Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presented by:
Sandy Fraser
Feature Capability
UE Categories 10 Mbps - 300 Mbps on DL
(Provisionally five) 5 Mbps to 75 Mbps in UL
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz UL/DL, 2 Rx, one Tx antenna
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission 8ms (At LTE peak data rates this is a very
Time hard spec to meet at baseband)
Bearer services Packet only – no circuit switched voice or
data services are supported Î voice must
use VoIP
S1
S1
S1
S1
X2
X2
• There is no RNC which dealt with RRC, RLC and MAC elements
• RNC also dealt with packet scheduling (HSDPA Rel 6 moved this to the
node B), this is all moved to the eNB for LTE
• RRM functions have also moved to the eNB
• Radio Admission Control
• Connection Mobility Control
• Dynamic Scheduling of UE resources
Protocol Stack
UE eNB MMS
NAS NAS
RRC RRC Handovers, mobility
UE eNB
PDCP PDCP
RLC RLC
MAC MAC
3GPP 3.60, Fig 4.3.1
User plane protocol stack
PHY PHY
PDCP
R R R PDCP SN Octet 1
Data Octet 2 RLC
………………….
Data
MAC ‐ I Oct N‐3 DC RF P FI E SN Octet 1
MAC ‐ I Oct N‐2 RLC SN Octet 2
MAC ‐ I Oct N‐1 Data Octet 3
MAC ‐ I Octet N Data Octet……
To MAC
RLC Header RLC Header
PDCP
R R R PDCP SN Octet 1
Data Octet 2 RLC
………………….
Data
MAC ‐ I Oct N‐3 DC RF P FI E SN Octet 1
MAC ‐ I Oct N‐2 RLC SN Octet 2
MAC ‐ I Oct N‐1 Data Octet 3
MAC ‐ I Octet N Data Octet……
To MAC
MAC sub‐header with 7 bit L field
R R E LCID Octet 1
F L Octet 2 LCID Logical Channel ID
L Length
Mac sub‐header with 15 bit L field
R R E LCID Octet 1 R Reserved
F L Octet 2
L Octet 3 E Extension
MAC sub‐header no L field
F Format
R R E LCID Octet 1
R R E LCID Octet 1
Header 1
F L Octet 2
• If there are multiple
R R E LCID
SDU’s in the MAC
Header 2 F L
PDU, then there will
L
be multiple sub-
………………….
headers
Header N R R E LCID
• Each header could
Data Data Oct 1
Data Data Oct 2
be data or control
Data
information
………………….
Padding Octet N
• MAC HARQ can also interact with RLC to provide information to speed up RLC
ARQ re-segmentation and re-transmission.
• HARQ re-transmissions could be delayed if they collide with GAP measurements
required for certain types of Handovers. The GAP Measurements take priority
PDCP
R R R PDCP SN Octet 1
Data Octet 2 RLC
………………….
Data
MAC ‐ I Oct N‐3 DC RF P FI E SN Octet 1
MAC ‐ I Oct N‐2 RLC SN Octet 2
MAC ‐ I Oct N‐1 Data Octet 3
MAC ‐ I Octet N Data Octet……
To MAC
RLC
DC RF P FI
SN
E SN Octet 1
Octet 2
MAC
Data Octet 3
R R E LCID Octet 1
Data Octet 4 Header 1
F L Octet 2
From ………………….
R R E LCID
previous DC RF P FI E SN Octet 1 Header 2 F L
SN Octet 2 L
page LSF SO Octet 3 ………………….
SO Octet 4 Header N R R E LCID
Data Octet 3 Data Data Oct 1
…………………. Data Data Oct 2
Data Octet N Data
………………….
DC CPT ACK_SN Octet 1 Padding Octet N
ACK_SN E1 Octet 2
NACK_SN Octet 3
E1 E2 NACK_SN Octet 4
NACK_SN E1 E2 Octet 5
Sostart Octet 6
SOstart Soend Octet 7 To PHY for
Soend Octet 8
SOend NACK_SN Octet 9 interleaving and
………………….
modulation
LTE Protocol Primer
Web presentation 25th June 2008
LTE 3GPP Stack overview – PHY
activities
The physical layer processing of transport channels
consists of the following activities:
• CRC insertion: 24 bit CRC is the baseline for the UL and DL
shared channels
• Channel coding: turbo coding based on QPP inner
interleaving with trellis termination
• Physical-layer Hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) processing;
• Scrambling UL: UE-specific scrambling
• Scrambling DL: transport-channel specific scrambling on DL-
UE eNB
SCH, BCH and PCH.
PDCP PDCP
• Modulation: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM (64 QAM optional
in UE) RLC RLC
MAC MAC
• Mapping to assigned resources (and antennas for MIMO)
PHY PHY
NGA, No Gap Assistance, GA, Gap Assistance, FFS For Future Study
UE eNB MMS
NAS NAS
RRC RRC Handovers, mobility
36-321 MAC 23 14 30 20
36-322 RLC 35 16 35 4
36-323 PDCP 26 31 26 19
RLC and MAC have firmed up considerably over the last 6 months
RRC, which defines paging, connection control, cell (re-)selection etc still
lags behind with several major gaps but has seen many significant additions
during recent months.
Compare with 36-211, Physical Channels and Modulation, 0xFFS, 54pp
FFS – for future study. 3GPP speak for TBD
This presentation relates to the March 2008 release, next release expected
late June 2008.
