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Design Requirements:
1)
2) Volume of the tank
3) Height and diameter of the tank
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
4) Working pressure
5) Shell thickness
6) Head thickness
7) Depth of the head
8) Volume of the head
9) Surface area of the head
10) Bottom thickness
Design Calculations:
The density and the mass of the water are as follows:
ρH2O=1000 kg/m3
mH2O=2952.77 kg H2O
Therefore the volume of the tank is,
VH2O=2952.77 kg H2O1000 kg/m3
VH2O=2.95 m3
Basis: per batch of operation
1) Volume of the tank
Calculating for the volume of water in the tank and assuming 20% allowance
as safety factor,
Vtank=VH2O(1.20)
Vtank=3.54 m3
Use 3.60 m3 water storage tank.
2) Height and diameter
To compute for the standard ration of the water storage, assume H=4/3 D,
Vtank=π4D2H
But, H=4/3 D
Therefore, the diameter and height of the tank are:
Vtank=π3D3
3.54=π3D3
D=1.50 m 4.92 ft;H=2.00 m (6.57 ft)
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
R=0.07
For the value of W, from table 4-3, p.87, PED
W=1.80
With S = 3250 psi, as calculated previously, the value of the head thickness,
using the equation 4-6 of PED,
th=PLW2Se
th=0.32 in ≈8.18 mm
Use 9 mm as head thickness.
9) Bottom thickness:
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
This tank is selected to store and supply the sodium hydroxide needed
in the alkaline sorbing (degumming) process.
Design Considerations:
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
4) Material of construction
5) Quantity of material moved per unit time
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Design Requirements:
1)
2) Volume of the tank
3) Height and diameter of the tank
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
4) Working pressure
5) Shell thickness
6) Head thickness
7) Depth of the head
8) Volume of the head
9) Surface area of the head
10) Bottom thickness
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Design Calculations:
The density and the mass of the sodium hydroxide are as follows:
ρNaOH=(2100kgm3)
mNaOH=93.60 kg
Therefore the volume of the tank is,
VNaOH=93.60 kg 2100 kg/m3
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
VNaOH=0.04 m3
Basis: five days of operation (15 batches)
1) Volume of the tank
Calculating for the volume of water in the tank and assuming 20% allowance
as safety factor,
Vtank=VNaOH1.2(15 batches )
Vtank=0.79 m3
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
0.79=π3D3
D=0.91 m 2.99 ft;H=1.21 m (3.98 ft)
Use 1.0 m and 1.30 m for the diameter and height of the storage tank,
respectively.
3) Working pressure
Ptotal=Poptimum+Hρ
Since the tank is not vented, Poptimum= 14.7, and H=1.21 m ( 3.98 ft)
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Therefore,
Ptotal=14.7+3.98ftft2144 in2130.92 lbsft3
Ptotal=18.32 psi
Use 19 psi as working pressure.
Plate Design:
4.) Shell thickness
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
For shell thickness, use Eqn. 4-3, Process Equipment Design by Hesse and
Rushton, p. 85,
ts=PD+C2Se-P
Where:
S = ultimate tensile strength
P = maximum allowable working pressure
D = diameter
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Fa = radiograph factor
Fr = stress relieving factor
Fs = ultimate strength factor
Fm = material factor
Thus,
Su = 9000 psi (for Stainless steel type 304, Timmerhaus)
Fs = 25% (Table 4-2, PED, p.84)
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
ts=0.18 in ≈4.66 mm
Use 5 mm shell thickness of the tank.
5.) Head thickness:
For thickness of head:
A standard dished head was chosen for simplicity and availability
th=Plw2Se
Refer to Eqn. 4-6, p.86, PED
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
kr=2.17 in
Calculating the ratio, R = kr/L
R=0.07
For the value of W, from table 4-3, p.87, PED
W=1.80
With S = 2250 psi, as calculated previously, the value of the head thickness,
using the equation 4-6 of PED,
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
th=PLW2Se
th=0.27 in ≈6.95 mm
Use 7 mm as head thickness.
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
h=29.88-(29.88)2-35.8824
h=5.99 in ≈0.15m
Use 0.2 m as the head depth of the tank.
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
A=6.28 hL
A=1124.00 in2=0.73m2
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
4) Bottom thickness:
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
place. Belts are made of canvas, reinforced rubber or balata and strip steel.
Strip steel is employed for conveying materials through furnaces. Belt
conveyors are adapted to wide varieties and quantities of materials; require
relatively low power and can transport solids for a long distance. The width
of the belt varies from 14 to 16 in, and the number of idlers varies
correspondingly. This spacing ranges from about 5 feet for narrow belts
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
down to 3 feet for the widest belts. This conveyor is designed with a built-in
spray washer.
Design Selection:
The belt conveyor is selected to transport the water hyacinth stalks to
the pressing equipment. It is designed with built – in spray washer to wash
the stalks at the same time they are being conveyed.
Design Considerations:
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
2) Normal speed range of belt conveyor is between 200 to 400 ft/min (from Unit
Operations by Brown, p. 55)
3) Ratio of feed to wash water is 1:2
4) The belt width is 36 in (3 ft) (from Perry’s Chemical Engineering Handbook
section 21-10
5) The spray washer has 9 nozzles
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
6) The lump size of feed is 18 in for 36 in width belt conveyor (Unit Operations
by Brown, p. 58)
7) The safety factor for belt conveyor is 15 % (Timmerhaus, p. 36)
Design Requirements:
1) Capacity of spray nozzles
2) Capacity of belt conveyor
3) Power requirement
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Design Computations:
From material balance:
Inlet capacity is 968.80 kg/batch of water hyacinth stalks
1) Capacity of spray nozzle:
V=MD
Where: M= mass of water
D = density of water
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Computing for W,
From table 16, Unit Operations by Brown, p.58
Approximate weight of belt conveyors = 1.0 lb/in of width per running
foot
W=1lbin-ft36 in(2 runs)
W=72lbsft
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Assuming L = 30 ft, since the length of the conveyor should be greater than
the length of the spray washer,
Hp=0.0530ft+1000.15tonhr+0.0372lbsft200 ftmin +(0)0.15990
Hp=2.84 hp
Use 3 Hp since it is commercially available.
Spinning of Alkaline Sorbed Fibers from Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Stalks and
Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for the Production of Textile Yarn