"J- T.

LENORUM

STANDARD

AMERICAN

NATIONAL
CODE

PLUMBING
FOR

REQUIREMENTS

MINIMUM

PLUMBING

ASAA40.8-I955
UDC-696.1.001.3

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SOCIET

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STANDARD

AMERICAN

NATIONAL
CODE

PLUMBING
REQUIREMENTS

MINIMUM

AQA
HOH

FOR

PLUMBING

CHAPTERS

A^nfi1QSS

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14

APPENDICES

UDC-696.1.001.3

S^poniori
The American
The American

THE

AMERICAN

Public Health

Association

Societyof Mechanical

SOCIETY

Engineers

OF

MECHANICAL

29 West

39th Street,New

ENGINEERS

York

18, N. Y.

ft Sl^^
6

^ ^

"

ARCH

ARTS

FINE

LIBRARY

Copyright,
SOCIETY

AMERICAN

THE

Printed

Any

of

part
from

with

the

Engineers,

this

standard

29

West

of

39th

be

may

the

MECHANICAL

in

publisher,

Street,

New

ENGINEERS

U.S.A.

Credit

quoted.

Plumbing

National

Standard

American

permission

1955

OF

The

York

American

IS,

N.Y.

lines

should

Code

(ASA

Society

tracted
"Ex-

read:
A40
of

.8-1955)

Mechanical

FOREWORD

need

THE

for

for

requirements
the

for

country

and

requirements

of

the

U.S.

in

the

This

In

of

MasterPlumbers
and

1933

formed

addition

BMS66
basis

the

of

ordinances
its

Sectional

this

in

Central

Construction
of

provisions
plumbing.

also

have
of

type

In

design

the

regulating

governing

made

the

wartime

Cities

equipment.

icipal
mun-

equipment

Association

under
in

Subcommittee
U.S.

of

the

scope

of
of

Plumbing
of

procedure
1928.
of

Plumbing

Department
task

the

August,

on

the

of

Sectional

up

was

minimum
Committee

Standards

American
in

1934,

Code

Building

Commerce

setting

the

A40,

Equipment,

Therefore,
the

for

Requirements

Minimum

on

Standardization

organized

to

of

ing
Plumb-

was

of

the

Committee

and

Plumbing

added

this

Manual"

laws

National

installation.

The

the

of

"Plumbing

rules

The

crf^Plumbing

regulation

of
quirements
Re-

"Standard

its

revision

enacted

and

revisions

1932.

and

plum.bing
and

in

'Design,

for

mended
"Recom-

Minimum

Research,

have

states

many

installation

latest"

this

Dwellings

several

by

of

BH2

in

published

on

report

Plumbing

mittee
Com-

work

of

1924

issued

Subcommittee-

the

1940

Code

Building

in

made

was

^Recommended

was

the

Committee

issued

was

code
influence

The

followed

I^H13

Plumbing."

in

Housing

and

various

direction

Commerce.

for

was

for
Association

and

to

considerable

the

publication

entitled

last,

Code"

the

Requirements

Buildings".

which

which

throughout
time

recommended

this

in
of

of

Department

Minimum
Similar

effort

Plumbing

on

resulted

committee

1942.

had

have

comprehensive

Subcommittee

the

by

and

early

An

From

minimum

codes.

local

on

time

published

these

of

some

have

of

code

recognized

been

time.

field

this

in

organizations

has

plumbing

considerable

standard

accepted

generally

A40.

of

the

discontinued,

requirements

the

when

Committee

for

ASA

ing
plumb-

this
the
in

Subcommittee

April, 1936,

In

and

task

1936

years

to

little

1939,
committee

interested

be

it held

although

to

this

July, 1939,

known

No.

number

of

to

meetings
made.

was

was

appointed

was

discharged
organizations
invited
to
nam.e
subject were
subcommittee
representative

this

develop

tentative

the

study

to

codes

plumbing

draft

of

during

However,

representatives on a new
be
Standard
to
duty it would
develop an American
The
Code.
organization meeting of Subcommittee
York
held
in New
a
on
April l6, 1941, at which

whose

take
under-

and

official

to

organized

was

progress

was

in

No.

Standard

subgroup

available

now

American

an

ing
Plumb-

and

Plumbing

thirty(30) national
organizations and government
No.
bodies
1.
were
represented on Subcommittee
in April, 1941,
The
its first meeting
drafting subgroup held
followed
conferences.
by numerous
meetings and informal
issued
in the
Its first report
was
spring of 1942 in the form
which
distributed
of seven
sections
code
of the proposed
were
and
criticism
and
individuals
interested
to
organizations for
its second
and
These
comment.
were
favorably received
very
1944,
sections, dated
June,
covering eight additional
report
and
also
considered
with
favorable
met
a
was
reception.
Code.

At

the

time

and
the
committee
approval of the sectional
sors,
sponthis
submitted
the
American
Standards
to
proposal was
and
A^ssociation
American
for approval
as
an
designation
and
the
This
standard.
comwas
given on February 17, 1949,
nittee
was
discharged.
of
the
Following
publication of this standard, the sponsors

Following

:he

A40

lad

developed

participate
of

in

various

in

to

other

of

parts

effort

concerted

several

that

project, recognizing

been

the

plumbing

codes

agreed to
requirements

country,

Ifarmonize

the

was
a
Accordingly,
coordinating committee
of representatives
of organizations
formed, composed
ing
sponsorand
the
codes,
charged with
responsibility of
plumbing
for
code
of practical minimum
a
producing
safety standards
issued
committee
a
plumbing equipment within
buildings. This
of its findings in 1951.
report

codes.

these

The

in
the

U.S.

Bureau

and

requirements
the

field

of

Department
of Standards,

University
Center,
laboratories.

of

recommendations

Commerce,

Washington,

Illinois, U.S.

Cincinnati,
This

partly

plumbing
of

Public

Ohio,

research

based

were

financed

conducted

D.C.,
Health

by
at

the

University
Service

on

search
re-

and

HHFA

National
of

Iowa,

tal
Environmen-

nationally recognized
of
understanding
brought greater
and

other

of

phenomena

trie

service

and

the

to

and

antiquated

the

all

the
few

of

It

Code

and

as

or

nearly
revisions.

by

Plumbing

American

the

draft

the
Code.

This

zations,
organi-

sponsor

Standards

Association,

Standard

interested

persons

plumbing

which

comments

up

to

date

in

inspectors,

administrators,

housing

submit

phase

any

into

the

vey
sur-

favorable;

incorporated

American

an

in

considered

by

basis

conducted

were

approval

as

as

need.

long-felt

National

the

report

under

date

1955.

plumbers,

as

time

to

guide

overwhelmingly

were

following

that

hoped

is

health

to

25,

January

either

and

this

interested

improvement

designation

received

be

with

or

authoritative

project

A40

to

Standard

submitted

was

for

standard,

the

response

committee,

was

and

The

American

proposed

fill

of
known

suggestions

proposed

carefully

codes

an

that

would

organizations

coordinating
of

indicated

sponsors

project.

for

eager

Standard,

American

of

and

conditions,

Therefore,

the

brought

in

plumbing

without

codes

plumbing

an

of

experience
resulted

members

municipalities

improving

for

plumbing

practical

the

committee

within

report.

