CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V NC THI Y T
National Technical Regulation on Health Care Wastewater

H NI - 2010

QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT

Li ni u

QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT do Ban son tho quy chun k

thut quc gia v nc thi y t bin son, Tng cc Mi
trng, V Khoa hc v Cng ngh v V Php ch
trnh duyt v c ban hnh theo Thng t s
39/2010/TT-BTNMT ngy 16 thng 12 nm 2010 ca B
trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng.

QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V NC THI Y T
National Technical Regulation on Health Care Wastewater

1. QUY NH CHUNG
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh
Quy chun ny quy nh gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s v
cc cht gy nhim trong nc thi y t ca cc c s khm, cha bnh.
1.2. i tng p dng
Quy chun ny p dng i vi t chc, c nhn lin quan n
hot ng thi nc thi y t ra mi trng.
1.3. Gii thch thut ng
Trong Quy chun ny, cc thut ng di y c hiu nh sau:
1.3.1. Nc thi y t l dung dch thi t c s khm, cha bnh.
1.3.2. Ngun tip nhn nc thi l cc ngun: nc mt, vng
nc bin ven b, h thng thot nc, ni m nc thi y t thi vo.

2. QUY NH K THUT
2.1. Nc thi y t phi c x l v kh trng trc khi thi ra mi
trng.
2.2. Gi tr ti a (Cmax) cho php ca cc thng s v cc cht gy
nhim trong nc thi y t khi thi ra ngun tip nhn c tnh nh sau:
Cmax = C x K
Trong :
C l gi tr ca cc thng s v cc cht gy nhim, lm c s
tnh ton Cmax, quy nh ti Bng 1.
K l h s v quy m v loi hnh c s y t, quy nh ti Bng 2
i vi cc thng s: pH, Tng coliforms, Salmonella, Shigella v Vibrio
cholera trong nc thi y t, s dng h s K = 1.

QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT

Bng 1 - Gi tr C ca cc thng s nhim

Thng s

TT

Gi tr C

n v

6,5 8,5

6,5 8,5

pH

BOD5 (20oC)

mg/l

30

50

COD

mg/l

50

100

Tng cht rn l lng (TSS)

mg/l

50

100

Sunfua (tnh theo H2S)

mg/l

1,0

4,0

Amoni (tnh theo N)

mg/l

10

Nitrat (tnh theo N)

mg/l

30

50

Phosphat (tnh theo P)

mg/l

10

Du m ng thc vt

mg/l

10

20

10

Tng hot phng x

Bq/l

0,1

0,1

11

Tng hot phng x

Bq/l

1,0

1,0

12

Tng coliforms

3000

5000

13

Salmonella

KPH

KPH

14

Shigella

KPH

KPH

15

Vibrio cholerae

KPH

KPH

MPN/
100ml
Vi khun/
100 ml
Vi khun/
100ml
Vi khun/
100ml

Ghi ch:
- KPH: Khng pht hin
- Thng s Tng hot phng x v ch p dng i vi cc c s
khm, cha bnh c s dng ngun phng x.
Trong Bng 1:
- Ct A quy nh gi tr C ca cc thng s v cc cht gy nhim
lm c s tnh ton gi tr ti a cho php trong nc thi y t khi thi vo cc
ngun nc c dng cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot.
4

QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT

- Ct B quy nh gi tr C ca cc thng s v cc cht gy nhim

lm c s tnh ton gi tr ti a cho php trong nc thi y t khi thi vo cc
ngun nc khng dng cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot.
- Nc thi y t thi vo cng thi chung ca khu dn c p dng gi tr
C quy nh ti ct B. Trng hp nc thi y t thi vo h thng thu gom
dn n h thng x l nc thi tp trung th phi c kh trng, cc
thng s v cc cht gy nhim khc p dng theo quy nh ca n v
qun l, vn hnh h thng x l nc thi tp trung.
2.3. Gi tr ca h s K
Bng 2- Gi tr ca h s K
Loi hnh

Quy m

Gi tr
h s K

Bnh vin

300 ging

1,0

< 300 ging

1,2

C s khm,

1,2

cha bnh khc

3. PHNG PHP XC NH
3.1. Phng php xc nh gi tr cc thng s nhim trong nc
thi bnh vin thc hin theo cc tiu chun quc gia sau y:
- TCVN 6492:1999 (ISO 10523:1994) Cht lng nc - Xc nh pH;
- TCVN 6001 - 1:2008 Cht lng nc - Xc nh nhu cu oxy ho sau
n ngy (BODn) Phn 1: Phng php pha long v cy c b sung
allylthiourea;
- TCVN 6491:1999 (ISO 6060:1989) Cht lng nc - Xc nh nhu
cu oxy ha hc (COD);
- TCVN 6625:2000 (ISO 11923:1997) Cht lng nc - Xc nh cht
rn l lng bng cch lc qua ci lc si thu tinh;
- TCVN 6637:2000 (ISO 10530:1992) Cht lng nc - Xc nh
sunfua ha tan - Phng php o quang dng metylen xanh;
- TCVN 5988:1995 (ISO 5664:1984) Cht lng nc - Xc nh amoni
Phng php chng ct v chun ;
- TCVN 6180:1996 (ISO 7890 3:1988) - Cht lng nc - Xc nh
nitrat - Phng php trc ph dng axit sunfosalixylic;

QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT

- TCVN 6494:1999 - Cht lng nc - Xc nh cc ion Florua, Clorua,

Nitrit, Orthophotphat, Bromua, Nitrat v Sunfat ha tan bng sc k lng ion;
- Phng php xc nh tng du m ng thc vt thc hin theo US
EPA Method 1664 Extraction and gravimetry (Oil and grease and total
petroleum hydrocarbons);
- TCVN 6053:1995 Cht lng nc - o tng hot phng x anpha
trong nc khng mn. Phng php ngun dy;
- TCVN 6219:1995 Cht lng nc - o tng hot phng x beta
trong nc khng mn;
- TCVN 6187 - 1:2009 (ISO 9308 - 1:2000/Cor 1:2007) Cht lng nc
- Pht hin v m vi khun coliform, vi khun coliform chu nhit v
escherichia coli gi nh - Phn 1 - Phng php mng lc;
- TCVN 6187 - 2:1996 (ISO 9308 - 2:1990) Cht lng nc - Pht hin
v m vi khun coliform, vi khun coliform chu nhit v escherichia coli gi
nh - Phn 2: Phng php nhiu ng;
- TCVN 4829:2001 Vi sinh vt hc - Hng dn chung cc phng
php pht hin Salmonella;
- SMEWW 9260: Phng php chun 9260 - Pht hin cc vi khun
gy bnh (9260 Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria, Standard methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater) ;
3.2. Chp nhn p dng cc phng php xc nh theo nhng tiu
chun quc t c chnh xc tng ng hoc cao hn tiu chun quc
gia. Khi cha c cc tiu chun quc gia xc nh cc thng s quy nh
trong Quy chun ny th p dng cc tiu chun quc t.

4. T CHC THC HIN

4.1. T chc, c nhn lin quan n hot ng thi nc thi y t
ra mi trng phi tun th cc quy nh ti Quy chun ny.
4.2. C quan qun l nh nc v mi trng c trch nhim hng
dn, kim tra, gim st vic thc hin Quy chun ny.
4.3. Trng hp cc tiu chun quc gia vin dn trong mc 3.1. ca
Quy chun ny sa i, b sung hoc thay th th p dng theo vn bn mi.