,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

1' fndaê i;ajhka y÷kd.ekSfï miqìu

fn!oaO Ñka;k l%ufha fndaê i;aj ixl,amh b;d merKs
nj lsj yelsh' zfndaêhg we¨KqZ hk wre;la m%ldY lrk
zfnda ê i;a ; Z hk jpkh ;= , s k a ms < s ì Uq lrjk ixl,a m h
nq o a O ld,h ola j d Èjhk njg ft;s y dis l idOl lS m hla
fm<fmd;a j,ska o yuqfjhs' ta ms<sn| úia;r u;= i|ykah'
nqoaO pß;hla nqoaO Ou_h;a nqoaO mßks¾jdkfhka miqj
l%ñl úldYkhlg yiqúh' tys m%;sM, úiska we;s lrk ,o
fn!oaO iïm%odhhka m%Odk fldgia folls' f:rjdo iïm%odh yd
uydhdk iïm% o dh hk fï fldgia foflys u fnda ê i;a j
ixl,amh ;yjqre lrf.k ;sfí' úfYaIfhka uydhdkslfhda
fndaêi;aj ixl,amh u;u j¾Okh jQy' Tjqkaf.a mqomQcd yd
jkaokdudk nqÿkajykafiag;a jvd fndaêi;ajjrekag ,eìKs'
tfiau fndaêi;aj kñka y÷kajk mqoa., ixLHdjo wm%udKh'
f:rjd§ka fï ms<fs j; wkq.ukh l< njla olakg ke;'
tfy;a f:rjd§ka fndaêi;aj woyi neyer lsÍug o miqng ù
;sfí' nqÿka jykafiag jvd by<ska je÷ï ms÷ï lsÍula o Tjqkf a .a
ke;' uydhdkslhska ;rï fndaêi;aj Nla;h s la f:rjd§ka ;=< ;sî
ke;' miqj uydhdk n,mEfuka we;s jQ woyia ixl,kh ksid
miq lf,l f:rjd§ka ;=<;a fuu woyia jHdma; jkakg we;ehs
úYa j di l< yels h ' f:rjd§ka g uq , s k a is á fha is o a O d¾:
fnda ê i;a j hka muKs ' miq j fnda ê i;a j ixl,a m h w;S ; hg
j¾Okh jQ w;r wkd.;hg o tla fndaê i;ajhl= olajd j¾Okh
ù we;s ieá olakg yelsh'
uydhdkslhkaf.a fndaêi;aj .Kk jeäùug fya;j = Tjqka
yeu fofklau nqÿùfuka u úuqla;sh ,nd .ekSug woyia lrk
ks i d úh hq ; = h ' f:rjd§ka f .a u;h thg b÷rd fjkia h'
1
,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

yeufokdgu nq ÿ ùug fkdyels w;r" hful= tfia jka k g

uykais .kafka kï fya fY%aIaG ùr mqreIfhls' tn÷ mqoa.,fhda
f:rjd§kag ÿ¾,N fj;s' tneúka fndaêi;aj ixLHdjo iSñ; úh'
wmg fuys§ meyeÈ,sj fmfkk fjkila kï uydhdksl
fndaêi;ajhkaf.a m%.;sYS,s .;shls' Tjqkaf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=j
is h ,a , ka iuÕ u ks j ka wjfnda O lr .ekS u h' f:rjd§
fndaêi;ajjrekag tfia lsÍug fkdyelsjdla fukau
n,dfmdfrd;a ; = j la o ke;' Tjq k a f .a woyi ;u ;uka u
úuqla;sh i,id .kakd w;r wkHhkag o ta ud¾.h fmkajd
§uh'

fndaêi;a; Yíofha uq,a wre;(

wmg fuys§ b;du;a u jeo.;a jkafka nqÿiiqk ,laÈjg
meñKs miq fn!oaOhdg wkd.; ffuf;%h nqÿflfkl= .ek
woyia j¾Okh jQ whqre yd th ckm%shj .sh ieá úuiSuh'
tneúka tu ldßh myiqlr .ekSug zfndaêi;a;Z ;eke;a;d
uq<ska u y÷kd.; hq;=h'
fnda ê i;a ; Yíofhka y÷ka j k mq o a . ,hd iy woyia
uQ,sl nqÿ iuhg wh;a úh yelsh' f:rjdo uydhdk iïm%odh
fNaohla fkdue;sj úuid ne¨jfyd;a zfndaêZ hkq [dKhhs'
idudkH [dKhla fkdj CodKfhka meñKs h yels w;s
W;a l DIa G ;;a ; a j hla ths k a ms < s ì Uq lrjhs ' tu W;a l DIa G
;;a;ajhg m;ajkakg iQodkïj tysu kshe,S isák ;eke;a;d
fndaêi;a; kdufhka y÷kajd we;' tkï nqoO a ;ajh ,nd .ekSug
fmr .; lrkq ,nk Ôú; ld,h fndaêi;a; kñka y÷kajkq
,nhs'
znq O fnda O f;Z hk Od;= f jka is o a O lr.;a fnda ê
Yíohla f:rjd§ka f.a foaYkd md,sh we;=<;a fm<fmd;a j,;a
wÜG l:d j,;a ±lsh yelsh' uydhdk iïm%odhslhskaf.a O¾u
.%k:
a ,shQ ixialD; NdIdfõo zfndaêZ Yíoh [dKh hk w¾:h
§u i|yd u fh§ we;'1$