Cities

to

the

by

work

weighed

with

combined

pneumatics

and

hydraulics

as

and
will

possible

be

the

plumbing

sanitary

engineers,

others,

will

helpful

in

in

its

field

from

keeping

subsequent

time
the
tions
edi-

A40

STANDAPD

AMERICAN

Sponsors
AMERICAN

PUBLIC

AMERICAN

NATIONAL

HEALTH

SOCIETY

of

PLUMBING

ASSOCIATION

MECHANICAL

CODE

Executive

Dawson,

Vincent

Dean

Engineering
College
State
University of Iowa

Nat'l

of

Iowa

COMMITTEE

COORDINATING

Chairman
F.M.

ENGINEERS

City,

Plumbing

4513

Iowa

Secretary
T.

Potomac

Washington
Public

American

Uiiliam

Cary,

H.

F.N?.

H.

Morgan
Manas

T.

Vincent

of

Society
Herbert

Sanitary

Engineering

Schaller

L.

Homer

Yetman

Richard

Tait

Officials

Conference

Glen

Shields

Carl

Bash

Conference

of

State

Malcolm
Earl

C.

Sanitary

of

America

Engineers

Hope

Devendorf

National

Association

Henry
John

A.

Stephen
H.

Plumbing

Contractors

Landers

Rhoades

M.

Plumbing
Robert

of

Blank

S.

William

G.

Engineers

Dawson

Albert

American

Mechanical

of

Society

American

Jr.

Fuhrman

Ralph

Western

7,

Association

Health

A.

Officials

Wood

I. Smoot

Hilliker

Association

Commitcee

Ave.,

Cowles

M.W.

Building

Manas

Code

D.C.

N.W.

Advisor

Technical

N.

Herbert

Eaton

Advisor

Research

Wyly

S.

Robert

Bureau

National

Advisor

Sanitary Engineering
Malcolm

C.

AGENCIES

COOPERATING

Housing

of

Department

Laboratory

Commerce

Research

Standards,

of

Bureau

National

Agency

Finance

Home

and

Thompson

N.

George

S.

Hope

Advisor

Editorial

U.

of Standards

John

Research

Plumbing

L.

University of Iowa,
of Engineering

State
Dean

F.

Advisory Committee
George

N.

of the
of

the

Coordinating

Chairman

Thompson,

Department
Department

the

to

Laurence

of

Committee

of

Arthur

Navy

R.

Veterans
General

Agriculture

Administration
Services

Administration
.

U.S.

Public

Housing

and

Office

of

Health
Home
the

Finance

Lewis

L.

N.

C.

Hepburn

E.

W.

Goodwin

Laurence

Agency.

F.
.

"

Thompson

N.

George
Harry

Malcolm

Geiger

R.

J. Potbury

Garver

Service

Administrator

Secretary

Shuman,

Army

Commerce

Wyly

Dawson

M.

C.A.

Department
Department

French

S.

Robert

W.

C.

Hope

Shuman
McGhan

CONTENTS

Foreword

iii

Plumbing

National

Committees

Code

vi

ix

Principles

Basic

13

Chapter

1.

Definitions

Chapter

2.

General

Chapter

3.

Materials

Chapter

4.

Joints

Chapter

5.

Traps

Chapter

6.

Interceptors,

26

Regulations
and

Quality

"

and

33

Weight

41

Connections

and

46

Cleanouts

Separators

Backwater

and

51

Valves
7.

Plumbing

Chapter

8.

Hangers

and

Chapter

9.

Indirect

Waste

Chapter

10.

Water

Chapter

11.

Drainage

Chapter

12.

Vents

Chapter

13.

Storm

Chapter

14.

Inspection,

(The

following

standard

but

67

Supports
and

Piping
and

Supply

Special

and

73

Distribution

84

Venting

93

Drains

added

104
and

Tests

are

for

not

part

of

Water

Appendix

B.

Individual

Sewage-Disposal

Appendix

C.

Air

Backwater

Preventers

Water-Supply

D.

Sizing

Appendix

E.

Suggested

Appendix

T.C.

Trailer

Coach

Appendix

T.P.

Trailer

Park

System

Standards

Fountain

Appendix

1 14

Supply

Individual

the

the

information.)

A.

Drinking

110

Maintenance

Appendix

Gaps,

69

Wastes.

System

appendixes
are

56

Fixtures

Chapter

System

118

and
128

134
151

Sections

Standards
Standards

157
I66

PRINCIPLES

BASIC

The

basic

of

properly designed,

through

maintained

plumbing

construction

principles

the
health

but

of

the

accomplishment
ly
adequate-

basic

results

details

the

of

Some

The

of

basic

as

installed, and

acceptably

vary,

same.

enunciated

are

worthy

systems.

must

are

Code

this

sanitation

environmental

in

goals

principles

sanitary

desired

the

and

of

plumbing
safety

and

to

necessary

same
people are
everywhere.
of the
not
are
legally a part
following principles
serious
unforeseen
Code,
Furthermore,
they merit
as
study.
arise
in
the
situations
which
covered
not
are
body of the Code,
the
the
define
intent.
to
serve
principles may

the

protect

the

While

Principle

No.

No.

shall

of

pressures
and

intended

premises
shall

use

be

subject

hazards

habitation*^

human

with

connected

the

to

for

-provided

neither

water,

supplies nor
siphonage.
Principle

All

"

or

occupancy,
wholesome
and

at

the

of

of

supply

with

unsafe

backflow

pure
water

back-__i

or

and
fixtures, devices,
Plumbing
ances
appurtenvolume
and
in sufficient
be
supplied with water
function
torily
satisfacthem
to
adequate to enable
2

"

undue

without

noise

under

all

normal

conditions

use.

Principle
use

No.

shall
Plumbing
quantity of
cleaning.

"

minimum

the

performance

and

designed

be

and

with

consistent

water

proper
"

Devices
for heating and
4
Principle No.
storing water
be
and
installed
to
so
as
designed
dangers
prevent
through overheating.

shall

"

Principle

No.

stalled
use

the

and

building having

Every

"

intended

premises

on

which

there

is

for

abutting
a

public

human
on

sewer

tol

adjusted

plumbing

habitation,
street,

shall

fixtures

occupancy,

alley,
have

from

or

easement

connection

plosion
ex-

in-or

in
with

sewer.

Principle
on

No.
a

6
sewer

"

Each
or

ting
family dwelling unit on premises abuta
private sewage-disposal
syste m

with

'

BASIC

shall

have,

sink.

It is

shower

or

shall

other

shall

system
less

than

on

basic

the

meet

for human

requirements

or

occupancy

with

or

sewer

have

closet

and

use

ses
premi-

on

private sewage-disposal

adequate sanitary facilities

water

one

to

kitchen-type
lavatory and batntub
one

personal hygiene.

structures

abutting

and

that

installed

be

and

closet

water

one

recommended

further

of sanitation

All

least,

at

PRINCIPLES

other

one

but

in

fixture

no

case

for cleansing

purposes.

