreKq folla
inkaOj fYaI wjOdkh fhduqh hq;= nj wmf.a Yajdihhs' tk"
oekgu;a jirlg ixpdrlhska ,shk 1'1 lskao weulka fvd,r %,shk 1'5 lg
je wdodhulska o iuka; jQ ixpdrl lrudka;h f,dj Yd,;u lrudka;h
f' ishjia .Kkdjl b;sydih mqrd ixpdrl mdrdihla f,i m%p,s;
Odldr jQ ixpdrl wdlrIKhkaf.ka iuka; wmf.a uf wdr:l ixjrOk
l%shdj,sfhys,d ixpdrl lrudka;hg l< yels odhl;ajh w;suy;a h'
fuu lrudka;fha m%jrOkh uska ,efnk wdr:l m%;s,dN rf

mqrjeishkaf.ka Yd, m%udKhlg fn hd hq;=h'
fuu lrudka;fha m%jrOkh yryd isjk lsis l%shdldrlulska mirhg

lsis ydkshla is fkdh hq;=h'
b'
ixpdrlhkaf.a wd.uk .uk lghq;= myiq yd ldrhlaIu lsu i|yd Tjqka

wdlrIKh lsug je yelshdjla we;s k.r Y%S ,xldjg inkaO lsug wjYH
.=jka fiajd mq,a lsug wms lghq;= lrkafkuq' ta i|yd f,dalfha ms<s.;a .=jka
iud.j,g wmf.a .=jka f;dgqm< iu. we;s inkaO;djh jrOkh lsug
wjYH ish myiql iy iyfhda.h ,ndfokafkuq'
B'
fYaIfhka u f.fhka jrOkh fjka mj;sk kh m%uqL" reishdkq" ueofmr.

i|yd wdishdkq l,dmSh jeka; ixpdrl fjf<|fmd< YS% ,xldjg wdlrIKh
lr .ekSug fYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lrkafkuq'
[ 22 ]
W'
W!' ixpdrl lrudka; m%jrOkfha m%;s,dN .Dyia: wdr:lhg ,ndf wruqKska

Y%S ,xldf fuf;la m%p,s;j ke;s kuq;a f,dalfha m%p,s; zixpdrl i;aldrl
ksjdiZ l%uh m%jrOkh i|yd wjYH jHjidhl mqyqKqj" Kh myiql iy
foaYSh ixpdrlhka fuka ;=ka .=Khla muK jk foaYSh ixpdrlhkaf.a

mfNdackh i|yd wjYH myiql .=Kd;aul Ndjfhka jrOkh lsug;a f,ka
myiq lsu;a wmf.a wruqKhs' f i|yd oekgu;a rgmqrd is we;s iq yd
uOH mudKfha ;dkdh iy ksjdvq ksfla;khka m%;s.; lsug wjYH uQ,H
iyfhda.h iykodhS fmd,S l%uhla hgf;a" tajd mj;ajdf.k hk jHdmdlhkag
m%pdrK iyh ,ndug wms lghq;= lrkafkuq' ta hgf;a m<uq jir ;=< ksjdi
25"000 lg wkq.%yh ,ndug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq'

t'
ixpdrl fydag,a j,g ,sh iyk ,lg ,ndu i|yd l%ufohla ilia
lrkafkuq'
3'11'8 we lrudka;h
w'
wd' we lafIa;%fha jir mylg jvd fiajfha kshq;= wh i|yd iyk fmd,S ksjdi
Kh fhdackd iy rlaIK l%uhla nexl= iy rlaIK moaO;sh yryd l%shd;aul
lrkafkuq'
we' .Dyia:" l=vd iy uOH mudK we iy w;al i|yd b,lal.;j u;a

f;d. fjf<| uOHia:dk ;=kla uyr.u" .my iy ld;a;kal= m%foaYj,
msysgqjkafkuq'
wE' we lrudka;fha Odx.SlrKh yd klrKh i|yd wjYH kj ;dlaIK

yd l<ukdlrK oekqu ,nd .ekSu i|yd;a fiajl fialdjkag M,odhs;d jrOk
mqyqKqj ,nd u i|yd;a tu lafIa;%fha kshq;= l=vd yd uOH mudK jHdmdrj,g rdcH
wkq.%yh ,ndu i|yd l%uj;a jevms<sfj<la bm;a lrkafkuq'
rgg Yd, f,i foaY ksuh Wmhd fokq ,nk we lafIa;%fha fiajfha kshq;=
ldka;djka i|yd WmfoaYk fiajd uOHia:dk 10 la we;s flfrk w;r tjka h
hKsjrekaf.a iy h mq;=kaf.a jD;a;Sh .re;ajh by< kexu b,lal fldg.;a
fYaI jevigykla l%shd;aul lsug wjYH lghq;= tu lrudka;fha kshq;=
wdh;kj, o" iyfhda.fhka l%shd;aul lrkafkuq'
[ 23 ]
b'
we lrudka;fha kshe,S isk fiajl fialdjkag Y%du jegqma l%uhla

lkka ykajdug wdh;k yshka yd rlaIK iud. iu tlaj kj
l%ufohla ykajd fokafkuq'
B'
foaYSh fjf<|fmd< fukau uOH iy wvq wdodh ,nk ziyrd - wm%sldkqZ iy

z,;ska weuldkq rgj,aZ b,lal lr.;a ;dhs,ka;fha nexfldla kqjr f;d.
fjf<|fmd< jeks f;d. fjf<|fmd<la ish h;, myiql iys;j uyr.u
muqKqj m%foaYhg wdikakj msysgqjkafkuq'
W'
niakdysr iy kef.kysr m<df;a m%p,s; w;ahka;% fmaI lrudka; ksIamdok

f;d. wf,h i|yd uOHia:dk folla we;s flfr'
W!' uvl,mq ia;%slalfha foaYSh frms<s ksIamdok lrudka;h hqKq lsfuka l=vd yd
uOH mudK jHdmdlhka u;a lrkafkuq'
3'11'9 m;,a yd mdIdK lrudka;h
w'
wd' ueKsla lrudka;h hqKq lsu i|yd w;dlaIKsl iQlaIau lemq ;dlaIKh jeks
kj ;dlaIK l%ufo ykajd ug wjYH .eka imhkafkuq'
we' wm i;= ksrka" fmdiafma" hlv" hmia" Lksc f;,a" iajdNdl .Eia iy Lksc
je,s hk im;aj, ksis M, fk<d.ekSu i|yd;a" w.h tl;= l< ks lrudka;
yslsu i|yd;a zcd;sl ;srir Lksc im;a lrudka; m%;sm;a;shlaZ ykajd
fokafkuq'
wE' fuu lrudka; jehqKqj i|yd j ;dlaIKh" kefkda ;dlaIKh" oHq;a

;dlaIKh" frdfnda ;dlaIKh" f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh jeks kk ;dlaIKhka
Nd; lsu i|yd mlaIK lghq;= u;a lruq'
b'
[ 24 ]
ueKsla i|yd cd;Hka;r fjf<|fmdf<a oekgu;a wm kd we;s lSr;skduh

mok lrf.k ixpdrl yd wmkhk m%jrOk lghq;= yd inkalrKfhka
Y%S ,xldj f,dalfha m%uqL;u ueKsla fjf<| uOHia:dkh njg m;a lrkafkuq'
kg wrnqohlg ,la we;s kh" reishdj yd ueofmr. rgj,a jeks rgj,
fjf<|fmd<j,a kej; wdlrIKh lr .ekSug rcfha uey;au ,nd
fokafkuq'
wvq wdodh,dNS ;reKhka i|yd kshduk m;,a l%uh yryd rcfha bvj,
lekS lghq;= lsug rdcH ueKsla ixia:dj yryd wjYH n,m;%o" iyfhda.ho
3'11'10 f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh
w'
wd' by< idlaIr;djhlska hq;= olaI yd nqoau;a ;reK mrmqrla ys wfma rf

zoekqu uQ,slZ Y%u n,ldhla f.dvke.Su uska Y%S ,xldj f,dalh ;=< oHd
yd ;dlaIK mrfhaIK flakahla f,i ia:dms; lsug wjYH miqu ilia
lrkafkuq' f,dalfha oekqu yd kfjda;amdokh ms<sn| m%Odk; u Yaj flakahka
oyfhka tlla njg Y%S ,xldj m;alsu wfma .= ld,Sk wruqKhs'
3'11'11 bls lrudka;h
w'
wd' bls lrudka;fha kshq;= O Ys,amSkag ld,Sk mqyqKq wjia:d ,ndug;a"

yelshdjka wkqj foaY /lshd i|yd inkaO lsug;a fYaI jevms<sfj<la
ilia lrkafkuq'
we' cd;sl lrudka; moaO;sh ;=< kj oekqu yd foaYSh fidhd.ekS .ekau i|yd
;dlaIKsl mrfhaIK oHd.dr moaO;shla rgmqrd YajoHd, moaO;sh wdY%s;j
msysgqjkafkuq'
wE' O oHd{hska yd mrfhaIlhka tjeks kj fidhd.ekS yd ixjrOk lghq;=

i|yd .ekaug cd;sl mrfhaIK yd ixjrOk wruqo,la msyg
s qjuq'
3'11'12 l=vd jHdmdr yd iajhx /lshd
w'
Y%S ,xldf wf.S udr. is;shug iu.dj uykqjr" .d,a," hdmkh" lgqkdhl"
;%sl=Kdu,h hk k.rj, kj zf;dr;=re ;dlaIK .udkZ rch iska msysgqjk
w;r" tajdfha wdfhdackh lsug" ;reK ;reKshka mqyqKq lsug iy /lshd
W;amdokh lsug fm!oa.,sl wxYh Wkka lsu i|yd rdcH wkq.%yh iys;
fYaI jevigykla l%shd;aul lrkafkuq'
rf iS>% jrOkhla n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk b jirj, l,dmfha hqKq rgj, yd

iu l< yels bls lrudka;hla f.dvke.Sug odhl jk" lafIa;%hg inkaO
ish fiajdodhlhka" blslrejka yd bls Ys,amSkaf.a jD;a;Shuh .eg
if|k foaYSh bls lrudka; m%;sm;a;shla ilia lrkafkuq'
rf wdr:lfhka 70] lg muK Wrfok l=vd yd uOH mudK jHdmdlhka

inkaOj lghq;= lsug msysgqjd we;s O fomdr;fka;= yd wdh;k w;r
ukd inkalrKhla oekg isfkdjk ksid f ish rdcH wdh;k yd wod<
jHjidhlhka o ksfhdackh jk j.lSu iys; cd;sl iNdjla msysgqjkafkuq'
[ 25 ]
wd' ldrl ixjrOk uKav,h jvd;a Yla;su;a fldg .Dy" l=vd yd uOH mudK
jHjidhlhkag wjYH mqyqKqj" ;dlaIKh yd fjf<|fmd< f;dr;=re myiqfjka
,ndfok jevigykla l%shd;aul lrkafkuq' tfiau w< lafIa;%hkays ksr;
olaI fiajl fialdjkag yd jHjidhlhkaf.a orejkag lafIa;%fha jrOkhg
wjYH kk ;dlaIl kqu ,ndu i|yd rdcH wkq.%yfhka foaY ixpdr yd
wOHdmk myiql i,ikq ,ef'
we' ishu rdcH nexl= uska m<uq jir fol ;=< jdl wh fkdlrk fYaI ixjrOk
Kh fhdackd l%uhla iyk fmd,shlg fuu lafIa;%fha Wkak;sh i|yd ykajd
fokafkuq'
wE' Y%S ,xld wmkhk ixjrOk uKav,h imQrKfhka u m%;sjHqy.; lr .Dy"

l=vd iy uOH mudK jHjidhlhkaf.a ksIamdok cd;Hka;r fjf<|fmd<g
fhduqlsug iydh ,ndfokafkuq'
b'
.%dh lDIslrudka; yd wfkl=;a l=vd mudK ksIamdolhkaf.a ksIamdok