2
 ,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

fnda ê i;a ; hk md,s jpkh n,df.k ixia l D;

fndaêi;aj hk jpkh iod.kakg we;ehs B'fÊ' f;dauia uyd
mjihs'2$ Tyqf.a u;h md,s fndaêi;a; moh merKs njhs'
f:rjd§ka fndaêi;a; Yíoh úia;r lrkafka fndaê
Yíoh;a i;a; Yíoh;a fjk fjku /f.kh' fndaê Yíofhka
ud._ {dKh;a i¾j{;d [dKh;a .;a w;r" i;a; Yíofhka
ila;" i;aNdj" i;aj hk w¾: ;=kla .efka' tfia w¾: lSmhla
olajk kuq;a fuys m%OdkjQ o merKs jQ o w¾:h ila;d¾:h nj
i|yka fjhs'3$

1' cd;lÜG l:d fya'ú'uq' ksodk l;d nqoaOjxiÜG l;d fya'ú'uq' 111
msg'

cd;sl wgqjd .ek moh ^18 msg& n,kak' ^ue' úu,lS¾;s ix(&
zWmksIoa .%k:
a " oYl=udr pß;h" N.j;a .S;djZ wd§ .%k: a j, fh§
we;' zm%f;nqùï ;od fu ksfndO h(" znqoaêx ;= idrÓx uk(
m%.y
% fuj" zkuia;= mrx nqoê
a ¾ nqfoOrd;aud uydkamr(Z ^lfgdmksIoa
m%:fudOHh(& wd§ ke;a n,kak'

znqoaêï WmÈYHz" zmqKHnqoaêï WmÈYH ud uuq;=j;aZ" ^oYl=udr

pß;h WÉPdjdih& wd§ ;eka n,kak'

N.j;a .S;dfõ ^1& 7" 23

^2& 39" 41" 44" 49" 50" 51" 52" 53" 63" 66

^3& 1" 2" 42" 43

^10& 8 hk Yaf,dl o n,kak'

2' fn!oaO Ñka;dfõ b;sydih 254 msg'

3' ,laÈj uydhdk woyia 238 msg'

3
,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

zfnda ê hd if;;d fnda ê if;;dZ hk uÊCêu ks l dh

wÜGl;dfõ 4$ tk mdGfhka o iq ; a ; ks m d;ÜGl;dfõ tk
zfnda ê if;;d ;s nq Ê COkl if;;d iïud iïfnda ê x .ka ; = x
wrfyd if;;dZ5$ hk mdGfhka o nqoaO [dKh ,eîug W;aidy
.kakd thg we¨Kq ;eke;af;la yÕjhs'
f:rjd§ wÜGl:dlrefjda fndaê Yíofhka w¾: rdYshla
olaj;a'
zzuf.. tf,p ksíndfk - fndaê ioafOd mkd.f;dZZ6$
hkqfjka ta neõ nqoaOjxiÜG l:dfõ i|yka fjhs'
zz;iai uhyx NslaLfõ wmamudodê.;d fndaêZZ7$ hkqfjka
wmudoh lrKfldg f.k fndaêh ,nk ,±hs wx.=;a;r ksldfha
i|yka fjhs ' tys zfnda ê hkq p;= ¾ úO ud._ [dKh;a nq o a O
[dKh;a m% l dY ls Í ug fhdod we;s nj tu wÜGl:dj 8 $
^ufkdr: mQrKS& i|yka lrhs' zzfndaê jqÉp;s p;=iq u.af.iq
[dKxZZ hkqfjka p;=¾úO ud¾. [dKh jdpH jk whqre uyd
ksoafoai md,sfha tk tu mdGfhka o ±lafjhs'9$
uÊCêu ksldhÜG l:dfõ uQ, mßhdh iQ;% j¾Kkdfõ
ksjk fndaê hkqfjka olajhs' zzmFjdk fndaêx wu;x wixL;xZZ10$
hkq tys mdGhhs'
zzf;k iufhk nqoaOd N.jd Wrefj,dhx úyr;s kÊcd
fkr[crdh ;Sfr" fndaê reCL uQf, mGudNs iïnqoafOdZZ11$
hkq f jka nq ÿ jka k g Wmldr jQ jDla I h ^wei;= .i& ola j hs '
nqoaOjxiÜG l:dfõ12$ ksodk j¾Kkdfõ o fï woyi u i|yka
fõ'
4' mm[j iqokS NhfNrj iq;a; jKaKkd'
5' mru;a: fcd;sld fya'ú'uq' kd,l iq;a; jKaKkd 375 msg
6' nqoO
a jxiÜG l:d fya'ù'uq' 119 msg' cd;slÜG l:d ksodkh o n,kak'
7' wx.='ks' nq'cd'uq' ¥l ksmd;h 100 msgqj
8' ufkdar: mQrKs ^O¾udrdu ix& 325 msgqj
9' uyd ksoafoi md,s nq'c'uq' 644 msgqj
10' u'ks' wÜGl:d fya'ú'uq' 50 msgqj
11' uyd j.a. md,sfha' nq'c'uq' 1 msgqj
12' nqoaOjxiÜG l:d fya'ú'uq' ksodk jKaKkd - 8 msgqj