Principle

No.

nonabsorbent

material,

surfaces, and

shall

Principle

No.

so

solids,

No.

of durable

the

The

"

material,

10

free

system

be

be

the

from

fouling

be

structed,
designed, conposit
guard against fouling,de-

with

adequate

cleanouts

readily cleaned.
plumbing

shall

system

defective
to

as

smooth

enclosures.

shall

and

of

piping

workmanship and
give satisfactoryservice

be
so

for

life.
fixture

Each

"

shall

to

as

of

concealed

from

system

clogging,
pipes may

expected

No.

so

made

be

in ventilated

located

constructed

its reasonable

Principle

and

free

be

drainage

that

and

designed

shall

maintained

arranged

Principle

The

"

and
of

be

shall

fixtures

Plumbing

"

directly

equipped

with

connected

to

water-seal

the

age
drain-

trap.

shall
The
be
designed to
drainage system
Principle No. 11
of air in all pipes with
no
provide an adequate circulation
danger of siphonage, aspiration, or forcing of trap seals
"

under

conditions

Principle No.
air

and

clogging
Principle
such
in the

12

be

No.

tests

the

13
as

Each

"

installed

so

and

of ordinary

return

The

"

will

vent
as

use.

terminal
to

of foul

shall

minimize
air

to

plumbing system
effectivelydisclose

extend

to

the

outer

the

the

possibilities
building.

shall

be

all leaks

subjected
and

of

to

defects

work.

substance
14
No
which
will clog the pipes,
Principle No.
produce explosive mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints.
"

PRINCIPLES

BASIC

or

interfere

be

allowed

Principle

unduly
to

No.

Proper protection shall

of food, water,
sterile

"

contamination
materials

backflow

by

device,
the

or

of

16

No.

compartment

Principle

No.

17

installed

are

of

of

treatment

sewage
No.

subject
to

Principle
a

is

If

to

18

building
and

19

located

be

other

there

by

sewage

in

and

ture,
fixwith

is

no

within
be

made

accepted

some

room

fixtures

sewer

shall

ventilated.

plumbing

provision

for

method

drainage

system

in the

provision
building.
shall

systems

shall

be

maintained

be

condition.

be

may

suitable

sewage,

overflow

serviceable

and

sanitary

where

Plumbing

the

indirectly

lighted

or

plumbing

of

its

vent
pre-

disposal.

Where

prevent

No.

closets

suitable

backflow

shall

properly

not

buildings

the

to

similar

necessary,

connected

be

closet

water

distance,

disposing

made

water

in

reasonable

Principle

No

"

provided
goods, and

system.

which

"

shall

shall

process

be

When

sewage.

appliance

or

building drainage

Principle

sewage-disposal
building drainage system.

the

enter

15

the

with

in

definition

See

"Plumbing."
Principle
with

regard

their

intended

Principle
;"i,ardto
and

20

No.

All

spacing

to

Principle

No.

21

of

of

fixture
No.

installed

so

accessible

for

system

shall

the

installed

be

strength

damage

of

walls

to

with

structural
and

due

re-

members

other

surfaces

usage.

22

waters

through

be

reasonably

shall

Plumbing

preservation

which

waterway

be

to

as

shall

use.

prevention

through

fixtures

plumbing

Sewage

unless

subjection

deleterious

be

may
not

be

other

or

discharged
it
to

has
some

first

from

waste,
to

into
been

acceptable

surface
the

or

ground
rendered

form

of

plumbine

sub-surface
or

into

any

innocuoui,
treatment.

Standard

American

CODE

PLUMBING

NATIONAL

Chapter
DEFINITIONS

GENERAL

1.1

have

of
purpose
indicated
meaning

the

attempt
in accordance

used

where

except
to

necessary

with

its

to

has

meaning

the

code,

in

their

word

the

define

this

made

is

No

1.1.2.
are

the

For

1.1.1.
shall

following
chapter.

this
define

ordinary words
established
dictionary
and
been
loosely used
used

as

in

code

this

terms

which
ing
mean-

to

it

is

avoid

misunderstanding.

rather

than

according

1.2

the

Because

1.1. 3"

the

to

DEFINITION

the

individual

and

authorized

OF

the
water

to

flood-level

the

by

air

terms

arranged alphabetically

are

term

define

to

rather

than

the

noun.

TERMS

state,

by
plumbing

An

is

purpose

The

Administrative

official, board, department,

of the

Gap,

of

Authority.

created

Air

word

first

Administrative

definitions

the

words,

primary

county,

law

or

administer

to

code

in

city,

or

adopted

as

agency
other
and

or

Authority

is

established

political

enforce

the

division
subvisions
pro-

amended.

is the
water-supply
obstructed
unsystem
vertical
distance
tween
bethrough the free atmosphere
lowest
opening from
pipe or faucet
supplying
any
other
device
tank, plumbing
and
the
fixture, or
rim of the receptacle.

Anchors.

See

gap

Supports.

January, 1955
13

NATIONAL

STANDARD

AMERICAN

PLUMBING

CODE

Approved,
Approved means
accepted or acceptable under
an
applicable specification stated or cited in this code, or
for the proposed use
under procedures and
accepted as suitable
of
the
Administrative
Authority.
powers
Area

Drain.

surface

An

mixtures,

Backflow

Backflow
Backflow
to

an

the

water

Backflow
backflow

whereby

Preventer.

Battery of Fixtures.
similar

more

horizontal

common

Boiler

into

Blow-Off.

Branch.
than

the

or

Fixture.

is

stack

no

potable
is

from

one

floor

from

back

plumbing
negative

or

system.

flowing
a

to

device

of

fixture

pressure

feet

of

outlet

an

the

on

boiler

piping system

other

Branch.

interval

general

to

or

horizontal

the

building

length of soil
story height, but

is

which

within
of

of

Branch,

branch

story

or

water

the

is

Horizontal

See
A

than

is

of sediment.

Fixture

corresponding in

less

case

is

branch.

part

any
stack.

Branch, Horizontal.

waste

its intended

condition

or

preventer

blow-off

boiler

See

Interval.

soil

or

discharge

or

main, riser,

Branch

than

"battery of fixtures" is any group

adjacent fixtures which
discharge into

branch

Branch,

waste

permit emptying

to

liquids,
potable

occur.

can

backflow

backflow

prevent

connection

used, contaminated, or polluted water

vessel
into a water-supply pipe due
or
such
in
pipe. (See backflow.)

or

of

other

sources

or

Back'Siphonage, Back-siphonage

two

other

or

distributing
pipes

source

any

of

flow

lect
col-

to

area.

open

the

into

Connection.

arrangement

means

from

receptacle designed

(See back-siphonage.)

source.

any

is

is

from

water

drain

water

substances

or

of

supply

rain

or

Backflow.

area

are

in

branches

connected

to

the

one

or

built, erected,

and

stack.
Branch

Vent.

individual

more

Building.
framed

vents

of component

branch
with

building

vent

is

vent

stack

is

structural

structure

parts
14

vent
or

connecting
stack

designed

vent.

for the

housing,

NATIONAL

STANDARD

AMERICAN

PLUMBING

CODE

regulations, subsequent amendments

thereto, or any emergency
rule or
the
Administrative
regulation which
Authority having
lawfully adopt.
jurisdiction
may
Combination

combining
sink

Fixture.
and
sink

one

tray in

or

storm

one

and

water

Combination
vent

or

flow

line

Common

the

fixture

three-compartment

combined

building sewer

System. A combination
specially designed system

horizontal

by

sized

ceives
re-

of

means

provide

to

of

venting

wet

one

free

movement

is

vent

waste

or

more

and

waste

common

waste

of

of

vent

air

above

drain.

of the

Vent.

two

fixture

of

junction

two-

is

Vent

drains

pipe adequately
the

and

is

system
floor

fixture
or

sewage.

Waste

piping embodying
sinks

or

tray

unit.

Building Sewer.

Combined

and

combination

vent

common

and

drains

connecting

serving

as

for both

vent

the

at

fixtures.
Conductor.