/ialsu yd fnodyeu i|yd l=vd f,dhla fyda jEka r:hla , .ekSu i|yd
jhi wjqre 35 g wvq ;reK jHdmdlhka mkia oyilg iyk fmd,shla hgf;a
Kh uqo,la ,nd fokafkuq'
B'
m%jdyk fiajdjka imhk ;%sfrdao herkaf.a yis uqo,a wjYH;d imqrd .ekSu
i|yd remsh,a 100"000 l fYaI wvq fmd,S iys; Kh m;la (Credit Card) rdcH
wkq.%yfhka ,nd fokafkuq' tfukau wjqre 20 lska wdmiq f.jd ksu l< yels
,laI 30 la olajd jQ ksjdi Khla wvq fmd,shg ,nd fokafkuq'
W'
ixpdrlhka nyq,j .ejfik m%foaYj, fiajd imhk ;%sfrdao r: kshuqjkaf.a

foaY NdId yelshdjka yd wfkl=;a jD;a;Sh yelshdjka hqKq lsu i|yd
fYaI mdGud,djka ykajdf u;a jevms<sfj<la wod< wud;HdxY
inkalrKfhka l%shd;aul lruq'
W!' u.S m%jdykfha b;d jeo.;a ldrhNdrhla bgq lrk" mdi,a orejka m%jdykh
lrk jEka r:" ldrhd, m%jdyk fiajd jEka r: yd .=jkaf;dgqm< u.S m%jdyk
fiajd jEka r: i|yd by< .=Kd;aul fiajdjla iemhSu iy iqrlaIs; nj Wfoid
w< ix. iu. idlPd fldg w;ska n iyk iys;j jdyk wdkhkh
lsug wjia:dj i,id fokafkuq'
[ 26 ]
t'
idudkH ck;djf.a m%jdyk wjYH;d bgqlsf islrkq ,nk fiajh we.ehSula

jYfhka ;%S ,rj, wu;r fldgia ish nj,ska ksoyia fldg" , my; ug
lghq;= lruq'
ta'
;%sfrdao r: yslrejl=" l=,S fudagr r: fiajhlg ;u jHdmdrh jehqKq lrk

wjia:djl , .kq ,nk m%:u l=,S fudagr r:h i|yd ;Sre n iyk ,ndug
mshjr .kafkuq'
T'
;%sfrdao r:" gelais r: yd mdi,a jEka r: kshdukh lsu i|yd wdh;khla

ia:dms; lrkafkuq'
'
fm!oa.,sl nia r:" ;%sfrdao r:" gelais r:" mdi,a jEka r: yd ixpdrl" m%jdyk
wd ish lafIa;%j, herka i|yd 2015 whjeh uska fhdackd l< Y%du jegqma
iy ; rCIK l%uh rcfha wlaIKh hgf;a l%shdjg kxjkafkuq'
l'
rf wdr:lfha m%n, fldgila jk iajhx /lshd kshqla;slhkag wjYH mqyqKqj

iy ;dlaIK kqu ,ndug fYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lrkafkuq' tfiau Tjqka
rf wdr:lhg ,ndfokakd jQ odhl;ajh rcfha we.ehSug ,lajk l%ufohla
ilia lrkafkuq' m<uq jir ;=< fmd,S rys;j iy bkamiq iyk fmd,shg Kh
wdOdr ,ndug l%ufohla ilia lrkafkuq'
.'
ol=Kq fldhdj" cmdkh" b;d,sh iy iaf%,shdj jeks rgj,a iu. kj /lshd

.siq we;slr .kska b;d by< jegqma iys; kj /lshd 50"000 la W;amdokh
lrkafkuq'
c'
furgg tjk ,o foaY ksuh m%udKh mok lr.kska foaY /lshdj,

kshq;= Y%S ,dxlslhkag ;Sre n rys; jdyk n,m;%hla ,nd f l%ufohla ilia
lrkafkuq'
g'
foaY /lshd kshqla;slhka i|yd ; rlaIKhla yd taldnoaO Y%du jegqma

l%ufohla rch uey;a fuka ykajd fokafkuq'
v'
iuDoa jHdmdrh tu jHdmdrfha m%;s,dNlrejka iy wfkl=;a mdrYajlrejka

iu iyfhda.fhka bhg mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk w;r" iuDoa m%;s,dN
ukdj, uqof,a jeula lsug o lghq;= lrkafkuq' tfiau ish iuDoa,dNSka
i|yd if;di iy iuqmldr wf,i,aj, fhd.; yels fYaI jg m%;s,dN
,ndfok kj iuDoa ldm;la ykajdug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
[ 27 ]
3'11'13 rdcH fiajh m%;sixOdkh
w'
wd' miq.sh iufha rdcH fiajlhkag ,ndka ish fYaI ukd uQ,sl mhg tl;=
lsug jyd mshjr .kafkuq'
we' rdcH fiajlhl=f.a wju uQ,sl jegqm re' 25"000 olajd je lrkafkuq' f wkqj
rf wdr:lh f.dvkexf rdcH fiajh bgq lrk ldrhNdrh ;SrKd;aul

f' tneka uyck fiajhg lemjQ ldrhCIu rdcH fiajhla ys lsu Wfoid
rdcH mmd,kh m%;sixialrKh lrkafkuq' f iuu rdcH mmd,khg w<
h,amek .sh kS;s fr.=,dis hdj;ald,Sk fldg Yla;su;a lrkq ,ef'
1(4'25 wkqmd;hg rdcH wxYfha ish fY%a i|yd jegqma ixfYdaOkhka isjkq
we;' g wu;rj kg f.jk jk ho ukdj remsh,a 10"000 olajd je
flfr'

wE' ikakoaO fiajd yd fmd,sia fiajfha jegqma ixfYdaOk lgq udi ;=kla ;=< msysgqjd
w< ish jegqma je ls lkka ,ndug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
b'
rdcH fiajfha kj jegqma jHqyhg wkqj we;sjk jrOkhkag wkql+,j

Y%dlhkaf.a jegqma o mj;sk Iu;djhka i|ka ixfYdaOkh lrkafkuq'
g wu;rj rdcH fiajlhkaf.a jegqma jejk iEu wjia:djlu Y%dlhkaf.a
jegqma o Bg wkql+,j ixfYdaOkh ug wjYH Odk ykajd fokafkuq'
B'
yuq yd fmd,sia ks,Odka" .=rejreka" fyhka we;= fi!LH fiajd yd inkaO

jD;a;slhka" .%du ks,Odka" ;eme,a fiajfha kshqla; ,shq fnokakka jeks iudc
fiajd lghq;=j, kshqla; rcfha ks,Odkago l,ska ka iyk ,g h;=re me
W ' rdcH wdh;k ugf msysgqjd we;s fiajl iqNidOl ix.j, uQ,H yelshdj
jrOkh lsu i|yd tajdfha isk idudl ixLHdj wkqj Wmuh remsh,a oY
,laIhla olajd uqo,la wdrNl wruqo,la f,i ,nd fok w;r" tu.ska rcfha
fiajlhskaf.a yis uQ,H wjYH;djka fjkqfjka remsh,a 25"000 l fmd,S rys;
wdmod Kh uqo,la ,nd .ekSug wjia:dj i,ikafkuq'
W!' furg iy msgrg Wiia wOHdmkh ,eu i|yd kEu rcfha fiajlfhl=g
iy Tjqkaf.a orejkag remsh,a ,shkhl iyk fmd,S Kh l%uhla l%shd;aul
lrkafkuq'
[ 28 ]
t'
ksjdi foam< Kh l%uh hgf;a ksjdi i|yd Kh ,nd fkd.kakd rcfha

fiajlhkag tA fjkqjg jdyk Khla ,nd .ekSug bv i,ikafkuq'
ta'
rdcH ks,Odkag foaYmd,k n,mEj,ska f;drj ksoyia mirhla ;=< ;u rdcld

lrf.k hEug wjYH lrk kS;suh m%;smdok lkka ilia lrkafkuq' ms<s.;a
wdh;ksl l%shdmmdka wkq.ukh lrka w< mk;a yd kS;s fr.=,disj,g
wkqj mmd,kuh ;SrK .;a ks,Odkag tfrysj fm!oa.,slj ysyer lsug ka
miq lsisjl=g bv fkd,efnk fia Tjqkag kS;suh wdrlaIdj i,ikafkuq'
3'11'14 fm!oa.,sl wxYh
w'
wd' rdcH wxYfha isl< jegqma ixfYdaOkhkag iudka;rj fm!oa.,sl wxYfha

fiajlhkag widOdrKhla fkdjk m Tjqkaf.a wju uQ,sl jegqm remsh,a 3"000
lska jelsug lghq;= imdokh lrk w;r" tu jegqma je lsfuka fm!oa.,sl
jHdmdlhska h wiSre;djlg m;ajkafka k th iukh lsug wjYH rdcH n
iyk yd uQ,Huh iyfhda.h ,nd fokafkuq'
we' j;= llrejka i|yd jegqma klg remsh,a 1"000 olajd je lsu iy tu f.u
i|yd lsish rdcH wkq.%yhla wjYH f k tu uQ,H wjYH;djh ,nd by;
jegqma je lsu fkdmudj islrkafkuq'
wE' tfukau h,amek .sh llre kS;s hdj;ald,Sk lsu i|yd kS;s imdol
uKav,hla ia:dms; lrkafkuq'
b'
rg ixjrOkh lsf l%shdj,sfha mqoa.,sl wxYfha ldrhNdrh wka ljrg;a

jvd ;SrKd;aul nj wms jgydf.k isuq'
rdcH wxYfha fiajfha kshqla; fkdjk ffjoH" bxfkare" kS;S{" .KldlrK"