4
 ,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

i;a; Yíoh(
md,s foaYkd .%ka:j, m%dKs jdpl zi;a;Z Yíohla yd
we,Su w¾:fhka hq;a i;a; Yíohla o olakg we;'
zikaks i;a;d wmamrÊCO cd;sldZ13$ hkqfjka uÊCêu
ksldfha m%dKs jdpl w¾:fhka i;a; Yíoh fh§ we;' w,am jQ
flf,ia rcia we;s i;ajfhda we;ehs i|yka fldg uyd n%yauhd
úiska nqÿkajykafiaf.a is; Ou_foaYkhg keUqre lsÍug m%ldY
flrekls'
zzrEmd§iq LfJoiq Pkaordf.k i;a;d úi;a;d wdi;a;d
,.a.d ,is;d m;a;d iïm;a;d ;s mdKsfkd jqÉpka;sZZ hkqfjka
nqoaOjxiÜG l:dfõ14$ rEmd§ m[pialkaOhkays Pkaord.fhka
we¨Kq hk w¾:fhka i;a;d hkak fhdod we;'
fuu fo;ekayu s w¾: folla jYfhka f.k olajk kuq;a
foflysu we;af;a ^Yla;d¾:h& we,Sud¾:h nj mKaä; fok.u
msh;siai ysñ mjihs'15$
zzfndaê i;a;fiij if;d;s nqcCOkl i;a;fiij iïud
iïfndêx wê.ka ; = x wry i;a ; fiij if;d" fndêhd jd
i;a;fiij ,.a.iaij if;d §mxlriai ys N.jf;d mdouQf,
wÜG Oïud ifudOdfkk wySkSydr iñoê fkdmamN+;s ;:d.f;d
fndaêhx i;af;d'''" ;iaud fndaêi;af;d ;s jqÉp;sZZ hkqfjka
uÊCêu ksldhÜG l:dfõ fndaêi;a; moh ú.%y lr we;'16$
fndaêh wjfndaO lrkakdjQ o tys we¨kdjQo ;eke;a;d fndaêi;a;
mofhka y÷kajd we;' fndaêh fyj;a ud¾. [dKh ,nd .ekSug
iqÿiq ;eke;a;d o fndaêi;a; kñka ye¢kaúh'
fï whqßka wÜGl:dj, úfYaIfhka nqoaOjxiÜG l:dfõ
fndaêi;a; Yíoh ú.a.%ylr yeu nqÿ flfkl=f.au wNsuqLfhys§
f.!;u nqÿka jykafiaf.a újrK ,o wjia:dj i|yd fndaêi;a;
kduh fhdod olajd we;;a-
13' uÊCêu ksldh - wßh mßfhaik iQ;%h nq'c'uq' 1"410 msgqj
14' nqoaOjxiÜG l:dj - fya'ú'uq' 11 msgqj
15' n,kak" mÜiïNsod - 5 l,dmh 35 msgqj
16' uÊCêu ksldh" wÜG l:d-NhfNrj iQ;% j¾Kkd fya'ú'uq' 103 msgj
q
5
,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

nqoaOjxYh keue;s fm<fmdf;a fï moh olakg ke;' ta i|yd

znqoaOdxl+rZ znqoaOdìc~l+rZ" zkd:Z hk mo fhdodf.k we;'17$
flfia jq j ;a nq o a O [dKh ,eîUg l,s k a ta [dKh
,eîUg ùhH_ lrk ;eke;a;d fndaêi;a; kñka y÷kajk nj
meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug wmyiqjla ke;'

17' nqoaOjxih - 72 .d:dj n,kak'

6
 ,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

2' ;%smsgl .%ka:j, yd wÜGl:dj, tk zfndaêi;a;Z

;%smsgl md,sfha" f.!;u nqÿkajykafiaf.a wka;su cd;sfha
§ nqÿùug fmr isoaOd¾: ld,h yeÕùug fndaêi;a; hk moh
nqoOa pß;h rpkd lrkakjqka jeä jYfhka fhdod ;sfí' tfy;a
fndaêi;a; Yíofhka jdpHjk w¾:h .ek úuik úg fndaêh
,nd .ekSug iqÿiq úfYaIfhka ta i|yd ±ä wêIaGdkhlska hq;=j
lghq;= lrk ljr mqoa.,hl= jqjo fndaê i;a; kñka ye¢kaúh
yelsh' tneúka iïud iïnqoaO" mfÉpl nqoaO" wryka; nqoaO hk
;%ú
s O fndaêfhka l=ula fyda m%d¾:kd lrk" ta i|yd úhH_h lrk
;eke;a;d fndaêi;a; kñka ye¢kaùu jrola úh fkdyelsh' tfia
jqj;a f:rjd§ fm<fmd;a j,;a i|yka jkakdfia u ish¨u
fn!oaO ksldhslfhda u iïud iïnqÿ moúh m;k ;eke;a;du
fndaêi;aj kñka y÷kaj;s' mfÉpl fndaêi;a; idjl fndaêi;a;
fhÿï ÿ¾,Nh' tfy;a tn÷ woyila f:r.d:d wÜGl:dfõ
i|yka fjhs'1$
flfia fj;;a ;%smsgl md,sfha fndaêi;a; hkak nyq,
jYfhka u fhdod we;af;a isoOa d¾: ld,h yeÕùu i|yd nj lsj
hq;=h' fndaêi;a; Yíofha merKs fhÿï md,s ksldh .%ka:j,
we;;a tys uq,a wre; kshu whqßka m%ldY jk ft;sydisl fhÿu
we;af;a" uÊCêu ksldfha nj uf.a yeÕSuhs' uÊCêu ksldfha iQ;%
lSmhl u th i|yka fj;;a merKsu fhÿu wßhmßfhaik iQ;h %
;=< wka;¾.; njg ksielh'
zzwyïms iqox NslaLfõ mqífnj iïfndOd wkNs iïnqoafOd
fndaêi;af;dj iudfkd w;a;kd cd;s Oïfud iudfkd cd;s
Oïuxp mßfhidñZZ2$ wd§ jYfhka wßhmßfhaik iQ;%fha i|yka
jkafkah' th b;du merKsjQ;a uq,a wre;g iudk jQ;a fhÿu
f,i ie,lsh yels jkafka nqÿkajykafia úiska u ;u nqoO
a ;ajhg
fmr .;l< Ôú;h m%ldY lsÍug fhdod.;a neúks'
1' mru;a:§mkS" fya'ú'uq' 7" 8" 9 msgq
mru;a: fcd;sld" fya'ú'uq' 35" 39 msgq o n,kak'
2' u'ks' - ls' [dKúu, ix" wßhmßfhaik iQ;%h - 174 msgqj
7
,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

