Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contemporary
Theories
Bronfenbrenner’s Erikson’s
Ecological Life-Span
Theory Development Theory
Bronfenbrenner’s
theory focuses on
the social contexts
in which people live
and the people
who influence their
development.
Chronosystem: The
sociohistorical conditions of a
student’s development.
Development
proceeds in stages
Each stage is
characterized by a
psychosocial
challenge or crisis
Stages reflect the
motivation of the
individual
Initiative
Encourage social play
Have children assume responsibility
Structure assignments for success
Industry
Nourish motivation for mastery
Be tolerant of honest mistakes
Identity
Recognize that identity is multidimensional
Encourage independent thinking
Stimulate students to examine different
perspectives
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Social Contexts and
Socioemotional Development
Social Contexts
of Development
Indulgent Authoritative
Parents are highly Parents are nurturing and
involved but set few supportive, yet set limits.
restrictions. Children have Children are self-reliant, get
poor self-control. along with peers, and have
high self-esteem.
Minority students
Families tend to be larger; depend more
on the extended family for support
Single parents are more common
Less educated; lower income
Low-income parents
Tend to value external characteristics
such as obedience and neatness
See education as the teachers’ job
Middle-class families
Often place high value on internal
characteristics such as self-control
and delayed gratification
See education as a mutual responsibility
Coordinate community
collaboration
Popular Rejected
Frequently Seldom
nominated as “best
best friend; friend”;
rarely disliked often actively
by peers Neglected disliked by
Infrequently peers
“best
friend”;
not disliked
by peers
Average Controversial
Receive both Frequently
positive and “best friend”;
negative peer often disliked
nominations by peers
Quality of
Friendships
Affect
Outcomes
Socioemotional
Development
Justice
perspective focuses
on rights of individuals
Care perspective
emphasizes
relationships and
concern for others
Reassure children
Encourage talk
Protect from re-exposure to stress
Help make sense