See

Continuous

Vent.

is

continuation

Continuous
three

or

Leader.

of

unknown

from

the

on

(See Backflow
Dead

means

of

plug

or

is the

nominal

two

contains
the

end

is

developed
other

Developed Length.
length along the center
Diameter.

drain

Unless
diameter

from

two

is any physical connection

otherwise
piping
separate

potable

branch

closed
The
line

or

the

two

may
pending
de-

flow

systems.
*-J

building
of

other

water

of

leading

distance

the

and

water

direction

other, the

pipe, building drain,

at

single trap.

between

to

dead

vent

waste,
is tetminated

is

waste

questionable safety, whereby

or

that

vent

connects.

differential between
pressure
and
Back-Siphonage).

End.
or

it

vertical

cross-connection

system

one

which

to

to

is

vent

continuous

connected

arrangement
of which
one

systems,
flow

Waste.

-Connection.
or

water

drain

of the

fixtures

Cross

continuous

from

sewer,

feet

or

soil,
which

by

more

fitting.

developed length of a pipe

of the pipe and fittings.

is

its

"diameter'"
specifically stated, the term
as
designated commercially.
16

DEFINITIONS

Double

double

Offset.

in succession

installed

Drain.

drain

water-borne

of direction

changes

two

in continuous

pipe.

carries waste
pipe which
building drainage system.

is
in

wastes

Drainage System.

cludes
drainage system
(drainage piping) inpiping within public or privatepremises, which

all the

rain water,

sewage,

but

other

or

does

liquid wastes

include

to

the

legal

of

mains
not
disposal,
or
or
private
public sewage-treatment
system

of

sewer

or

Drainage System.

point

water

any

See

Drainage Piping.

conveys

series

or

is

Leader.

See

Downspout.

offset

or

public
disposal

to

describe

plant.
Dual
Durham
soil

See

Vent.

Common
Durham

System.

is

system

where

systems

waste

or

Vent.

all

used

term

of threaded

is

piping

recessed

such

tubing, or

pipe,
age
drain-

rigidconstruction, using
fittings correspond to the types of piping.
other
to

cross-sectional

the

at

area

expressed
(2) if the opening is not
equivalent cross-sectional
measured

or

opening is the minimum

water-supply discharge,

effective

The

Effective Opening.

in

point

of

terms

circular,

the

diameter
is

(This

area.

of

(1) diameter

of

of

circle,
of

circle

air

applicable to

gap.)

Existing Work
thereof

part
of this

has

installed

been

to

Fixture

Branch.

fixture

Drain,
the

fixture

junction of

Fixture
the

Supply.

Unit.

fixture

is the

drain with

fixture

load-producingeffects
of plumbing fixtures

chosen

or
system
the effective

prior to

branch

drain

that

connecting the fixture with

kinds

plumbing

any

date

is

pipe connecting

fixtures.

Fixture
fixture

work

Code.

Fixture
several

which

is

Existing

the
unit

drain
any

supply is

from

other

the

drain

trap of

pipe.

water-supply pipe

fixture branch.
is

of which
quantity in terms
the plumbing system
of different
on
are
expressed on some
arbitrarily

scale.

17

Flow

Fixture-Unit
the

provides
of

unit

of

in gpm
flow rate
Fixtures

flow.

flow

that

by

particularplumbing

rated

are

is the

rate

divided

fixture

single

of

CODE

PLUMBING

Fixture-unit

Rate.

flow

discharge

NATIONAL

STANDARD

AMERICAN

of

multiples

as

total

7.5 which

fixture
this

as

of

unit

flow.

Flood

Level.

Flood-Level

the

to

water

fixture

is

the

similar

rim

is the

flooded

when

valve

flush

tank

liquid therein

the

for

the

is

of

purpose

located

device

flushing

Valve.

flushometer

valve

is

water
discharges a predetermined quantity
and
direct
is
actuated
water
by
flushingpurposes

Frostproof Closet.
in the

water

Grade,
to

Grade

and

plane.

fraction

In

of

an

Interceptor. See

Grease

Trap.

See

See

Horizontal

the

or

without
soil

or

Horizontal
which
House

makes

closets

fall of

to

for

pressure.

hopper

the

which

fixtures

control

that
valve

has
for

line.

line of

pipe in reference
drainage it is usually expressed as
inch per foot length of pipe.
a

Interceptor.

from

horizontal

A
a

vertical

waste

one

stack

soil

or

See

or

to

the

Building Drain.
18

or

branches,
drains

drain

means

any

45 deg. with

pipe

tending
ex-

building drain,
which
and

building (house)

pipe
than

is

stack

fixture

more

or

branch

waste

or

sections

Pipe. Horizontal
an
angle of more

Drain,

frost

device

Supports.

Branch.

discharge
the

the

Interceptor.

laterallyfrom
with

the

slope or

is

trap and

the

below

Grease

Hangers.

to

has

installed
is the

horizontal

the fall in

frostproofcloset

bowl

supply

water

rises

at

water

of

its

of the

fixtures.

Flushometer

no

edge

top

overflows.

rim.

Valves.
of

bottom

and

which

flood-level

Flush

flood-level

The

Rim.

receptacle from
Flooded.

Flooded.

See

conducts

it

drain.

pipe
the

receives

or

fitting

vertical.

DEFINITIONS

House

Sewer.

House

Trap,

Indirect
does

liquid

pipe is a pipe that

Pipe. An indirect waste
directlywith the drainage system but conveys
ceptacle
by discharging into a plumbing fixture or rethe drainage system.
is directlyconnected
to

Waste

wastes

which

Individual
vent

above

Vent.

fixture

Building Trap.

See

connect

not

individual

An
and

which

trap
served

the fixture

Industrial
and

the
free

are

wastes

in

the

vent

to

system

air.

open

are

employed

processes
of fecal

Insanitary. Contrary

in the

installed

pipe

with

terminates

or

is

vent

connects

Industrial

Wastes.

from

Sewer.

Building

See

liquid

wastes

industrial

sulting
re-

ments
establish-

matter.

sanitary principles injurious

to

to

"

health.

so

to

as

undesirable

and

separate
from

matter

liquid

or

interceptor is

An

Interceptor.

wastes

normal

and

designed

stalled
in-

deleterious,hazardous, or
and permit normal
age
sew-

wastes

discharge

to

device

retain

into

the

disposal

terminal

by gravity.

Leaching
in

roof

Individual

See

(downspout) is the water

drain, combined
building storm
of disposal.

the

means

is the

Liquid Waste.
Liquid waste
appliance, or appurtenance,
system
Load
in

with

Local
on

the

the

Load

factor
rate

total flow

unit

Ventilating
Pipe.
from

of the

room

or

ture,
fix-

any
a

ing
plumb-

matter.

percentage

which

is

this

from

with

is the

above

probabilityfactor
side

fecal

from

buildingsewer,

discharge

It varies

drainage system.

fixture

is removed

conductor

in connection

receive

not

fixture unit flow

the
the

and

does

which

Factor.

connected

point

tem
Sewage-Disposal Sys-

leader

A
to

other

or

Pit.

or

Appendix.

Leader.
the

Well

of

likelyto
with

the

the

occur

type

total
at

of

any
cupancy,
oc-

point being considered,

of simultaneous

use.

ventilatingpipe is a pipe
through which vapor or foul air

local

trap
fixture.

19

AMERICAN

Loop

STANDARD

Vent.

that

it

vent

stack.

The

principal artery

same

as

circuit

vent

except

instead

vent

continuous

which

to

system,

CODE

stack

of

system

any

of the

PLUMBING

with

connects

of

main

is the

vent

and

back

loops

Main.

loop

NATIONAL

of

is the

piping

branches

be

may

con-

nected.
Main

Sewer.