Wmkaod isg nqÿjk wjia:dj olajd ld,h .ek ñi bka tydg

fyda w;S; Ôú; olajd f.dia ke;' ;uka jykafiau Ndú;
lrkkag we;ehs weoysh yels fuu iQ;%fha fhÿkq fndaêi;a;
Yíofhka ft;sydisl khska n,k úg isoaOd¾: ld,h yÕjk
neúka b;d jeo.;a h' tneúka fndaêi;a; Yíofha uq,a wre; th
nj lsj hq;=j we;'
zzuhyïms fLd n% d ya u K" mq í np iïfndOd wkNs
iïnqoaOiai fndaêi;a;fhj if;d t;ofydisZZ hkqfjka uÊCêu
ksldfha NhfNrj iQ;%fhao3$ isoaOd¾: ;dmh wjia:dj yeÕùug
fndaêi;a; Yíoh fhdod we;;a wßh mßfhaik iQ;%fha i|yka
jk ft;sydisl ;;a;ajh wdrlaId lrf.k ke;snj fmfka'
zznuq K " nq ÿ ùug fmr p;= r dhH_ i;Hh wjfnda O fkdl<
fndaêi;aj jQ ug o fun÷ woyila we;s úh'ZZ hkqfjka tys
i|yka jkafka isoaOd¾: ;jqidf.a Ôú;hhs' zzflf,ia j,ska
wmsßisÿ jQ is;ska wdrKH fiakdikhkays jdih lsÍu b;d ÿIalr
nj;a" fun÷ is;a we;s whg uy jkfha§ Nhdkl wdrïuK
lrKfldgf.k Nh yg.ka k d nj;a fnda ê i;a ; jQ ;udg
tnkaola fkdjQ nj;a tu iQ;%fha tk jeäukla úia;r j,ska
mejfia' tneúka nqÿùug fmr ÿIalr l%h s d iuh fndaêi;a; kñka
y÷kajd we;' fjk;a i;ajhl=g fuka Nh ygfkd.kakd Ñ;a;
ffOhH_ h la we;s mq o a . ,hl= jYfhka tys y÷ka j d ;s î fuka
fmkShkafka ixj¾Okhg yiq jQ fndaêi;aj ixl,amfha uQ,îc ta
;=< ieÕù we;s njh'
wx.= ; a ; r ks l dfha ;s l ks m d;fha o 4$ fuu NhfNrj
iQ;%fha mdGhu fh§ we;;a thg jvd wx.=;a;r mdGh merKs
njla Wiq,hs' zzfldkqfLd f,dfl wiaidfod fld wd§kfjd lsx
ks i a i rKka ; s Z Z hk fldgis k a ta neõ ;yjq r e fjhs ' fuu
ksldfhau p;=ll a ksmd;fha ;:d.; wÉPßh iQ;f % ha5$ fndaêi;a;
Yíoh fh§ we;;a ft;sydisl wre;g .e,fmk ;;ajh wdrlaId
ù fkdue;' tys ;=is; foõf,dj .; lrk Ôú;h olajd Èla
lsÍug;a wdYaphH_Ndjh ;yjqre lr .ekSug;a W;aidy f.k
;sîfuka fmkS -
3' u'ks' - nq'c'uq' 38 msgqj
4' nq'c'uq' m%:u Nd.fha iïfndaê j.a.h - 460 msgqj
5' nq'c'uq' oaú;Sh Nd.fha - 250 msgqj
8
 ,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