.Dy ksrudK Ys,amSka" kqfodare fiajd wd jD;a;Shfkag mir ys;ld
fudagr r:hla , .ekSug ;Sren iyk iys; n,m;%%hla ,ndfokafkuq'
3'11'15 wdr:lh h<s mK .ekau
w'
j;auka rcfha wrorYS" wl%uj;a iy widr:l wdr:l" idudh yd foaYmd,k

m%;sm;a;s ksid |jegqKq ia:djr;ajh yels blaukska h<s f.dvke.Sug lghq;=
lsu b,lal lrka"
cd;sl ia;s%la yd .%dh ugfuka k;r lrkq ,en we;s ish f,dl= l=vd
ixjrOk jHdmD;Ska kej; lkka wdrN lrkafkuq'
[ 29 ]
iq mudK" uOH mudK yd uyd mudK fldka;%d;alrejkag rch uska

f.h hq;= ys uqo,a ish,a, 2015 foienr 31 g fmr imQrKfhka f.jd ksu
lrkafkuq'
rgmqrd lvdjegqK yd wlruKH jQ il,O jHdmdr lkka h<s f.dv.ekSu

i|yd uyd NdKavd.drfha Rcq wlaIKh hgf;a rdcH nexl= yryd iykodhS f.
fldkafoais hgf;a" wvq fmd,S Kh ,ndf l%ufohla ykajd fokafkuq'
ixjrOk jHdmD;Ska wlruKH u fya;= fldgf.k nr jdyk yd O

hkaf;%damlrK i|yd l,an f.ug fkdyelsj wirK isk l=vd yd uOH
mudK jHdmdlhkag w< jdl f.u i|yd rch uey;a iyk ie,iSug
l%shd lrkafkuq'
widOdrK f,i /lshdj,ska bj;a lrkq ,enQ ish rdcH fiajlhka ys jegqma
iys;j kej; fiajfha msysgqjkafkuq'
m%;sm;a;suh lreKq u;" widOdrKhg yd wjkS;shg tfrysj bj;a jQ ish wjxl

rdcH fiajlhka kej; fiajfha msysgqjkafkuq'
rdcH wdh;kj, ys wr:idOl uqo,a yd m%udo we;s ukd jydu f.ug

lghq;= lrkafkuq'
wd' mj;akd rcfha wufkda{ foaY m%;sm;a;sh ksid wfmka wE;ajQ wdishdkq iy
f.da,Sh wdr:l n,j;=ka iu kej; lkka idlPd wdrN lrk w;r"
lvd jegqKq rg h<s f.dvke.Sf l%shdj,sh f.j;a lsug Tjqkaf.a wdr:l iy
foaYmd,k iyfhda.h ,nd.ekSug lghq;= lruq'
we' iy,a" mmamq" l=l= uia" ud" lrj," fmd,a" h<s ia" iSks" <ore lsms we;=
ish u w;HdjYH wdydr jHj, , idOdrK ugulg my; fy<k w;r" tu
w;HdjYH NdKavj, , ia:djrj mj;ajd .ekSug wjYH m ,xld if;di yd
iuqmldr fldama is wdh;k mq,a lrkafkuqq'
wE' iEu iuDoa ukd ,nk mjq,lgu rch uska .Eia ,smla" .Eia is,skavrhla iy
.Eia mfNdackh i|yd udislj remsh,a 350 la f jHdmD;shla wrUkafkuq'
b'
[ 30 ]
tfiau iuDoa,dNSka yg yis frda.dndO ;;a;ajhla fyda wkfmalaIs; idOdrK

uqo,a wjYH;djhla we;s jQ g Tjqkaf.a wksjdrh b;sls .sKqj,ska 50] l
uqo,la laIlj ,nd .; yels l%ufohla ilia lrkafkuq'
B'
iajrKdNrK wmkhkh .ekau i|yd r;a;rka we;= wuqjH wdkhkfha
foaY uqo,a .kqfokq myiq lsu i|yd fYaI foaY ksuh .sKq mj;ajd .ekSug
bv ,ndfok w;r tajd i|yd ;Sre n wvq lrkafkuq'

W'
2015 jrIfha wm iska w;ska ilia lrkq ,nk by< uQ,sl jegqm mok lr
.kska iy ish Y%du jegqma Iu;d bj;a lrka Y%dl fcHIaG mqrjeishka
m%Yia; Y%du jegqma ;,hl msysgqjkafkuq'
W!' fcHIaG mqrjeishka i|yd ,x.u nia yd h jdr m%fYm;% rdcH wkq.%yfhka
fkdf,a ,nd fokafkuq'
t'
fcHIaG mqrjeishka i|yd T!IO j,g uilg remsh,a 3000l ukdjla ,ndfok
w;r" nrm;, Y,Hlruhla i|yd remsh,a ,laI 5l Wmuhlg hg;a ffjoH
rCIKhla fkdf,a ,ndfokafkuq'
ta'
fcHIaG mqrjeishkaf.a remsh,a ,laI 25 la olajd jQ ia:djr ;ekam;= i|yd 15]

fmd,shla ,nd fokafkuq'
T'
md lrk ,o jdyk ^Hybrid we;=& wdkhkh i|yd w;ska mkjk ,o

widOdrK n ish,a, wfydais lrk w;r" wod< jHmdrhka kej; h:d ;;a;ajhg
f.k taug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
'
m%dfoaYSh iNd n, m%foaYj, .Dyia: c, .dia;=j 50] lska o k.r iNd n,

m%foaYj, c, .dia;=j 25] lska o jydu wvq lrkafkuq'
[ 31 ]
4' foaY m%;sm;a;sh

zwkjQ;a" fkdnejQ;a" ;%YS,SjQ;a foaY m%;sm;a;shlaZ
4'1 iEu rglg u ;u rg bhg f.k hk Ydk;sh ;SrKh lsug;a" ;u foaYSh

in|;dj, uQf,damdhka ;SrKh lsug;a mru whs;shla we;s nj wmf.a Yajdihhs'
4'2 Y%S ,xldf cd;sl wjYH;djka flakafldg .kska ;u foaY m%;sm;a;sh yiqrejd
.ekSu i|yd fkdne foaY m%;sm;a;sh iy fkdne cd;Skaf.a jHdmdrfha l%shdld
idudl;ajh w;HdjYH ldrKdjla jk nj wmf.a Yajdihhs' ;sia jirl ;%ia;jd
hqoaOh wjika lsf wms uqyqKka m%uqL;u foaY m%;sm;a;s wNsfhda.h idr:lj
ch.; yels jQfha wm f;dard.;a f ksjer u ksid nj wmf.a yeSuhs'
4'3 wi,ajeis bkahdj iy wdishdkq ;=rka iu in|;dj wmf.a foaY m%;m
s ;a;f
s ha Yla;u
s ;a
w;d,u lr .kakd w;r" ngysrg .e;s jQ foaY m%;m
s ;a;h
s la fjkqjg nyq flaka h
S " irj
Ydjkag ysKq foaY in|;d moaO;shla we;slr .ekSu wmf.a wruqKhs'
4'4 wdishdf f.fhka ixjrOkh jk rgla f,i wdishdf wdfrdayKh jk f,dalfha
nyqflakaSh;ajh iu wms wkkH fjuq' kh;a bkahdj;a ,nd.kakd jQ f.j;a
wdr:l jrOkfha flld,Sk" uOHld,Sk iy .=ld,Sk m%;s,dN Y%S ,xldjg ,nd
.ekSug yelsu uy;a Nd.Hhla fldg wms i,lkafkuq' ngysr rgj,a iu wmf.a
wdr:l ne ;j ;j;a Yla;su;a lrk w;r" f,dalfha ke.S tk fjf<|fmd< iy
wdr:l uruia:dk iu. wmf.a in|;d oelr .kska ixjrOk udjf;a f.fhka
bhg .uka lsu wmf.a wruqK jkafka h'
4'5 Y%S ,xldf iaffjNdjh iy fN!l wLKav;djh iq/lSu msKsi yeuodu;a fmkS is
BRICS rgj,a ^n%iS,h" reishdj" bkahdj" kh iy ol=Kq wm%sldj& iy NAM ^fkdne
cd;Skaf.a jHdmdrh& rgj,a iu tla .=Kd;aul cd;Hka;r in|;d f.dvke.Su iy
jrOkh lsu wmf.a m%;sm;a;sh jkafka h' ta w;ru wdishdj ;=< iy f.da,Shj kj
iu;hka f.dvke.Su i|yd odhl fjka fjk;a rgj, foaY m%;sm;a;sj, m%Yia;
l%shdldrl yd w;aoelS wOHhkh lrka tajdhska wdNdih ,nka bhg .uka lsu
wmf.a wruqKhs'
4'6 Y%S ,xldf iaffj;ajh iy iajdm;Hh iq/lSu i|yd jk lk uQf,damdhsl foaY
in|;d l%shdoduhla wdrN lrkafkuq' ta ;=<ska Y%S ,xldjg tfrysj t,a, we;s Bkshd
hqO wmrdO ms<sn| fpdaokdj,ska rKrejka iy cd;sfha lSr;skduh iq/lSug wjYH
ish lghq;= lkka wdrN lrkafkuq'
[ 32 ]
5'
ksjdi yd bv m%;sm;a;sh
zieug ksjila" ys;g ihlaZ
5'1
miq.sh jir kjh ;=< j;aug W; m%;slrKhg ,lajQ ksjdi" kd.lj iy