Main

Vent.

The

venting system,
May.

word

The

is

at

main

"may"

is

word

dangerous

branches

sewered, drained, cleaned,

its

intended
food

human

actual

or

drink

or

elbows

offset

An
bends

or

line but into

Person,

line

is

or
corporation,
male
plural;

their

and

tilated,
sufficientlyvenin
reference
to
lighted,

not

renders

the

the

other

section.

or

pipe

of

out

of

heirs, executors,
firm, partnershipor

assigns.

cludes
Singular in-

female.

Grade.

any

of

the

facilities,the

is the

practice, materials, and

systems,

fixtures

alteration
in

nection
con-

following: Sanitary drainage or storm

venting system and the public or private
within

or

also

the

structure,
conveyance;
in the
installation, maintenance,
or

or

also

are

his

person,

includes

the

installation, maintenance, extension, and

of all piping, fixtures, appliances, and
appurtenances

drainage
water-supply

air

combination

of

section

one

successors

is

piping

in the

with

ever
what-

Code, nuisances.

of

natural

includes

Plumbing. Plumbing
used

assigns;

or

See

line

brings
parallel with

its

Pitch.

or

is

whatever

of this

which

Person

administrators

in

nuisance

ever
health; what-

to

supply unwholesome,

water

or

severally, in contemplation

Offset.

and

use;

public

detrimental

premises

or

term.

embraces

or

the

connected.

be

may

equity jurisprudence;and

in
life

building, structure,

of

principal artery

permissive

or

human

to

the

"nuisance"

law

common

is

vent
vent

The

known

Sewer.

which

to

Nuisance.
as

Public

See

adjacent to
practice and
extension,

building,
any
used
materials
or

alteration

of

and water-supply sysliquid-waste, or sewerage,

tems
connection
their
with
premises to
point of
any
public disposal or other acceptable terminal.
storm-water,
of any

20

DEFINITIONS

Installed
Plumbing fixtures are
ceptacles,
redevices, or appliances which
are
supplied with
which
receive
or
or
discharge liquids or liquid-borne
with or without
discharge into the drainage system with
they may be direcdy or indirectlyconnected.

Plumbing
water

wastes,

which

Fixtures.

Plumbing Inspector.

Authority.

The

Plumbing System.

plumbing system
distribution
pipes; plumbing
and vent
pipes; buildingdrains

and

supply

Administrative

See

the

fixtures

and

water-

traps;

building sewers
respective connections, devices, and appurtenances

soil, waste,
including their

the

within

includes

lines

property

of

the

and

premises,

and

water-

treatingor water-using equipment.

Pool,
a

plvmge

bather

at

pool

or

other

water

time.

Potable
for

receptacle used for swimming or as

than one
more
bath, designed to accommodate

is

Potable

Water.

Private

Use.

fixtures,private applies
and

to

installations

family or
Private
and

fixtures
where

purposes,

the

In
to

fixtures

fixtures

the

the

meets

of

classification

for

ments
apartsimilar

and

of hotels

intended

are

plumbing

and

in residences

privatebathrooms

in

satisfactory

and

Authority having jurisdiction.

requirements of the Health

or

is

which

water

domestic

drinking,culinary,and

Private

is

water

the

use

of

individual.

an

Sewer.

is a sewer
private sewer
privatelyowned
controlled
directly
by public authority.

not

Public

or

Public

Use.

the

In

classification

of

plumbing

fixtures,public applies to fixtures in general toilet rooms

of
railroad
schools, gymnasiums, hotels,
ings,
stations, public buildand
other
installations
bars, public comfort
stations,
(whether

pay
that their

so

Public
Public
controlled

or
use

vent

is

is

Sewer.

where

Administrative

is

public sewer
by public authority.

to

of fixtures

number

are

installed

similarlyunrestricted.

Official,See

ReliefVent,
which

free)

relief

provide

vent

is

circulation

systems.

21

vent

Authority,
a

common

the

sewer

directly

primary function of
drainage and

of air between

STANDARD

AMERICAN

Offset.

Return
so

to

as

Revent

the

return

revent

vent) is that

of

with

waste

part
individual

an

fixture, and

the

of

PLUMBING

offset

return

pipe

Pipe.

NATIONAL

is

CODE

double

offset

installed

its

originalalignment.
pipe (sometimes called an
vent
pipe line which connects
to

individual

directly

of wastes,
underneath
or
group
either to the main
branch
or

or

extends

back
vent

pipe.
Rim.
Riser.
one

rim is

an

unobstructed

is

riser

full story

or

water-supplypipe
to

more

Roughing-ln. Roughing-in is
which
can
plumbing system

the

of fixtures.

See

Interceptor.

sewage
Second

"

This

Hand.

storm,

surface,

hand

Second
is that

as

has

which

ing equipment
used, removed, and passed

to

of

receive

to

discharge

it

all parts

of

fixture supports.

sanitary sewer

and

fixtures.

stallation
completed prior to the inincludes
drainage, water-supply,

Interceptor.

excludes

installed

roof

ly
vertical-

or

be

necessary

and

extends

installation

the

the

Sanitary Sewer,

"

piping,and

vent

Sand

of

fixture.

branches

drain

of

which
to

water

convey

A roof drain
is
Roof Drain.
water
collectingon the surface
into the leader (downspout).

and

edge

open

to

is
and

pipe which
ground water.

applied to
been

another

carries

material

installed, and

ownership

or

or

has

plumbbeen

possession.

Separator. See

septic tank is a watertightreceptacle which

or
discharge of a drainage system
part thereof,
solids from
and is designed and constructed
as
to
so
separate
the liquid,digest organic matter
through a period of detention,
of the
the liquidsto discharge into the soil outside
and allow
tank
of
a
or
perforatedpiping, or
through
open-joint
system
disposalpit.
Septic Tank,

receives

Interceptor.
A

the

containing animal or
Sewage. Sewage is any liquidwaste
include
in suspension or
solution, and may
vegetable matter
in solution.
liquidscontaining chemicals
Shall.

The

word

"shall"

is

mandatory
22

term.

STANDARD

AMERICAN

Trap.

trap
to

as

which

will

weir

and

the

Vacuum

top of the

Vent

System.

vent

stack

any

flow

of air

provide

circulation

of

in

than

more

Waste.

back

free

premises
pipe to

Outlet.

position

or

and

Waste

(1)

to

tank

is

provide

to

or

protect

to

trap

seals

fittingwhich
an

which

of

from

water

other

is

only

conveys

water-distributingpipe

angle

Wastes.

pipe

(street) main

water

water

in

the

ing
buildwater-

outlets.

water-supply pipe

use.

water

with

the

discharge opening for

atmospheric pressure
(except
the water-supply system); (3)

into

used

outlet, as

is part

heating system;
equipment requiring water
plumbing system.
or

installed

pipes

pipe or
any
which
makes

pipe which
conveys
and
fixtures
plumbing

fixture; (2)
which

to

Industrial

matter.

is

water-distributing system,
an

or

and

to

vertical.

of fecal

pipe

system

is

pipe

is

installed

of air

drainage system

waste

the
The

Main.

is

pipe

the

DistributingPipe.

Water

open
boiler

pipe

vent

pressure.

with

public or community

water

vertical

such

vertical

deg.

Pipe.

Water
for

is

within

Liquid

liquid waste,

or

Preventer.

system
from
or

vertical

45

See

Waste

to

air

Pipe.

is installed

service

Backflow

vent

siphonage and

Vertical

it.

trap.

for the

System.
a

materially

through

water

of providing circulation
purpose
of
the
drainage system.
part

primarily

Water-

of the

See

Stack,

not

dip

Breaker.