hka f ka fnda ê i;a ; ixl,a m fha ixj¾Ok wjia : djls ' merKs
fm<fmd;la jYfhka fndfyda wh i,lkq ,nk iq;; a ksmd;fha
o fnda ê i;a ; Yíoh fh§ ;s f í' is ÿ y;a l= u ref.a W;a m ;a ; s
wjia:dj ±laùug fufia fhdod ;sfí'
zzfid fndêi;af;d r;kjfrd w;=f,Hd
ukqiai f,dfl Ns; iqL;dh cdf;d
ilHdk .dfu ckmfo ¨ïìfkfhH
f;kïy ;+fgGd w;sÍj l,HrEmdZZ6$
kd,l iQ;%fha fufia i|yka fj;;a bka miqj isÿy;a l=ureka
.ek i|yka jk yeu ;eklu fjk;a jpk ùkd fndaêi;a;
Yíoh fhdod ke;' 7$ mínÊcd iQ ; % f ha ; a " m% O dk iQ ; % f ha ; a
fndaêi;a; jpkh fhÈh hq;= ke;aj, znqoafOdZ" nqoaOiai hk mo
Ndú;lr ;s î u;a úuis h hq ; a ; ls ' th nq o a O ;a j fhka miq j
miqld,Skj rpkd l< wdLHdk iajrEmhla Wiq,hs' nqoaO;ajhg
m;a jQj;a fkdjQj;a ta mqoa.,hd nqoaO kñka y÷kajd we;af;a
Wmkaod isgh' tfia ke;skï fndaêi;aj woyig t;rï .re
lsÍula fkd;snqk wfhl= úiska th miqld,Sk iuhl rpkd
lsÍfuka fndaêi;a; woyi jqjukdfjka u hgm;a lr oukakg
we;ehso úYajdi l< yelsh'
fndaêi;a; Yíofha uq,a wre; l=ula jqj;a b;du;a u
jeo.;a hehs yefÕk ;j;a lreKla wm fuys§ idlÉPdjg
Ndckh l< hq;=h' tkï hïlsis ixl,amhl fm!rdKsl;ajh
wdrlaId lr .kakg f:rjd§ Ou_ ix.%dylhka yeu úglu jdf.a
f.k ;sfnk W;aidyhka §> ksldfha uyd modk iQ;%fha i|yka
jk nj fmkajd Èh yelsh' tys§ lsh hq;= lreKq úmiaiS nqÿka
jyka f ia f .a ld,h ola j d f.k f.dia ;s f í' 8$ tys úmia i S
nq ÿ ka j yka f ia f .a nq ÿ ùug fmr meúÈ Ôú; ld,h yeÕùug
fndaêi;a; Yíoh fhdod we;'
6' iq;a; ksmd;h" kd,l iQ;%h" fya'ú'uq' 685 .d:dj n,kak'
7' tu 686 .d:dj" 410" 431" .d:d n,kak'
8' §>'ks' 11 - uyd j.a.h 19 msgqfõ isg bÈßhg n,kak'
^je,s;r [dKjdi ix'&
9
,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

l= u dr ld,hg zl= u dfrdZ hk jpkh Ndú;lr ;s f nkq ñi

fndaêi;a; l:djla ke;' zw:fLd fid NslaLfj uyK ldfhd
p;= r diS ; s mdK iyia i dks fliuia i q x Tydfr;a j d ldidhdks
j;a:dks wÉPdfo;ajd úmiaix fndaêi;a;x w.dr;ajd wk.dßhx
mínð;x wkqmínðxiq ;dh iqox NslL a fj mßidh mßjqf;d úmiai
fndaêi;af;d .duks.u ckmo rdcOdkSiq pdßlx pr;sZZ9$ hkqfjka
wk.dßl ;;a;ajh fndaêi;a; f,i tu iQ;%fha i|yka lreKq
j,ska meyeÈ,sj u fmkajhs' tfy;a wm fuys§ ie<ls,a,g .;
hq;af;a f.!;u nqÿkajykafiag fhÈhhq;= wjia:djla merKs nj
wdrlaId lr .ekSfï iïm%od ;=,ska úmiaiS nqoaO ld,h olajd
Èlalr ;sfnk wdldrhhs'
by; i|yka ixl,amh mqk¾Njh ms<sn|j ixj¾Okhla
we;s ùfuka miqj ;%smsglhg we;=<;a jQ woyia ud,djla f,i
yeÕSuhs' th fl;rï ÿrg ÈhqKqù f.dia weoa±hs ±lsh yelafla
úmiaiS nqoaO ld,h muKla fkdj bka uE; ld,j, my< jQ
nq ÿ jreka i;a kula Wfoid u tlu m% j D;a ; s h fhdod.;a
wdldrfhks'10$ th f.!;u nqoaO pß;fhau ixj¾Ok wjia:djla
f,i ie,lSug yelsh' ;j;a fm<fmd;la jk ixhqla; ksldfha
tk úmiaiS iQ;%h11$ fun÷ ixj¾Ok wjia:djla f,i ±laúh
yelsh'
zzúmiaii s i
a NslL
a fj N.jf;d wryf;d iïud iïnqoO a iai
mqífnj iïfudOd wkNs iïnqoaOiai fndaêi;a;iafij if;d
t;ofydisZZ hkqfjka tys úmiais nqÿkajykafiaf.a fndaêi;aj
wjia:dj olajhs' t;ekska fkdkej;S isÇ" fjiaiN=" ll=io"
fldakd.u" liaim" f.!;u hk nqÿjreka ms<sn|j;a ta whqßkau
fhdod we;' ixhq;a; ksldfha Od;= ixhq;a;fha o fuu woyiu
we;=<;ah'12$ l:d j;a:qfjys fhdod we;s fndaêi;a; kdufhka
wjia:d ;=kla u ±lafjhs' tys fndaêi;a; Yíoh tla ;ekl
fhdod we;af;a nqÿka jykafiaf.a w;S; Ôú; fmkakqï lsÍu
i|ydh'
9' §>'ks' 11 - 19 msgqj" uyd mOdk iQ;%h
10' tu - 33 msgqj
11' ixhq'ks' 11 - wNsiuh ixhq;a; nq'c'uq' 8 msgqj
tu - nqoaO j.a.ho n,kak'
12' ixhq'ks' 11 - Od;= ixhq;a;h ^mqín iQ;%h& 264 msgqj
10
 ,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