.%dhj f.dvk.d ksjdi iy bls lafIa;%fha Yd, mjr;khla lsug wms iu;a
jQfhuq' tjka iqYd, mjr;khlg miqj;a Y%S ,xldf ,shk 20 la jQ ck.yKhg
j;a ug oekg we;s ksjdi ,shk 5'2 lska c,h" ,sh iy wfkl=;a ikSmdrlaIl
l%ufo iys;j j;aug iqiq mirhl msysgd we;s ksjdi .Kk ,shk 3'2 la nj;a
wms jgydf.k iskafkuq'
5'2 iEu mqrjeishl=g u ysig fijKla ,ndf j.lSu rch i;= nj m%;sm;a;suh jYfhka
ms<sf.k ta i|yd wjYH ish iydhka ,nd fokafkuq'
5'3 rchg wh;a uy,a ksjdi iy ksjdi fhdackd l%uhkays j;ajkakka yg tu ksjdij,
iskaklalr whs;sh ,nd foka ta i|yd jeh jk Tmamq .dia;= we;=<;a ish u f.
rch iska ug mshjr .kafkuq'
5'4 Y%S ,xldf l=,S ksjeishka" kj jdyl mjq,a we;= ksjil whs;sh wys iEu fokdgu
;u m<uq ksji blsu fyda , .ekSu i|yd iyk fmd,shg remsh,a ,shk 4 olajd
jQ ksjdi Khla ,nd fokafkuq'
5'5 oekg mj;sk wvq myiql iys; ksjdi ykdf.k tajd m%;slrKhlg ,lalsu iy
ikSmdrlaIl myiql jehqKq lsu i|yd ksjeishka .ekaf wruqKska iykodhS
Kh myiql ,ndug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
5'6 iEu ia;%slalhlu ykd.;a wvq wdodh,dNSkaf.a ksjdi m%Yakh iu i|yd b,lal.;
m%;slrKhg ,lajQ kj ksjdi jHdmD;Ska rcfha hoka iEug wms fmdfrdka
jkafkuq'
5'7 j;= ,hska ldurj, j;ajkakd jQ ish u mjq,a ;ukag u ys ksjil mxh i|yd
fhduq lsu yd Tjqkag wjYH ikSmdrCIl myiql iemhSu i|yd wmf.a rch iska
wdrN l< jevms<sfj< bhg;a f.k f.dia lkka wjika lrkafkuq'
5'8 oekgu;a rchg whs;s ksjdij, jir 10 lg jvd l=,shg fyda n l%uhg iskd wvq
wdh,dNS mjq,aj,g tu ksjdi iskaklalrju ,ndf jevms<sfj<la ykajd fouq'
[ 33 ]
5'9 ;D;Shsl wOHdmkh idr:lj ksud lr we;s" udisl wju ia:r wdodhula ,nk ;reK
;reKshkag ksjil ysld;ajh ,ndu i|yd Tjqka blrk m<uq ksji i|yd rdcH
nexl= yryd wvq fmd,S" iyk Khla ,ndug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
5'10 wmf.a mej;s rcfhka rKrejkag ,ndka iyk bhg;a wLKavj ,nd foka ksjdi
wys iEu rKrejl=gu ksjila ,ndug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
5'11 <uqka mia fofkl=g jefhka isk rKre mjq,a i|yd kj ksjila f.dvke.Sug fyda
, .ekSug yd <uqkaf.a wOHdmk lghq;= i|yd iqfYaIS Wmldr l%uhla ykajdug
lghq;= lrkafkuq'
5'12 foaY /lshdj, kshqla;jQjka i|yd remsh,a ,shk 4 la olajd jQ fYaI iyk fmd,S
ksjdi Kh l%uhla rdcH nexl= yryd ykajd fokafkuq'
5'13 hqKqjk fi!LH fiajd iu. ck.yKh jhia.;f m%jK;dj wm ykdf.k we;s
neka orejkaf.a /ljrKh fkdue;s jeyshka i|yd iEu ia;%slalhl u ksh;
m%;shlg wkqj jeys ksjdi b lrkafkuq'
5'14 wjqre 30 hqoaOfhka wj;ekajQjka i|yd wjYH lrk myiql ,nd ksis jdiia:dk
;=< Tjqka mx lrjkafkuq'
5'15 bv m%;sixialrK fldIka iNdj hgf;a we;s bvj, j;ajk ish fokdg tajdfha
whs;sh iy;sl lr .ekSug we;s ish ndOd bj;alr tu bvj, iskaklalr whs;sh
ish f.j,ska ksoyia fldg mjrd fokafkuq'
5'16 ksis m Nd;hg fkd.kakd rcfha bv M,hS f,i rf ixjrOkhg fhd
.ekSu msKsi" tjeks bv ykd.ekSug;a" tu bv l%uj;aj Nd; lsug;a bv
nexl=jla msysgqjkafkuq' tu.ska /lshd rys; ;reK ;rehkag;a l=vd yd uOH
mudK jHdmdlhka yg;a fuu bv ,ndug kso fmfkk l%ufohla ilia
fldg kS;s.; lrkafkuq'
[ 34 ]
6'
wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh
zksoyia wOHdmkh ;=<ska m%nqoaO iudchlaZ
6'1 wms f rf ishu orejkag YajoHd,h olajd ksoyia wOHdmkh ,eug we;s whs;sh
;yjqre lrka rf kEu m%foaYhl j;ajk orefjl=g iudk wjia:d ,efnk m
wOHdmk lafIa;%fha ksj< mq,a lsug iu;a jQfhuq'
6'2 Y%S ,xldf ksoyia wOHdmkh o" wOHdmk ksoyi o iqrlaIs; fldg fmdaIKh lsug
wms ysfhka lemjkafkuq' iEu orefjl=gu w'fmd'i' idudkH fm< olajd mdi,a
wOHdmkh wksjdrhh lrkafkuq' Wiia wOHdmkh" jD;a;Sh wOHdmkh fukau l=i,;d
jrOkh i|yd orejka Wkka lsf m%;sm;a;shla wkq.ukh lruq'
6'3 rf wkd.;h ndr.kakg isk ;reK mrmqrg Tjqfkdjqka iska u f;dard.kakd O
lafIa;%hkays jer wOHdmkh ,nd .ekSug;a" l=i,;d jrOkh lr .ekSug;a" u
i|yd jhi wjqre 18 isg 25 olajd Y%S ,dxlsl iEu ;reKfhl=g yd ;reKshlg u
remsh,a 50"000 l m%odkhla ,nd fokafkuq' ms<s.;a wOHdmk fyda jD;a;Sh mqyqKq ls
wdh;kj, f. lghq;= i|yd tu uqo,a Nd; lsug l%ufohla i,ikafkuq'
6'4 rf ish orejkaf.a ksoyia wOHdmk whs;Ska" myiql jrOkh lsf wruqKska
zksoyia wOHdmk mqkrj wruqo,Z ia:dms; lrk w;r rdcH whjeh f,aLkh yryd
wOHdmkh i|yd m%uqL;ajhla ,ndu i|yd lemjkafkuq'
6'5 iEu lsf,dagr 2 l jmihla u wdjrKh jk m tla z<ud-;=reZ m%d:l wOHdmk
iy jd iq/l= uOHia:dkhla wdrN lrkafkuq'
6'6 fmr mdi,a i|yd wjYH WmlrK ,g .ekSug iEu wkqu; fmr mdi,lgu
remsh,a 50"000 l fmd,S rys; Khla ,nd fokafkuq'
6'7 fmr mdi,a .=rejrekag remsh,a 5000 l udisl ukdjla ,ndfokafkuq'
6'8 mdi,aj,g <uqka we;=<;a lsu fm<Uu i|yd m<uq jirg we;=<;a jk iEu orejl=gu
miafjks fY%Ah olajd n,mj;ajk m jirlg remsh,a 1"200 ne.ska cd;sl b;slsf
nexl=f ;ekam;=jla wdrN lrkafkuq'
6'9 Y%S ,xldf iEu ia;%slalhlg u ck wkqmd;hg i,k m iy iqms cd;sl ugf
mdi,a follg je m%udKhla ,efnk m ykd.;a mdi,a jehqKq flfrk
w;r ia;%sla ugfuka iy . ugfuka ykd .;a wjYH;djka wkqj kj mdi,a
f.dvk.kafkuq'
[ 35 ]
6'10 bx.%Sis iy m.Kl wOHdmkh" fyg f,dalh .ach lrkakg fjr ork wfma
mq;=kag w;HjYH fuj, nj wm jgydf.k iskafkuq' tneka jhsfka ish mdi,a
wdjrKh jk m bx.%Sis iy m.Kl wOHdmkh m%d:l mka;sj, isg u ,ndug
wjYH udkj iy fN!;sl im;a m%jrOkh lsug b,lal.; jevms<sfj<la ykajd
fokafkuq' fuuska jir 2020 jk g rf jd orejkaf.a bx.%Sis iy m.Kl
idlaIr;djh 90] olajd by< kexug wms b,lal.; l%ufohla yryd lghq;=
lrkafkuq'
6'11 wfmdi Wiia fm< Nd.hg fmkS isk iEu orefjl=gu yd YajoHd, YsIH
YsIHdjlgu ;uqkaf.a lshd m.Klhla , .ekSu i|yd fmd,S rys; iyk Kh
uqo,la rdcH nexl= yryd ,ndug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
6'12 idudkH fm< Nd.fhka .;h wiu;a jk ,laIhl muK jQ isiq isiqhkag jir
folla ;=< .;h iu;af tl;djh u; Wiia fm< mdGud,djka yeug
wjia:dj W lrkafkuq' tfiau wfmdi id'fm< .Ks;h wiu;a jk YsIH YsIHdjkaf.a
wOHdmkh wvd, lsu fjkqjg jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wOHdmk Ihhka i|yd mka;s" mdi,
;=<u wdrN lrkafkuq' mdi,a yerhk Wiia wOHdmkh fkd,nk iEu <ufhl=gu
jD;a;Sh mqyqKqjla rch uska fkdf,a ,nd fokafkuq'
6'13 iEu m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdihlg u Wiia fm< oHd" .;" jdKsc" l,d iy
f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh we;= ish Ihka b.ekafjk k.rfha mdi,aj,g iudk ish
myiqlj,ska hq;= uyskafodaoh mdi,a wdrN lrkafkuq' miq.sh ikaOdk rch iska
wdrN lrk ,o uyskafaoh ;dlaIK oHd.dr oyi iy uyskafaoh ;dlaIK mSG
251 ys jev wjika fldg fuu jir wjika ug fmr fha orejkaf.a whs;shg mjrd
fokafkuq'
6'14 rf oejeka; ixjrOk l%shdj,shlg Rcqj odhlug iu;a" oekqfuka yd mqyqKqfjka
ims ;reK msila yslsu i|yd wjYH wOHdmk m%;sixialrK bm;a lrkafkuq'
6'15 fYaI wjYH;d we;s orejka i|yd iEu ia;%slalhl u f;dard.;a mdi,a ;=< im;a
uOHia:dk we;s lrkafkuq'
6'16 .%dh mdi,aj, bx.%Sis" .;h" oHdj" f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh" fi!kaorh wOHdmkh" lS%vd
Ih Odrdjka i|yd .=re wNHdi,dNSka 50"000 la n|jd .ekSug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
[ 36 ]
6'17 YajoHd,j,g we;=jk iEu YsIHfhl=g u fmd;am;a iy wOHdmk WmlrK