Vent

from

waste

or

air without

vertical
trap seal is the maximum
depth of
will
the
between
retain, measured
trap
crown

See

of

passage

The

Pipe.

Vent

back

of sewage

Vent

from

CODE

the

flow

Trap Seal,
liquid that a

PLUMBING

structed
fittingor device so designed and conwhen
properly vented, a liquid seal
provide,

is

prevent

affectingthe

NATIONAL

to

of

(4)
to

in connection

the

to

any

operate,

24

the

to

water-operated device

or

of

the

but

not

part

REGULATIONS

GENERAL

Water

Riser

Pipe.

Water-Service
the

The

Pipe.

main

water

other

or

Riser.

See

water-service
of

source

water

pipe
supply

is the
to

pipe from
the building

served.

Water-SupplySystem,
or

premises

consists

and

valves,

water-supply system of
the
water-service
pipe,

of

distributing
pipes, and
control

The

the
all

building

the

water-

connecting pipes, fittings,

in or
adjacent to the
appurtenances
necessary

buildingor premises.
Wet

from

Vent.
wastes

Yoke
soil

or

Vent.
waste

pressure

wet

than

other
A

is

vent

yoke

stack

changes

to

water

vent
a

vent

in the

which

vent

receives

the

discharge 1

closets.
is

pipe connecting upward

stack

stacks.

25

for the

purpose

from

of preventing

Chapter
GENERAL

REGULATIONS

All

2.1.1

least

at

2.2

plumbing
with

the

Appendix

see

GRADE

Horizontal

alignment

at

hereafter

systems

provisions

shall

Code.

this

form
con-

stration,
admini-

(For

PIPING

DRAINAGE

drainage piping

uniform

of

installed

E)

HORIZONTAL

OF

2.2.1

CODE

WITH

CONFORMANCE

2.1

grade.

(See

shall

be

Chapter

run

in

-11

for

practical
specific

slopes.)
CHANGE

2.3

DIRECTION

IN

in direction
in drainage piping
Fittings. Changes
of 45-degree wyes,
shall be made
by the appropriate use
longbends,
or-short-sweep quarter bends, sixth, eighth, or sixteenth
combination
of
these
or
or
by a
equivalent fittings. Single and
and
used
in drainage
double
bends
be
sanitary tees
quarter
may
lines
of flow
the
is from
the
zontal
horidirection
only where

2.3.1

the

to

diameter

change

in

vertical

or

for

may
direction

from

making
above.

2.4

FITTINGS

2.4.1

be

used
of

the

in

flow

vertical

AND

sweeps
and
soil

the

to

quarter

placed

Heel
bend
in

or

shall

horizontal

the

3 inches
where

the

horizontal
and

ceiling

may
and

the

to

be

used

the

next

CONNECTIONS

fitting having

No

Side-Inlet
not

be

Bend.

used

as

position.
26

shall

branch

tee

drainage fitting. No running threads,

be
used
in the
No
drainage system.
shall be drilled or tapped.
2.4.2

waste

the

than

lines

horizontal,

between

Fittings Prohibited.
opposite to flow, or

direction

less

not

either

from

is

offsets

necessary

floor

Short

Sweeps.

Short

2.3.2
in

vertical.

bands, or
drainage

A
a

vent

heel
when

be

hub
used

saddles
vent

or

in the
as

shall

piping

side-inlet

or

the

inlet

is

REGULATIONS

GENERAL

Obstruction

2.4.3
or

flow

systems
resistance

to

flow,

acceptable
Authority as

in

this

of

the

bend

stub

or

of

2.28.3,

the

shall

the

to

REPAIR

and

described

Existing Buildings.

Code

plumbing

be

ing
vent-

frictional

normal

indicated

it is

as

Administrative

the

of

be

considered

in

Pars.

and

function

closet

3-inch

obstruction.

an

2 28.2,

2.28.1,

and

flow.

to

existing buildings or

In

installations
deviations

necessary
and

Code

are

be

to

are

from

the

approved

in

ises
prem-

altered, repaired,
of

provision

deviations

permitted,provided such

may
intent of the

the

ALTERATIONS

AND

renovated,

vice,
de-

continuing functioning

restriction

as

or

drainage or

enlargement
not

retards

acceptable
and

proper

shall

considered

unless

approved by

The

4 inches

be

is

or

desirable

methods

in which
or

Code

benefit

to

2.5.1

obstructs

used

be

plumbing system.

None

2.5

shall

having

as

fitting,connection,

No
which

air in the
or
wastes,
sewage,
than
the
in an
amount
greater

of water,

of ultimate

Flow.

to

installation

of

method

conform

this
the

strative
Admini-

the

writing by

to

Authority.
Health

2.5.2

of

provisions
which

his

or

agent

equipment

2.6

as

SEWER

pipes,

may

or

not

Wherever

fails

involve

to

health

install such

run

or

safety hazards, the owner

additional
plumbing or drainage
or

abate

or

pipes,
laid

or

in the

drainage piping,except

TRENCHING,

throughout

such

nuisance-

any

underground
trench

same

provided for

as

the

as

Support
its entire

EXCAVATION,
of

AND

in

wa'ter

ing
build-

Chapters

Buried

Piping.

BACKFILL

piping shall

be

supported /

length.

-'

2.7.2

Tunneling and Driving. Tunneling may

yards, courts, or driveways of any building site.
the

sance
nui-

11.

2.7.1

are

all the

alleviate

PIPES

service
be

with

compliance

eliirtinate

to

necessary

WATER

Water
shall

sewer

10 and

Code

be

AND

2.6.1

2.7

may
shall

Safety.

or

this

driven, the drive pipe shall

pipe to be laid.
27

be

at

least

one

size

be
When

done

in

pipes

largerthan

2.7.3
made

installation

for the

and

tested,

shall

to

or
building-drainagesystem,
any
a
building,shall be open trench
until the piping has been
inspected,

Excavation.

2.7.6

Mechanical

Material.

12

to

in.

above

not

contain

earth

which

other

materials

which

cause

corrosive

action.

shall

graders, etc.,
Fill shall

be

backfull

around

Trenches

shall

the

used

the

devices
to

of

process

must

backfilled
with

piping
the

such

as

in

Building Code

or

or

finished

as

the

replaced

clean

piping

or

to

grade

approved by

the

the

of

part

floors, walls,

building

shall

with

accordance

in

condition

be

or

left in

premises
safe
of

Requirements

Administrative

thority.
Au-

WORKMANSHIP

PROTECTION

shall

through
through

walls
or

be

shall

under

and

be

cinder

conform

to

generally accepted

PIPES

OF

Breakage

2.10.1

bulldozers,

installingor repairing any

changed

be

Workmanship
good practice.

shall

to

without

SAFETY

2.9.1

2.10

be

complete backfill

plumbing and drainage installation, the

ceilings, tile work, or any other part of

2.9

piping

break

or

structural

taken

properly compacted.

In the

which

be

boulders, cinder-fill,or

damage

Mechanical
be

of

top

stones,

would

then

may

STRUCTURAL

2.8.1

of

means

piping.

Backfill

layers

of

compactness

such

be

to

used.

be

proper

damage

the

required

Backfilling.Adequate precaution shall

2.7.5
insure

excavations

of

be

may

CODE

walls

Mechanical

excavation

2.8

of

kept open
accepted.

and

2.7.4

thin

the

within

PLUMBING

All

Trenches.