zzfndaêi;af;d biaißh lduldß;d fy;= .ÉP;S;sZZ 13$

hkqfjka i|yka lr we;af;a tn÷ ;ekls' isoOa d¾: ;dmi ld,h
yeÕùug tysu zzfndêi;af;d biaißh lduldß;d fy;= ÿlalr
ldß;x wldiS;sZZ hkafkaka i|yka lr ;sfí'14$
tfia u zzNífnd fnda ê i;a f ;d ;dh cd;s h d Oïux
kdNs i fu;= k a ; s Z Z 15 $ hkq f jka i|yka jk mdGfhka u;= l r
fmka j ka f ka wkd.; fnda ê i;a ; flfkl= ms < s n |jhs ' ks h ;
újrK ,eîfuka miq wkd.;fha fndaêi;ajhkaf.a ;;ajh .ek
m%Yakhla mekke.S we;' nqÿjreka úiska [dK n,fhka m%ldY
lrk ,o ^újrK fok ,o& flfkl= jYfhka fuys fndaêi;aj
kduh fhdod we;'
nqoaO jxih" wkd.; jxih jeks .%ka:j, i|yka jk
fnda ê i;a j .ek ft;s y dis l jákdlula ke;' úfYa I fhka
lsjhq;=j we;af;a tla lreKls' tkï ksldh .%ka: j,ska úmiaiS
nqÿka oji olajd f.k .sh fm!rdKsl ;;a;ajh bka Tíng;a
f.k f.dia ;sîuhs' i;a nqÿjreka iQúis nqÿjreka olajd f.k
f.dia §mxlr kï nq ÿ ka wNs u q L hg iq f ïO jYfhka újrK
,eîug uq,ska u hjhs'
wÜGl:d .ek lshkqu ljf¾o@ cd;l ksodk fyj;a
cd;lÜGl:dfõ ksOdk l:d fldgi" fndaêi;aj ixl,amfha
úYd, ixj¾Okhla fmkakï q lrhs' zzfmrdKsl fndaêi;a;dkxZZ16$
hkqfjka merKs fndaêi;a;jrekaf.a úia;r bÈßm;a lr mdrñ;d
fiùu lrk f,i iqfïO ;dmhkaf.a is;g my< lrjhs' thska
meyeÈ,s jkafka iqfïO ;dmhkaf.ka tmsg ld,h olajd u fuu
;;a ; a j h f.kf.dia fmka k S u g .;a W;a i dyhhs ' f:rjd§ka
leue;a;la fkd±lajQ fndaêi;aj mQcdj ms<sn|j o woyia cd;l
ksodk i|yka lr we;' iqfïO ;jqid uyckhdf.a muKla fkdj
§mxlr nqÿka m%Odk -
13' l:d'j' nqc'uq' 506" 508 msgq" lduldßld l:d
14' tu 510 msgqj
15' tu 100 msgqj" ;sl;iai l:d
16' cd;lÜG l:d fya'ñ'uq' ^ksodk l:d& 17 msgqj
11
,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

NslIa q ix>hdf.a o mQcdjg ,la jQ whqre cd;l ksodk l:dfõ;a"17$

nqoaOjxiÜGl:dfõ;a18$ i|yka fjhs' uyd i;a;x hk moh o
fndaêi;a; Yíohg mßhdh jYfhka fhdod ksh; jQ fndaêi;aj
flfkla njg újrK ,o Èk isg m;alr we;'19$ túg wksh;
fnda ê i;a j hka o is á h yels h hk woyi u;= ù u je,ela ú h
fkdyelsh'
uyd iïmsKaä; ksodkfha ±lafjk zziïfndaêi;a;iaiZZ
hkq ;j;a jeo.;a jpkfhls'
fuu lreKq .ek úuik úg fmkShkafka fndaêi;a;
Yíofha uq,a wre; jYfhka .; yelafla nqÿùug l,ska .;l<
isoaOd¾: ;dmi ld,hhs' miqj Wmkaod isg ld,h olajd jeä
lr.;a fuu woyi bka wE; Ôú; ld, olajd tlska tl jeä
ù f.dia nq ÿ jreka f .a .Kk jeäùu;a iuÕ u fnda ê i;a j
ixLHdj o l% u fhka j¾Okh jQ wdldrh fmka j d fohs '
wÜGl:dlrejka muKla fkdj" fm<fmd;a l rejka o fuu
l%shdjg iïnkaO j lghq;= lr ;sfí'
fndaêi;aj ixl,amfha úúO wjia:d ;=<k
s a fndaêi;aj Ou_"
fndaêi;aj pßhd" fndaêi;ajfhl= ;=< ;sìh hq;= .=Kx." tu
;;a;ajh taug idudkH ukqIHhl= ;=< ;sìh hq;= wêldr wd§
jYfhka fuu ixl,a m fha jeä Èhq K q j la f:rjdo uydhdk
foiufhys u olakg we;' Tjqkaf.a Ou_ .%ka:j, fï ms<sn| j
§¾> f;dr;=re olakg we;s w;r" fmr wmrÈ. m~qjka fndfyda
fofkla fuu ixl,amfha jHqyh .ek Tjqkaf.a .%ka:j, úia;r
lr ;sfí' tneúka ta .ek jeäuk;a lreKq fuys bÈßm;a lsÍug
wkjYHh' úIh fCIa ; % h g wh;a fkdjk ks i d thg w;
fkd;enqfjñ' fuu uQ,sl lreKq ál jqj;a fláfhka iemhSug
woyia lf<a zzfndaêi;a;ZZ hkq fln÷ ;eke;af;la±Zhs lshd
y÷kd .ekSug uQ,sl jYfhka Wmldr jkq msKsih'
17' cd;lÜG l:d - fya'ú'uq' 16 msgqj
18' uOqr;a: ú,diskS nqoaOjxiÜG l:d - fya'ú'uq' 77 msg
19' tu 7 msgqj