,nd.ekSu i|yd remsh,a 10"000 l YsIHdOdr uqo,la YajoHd,hg we;=<;a jk gu
,nd fokafkuq'
6'18 uyfmd< YsIH;aj ukdj re' 6"000 la olajd je lrkafkuq'
6'19 ffjoH" bxfkare" l<ukdlrK jeks O wxYj,ska f;dard.;a foaYSh YajoHd,
7 la wdishdf m%uqL;u YajoHd, 30 w;rg f.k tkakg wjYH lrk fYaI m%;smdok
yd iydh ,nd fokafkuq' ta uska jirla mdid cd;Hka;r YajoHd,j,g flda
.Kka uqo,a ho lrka foaY.; jk oi oyia .Kka foaYSh mq;=ka f rf u
r|jd .ekSug Wkka lrkafkuq'
6'20 YajoHd, ;=< ish mdGud,d" /lshd fjf<|fmd<g we;=ug o" Yaj oekqu jrOkh
lsug o bjy,a jk m hdj;ald,Sk fldg mQrK klrKhlg ,lalrk w;r iEu
jir 5 lg u jrla mdGud,d hdj;ald,Sk lsu wksjdrh lrkafkuq'
6'21 rcfha YajoHd,j,g n|jd .kakd YsIH ixLHdj 30] lska je lrkafkuq'
6'22 YajoHd,fhka msgjk ishu WmdOdka rdcH wxYfha fyda fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
jirl /lshd mqyqKqjla i|yd wkqhqla; lrk w;r" tu ld,h ;=< rch uska
remsh,a 5"000 l udisl ukdjla ,nd fokq we;'
6'23 Wiia fm< iu;a YajoHd,j,g we;=f jr wysjk YsIH YsIHdjkag rcfha
;dlaIK yd jD;a;Sh wOHdmk oHdh;kj,ska /lshd yd iajhx /lshd i|yd wjYH
jer wOHdmkh ,ndfokakg lghq;= lruq'
6'24 ishu ;dlaIK yd jD;a;Sh wOHdmk oHdh;kj,ska wOHdmkh imQrK lrkakka
i|yd /lshd wjia:d Wlr u i|yd /lshd nexl=jla ksmqK;d wud;HdxYh hgf;a
msysgqjkafkuq'
6'25 Wiia fm< iu;a YajoHd,j,g we;=jk" we;=<;a fkdjk jhi wjqre 30 g
wvq ;reK ;reKshkag jer wOHdmkh i|yd iqiq mdGud,djka yeoEug remsh,a
,laI 2 olajd jQ fmd,S rys; fYaI wOHdmk Kh l%uhla ykajd fokafkuq' fuu Kh
uqo, iqiq /lshdjla ,efuka wk;=rej jir 5 la ;=< kej; whlr .ekSug lghq;=
lrkafkuq'
[ 37 ]
6'26 jD; YajoHd,hg we;=<;a jk /lshd rys; wjqre 35g wvq isiq isiqhka i|yd
iyk ,lg mdGud,d yeug wjia:dj ,nd fok w;r" Tjqkaf.a wOHdmkhg w<
m%jdyk lghq;= i|yd udisl jdrm%fY m;%hla fkdf,a ,nd ug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
6'27 jir mylg jvd fiajh lr we;s y,am;sjreka we;=j jir iail fiajd ld,hla
imQrK lr we;s ishu .=reNj;=ka i|yd ;Sre n iyk hgf;a jdyk n,m;%hla ,nd
fokafkuq'
6'28 .=re y,am;s jegqma Iu;d lkka bj;a lrkafkuq'
6'29 ldrl oHd, iy YajoHd,j, rd;%s mdGud,d wdrN fldg /lshdj, kshq;= jQjka
iy jeyshka i|yd wjia:d ,ndug lghq;= flfr'
6'30 Wiia wOHdmkhg fhduqug leu;s ish ugj, fmd,sia ks,Odka yg wjia:d
ie,iSu i|yd kg mj;sk fmd,sia welvh" Wmd m%kh l< yels wdh;khla f,i
jrOkh lsug wjYH im;a ,ndu iy fmd,sia ks,Odka yg mdGud,d yeug
wjYH wOHhk ksjdvq iy ukd ,ndug lghq;= imdokh lrkafkuq'
6'31 ;u tfkod jevlghq;=" ffoksl /lshd" jHdmdr fyda lDIslruhg odhl;ajh imhka
ksjfia isg u wOHdmkh yeoEug wjia:dj ,ndu i|yd wka;rcd,h Tiafia ish
mdGud,d yeoEug YajoHd, wOHdmkh ,nk isiqka Wfoid ria: wOHdmk wjia:d
mq,a flfr'
6'32 YajoHd, wdpdrhjreka i|yd Y%du jegqma l%uhla ykajd ug lghq;= lrkafkuq'

furg iy msgrg Wiia wOHdmkh ,eu i|yd kEu rcfha fiajlfhl=g iy

Tjqkaf.a orejkag remsh,a ,shkhl iyk fmd,S Kh l%uhla l%shd;aul lrkafkuq'
6'33 jD;a;Sh wOHdmk lafIa;%h ksis m%;slrKhlg ,lafldg foaYSh wjYH;d imqrd,kakla
fukau foaYSh wdodh ,nd.; yels mq,a fiajd lrudka;hla njg m;alsug wjYH
cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla ilia lrkafkuq' f yryd kj /lshd 50"000 la W;amdokh
lrkafkuq'
6'34 Yaj oHd, l:ldpdrhjreka i|yd mrfhaIK lsu i|yd ish myiql iys;
mrfhaIK wdh;khla (Research Institute) msysgqjkafkuq'
6'35 M,hS mrfhaIK m%dfhda.slj ls%hd;aul lsu i|yd tAjdg w< jk rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl
wdh;k j,g fhduqlrk w;r tu mrfhaIK i|yd f.ulao is lrkq ,ef'
6'36 je,s lrudka; lafIa;%hg w< Wiia wOHdmk wdh;khla kqjrt<sfha msysgqjkafkuq'
[ 38 ]
7'
fi!LH m%;sm;a;sh
zksoyia fi!LH ;=<ska kSfrda.Su;a iudchlaZ
7'1 2005 jifr mej;s Y%S ,xldj iu ieif 2015 jir jkg fi!LH lafIa;%fha
ish wxYj, lemSfmfkk jrOkhla w;am;a lr.ekSug wms iu;auq'
7'2 2005 jifr wjqre 73 la jQ Y%S ,xldf wdhq wfmalaIKh 2020 jkg wjqre 80 la
olajd je l< yels" <ore yd ud;D urK Wjrej,ska ;=rka jQ wdishdf w.%.KH
ksoyia fi!LH fiajd moaO;shla we;s lsug wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq'
7'3 Y%S ,xldf iEu ia;%slalhg u ish myiqlj,ska ims wx. imQrK frday,la
,ndfok w;r iEu m<d;lg u cd;Hka;r ugf iqms frday,la wms ,nd fokafkuq'
7'4 Y%S ,xldj mqrd is ;sfnk ish m%dfoaYSh yd .%dh frday,a rch ms<s.;a m%;slrKhlg
hg;aj m%;sixialrKh lrkafkuq'
7'5 rcfha frday,aj,g wu;rj fm!oa.,sl frday,a o rg mqrd jHdma; lsu i|yd cd;sl
ie,eiaulg wkqj wjYH wkq.%yh ,ndfokafkuq'
7'6 jl=.vq frda.Skaf.a fYaI wjYH;djla jk rerh msis lsf hka;% myiql iEu
frday,lgu ,nd fokakg lghq;= lrk w;r" widOH jl=.vq frda.shl= isk mjq,a
i|yd remsh,a 7"500 l udisl ffjoHdOdrhla ,nd fokafkuq'
7'7 wvq wdodh,dNSka" jeyshka iy ffoksl jegqmg fiajh lrkakka b,lal fldg.;a
kEu frday,la iska ms<s.kq ,nk cd;sl ugf rdcH wkq.%yh ,nk fi!LH yd
; rlaIK l%ufohla ia:dms; lrkafkuq'
7'8 rcfha yd fm!oa.,sl frday,aj, we;s ffjoH yd fyo mqrmamdvq .eg jir 5 la ;=<
uqukska u iu i|yd cd;sl jevms<sfj<la l%shd;aul lrkafkuq'
7'9 ud;D iy <ore fi!LH i;aldrl fiajdjka ;jrg;a hqKq lsu fukau jeys
i;aldrl fiajd fjkqfjka mjq,a fi!LH fialdjka 25"000 la n|jd .efka'
7'10 oekg mk;lg muKla iSud imQrKfhka u wlruKH j we;s cd;sl T!IO
m%;sm;a;sh wjYH m%;sixialrK iu l%shd;aul fldg ck;djg oeug is we;s wl
T!IO hou ieneka u wvq lrkakg lghq;= lrkafkuq'
[ 39 ]
7'11 2010 g fmr mej;s l=re hqoaOh iy foaYmd,ksl m%pKav Ndjfhka msreKq oYl
.Kkdjla fya;=fjka uyckhd uqyqK we;s udkisl mSvkld ;;a;ajh iukh lsu
i|yd udkisl fi!LH flfrys m%uqL wjOdkh fhduqfldg" ck;djf.a udkisl fi!LH
iq/lSu b,lal lr.;a jevms<sfj<la wms l%shd;aul lrkafkuq'
7'12 fYaI wjYH;d we;s wdnd; mqrjeishkaf.a myiqj i|yd ia;%sla ugfuka Tjqkag
wjYH ish myiqlj,ska imQrK m%;slrKhlg ,lajQ wdnd; iyk uOHia:dkhla
msysgqjkakg lghq;= lrkafkuq'
7'13 Y%S ,xldf foaYSh ffjoH l%uj, wkkH;djh /l .kska cd;Hka;r ms<s.ekSulg
,lajk m tu lafIa;%h hqKq lsug wjYH wkq.%yh iy m%;smdok ,ndfokafkuq'
7'14 fcHIAG mqrjeishka rcfha wkqu; ffjoHjrfhl=f.a ksrfoaY u; ,nd.kakd T!IO
i|yd fYaI jgula ,ndug l%ufohla ykajd fokafkuq'
7'15 wjqre 65 g je fcHIaG mqrjeishkag T!IO ,nd .ekSug uilg remsh,a 3"000 la
iy nrm;, Y,Hlruhla i|yd Wmuh remsh,a 500"000 la ,nd .; yels ffjoH
rlaIKhla rdcH wkq.%yfhka ykajd fokafkuq'
[ 40 ]
8'
mdil yd jk m%;sm;a;sh
z.yfld< o" i;=ka o" f yeu;a iqrlsuqZ
8'1
2005 jifr isg isjQ oejeka; ixjrOk l%shdj,sfha mir ys;jd m%;sm;a;s
m%uqL;djfhys,d i,lka wms mirh ukdj iqrlskafkuq'
8'2 jdhq" c," mdxY=" Yo iy oDIa hk zmxpO mir IKh j<lajk cd;sl m%;sm;a;shlaZ
ykajd fokafkuq'
8'3 wkd.; ixjrOk l%shdj,sfha ie,iq ieliSf i;d iSmdjdg;a mirhg;a whs;s
wjldYhkag ukdj .re lrka ieug u lghq;= lsug fmdfrdka fjuq'
8'4 Y%S ,xldj y; foaYhla f,i mj;ajd .ekSf wruqKska rf mj;sk ish jkdka;r
kq fldg" udhs i,l=Kq fldg kdYf ;rckhg uqyqK md isk iajdNdl
jkdka;r kej; m%;sIaGdmkh lrk w;r" rcfha yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha bv iqiq m
Wmfhda.S lrf.k kj jk j.d jevms<sfj<la h;a lrkakg lghq;= lrkafkuq'
8'5 mir wdrlaIKfha jkdlu wkd.; ore mrmqrg jgydu b,lal fldgf.k mir
wOHdmk Ih idudkH fm< Ih ksrfoaYhg ykajd ug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
8'6 wNhN+ iy uyd mudK jk kdYhkag fukau jki;aj ixydrhkag j.lsj hq;=
pQ;hka kS;h
s yuqjg muqKqjd oe o~qj ,ndug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
8'7 f,dalfha w;sruh fjr< ;Srhkaj, Wreuh ,eug Nd.H ,nd we;s wms" tajd u;= mrmqrg
odhdo lsu i|yd wjYH Yla;su;a fjr<drlaIl kS;s moaO;sh Yla;su;a lrkafkuq'
8'8 ck.yK jrOkh iy kd.lrKh iu ck;djg Yd, fi!LH ;rckhla
njg m;afjka we;s li<" im;la f,i myrKh l< yelsjk m cd;Hka;r
m%;slrKhlg hg;aj l<ukdlrKh lsug;a tu li< n,Yla;s ksIamdokh iy
fmdfydr ksIamdokh lsu i|yd fhdod .ekSug;a lghq;= lrkafkuq'
8'9 m%;shlska f;dr m<sfndaO kdYl iy ridhksl fmdfydr wdkhkh iy lsu
kj;ajk kS;s iu; lrk w;r" tu kS;s lvlrk mqoa.,hkag tfrysj oej kS;sh
l%shd;aul lrkafkuq'
8'10 wm rf mj;sk jr. lsf,dagr 65"610 l N+Nd.h b jir 500 i|yd ie,iq lsug
wms lghq;= lrkafkuq' tuska rf n,Yla;s" c," uxudj;a" f;dr;=re yd ikaksfok
cd,hka we;= ish moaO;Ska b wkd.;h i|yd ie,iq lr" th ish rchka iska
.re l< hq;= rdcH m%;sm;a;shla njg m;alrkafkuq'
8'11 rcfha fyda fm!oa.,sl wjYH;djlg lmd fy,kq ,nk iEu .ilg u kj .ia 2 la
iqiq ia:dkhl isgqu wksjdrh lrkafkuq'
[ 41 ]
9'
ixialD;sl" l,d iy ikaksfok lghq;= m%jrOk m%;sm;a;sh
zl,dfjka" ixialD;sfhka iy udOH ksoyfika Tmake=Kq ixf iudchlaZ
9'1 ;sia jirl l=re hqoaOfhka ;rckhg iy mydkshg ,lajQ il,O cd;Ska iy
wd.j,g wdfKsl ixialD;sl iy l,d Wreuhka kej; f.dvkexug lemS fmfkk
jevfldgila bgqlsug wms iu;auq'
9'2 l,d ksrudK yslsu .ekaug rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha odhl;ajfhka fmd,S
rys; fyda wvq fmd,S Kh uqo,la ,ndug fmdfrdka jk w;r" l,d ksrudKj, nqoauh
foam< whs;sh iq/lSu i|yd jk kj kS;s fr.=,dis ykajd ug;a tu whs;Ska iq/lSug
rdcH wkq.%yh hgf;a kS;s iyk fiajhla l%shd;aul lsug;a lghq;= lrkafkuq'
9'3 ixialD;sh iy l,djg <e u;= mrmqrla yslsu i|yd mdif,a isgu wfma jd
orejkaf.a idys;H iy l,d yelshdjka m%jrOkh lsu i|yd b,lal.; jevms<sfj<la
l%shd;aul lrkakg lghq;= lrkafkuq'
9'4 kdgH" iskudlrKh" ix.S;h iy ckikaksfokh hk Ihhka jer yeoEu i|yd
YajoHd, oHdh;k wrUkafkuq'
9'5 idm%odhsl l,djka" igka l%u iy wNdjhg hk l,d uQ,dY%hka wdrlaId lsug iy
m%jrOkh lsug hqfkiaflda jeks wka;rcd;sl wdh;k iu tla lghq;= lrkafkuq'
tfiau fuu idm%odhsl l,djka iy igka l%u kjf,djg Wreu lsf wNs,dIfhka
iy tajdg fjf<ofmd<la ilia lsf wruqKska ixpdrl jHdmdrh iu fjd noaO
lsug wjYH lghq;= i,ikafkuq'
9'6 kj l,d ksrudK yslsug;a" m%jrOkh lsug;a wjYH ish myiql iys; l,d
ixlSrK iEu ia;%slalhla u b,lal lrka msysgqug wms lghq;= lrkafkuq'
9'7 udOH ksoyi" iudchl b m%.ukhg w;HjYH idOlhla fldg wms i,lkafkuq'
jr;udk Y%S ,xldf fndfyda iajdk mdrYajhka b,a,d isk wdldrhg ish udOH
i|yd wdpdr Oru moaO;shla ykajd u i|yd wjYH rdcH wkq.%yh ,ndug wem
lemjkafkuq' rdcH udOHhka o tu wdpdr Oru moaO;sh wkqj fufyh jkafkuq'
9'8 udOHfkaf.a jD;a;ShuhNdjh ;yjqre lrka Tjqka ms<s.;a jD;a;slhka msila
njg m;alsu i|yd wjYH wOHdmksl yd ffk;sl miqu ksrudKh lsug lghq;=
lrkafkuq'
[ 42 ]
9'9 m%dfoaYSh udOHfka uqyqK fok m%dfhda.sl jD;a;Sh .eg ksrdlrKh lr .ekSu
i|yd uey;ajk w;r" Tjqkag wjYH jD;a;Sh fuj, ,nd.ekSu i|yd fmd,S rys;
Kh rdcH nexl= yryd ,nd fokafkuq'
9'10 l,dlrejka fjkqfjka wm iska l%shd;aul l< jr;udk rch iska k;r lr oud
we;s fmd,S rys; jdyk Kh remsh,a 1"500"000$- olajd je lr ;Sre n iyk hgf;a
kej; l%shd;aul lrkafkuq'
9'11 l,dlrejka iy udOHfka i|yd rdcH wkq.%yh u; msysgqjkq ,enQ Y%du jegqma
l%uhla iy ffjoH rlaIKdjrKhla ,ndug wms lghq;= lrkafkuq'
9'12 cd;Hka;r ugf iskud iudk Wf<,la jdrIslj rdcH wkq.%yfhka meje;aug
lghq;= lrkafkuq'
[ 43 ]
10' l%Svd iy ;reK lghq;= m%;sm;a;sh