Open

part thereof
work

NATIONAL

STANDARD

AMERICAN

Corrosion.

Pipes passing

protected from
or

concrete

protected against
coating, wrapping, or other

external
means

corrosion.
28

breakage.
or

other

will

or

Pipes passing

corrosive

corrosion
which

under

material

by protective
prevent

such

GENERAL

2.10.2

shall
member
Notching. No structural
or
impaired by cutting, notching, or otherwise,
extent
permitted by the proper Administrative

Cutting

weakened

be

the

to

except

REGULATIONS

or

Authority.
Pipes Through

2.10.3
soil

through

arch;

there

or

sleeve

two

as

be

may

Freezing.

installed
from

freezing where

SYSTEM

2.12

be

could

or

pipe

unlawful

for any

to

person

SEWER

deposit by

any

oils; grease;
obstruct, damage,

or
or

any

other

overload

material
such

tem
sys-

WASTES

INDUSTRIAL

detrimental

Wastes

detrimental
be

to

the

to

functioning of
disposed of

and

treated

Authority
2.13

such

sewer.

2.12.1

shall

be

into a public or
or
building drainage system
any ashes; cinders; rags; inflammable, poisonous,

would
or

shall

exterior

an

PUBLIC

OR

private sewer
or
explosive liquids;gases;
which

pipe

waste

or

the

into

means

soil,

water,

DRAINAGE

It shall

2.11.1

No

necessary.

TO

DAMAGE

footing or
a
relieving
built into the masonry
wall an
iron pipe
greater than the pipe passing through or
writing by the Administrative
Authority.

permitted outside of a building or in

to
adequate provision is made
protect

or

unless

2.11

be

pipe sizes
approved in

2.10.4
wall

shall

Walls.

Foundation

or

pipe, or buildingdrain passing under

foundation
wall
shall
be provided with

waste

or

Footings

or

other

the
the

public

sewer

system

sewage-treatment
directed

or

plant

the

strative
Adminiby
authority having jurisdiction.
as

SLEEVES
Annular

between

sleeves

and

pipes shall be
filled or
tightly calked with coal tar or asphaltum compound,
lead, or other material found equally effective and approved as
such
by the Administrative
Authority.
2.13.1

2.14

RATPROOFING

2.14.1
for the

space

Exterior

passage

piping

fittingcollars

of

metal

securely

fastened

All

Openings.

of

into

shall
or

be

other

place.
29

exterior

openings provided
with snugly
properly
approved ratproof material
sealed

STANDARD

AMERICAN

NATIONAL

PLUMBING

CODE

Interior openings through walls,

Openings
floors, and ceilings shall be ratproofed as found necessary
by
the Administrative
Authority.
2.14.2

Interior

USED

2.15

OR

used

SECOND-HAND

equipment

2.16

standards

minimum

CONDEMNED

purchase, sell,
plumbing installation
to

for

material

or

the

complies with

EQUIPMENT

unlawful

be

shall

It

2.15.1

forth

set

install

or

unless

in this

it

Code.

EQUIPMENT

ministrat
by the AdAny plumbing equipment condemned
of wear,
Authority because
damage, defects, or
re-used
shall
be
for
not
sanitary hazards,
plumbing purposes.
2.16.1

DEPTK

2.17

OF

SERVICE

the

recorded

feet

PIPING

outside

or

2.18.2

actual

RELATION
No

bearing

approved by

TO

closer

Administrative

the

bearing
by

be

than

laid

DRAINAGE

SEWER

ings
foot-

parallelto
as

may

Authority.

be

BELOW

filled in

3 feet, except

Piping installed
deeper than
therefrom
45 deg
as
except
Administrative
Authority.
shall

the

be

FOOTINGS

piping shall

walls

for

experience.)

Depth.
walls

2.19

with

than

less
inches

should

spaces

installed

be

feet

and

sewer

grade. (Blank

Parallel.

2.18.1

be

IN

piping shall
penetration,but in no case

for

locally in accordance
2.18

BUILDING)

OF

frost

below

WATER

water-service

inches

piping

water

and

AND

SEWER

(OUTSIDE

Sewers

2.17.1
below

BUILDING

footings or
may

be

proved
ap-

LEVEL
.

2.19.1

Drainage

sewer

shall

2.20

CONNECTIONS

2.20.1

appliances

be

installed

All
used

the
level of
piping located below
as
provided for in Chapters 10 and
TO

PLUMBING

SYSTEM

REQUIRED

plumbing fixtures,drains,

appurtenances,

to

receive

shall be connected
sewage
the building or premises, in

discharge liquid wastes

properly to the drainage system
or

accordance

of this Code.

30

with

the

the
11.

and
or

of

requirements

AMERICAN

2.27

STANDARD

WATER

closets

water

on

is dressed

2.27.2

flange

or

2.27.3

or

Reducing.

and

bends

may

provided

stubs

may
the

provided
floor

4-inch

bends

connections,

receive

to

CODE

connections,

receive

to

Three-inch

similar

is used

similar

swedged

or

Iron.

closets

lead

Three-inch

Lead.

PLUMBING

CONNECTIONS

CLOSET

2.27.1
used

NATIONAL

be
let
in-

flange.

be

used

4-inch

water

on

3-inch

fixture horn.

the

Four-by-three-inchreducing

bends

are

acceptable.
DEAD

2.28

ENDS
In the

2.28.1

dead

system,
to

2.29

extend

TOILET

2.29.1
7.21.2
for the

shall
use

installation
ends

shall

cleanout

FACILITIES
Suitable
be
of

toilet

so

removal

or

be
to

as

FOR

of any

avoided
be

except
accessible.

where

age
drainsary
neces-

WORKMEN

facilities

in

accordance

in
provided and maintained
workmen
during construction.

32

part of

with

sanitary

Table

condition

Chapter
MATERIALS

chapter shall
the

conform

like

it. Its
in

of

use

be

only
free

be

materials

purpose

3.1.3
for

3.5.

or

ASA

for

given

specifications
American

Standards

opposite
requirement imposed

the

in

paragraph 3.1.1.

defects

tend

1916

Race

damage,

or

such

to, render

improper

be

3-5

approved

to

plish
accom-

tions
specificalisted
the

cations
specifi-

considered

refer

in

to

ceptable.
ac-

ards
stand-

70

the

by

American

45th

East

Street,

Y.

17, N.
and

American

in the

included

below.

Association,

York

Standards

Table

in

identified

as

shall

material

used

1. Abbreviations

New

FS

or

3.5

code.

this

Standards

ASTM

would

or

otherwise

Table

cited

not

for

or

2.5.1.

Standard
Specifications for Materials.
for
installations
materials
are
plumbing
of
least
Products
at
to
conforming
any

listed

NOTE

would,

which

of

by

ministrati
Ad-

materials

in

listed

standards

manufacturing

defective, unsanitary,

the

Table

of

paragraph

Materials

any

addition,

pipes

the

used

the

with

in

provided

as

that

vent

the

this

repair of

or

extension,

material

governed
Code.

the

of

occasioned,

however

one

further

used

shall

Materials

least

of

be

chapters

shall

Each

at

to

shall

Materials.

in

when

cited

except

the

Authority
or
existing soil, waste,
^rade or quality, as permitted

other

table

system,

allow

of

Use
3.1.2
conform
shall

listed

standards

alteration,

drainage

and

shall

relocation

the

to

installation,

plumbing

materials

The

least

at

construction,

of

part

Standards.