12
 ,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

3' fu;af;hH nqÿka yd fndaêi;ajhka ye¢kaùu

i;H jYfhka u fuu fþoh mgka . ; hq ; = j ;s n q f Ka "
fu;af;hH fndaêi;ajhka yd nqÿka ye¢kaùu hkqfjkah' tfy;a
th fjkia lr nqÿka hk jpkh uq,g fhdokakg woyia lf<a
ths k a èjks ; jk w¾:h ;= < s k a ffuf;% h ixl,a m h ,la
nq ÿ iiq f ka jHdma ; jQ miq ì u fuka u " thg jvd .eUq r e jQ ; a
iïm% o dhdKq l + , ;;a ; a j hl= ; a iïmQ ¾ Kfhka u u;= lr§ug
Yla;shla tu fhÿug we;ehs hk n,j;a úYajdih ksidh' tkï
,lajeishd" fndfyda úg ffuf;%h nqÿka .ek l;d lrkjd úkd
fndaê i;aj flfkl= .ek l:d fkdlrhs' tneúka tu woyi
u;=lr §ug thska yelshdjla we;ehs yeÕS .sfhka tfia fh§ñ'
,la nqÿiiqk hkqfjka mjik úg wmg yeÕS hkafka
f:rjdo iïm%odhh yels yeu whqßkau wdrlaId lr.;a ia:dkh
jYfhks' Y%S ,xld fn!oaOhka muKla fkdj fmrmr foÈ. iEu
fn!oaO wfn!oaO úpdrlhkaf.a;a ms<s.ekSu thhs' f:rjd§kaf.a
n,h ;yjqre lr.;a ch N+ñh Y%S ,xldj jk neúks'
f:rjd§ iïm%odhhg wh;a fn!oaOhkag mQckSh fndaêi;aj
yeÕS u la uQ , s l nq ÿ iufhka fmka k q ï fkdlrk w;r miq j
l%ufhka thg o uqyqK mdkakg úh' w;S; fndaêi;aj jrekaf.a
Èhq K q j la we;s lr.;a w;r wkd.; ffuf;% h fnda ê i;a j
flfkl= .ek woyila o ms<s.kakg isÿù ;sfí' fndaêi;aj hk
moh fhÿj;a f:rjd§ iïm% o dhlhka tu jpkh Ndú; lr
we;af;a b;du mßiaiñka nj meyeÈ,s lr .kakg wmyiqjla
fkdue;s neõ fmfka'
ffuf;%h .ek fm< fmd;l uq,k s a u i|yka jkafka §>
ksldfha plalj;a;S iSykdo iQ;%fhks' th pl%j¾;S ixl,amh;a
iuÕ w;a j e,a ne|.;a wjia : djla f,i yeÕS h hs ' wm fuys §
úfYaIfhka wu;l fkdl<hq;= jeo.;a lreKla ;sfí'
tkï zzfuf;;fhHd kdu N.jd f,dfl WmamÊðiai;sZZ" hkqfjka
Ndú; lr we;s wdldrhhs'1$ tys hïlsis ryila .eíj we;ehs

13
,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

úYajdi lsÍug yelsh' uydhdksl iïm%odhg wh;a fndaêi;aj

ixl,amh f:rjd§ka úiska ys;du;d u hgm;a lrkakg .;a
W;aidyhl uQ, îc wjia:djla jYfhka fuh ye¢kaùug yels
hhs yefÕhs' fï ksidu fu;af;hH nqoaO hkak uq,gu fhdod
.;sñ'

fuu ksldh .%ka:h yereKq úg fjk;a lsisu f:rjd§

fm<fmd;l fu;af;hH nqÿka .ek i|ykla ke;' tfy;a cd;l
md,sfha fu;af;hH nqoaO .ek igykla olakg we;' th fm<g
wh;a hhs úYajdi lsÍug wiSreh' cd;sl md,sh ksujd th rÑ;
mskska ;=is; foõf,dj bmso ffuf;%h fndaêi;ajhkaf.ka nK
wid Tyq;a iuÕ tys jei ñksia f,dj my, jQjdg miq fuu
cd;l l;_D o fla;=u;S mqrfhys bmso tu nqÿkag isõ mifhka
Wmia:dk lr Tyqo wkd.f;a nqÿùug fu;af;hH nqÿkaf.ka
újrK ,nk ieá o úia;r lrhs'2$ ,xldfõ uqø; s fyajdú;drK
.%ka:fha fuu fldgi wialr we;'