zl%shdYS,S" kSfrda.S iy fm!reI;ajfhka hq;= ;reK mrmqrlaZ
10'1 kQ foaYh iq/lSf j.lSu;a" wms Wodlrk ;sridr ixjrOkfha mQrK m%;s,dN ,ef
whs;sh;a we;af;a ;reK mrmqrg nj wms ;ka u Yajdi lrkafkuq'
10'2 r>dhqI we;s l%shdYS,S ;reK mrmqrla yslsu i|yd wemlem fjka l%Svdjg
wka;rcd;sl ch.%yK /ila tlalr ,ndfoka tod l< Yd, fufyh wkd.;fha
Bg;a jvd fydka bgqlrk njg wms iy;sl fjuq'
10'3 ;reK" ;reKshkag kj /lshd wjia:d ,ndu iy Tjqkaj M,odhS f,i Y%u n,ldhg
odhllr .ekSf wruqKska wjqre 20-25 w;r jhia iSudf ;reK" ;reKshka i|yd
rf uq /lshd wjia:dj,ska wju jYfhka 10]la j;a mj;ajd .ekSu m%uqL lghq;a;la
nj wms Yajdi lruq' fuu /lshd wjia:d m%udKh ,ndug fm!oa.,sl wxYh .kajk
w;r ta i|yd rdcH wxYfhka wdorYhla imhkakg lghq;= lrkafkuq'
10'4 kj rch n,hg m;a udi yhla ;=< rdcH wxYfha /lshd 60"000 la ;reK mrmqr
fjkqfjka ,nd fokafkuq'
10'5 ;reK jHjidhlhska" wdfhdaclhka iy kj ksmehqlrejka i|yd rdcH wkq.%yfhka
mjHdma; mqyqKq jevigyka wrUkafkuq' rf ixjrOkh i|yd ;reK ;reKshkaf.a
ienE odhl;ajhla ,nd.ekSf wruqKska Tjqkaf.a kjH woyia Wlyd .ekSf
l%ufohla mdi,a" Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k iy jev yryd ilia lrkafkuq'
10'6 iEu orefjl= u l%Svdjg wdlrIKh lsu i|yd Y%S ,xldf iEu mdi,lg u m%;shlska
hq;a l%Svdx.Khla ,ndug lghq;= lruq' tfiau iEu ia;%slalhlg u wx. imQrK l%Svd
mshla" .Dyia: l%Svdx.Khla yd msyskq ;gdlhla ,ndug wms lghq;= lrkafkuq'
10'7 iEu l%Svdjla i|yd u l%Svd fYaI{hska yslsf wruqK fmroej l%Svd Ihhka Wmd
ugu olajd wOHhkh lrkakg myiql imhuq' f;dard.;a l%Svdj,ska cd;Hka;r
ugf l%Svlhka yslsug wjYH m%;smdok ,nd cd;Hka;r ugf l%Svd mqyqKq
mdi,a wdrN fldg rdcH wkq.%yh hgf;a mj;ajdf.k hdug;a lghq;= lrkafkuq'
10'8 cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla ;=< ykd.;a l%Svd /ila jD;a;Sh ugug hqKq fldg l%Svdjg
fYaI l=i,;d olajk ;reK ;reKshkag l%Svdj /lshdjla njg m;alr .ekSf
wjia:dj Wodlr fokafkuq'
[ 44 ]
10'9 jHdhdu iy l%Svd lghq;=j, kshq;= kSfrda.S imkak ;reK msila yslsug wjYH
m%uqL;djhla fldg i,ld iEu m%dfoaYSh fldGdihlgu Ydl iqj;d uOHia:dkhla
,nd fokafkuq'
10'10 kj f,dj iauhka oelSug wjia:dj ,ndfoka ia;%sla ugfuka f;dard.kakd ,o
O olaI;dj,ska hq;= ;reK ;reKshka 500 lg jirlg f,dj hqKq rgl fm!reI
jrOk pdldjla ne.ska ,ndug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
10'11 u;al=vq" u;ajH Wjr iyuq,ska u ;=rka lsug cd;Hka;rh iu taldnoaOj mq,a
wdrlaIs; jevms<sfj<la l%shd;aul lrk w;r" u;al=vq" u;ajH fjf<odug iDcqj fyda
jl%j inkaOl we;s pQ;hskag mj;sk kS;s rduqj ;=< Wmu o~qj ,ndug lghq;=
lrkafkuq'
10'12 wvq wdh,dNS mjq,aj, w;ska jdy jk ;reK ;rehka i|yd remsh,a 200"000 l
fmd,S rys; hq. ;s<sK iyk Kh l%uh jydu l%shd;aul lrkafkuq'
10'13 iEu ;reKfhl=g yd ;rehlg u ;u m%:u jdykh , .ekSf rdcH nexl=
yryd iyk fmd,shlg Khla ,nd .; yels l%ufohla ilia lrkafkuq'
10'14 iEu ksjilg u fn%danEka (Broadband) myiql ,nd ;reK ;rehkag
Tka,hska fjf<|fmd< (Online Market) ykajdu' g iu.dj /lshd rys; ;reK
;rehkag ;dlaIK mqyqKqj ,ndfok w;r tuska remsh,a 30"000 isg 100"000 olajd
udisl wdhula ,nd .; yels jk mQrKld,Sk yd wrOld,Sk /lshd we;s lrkafkuq'
jir 3 la ;=< ,shkhlg /lshd wjia:d f uska we;slrkq ,ef'
[ 45 ]
11' ldka;d yd <ud m%;sm;a;sh

