CHAPTER 33

THERMAL AND CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

1.

2.

i = 2 A,
r = 25 ,
t = 1 min = 60 sec
2
Heat developed = i RT = 2 2 25 60 = 6000 J
E=6v
R = 100 ,
T = 15c
Heat capacity of the coil = 4 J/k
Heat liberate

3.

E2
= 4 J/K 15
Rt

66
t = 60 t = 166.67 sec = 2.8 min
100

(a) The power consumed by a coil of resistance R when connected across a supply v is P =
The resistance of the heater coil is, therefore R =
(b) If P = 1000 w

4.

= 1 10

then

v2
R

v2
(250)2
=
= 125
P
500

v2
(250 )2
=
= 62.5
P
1000
P = 500 W
E = 250 v
R=

V
250 250
=
= 125
P
500
2
6
2
7
2
(b) A = 0.5 mm = 0.5 10 m = 5 10 m

(a) R =

RA
l
125 5 10 7
1
=l=
=
= 625 10 = 62.5 m
A

1 10 6
3
62.5 = 3 3.14 4 10 n
(c) 62.5 = 2r n,
R=

62.5

n=

5.

n=

2 3.14 4 10
V = 250 V
P = 100 w

62.5 10 3
2500 turns
8 3.14

v2
(250)2
=
= 625
P
100
10
l
8
Resistance of wire R =
= 1.7 10
= 0.034
A
5 10 6
The effect in resistance = 625.034
R=

The current in the conductor =

10 cm

V
220
=
A
R
625.034
2

220
The power supplied by one side of connecting wire =
0.034
625.034
2

220
The total power supplied =
0.034 2 = 0.0084 w = 8.4 mw
625.034
6.

E = 220 v

P = 60 w

R=

V
220 220
220 11
=
=

P
60
3

(a) E = 180 v

P=

V2
180 180 3
=
= 40.16 40 w
R
220 11
33.1

Thermal & Chemical Effects of Electric Current

(b) E = 240 v

P=

V2
240 240 3
=
= 71.4 71 w
R
220 11
1% of 220 V = 2.2 v

7.

Output voltage = 220 1%

8.

V2
(220 )2
=
= 484
P
100
(a) For minimum power consumed V1 = 220 1% = 220 2.2 = 217.8
V
217.8
i= 1 =
= 0.45 A
R
484
Power consumed = i V1 = 0.45 217.8 = 98.01 W
(b) for maximum power consumed V2 = 220 + 1% = 220 + 2.2 = 222.2
V
222.2
i= 2 =
= 0.459
R
484
Power consumed = i V2 = 0.459 222.2 = 102 W
V = 220 v
P = 100 w
The resistance of bulb R =

R=

9.

V2
220 220
=
= 484
P
100

P = 150 w

V=

P = 1000

V = 220 v

Mass of water =

PR =

150 22 22 = 22 150 = 269.4 270 v

R=

V2
48400
=
= 48.4
P
1000

1
1000 = 10 kg
100

Heat required to raise the temp. of given amount of water = mst = 10 4200 25 = 1050000
Now heat liberated is only 60%. So

V2
T 60% = 1050000
R

(220 )2 60
10500 1

T = 1050000 T =

nub = 29.16 min.

48.4 100
6
60
10. Volume of water boiled = 4 200 cc = 800 cc
T2 = 100C
T2 T1 = 75C
T1 = 25C
Mass of water boiled = 800 1 = 800 gm = 0.8 kg
Q(heat req.) = MS = 0.8 4200 75 = 252000 J.
1000 watt hour = 1000 3600 watt-sec = 1000 3600 J
252000
No. of units =
= 0.07 = 7 paise
1000 3600
(b) Q = mST = 0.8 4200 95 J

0.8 4200 95
= 0.0886 0.09
1000 3600
Money consumed = 0.09 Rs = 9 paise.
11. P = 100 w
V = 220 v
Case I : Excess power = 100 40 = 60 w
60 60
= 36 w
Power converted to light =
100
No. of units =

(220)2
= 82.64 w
484
Excess power = 82.64 40 = 42.64 w

Case II : Power =

Power converted to light = 42.64

60
= 25.584 w
100
33.2

Thermal & Chemical Effects of Electric Current

P = 36 25.584 = 10.416

10.416
100 = 28.93 29%
36
6
12
5
12
12. Reff =
1 =
i=
=
Amp.
5 / 2 5
8
2
Required % =