zzfu;af;hH f,dl kd:iai iqKf;dOïu foikx f;k

ioaêx Ñrx ld,x úJofJ;d uy;sxisßxZZ" nqof
a O cdf;a uyd i;af;
3
rïfu fl;=u;S mqfrZZ $ hkqfjka cd;l md,sfha tk fu;af;hH
jkdys ;=is; foõf,dj jkafkls' thska fndaêi;aj ixl,amfha
ÈhqKqjla olajhs' tfy;a fndaêi;aj fjkqjg zzf,dlkd:iaiZZ
hkak fhdod f.k we;' th nqÿkajykafia i|yd fhdokakla jqjo
f,dlkd: hk moh iïmQ¾Kfhka u uydhdksl woyiaj,g wh;a
jQjls' tys w¾:h uydhdksl fndaêi;a;jrekag .e,fma' fuu moh
fhdod we;af;a ;=is; foõf,dj isák fuf;a fndai;a ye¢kaùu
i|ydh' uyd i;a; hk moh o fndaêi;a; mohg mßhdh jQjls'
th o fuys fhdod we;af;a-
1' §>'ks' plalj;a;S iSykdo iQ;%h ^je,slr isß[dKsjdi ixialrKh& 47 msg
2' cd'md,s P.T.S. 594" 596 msgq n,kak'
3' cd'md,s P.T.S. 594 msgqj

14
 ,la nqÿ iiqfka ffuf;%h fndaêi;aj wdNdih

fuf,dj my< jQ nqÿka ye¢kaùugh' ta i|yd zznqoafO cdf;d

uyd i;af;ZZ hkqfjka Ndú; lr ;sfí'4$ fuu lreKq fufia jqjo
§mXlr nqÿkajykafiaf.a isg iQúis nqÿ flfkl=ka .ek úia;r
lrk cd;l ksodkh ffuf;%h .ek lsisu i|ykla fkdlrhs'
miqld,Sk .%ka:hla jYfhka ie<lsh yels kuq;a fm<
fmd;la jYfhka i<lkq ,nk nqoaOjxi md,sfha o fu;af;hH
.ek i|yka fõ' tho nqoaO kdufhka úkd fndaêi;aj woyiska
fkdfõ' fuu nq o a O jxih fm<fmd;la jYfhka ie,l= j ;a
fndaêi;aj ixl,amh j¾Okh jQjdg miqj ld,hl rÑ;hehs
ksYaÑ; l< yelsh' tfia jqj;a" th ySkhdk" uydhdk fNaoh
;Èka n, meje;a j Q jljdkq j l rpkd lrk ,o fyhs k a
fndaêi;aj woyi §u hgm;a lrkakg we;ehs yefÕa'
fu;af;hH hk jpkh merKs fm< fmd;la jYfhka
i,lkq ,nk iq;a; ksmd;fha o fh§ we;'5$ tys fuu kduh
fhdod we;af;a fndaêi;a; fyda nqÿ flfkl=ka i|yd fkdfõ'
NslIa k
Q j
a ykafia flfkl= ye¢kaùugh' ;sii a fu;af;hH iQ;f
% ha§
fu;af;hH mohg wu;rj ;siai hkakla fhdod f.k ;sfí'6$
fm<fmdf;a i|yka mßÈ tla mqoa.,fhl= jqj;a wgqjdjg wkqj
;siai iy fu;af;hH ñ;%hka fofofkls' tho ksodk l:dfõ§
muKs ' zzbÉPdhia u d ;s i a f id fufJlfhHd hehs ñ;% h ka
fofofkls' tho ksodk l:dfõ§ muKs' zzbÉPdhiaud ;siafid
fuf;yfhHdZZ hhs i|yka jk tu mofhka ñ;%hka fofofkl=fia
.ekSug fkdyelsh' uyd ksoaoi md,sfha i|yka jk mßÈ kï"
z;siaiZ kduh f,i;a" zfuf;;hHZ f.%da;%h f,i;a .;hq;= fjhs'
zzfuf;;hHd;s N.jdZZ hkqfjka B,Õ .d:dfjka tk fldgiska
;siai kduh w;ayer oud ;sfí' ta flfia fj;;a fu;af;hH
kñka ye¢ka j Q hïls i s Ns l a I q j la nq ÿ ka oji jdih l< nj
ks i elh' nq o a O fyda fnda ê i;a ; woyig fkd.e,fm;;a
fu;af;hH kduh fm< fmd;l fhÿKq uq,a ft;sydisl ia:dkh
fuu ;sii fu;a;hH iQ;%h nj lsj yelsh'
4' fï ms<sn| ''4'' mßÉfþofha ;j;a úia;r we;=<;ah'
5' iq'ks' z;siai fuf;;hH iQ;%hz fya'ú'uq' 86 msg
6' ZZ ZZ ZZ ZZ
15