z,shhs" ore le,hs - oefha jkd,shhsZ
11'1 jrI 2005 isg ldka;d iy <ud whs;sjdisl iq/lSug;a ldka;djkaf.a w;g
irelsug;a" jHmdr wjia:d mq,a lsug;a wod<j jeo.;a mshjr /ila .ekSug wms
iu;auq'
11'2 Y%S ,xldf wdr:l iy ixialD;sl l%shdj,sh ;=< ldka;djf.a f.!rjh wdrlaId lrka
Tjqkag iu;eka ,efnk m wms lghq;= lrkafkuq'
11'3 hqO h rel<d fiau ojfia meh 24 mqrd ldka;djkag fhka iy ielfhka f;drj rf
kEu ;ekl .uka l< yels wdrlaIs; mirhla we;s lsug wms lghq;= lrkafkuq'
11'4 iEu orefjl=g u w'fmd'i' idudkH fm< olajd wOHdmk myiql ,ndu wksjdrh
flfrk w;r" wOHdmkh ,eug uQ,H myiql fkdue;s orejka i|yd rcfha fYaI
YsIH;aj l%uhla ykajd ug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
11'5 uj" mshd fyda fofokd u frda.d;=r fyda wysj isk mjq,a iy fYaI wjYH;d we;s
orejka isk mjq,a i|yd orejkaf.a wOHdmk yd iqnidOk lghq;= fjkqfjka Wmuh
remsh,a 5"000 la jQ fYaI wdOdr uqo,la udislj m%kh lrkafkuq'
11'6 ieu ia;%slalhla u ksfhdackh jk m iajhx /lshd wdrN lrkakg fjr ork
ldka;djka 50"000 lg jHdmdr oekqu" mqyqKqj iy remsh,a 50"000 olajd fmd,S rys;j o
remsh,a 50"000 isg ,laI 2 olajd iyk fmd,shlg o Kh ,ndug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
11'7 iEu m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdihlg u m%;slrKhg ,lajQ jd iq/l= uOHia:dkhla
,nd fokafkuq'
11'8 .eKs ud;djka iy <ska i|yd oekg msysgqjd we;s ud;D iy <ud idhk cd;sl
m%;slrKhlg ,lafldg wx. imQrK iy kk tajd njg m;alrk w;r" fkdlvjd
idhkj,g mefKk .eKs ujrekaf.a ore m%iQ;sfhka miq orejd yodjvd .ekSug
wjYH uQ,sl jH ^WKqj;=r fnda;,a" kems" ;=jd" inka wdh& uq,a udi 6 ;=< fkdf,a
,nd fokafkuq'
[ 46 ]
11'9 <ud fmdaIKh jehqKq lsu i|yd uls ,ndu .ekaug;a" .rN ldka;djkag
yd ujrekag ls" ;a;r" t<j" m,;=re yd ;%sfmdaI ,ndf fYaI jevms<sfj<la
mjq,a fi!LH fiajh uska l%shd;aul lsu yd wvq wdh,dNS .e ujrekag
remsh,a 1"500 l udisl ukdjla ,nd fokafkuq'
11'10 ;%sO yuq iy fmd,sia fiajdj,g wh;a mjq,aj, ;=kajk orejd fjkqfjka mskukq
,nk remsh,a ,laIfha ukdj ,laI fol olajd je flfr'
11'11 foaY.; ldka;d Y%lhka i|yd Wmu jegqmla" Wmu myiql iy wdrlaIdj iy;sl
lsf jevms<sfj<la ;dkdm;s ldrhd, yryd l%shd;aul lsug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
11'12 .Dyia: ysxikhg ,lajQ iy foudmshka h.sh fyda lalido jQ orejkag rdcH wkq.%yh
iys; cd;sl m%;slrKhg ,lajQ fkajdisld.dr myiql ,ndug lghq;= lrkafkuq'
11'13 ia;%S IK iy <ud wmfhdack kvq lghq;= lk lsu i|yd m%uqL;ajhla ,ndfok
w;r fpdaokdj,g jerlrejka jk pQ;hkag blaukska ovqj l%shd;aul lsug wjYH
kS;s m%;smdok ilia lrkafkuq'
11'14 ;sia jirl hqoaOh ksid ; wys jQ rKrejkaf.a jekaoUqjkag ;u jfkdamdh
i,id .ekSu i|yd /lshd fyda .Dyia: jHdmdr wdrN lsf wjia:d ie,iSug lghq;=
lrkafkuq'
11'15 fnjd ;%ia;jdoh iy 87" 88" 89 NSIK iuh ksid mshd wys jQ orejkaf.a /ljrKh
i|yd;a urKh iy ild,sl wdnd; ;;a;ajhka fya;=fjka m%Odk jfkdamdh wysjQ
mjq,a i|yd;a udislj remsh,a 5"000 l ukdjla m%kh flfr'
[ 47 ]
12' wdfhdack yd h;, myiql m%jrOk m%;sm;a;sh

zfoaYhls f.dvkef.k" fyg kfh f,dj kkZ
12'1 Y%S ,xld b;sydifha fmr fkdjQ rE ;r rf iEu m%foaYhla u wdjrKh jk moafoka
w;s oejeka; h;, myiql ixjrOkhla miq.sh jir lSmfha isjQ nj wms mjikafka
uy;a wNsudkfhks'
12'2 hqoaOh wjika lsfuka b;du fl ld,hla ;=< fld<U k.rh ol=Kq wdishdf
w,xldr u iy msis u jdc k.rhla njg;a" Y%S chjrOkmqr fldaf oel=l
yd l%udkql+, mmd,k k.rhla njg;a m;al<dla fuka Y%S ,xldf ia;%slal 22 u
wdjrKh jk m l=vd k.r 500 la w,xldr" wx. imQrK k.r njg ixjrOkh
lrkafkuq'
12'3 h;, myiql ixjrOkfha uE;ld,Sk w;aoelS fhdod.kska Y%S ,xldj 2020 jk
g ol=Kq wdishdf iqms;u iy kk;u h;, myiql ys rg njg m;alrk njg
wms iy;sl fjuq'
12'4 mj;sk rch iska b;d u wrorYS f,i | oud we;s foaY wdfhdaclhskaf.a
YajdikShNdjh kej;;a f.dvke.sh yels cd;Hka;r iu;hkag wkql+, wdfhdack
m%;sm;a;shla ykajdug wms lghq;= lrkafkuq'
12'5 b jir my ;=< fld<U isg uykqjr yryd W;=fr hdmd mgqk olajd fjk zW;=re
wf.S udr.hZ W;=r - ol=K hdlrka f.dvk.kafkuq'
12'6 hdmkfha k,ar lkaoid foajd,h" ;%sl=Kdu,fha fldafkaYajrka foajd,h" y,dj;
uqkafkaYajr foajd,h iy fokqjr Wmq,ajka foajd,h hk isfldka foajd, jkaokdjg
myiqfjka hdyels m l;r.u h udr.h ;%sl=Kdu,h olajd .= lrkafkuq'
12'7 Tf ksjfia isg meh 6 lg wvq ld,hl Y%S ,xldf kE u ;eklg hd yels jk m
ish m%Odk k.r hd lrk hqKq uydudr. moaO;shla ilia lrkafkuq'
12'8 u;a;, .=jkaf;dgqm< yryd kef.kysrg inkaO jk wf.S udr.h Tiafia ixpdrl
wdlrIKh kd we;s kef.kysr yd ol=Kq ixpdrl l,dmj,g myiqfjka <dh yels
m u;a;, cd;Hka;r .=jkaf;dgqm< iy ynkaf;dg jrdh wdY%s; j cd;Hka;r
ugf fkdaiajdo WoHdkhla îaks,ka;h jeks& ie,iq lrkafkuq'
[ 48 ]
12'9 ixpdrl jHdmdrh m%jrOkh lsu i|yd wNHka;r .ukd.uk myiql ixjrOkh
lsu wruqKq lr .kska l=vd .=jka hdkd ^Sea Plane& c,h u; f.dvneiaf ce
,xldj mqrd f;dard.;a c,dY yd l,mq wdY%s;j b lrkafkuq'
12'10 2020 jk g Y%S ,xldf iEu k.rhla u tys wkkH;djh iq/flk wdldrhg
ixjrOkh fldg iuia; Y%S ,xldj u mir ys;ld" msis" oel=l" wx. imQrK
k.rj,g m%isoaO rgla njg m;alrkafkuq'
12'11 Y%S ,xldf we;s iEu l=vd k.rhlg u ixjrOk ie,eiaula b jir 5 ;=< l%shd;aul
fldg tajd wx. imQrK k.r njg m;alsug iu.dj jhsfka iEu kd.l
m%foaYhlu mmd,k f.dvke.s,s" fydag,a" ksjdi jHdmD;s" kd.l WoHdk" fkdao
lghq;=" k.r w,xlrK jHdmD;s fyda Y% ixjrOk lghq;=j,ska hq;a mir ys;ld
iy j;aug iqiq ienEu k.r njg m;alruq'
12'12 Y%S ,xldf iEu .ula u wdjrKh jk m ish mxlrejkag myiqfjka <dh
yels rlska mmd,k" fi!LH iy wdr:l fiajd uOHia:dk we;s lsug wms lghq;=
lrkafkuq' iEu .ula iy k.rhla u wdjrKh jk m ,sh" c,h" uxudj;a iy
c, niakd c,dmjyk l%u iys; wx. imQrK uQ,sl wjYH;d moaO;Ska ieliSug wms
mshjr .kafkuq'
12'13 ,xldf iEu ksjilg u jir 2 la ;=< k, c,h ,nd fYaIfhka u kg msis
mdkSh c,h fkdue;s mjq,a is ,laIhlg iyk i,ikafkuq' jl=.vq frda.h nyq,
W;=reueo m<d; jeks m%foaYj, ck;djg lkka msis mdkSh c,h ,ndu fuys
m%uqL;djh .kq we;'
12'14 foaYmd,k jdis Wfoid l,ska l,g fjkia lrkq ,nk kd.l m%foaYj, ml
fldf fjf<|d lsug wjir fkdug;a ta i|yd oekg blr we;s ia:dkhka
jvd;a myiql iys;j mq,a lsug;a lghq;= lrkafkuq'
12'15 wf.S udr.j,g inkaOjk m ksoyia fjf<| l,dm 12 la ia:dms; lrkafkuq'
12'16 fuu w;s oejeka; h;, myiql ixjrOkh iy foaYSh wdfhdack ;=<ska f.dvkef.k
wdr:lfha m%;s,dN ugf uyck;dj fj;;a l=vd yd uOH mudK jHdmdlhd
fj;;a .,d hk m mq,a wdr:l moaO;shla f.dvke.Sug wms lghq;= lrkafkuq'
[ 49 ]
12'17 kg kd.lj mj;sk wl jdyk ;onoh wju lsu rcfha m%uqL j.lS f,i i,ld
tA i|yd wjYH uQf,damdhsl l%ufohka ykajd ug;a udr. ixjrOk lghq;= lk
lsug;a wjYH mshjrhka .kq ,ef'
12'18 jr;udkfha ldrhd,hSh iy wfkl=;a fm!oa.,sl m%jdyk lghq;=j, ksr; jkakd
jQ u.Skag b;d u myiqfjka" wvq ld,hlska iy udkisl wd;;shlska f;drj .uka
uka hdug wjia:dj Wodlr u m%uqL;d ldrhhla f,i wms i,lkafkuq' tu wruqK
we;sj wmf.a rch iska u;aj ie,iq l< wf.S ;ks fma<s .%dh udr. iy
iqfLdamfNda.S nia fiajd we;= w;s kk" kEu hqKq rglg iu l< yels ugf
b;d hqKq m%jdyk moaO;shla b;du blaukska f.dvk.kafkuq'
12'19 miq.sh jir 10 ;=< uydudr." h udr. ixjrOkh lrka kk myiql we;s
niakej;=fmd< iy hfmd< Yd, m%udKhla blrka l< jevms<sfj< ;jrg;a
bhg f.k hkafkuq' wdnd;hka" .e ujreka iy <orejka iu .uka lrk
ujreka i|yd jQ fld.dr iEu m%Odk niakej;=fmd<lu iy h ia:dkhlu
we;s lrkafkuq'
12'20 kg we;s ueksx t<j f;d. fjf<|fmd< mj;akd N+h Nd;d lrka" msgfldgqj
uOHu iy fm!oa.,sl niakej;=fmd<" fldgqj h ia:dkh yd taldnoaO lr" fjf<|
l=" nexl= YdLd" fld.dr" wdmkYd,d jeks myiqlj,ska iuka; cd;Hka;r
ugf u.S mrhka;hla njg m;alrkafkuq'
[ 50 ]
foaYmd,k m%;sixialrK
1'
f.!rjkSh foaYmd,khla
1978 tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh iska rgg ykajd ka kj ue;sjrK l%uh yd or|~q
Odhl ckdm;s l%uh ksid foaYmd,k lafI;%fha oreKq lvd jeula isjQ nj rgu
ms<s.;a ldrKhls' fuu ;;a;ajh fjkia lsu furka ;%ia;jdoh ;=rka lsfuka
wk;=rej wm iska .;hq;= mshjrla jQ lk ixjrOk b,lal idlaId;a lr.ekSug
rE W;aidyh ;=< wm yg tu lghq;a; w; miq jQ nj ksy;udkSj ms<s.kafkuq'
tfukau tu ;;a;ajh ksjer lsu Wfoid wm mlaIh miq.sh udi yh ;=< Okd;aul
mshjrhka ;=<ska wem lem jQ nj isysm;a lsug leue;af;uq'
foaYmd,k lafIa;%h f.!rjkSh ;;a;ajhg f.k tau mshjr ;=kla uska ish
hq;af;ah
m<uq mshjr - Odhl ckdm;s Oqrfha n,;, ixfYdaOkh lsuhs' Odhl n,;,
mdr,sfka;=j wj;lafiare lrk ugulg my< jefuka foaYmd,k{hka tfyhshka
;;a;ajhlg m;ajk neka bka rg uqojd.ekSf wjYH;djh ;ka u;= ;s' tu
;;a;ajh ksjer lr.ekSu wm mlaIh uska wkjYH f,i m%udojQ nj wms ms<s.kafkuq'
tuksid tu ;;a;ajh fjkia lsu i|yd ckdm;s;=ud iska rE m%h;akh idr:l
lr.ekSu Wfoid wms wIaGdk f,i hl jQfjuq' tfy;a ck;dj ka wkque;shg
mndysrj hka tu m%h;akfhka whq;= m%fhdack .ekSug tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh fjr
rE nj meye,sh' tys ckdm;s OQrh whq;= f,i rj, lr" tu n,;, w.ue;sjrhd
fj; mjrdf.k" rg wia:djr ;;a;ajhlg f.k taug rE m%h;akh mrdchg m;alr
Odhl ckdm;s OQrh i;= wkjYH n,;, muKla isud lsug wms fmruqK f.k
lghq;= lf<uq'
fojk mshjr - foaYmd,k lafIa;%h f.!rjkSh ;;a;ajhlg f.k taug w;HdjYH jQ