1
6

12
2 2i
5
24
24
3
8i =
i =
=
Amp
5
58
5
12 3
9
i i =
Amp
=
5 5
5
i 6 = (i i)2 i 6 =

i
2
i-i

9 9
2 15 60 = 5832
5 5
2000 J of heat raises the temp. by 1K
5832 J of heat raises the temp. by 2.916K.
(b) When 6 resistor get burnt Reff = 1 + 2 = 3
2

(a) Heat = i RT =

6
= 2 Amp.
3
Heat = 2 2 2 15 60 = 7200 J
2000 J raises the temp. by 1K
7200 J raises the temp by 3.6k
6
6
2
a = 46 10 v/deg,
b = 0. 48 10 v/deg
13. = 0.001C
2
6
6
2
Emf = aBlAg +(1/2) bBlAg = 46 10 0.001 (1/2) 0.48 10 (0.001)
9
12
9
8
= 46 10 0.24 10 = 46.00024 10 = 4.6 10 V
2
14. E = aAB + bAB
aCuAg = aCuPb bAgPb = 2.76 2.5 = 0.26 v/C
bCuAg = bCuPb bAgPb = 0.012 0.012 vc = 0
5
E = aAB = (0.26 40) V = 1.04 10 V
15. = 0C
aCu,Fe = aCu,Pb aFe,Pb = 2.76 16.6 = 13.8 v/C
2
BCu,Fe = bCu,Pb bFe,Pb = 0.012 + 0.030 = 0.042 v/C
i=

a
13.8
=
C = 328.57C
b
0.042
16. (a) 1eq. mass of the substance requires 96500 coulombs
Since the element is monoatomic, thus eq. mass = mol. Mass
23
6.023 10 atoms require 96500 C
Neutral temp. on

96500
19
C = 1.6 10 C
6.023 10 23
(b) Since the element is diatomic eq.mass = (1/2) mol.mass
23
(1/2) 6.023 10 atoms 2eq. 96500 C
1 atoms require

96500 2
19
= 3.2 10 C
6.023 10 23
17. At Wt. At = 107.9 g/mole
I = 0.500 A
[As Ag is monoatomic]
EAg = 107.9 g
1 atom require =

E
107.9
=
= 0.001118
f
96500
M = Zit = 0.001118 0.5 3600 = 2.01

ZAg =

33.3

Thermal & Chemical Effects of Electric Current

18. t = 3 min = 180 sec
w=2g
6
E.C.E = 1.12 10 kg/c
3
6
3 10 = 1.12 10 i 180
i=
19.

3 10 3
1.12 10 6 180

1
10 2 15 Amp.
6.72

H2
2g
22.4L
m = Zit

20. w1 = Zit

E1
w
= 1
E2
w2

1L

2
22.4

1
2
2
96500
=
= 1732.21 sec 28.7 min 29 min.
5T T =

96500
22.4
22.4
5
3 96500
mm
1=
2 1.5 3600 mm =
= 26.8 g/mole
2 1.5 3600
3 96500
w
107.9
107.9 3

= 1 w1 =
= 12.1 gm
1
26.8
mm

3
2

Thickness = 0.1 mm
21. I = 15 A
Surface area = 200 cm ,
3
Volume of Ag deposited = 200 0.01 = 2 cm for one side
For both sides, Mass of Ag = 4 10.5 = 42 g

E
107.9
=
m = ZIT
F 96500
107.9
42 96500
42 =
= 2504.17 sec = 41.73 min 42 min
15 T T =
107.9 15
96500
22. w = Zit
107 .9
2.68 =
i 10 60
96500
2.68 965
I=
= 3.99 4 Amp
107.9 6
2
Heat developed in the 20 resister = (4) 20 10 60 = 192000 J = 192 KJ
23. For potential drop, t = 30 min = 180 sec
Vi = Vf + iR 12 = 10 + 2i i = 1 Amp
ZAg =

107.9
1 30 60 = 2.01 g 2 g
96500
2
4
2
24. A= 10 cm 10 cm
6
t = 10m = 10 10
4
6
2
10
8
3
Volume = A(2t) = 10 10 2 10 10 = 2 10 10 = 2 10 m
8
5
Mass = 2 10 9000 = 18 10 kg
5
7
W = Z C 18 10 = 3 10 C
m = Zit =

q=
V=

18 10 5
3 10 7

= 6 10

W
2
2
= W = Vq = 12 6 10 = 76 10 = 7.6 KJ
q

33.4

20

<>