Simplified all IP network, with fewer elements and more eNB autonomy
• No RNC, No Soft HO, shorter turnaround times, high data rates, short TTI
Some specifications are almost complete, some are still FFS
• RRC firming up, but still needs much work
UMTS comparison:
• Much more autonomy in MAC to reduce higher level processing
• Higher layers similar to UMTS – different PDU structure
• Some areas more complex because of Diversity, eg CQI, Power control,
re-segmentation, variable block size, more dynamic scheduling
Planned to interwork with existing UMTS and CDMA2000 networks
• Ideally every field will require to be varied, either to valid or invalid values,
and the UE’s responses monitored.
• Force poor radio conditions, re-order, delay and corrupt signalling
messages and data
• Test MIMO operation
• Force re-transmissions – test HARQ, re-segmentation – test RLC
• Test data throughput rates in difficult circumstances
• Analysis tools - Protocol logging of all messages
• Access to top and bottom of all protocol layers - Isolation of each layer will
aid troubleshooting. Isolation of protocol stack from PHY allows debug of
the stack by itself without the need for chipset.
• Removing the chipset also allows non-real time processing
• Some protocol tests will have to be verified through UE RF output eg
Power control, shared channel configuration, timing etc
E6620A Wireless
• ADS LTE Design Communications
Libraries Platform
• N7624B Signal Studio Agilent/Anite SAT LTE – Drive Test
• 89601A VSA Software
Protocol Development Introduced
Toolset at MWC
NEW!
VSA, PSA, ESG, Scope, Logic
MXA/MXG
R&D Coming Coming
Soon! Soon!
Distributed
Network
Analyzers
Digital VSA
Network Analyzers, Power supplies, and More! Agilent/Anite SAT LTE – UE Protocol Conformance
Development Toolset
• http://www.anite.com/images/userdocuments/AniteLTE.PDF
• CQI/ reporting details 36.213 V8.2.0 CQI index modulation coding rate x efficiency
1024
0 out of range
or if no UL-SCH 12
13
64QAM
64QAM
666
772
3.9023
4.5234
•Depends on diversity and antenna count 14 64QAM 873 5.1152
Table 7.2.3-1: 4-bit CQI Table 15 64QAM 948 5.5547
36.213-820 Table 7.2.2-3: PUCCH Report Type Payload size per Reporting Mode
#0 #1 #2 #3 ……….#0 #1 #2 #3 ……….
UE eNB
• 5 possible RA events
1.Initial Access 3 Scheduled Transmission
E, T, R, R, OI MAC sub header
E T R R OI
E, T, RAID MAC sub header
E T RAID
36.321 Figure 6.1.5-4: MAC PDU consisting
of a MAC header and MAC RARs
• DL CCCH
• PCCH
• UL and DL DCCH
36.322 Figure 4.2.1.3.1-1: Model of an acknowledged mode enttiy
• UL and DL DTCH
Data Oct 2
...
D/C Data / Control Indicated either Data 36-323 Figure 6.2.2.1: PDCP Data PDU
or Control PDU format for SRBs
R Reserved
MAC-I Message Integrity protection
Authentication and verification
Code
LIS ??????????
3GPP TR 23.882
GERAN Gb
GPRS Core
Iu SGSN PCRF Rx+
UTRAN S7
S3 S4
HSS Op.
S5a S5b S6
IP
S1 3GPP SGi Serv.
Evolved RAN MME
UPE Anchor
SAE
Anchor (IMS,
PSS,
IASA S2b etc…)
S2a WLAN
Evolved ePDG
3GPP IP
Packet Core Access
WLAN
Trusted non 3GPP Access NW
IP Access
MME = Mobile
Management
entity
SAE =
System
Architecture
Evolution
S1
S1
S1
S1
X2
X2
• Radio Resource Management:
• Radio Bearer Control, Radio Admission Control, Connection
• Mobility Control, Dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in both UL and DL
(scheduling);
• IP header compression and encryption of user data stream;
• Selection of an MME at UE attachment when no routing to an MME can be
determined from the information provided by the UE;
• Routing of User Plane data towards Serving Gateway;
• Scheduling and transmission of paging messages (from the MME);
• Scheduling and transmission of broadcast information (from the MME or O&M);
• Measurement and reporting for mobility and scheduling.
S1
S1
S1
S1
X2
X2
• NAS signalling and NAS signalling security
• Inter core network node signalling for mobility between 3GPP access networks
• Idle mode UE Reachability (including control and execution of paging
retransmission)
• Tracking Area list management (for UE in idle and active mode)
• Packet Data Network (PDN) GW and Serving GW selection
• MME selection for handovers with MME change
• SGSN selection for handovers to 2G or 3G 3GPP access networks
• Roaming
• Authentication
• Bearer management functions including dedicated bearer establishment.
X2 user plane
S1
S1
Non-guaranteed delivery of user plane PDU’s
S1
S1
IP transport
GTP-U on top of UDP/IP
X2
X2
X2 control plane
Guaranteed delivery of control plane PDU’s
SCTP on top of IP for improved reliability of application layer messaging
S1 key functions
Inter-3GPP-RAT Handovers
Intra LTE Handovers
Initial context setup, modification and release initiated by MME
Security and roaming
UE capability and identification
Paging