fojk m%Odk wx.h jkafka mdr,sfka;=jg hym;a ksfhda;hka f.k taug yelsjk
m ue;sjrK l%uh ixfYdaOkh lsuhs' ta i|yd kj mdr,sfka;=j rE m%h;akhg
kdhl;ajh ug wm ikaOdkh fmruqK .;a w;r tu m%h;akh tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh
iska lvdlmam,a lrkq ,eh' ta wkqj < uy ue;sjrKfhka miq 20 jk wdKavq
l%u jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh uska ue;sjrK l%uh ixfYdaOkh lr Bg wkqrEm ue;sjrK
mk;la iu; lrk w;r Pkao m%foaY iSud udhs ksrKh lsug lghq;= flfr'
[ 51 ]
ue;sjrKhg bm;a jk wfmalaIlhka i|yd my; i|yka wx.j,ska iuka;

ksrKdhl we;=<;a kj ue;sjrK mk; mdr,sfka;=f udi 3 la we;=<; iu;
lrkafkuq'
1' wmrdO jrola i|yd isr|~qjulg ,la jQ fyda w;aysg jQ ysr o`vqjulg ,la jQfjl=
fyda fkdh hq;=h'
2' w,a,ia yd IK ms<sn| fpdaokdjlg jrolre fkdjQjl= h hq;=h'
3' u;ajH" u;ameka" iQ" leisfkda" .ld uv we;= ipdr frda lrudka;hkays
fhfokakka yg ue;sjrKj,g ;r lsug fkdyels h hq;=h'
4' mirh jekiSug fyda foaYmd,k n,h whq;= f,i Nd;d lrkakg fyda rgg
w.;s.d uQ,H .siqj,g meug inkaO jQ whg fyda ue;sjrKj,g ;r
lsu fkdyels h hq;=h'
5' ue;sjrKhg fmr ish wfmalaIlhska ish j;al m%ldYhg m;al< hq;= w;r
ue;sjrK jHdmdr i|yd uqo,a ckkh lrk wdldrh;a ho islrk wdldrh;a
ms<sn| iSudjka mekh hq;= jk w;r Bg w< meye,s m%ldYhka ue;sjrKhg fmr
yd miq wfmalaIlhka iska bm;a l< hq;=h'
f;jk mshjr - jr;udk Y%S ,xldf foaYmd,k lafI;%fha msySu wdmsg yeru i|yd
w;HdjYH f;jk idOlh k mlaI wNHka;rfha m%cd;ka;%jdoh ia:dms; lsuhs'
kg Y%S ,xldf we;s m%cd;ka;%jdohg w< m%Odku m%Yakhla jkafka mlaI ;=<
m%cd;ka;%jd ixOdk jHqyhla fkdue;s uhs' tu ksid < uy ue;sjrKfhka miq
udi ;=kla we;=<; bm;a lrk ue;sjrK mk;g mlaI ;=< wju m%cd;ka;%jdoh
;yjqre lsug w< fldkafoais ud,djla we;=<;a f' tys mlaIj, idudlhkag yd
ls%hdldlhkag tu mlaIj, ;SrK .ekSf jHqyhg Rcqj inkaOug we;s whs;sh
;yjqre lsu w;HdjYH fldkafoaishla njg m;aflfr' tu ;SrK .ekSf uKav,
jHjia:dkql+,j /ia fkdjkafka k tu mlaIj, ,shdmxh ue;sjrK fldiu iska
wfydais lsug w< Odk o we;=<;a l< hq;=f' tu ;SrK .ekSf uKav,j,
ixhq;sh i|yd we;s ksrKdhl o bm;a l< hq;= w;r" tys ;reKhkag yd ldka;djkag
ksis bv m%ia:d ;sh hq;= jk w;r ienE iqiqlj,g wjia:dj ,nd h hq;=h'
mdr,sfka;=j ;=< n,hg m;aj wdKavqj msysgqjk mlaIj,g ;uka lek uKav,fha
rg fjkqfjka .kakd ish foaYmd,k ;SrKj,g tu mlaIj, m%Odk ;SrK .kakd
uKav,j, wkque;sh ,e ;sh hq;=h' ula ksido h;a tu mlaI n,hg m;a lsug tu
[ 52 ]
mlaI wem lem j jev lrk kuq n,hg m;afuka miq ;SrK .ekSf whs;sh tu
mlaIfha weu;s uKav,fha idudlhkag muKla ysu jr;udk foaYmd,k im%h
njg m;a we;s ksidh'
2'
ck;d fiajhg lemjQ ldrhlaIu msis rdcH fiajhla
miq.sh tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdk rdcH md,k iuh ;=< jeka; lk h;,
myiql ixjrOk l%shduhla isjQ nj fkdryils' tuska rg mqrd iqYd, h;,
myiql ixjrOkhla ish' fuu f.j;a ixjrOk l%shduh idlaId;a lsu Wfoid
wkq.ukh l< Wml%uj, wvq yq`vql we;s njg fpkhla h' fndfyda g ksroh
f,i yd w;sYfhdala;sfhka bm;a jQ fpkhkag i;H f;dr;=re wdY%s;j meye,s
ms<s;=re ,ndf fukau wvqmdvq ilid .ekSf jQ m%udohkaj, wjika m%;sM,h jQfha
tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdkfha ckdm;s OQr wfmalaIl .re uyskao rdcmlaI uy;d
2015 ckjd ui mej;s ckdm;sjrKfhka mrdchg m;auhs' tmuKla fkdj bkamiq
rgg uqyqK ug isjQfha b;du fYdapkSh ;;a;ajhlgh' miq.sh udi yh ;=< h;a jQ
k ishfha jevms<sfj<g kdhl;ajh ka tlai;a cd;sl mlaIhg tfrysj jxpd" IK
yd wldrhlaIu;djh ms<sn| nrm;, fpdaokd b;d oreKq f,i b;a h'
fujka jgmsgdjla ;=< rdcH fiajfha ldrhlaIu;djh jehqKq jk yd jvd;a kso

fmfkkiq ;SrK .ekSf l%ufohla rg ;=< ia:dms; lsu w;HdjYH lreKla
we;' tu wNsfhda.h ndr .ekSug Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh m%uqL tlai;a ck;d ksoyia
ikaOdkh fia wIaGdk lrf.k is' fuu kj l%ufoh ia:dms; lsu mshjr
lsysmhlska is lrkq ,ef'
m<uq mshjr - iajdk fldIka iNd ia:dmkh lsu'
rdcH fiajh foaYmd,k wes,s .eiSj,ska uqojd .ekSu Wfoid iajdk fldIka
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[ 53 ]
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[ 54 ]
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[ 55 ]
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[ 56 ]

අනාගතයට සහතිකයක්

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අනාගතයට සහතිකයක්

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