Minimum

3.1.1

of

WEIGHT

AND

MATERIALS

3.1

in

QUALITY

Tentative

published by
Testing Materials,

Standards
for

Society
Philadelphia 3,

Street,

Federal

Specifications
Board
Specifications

33

published
and

Pa.

by

obtained

the

Federal
from

the

AMERICAN

STANDARD

NATIONAL

PLUMBING

Superintendent of Documents,
Office, Washington 25,
AWWA

Standards

ing
Print-

Government

D.C.

Standards

the American

Waterworks

published by
Association, 500 Fifth

Avenue,

York

Y.

New

Commercial

CS

Tentative

and

CODE

18, N.

Standards

recommendations
the

United

States

obtainable

tary
volun-

representingrecorded
of

the

trade, issued

by

of

Commerce
and
Department
of
ments,
DocuSuperintendent
Printing Office, Washington

from

the

Government

25, D.C.
MSS

Standards

ardization
Standpublished by the Manufacturers
of
and
the
Valve
dustry,
Society
Fittings In-

Lexington Avenue,

420
SPR

Simplified Practice
recorded

by
Washington 25,
NOTE

ASTM

2.

Standards

the final number

or

issue

U.S.

of

17,N.Y.

representing
the

Department

trade
of

and

sued
is-

Commerce,

D.C.

are

indicates

issued
the year

under
of

fixed

designations;
originaladoption,

dicates
incase
revision, the year of last revision. "T"
Tentative.
In the "CS"
series of standards, also, the
the year
of issue.
Federal
indicates
number
For
cations,
Specifi-

in the

final

York

Recommendations

recommendations
the

New

or

of

the year indicated

in Table
3.5 is that of the
of
that
the latest revision or amendment.

date

of

specifications for materials are

of the year
subject to change. Designations carrying indication
thus
of issue
obsolete.
Table
become
3-5 gives the full
may
the
time
Code
this
is
at
current
designations of standards
printed. As provided in paragraph 3.4.1, the Administrative
Authority is required to review this table and have it brought
exceeding two years.
up to date at intervals not
3- All standards

NOTE

3.1.4

pipe,

and

Identification

and

of

Materials.

each

Each

length

of

in a
pipe fitting,
trap, fixture, and device used
plumbing system shall have cast, stamped, or indeliblymarked
it the maker's
mark or name,
the weight, type, and classes
on
of the product, when
such marking is required by the approved

standard

that

applies.
34

MATERIALS

than

the

following:

For

safe

pans

of

Sheet

Copper.

3.2.2

not

"

shall

traps

be

less

not

less

than

be

less

than

not

psf
1/8

thickness.

wall

inch

lead

shall

lead

psf

terminals

vent

and

bends

Lead

than

less

not

"

flashings

For

WEIGHT

3.5. Sheet

Table

See

Lead.

3.2.1

AND

MATERIALS

SPECIAL

3.2

QUALITY

shall

copper

be

less

not

than

the

following:
Safe pans

oz

"

Floor
fixtures

1/4-inch

Floor

Flanges.

shall

thick

be

and

less

not

Weight

Minimum
Each

1 lb

1/2

1 lb

12

4 1/2

2 lb

be

flanges
than

1/8

red

following table:

1/2

Soldering Bushings shall

with the following table:

3.2.5

the

Inches

3 1/4
4 1/4

from

manufactured

Length

1/4

ft

sq

be

with

Inches

Inches

per

shall

Diameter

Inside

Sizes

Pipe

oz

in accordance

shall be

and

similar

ft

sq

Calking Ferrules

3.2.3

3.2.4

per

flashings

terminal

Vent

brass

12

"

of red

for
inch

less

than

2-inch

to

lead

bends,

oz
oz
oz

in

brass

water

thick

closets

cordance
ac-

or

for brass

calking depth for

iron or galvanized malleable
iron.
If of hard
cast
lead, they
less
than
and
shall weigh not
be composed
of lead
1 lb 9 oz
alloy with not less than 7.75 per cent
antimony by weight.
"

Flanges
soldered

Closet

or

shall

be

screwed

screws

and

not

soldered
to

other

bolts

metal.

shall

35

be

brass.

or

shall

be

calked,

AMERICAN

STANDARD

PLUMBING

CODE

Cleanouts.

3.2.6

(a) Cleanout

plugs shall be of brass

SpecificationWW-P-401.

Federal

have

(b) Plugs may

(c) Countersunk
may

raised

cause

shall

used

conform

sunk

where

to

heads.

raised

heads

hazard.

MATERIALS

METHODS

AND

Premises.

Existing

3.3.1

and

counter

or

square
should
be

heads

ALTERNATE

3.3

NATIONAL

existing buildings

In

or

premises in which plumbing installations are to be altered,

cretionar
Authority has disrepaired,or renovated, the Administrative
to
permit deviation from the provisions of
powers
this Code, provided that such
a
proposal to deviate is first
submitted

determination

for proper

safety requirements,

they pertain

as

order

in

to

that

health

and

shall

plumbing,

be

observed.

to

Provisions

Approval.

3.3.2
prevent

the

of

use

any

of this Code

material, device, method

installation,fixture, or appurtenance
authorized, provided such alternate has been

Authority,in
of

Evidence

3.3.3

Authority shall require sufficient

judge whether
proposed alternates
this Code

for

3.3.4

When

claims

for

of

such

the

test

at

the

reason

the

Repeated
to
require tests
believe

requirements

to

is insufficient

enable

him

to

of

requirements

compliance

proof

as

of the

expense

on

that

which

Administrative

repeated if,

an

alternate

approval
36

made

by

an

but

in accordance

in the
shall

Administrative

be

its

be

Authority

The

Tests.

to

Authority
made

be

stantiate
sub-

to

applicant.
shall

Tests

evidence

Administrative

generally recognized standards;

standards,
procedure.

to

there

Procedure.

Test

3.3.6
may

Administrative

the

meet

alternates, the

of

require tests
approved agency
may

with

evidence

section.

safety and health.

Tests.

3.3.5

this

The

Compliance.

blage
assem-

specifically
approved by the

with

accordance

of

not

or

Administrative

intended

not

are

no
was

at

any

longer
based.

time,
conforms

absence

specify

Authority
there
to

is

the

MATERIALS

3.4

AND

WEIGHT

MATERIALS

APPROVED

Periodic

3.4.1

QUALITY

The

Review.

Administrative

Authority

the
periodically,at
years,
every
approved list of specificationsand standards for materials in
check
the
Table
to
3.5 and in Chapter 7 "Plumbing Fixtures"
designations,numbers, etc., which are used for identification,
and
later issues
shall submit
if there are
them for their legal
adoption.

least

shall

All

NOTE:

subject
year
full

to

standards

change.

of issue

may

3.4.2

and

specifications for materials are

Designations carrying indication of the

thus

designations of
printed.

various

obsolete.

become

standards

current

Each

Specific Usage.

specificallythe
each

parts
of those

review

two

once

type

of the

of

at

Table

the time

chapter
material

of

gives

this Code

this

Code

the
is

dicates
in-

permitted for the

specificationsfor

The
plumbing system.
in
materials
Table
are
3.5.
given

37

3.5

AMERICAN

STANDARD

NATIONAL

38

PLUMBING

CODE

AMERICAN

STANDARD

NATIONAL

PLUMBING

CODE

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Chapter
JOINTS

4.1

AND

CONNECTIONS

TIGHTNESS
and

Joints

4.1.1

the

plumbing system
the
required by
pressure
of
perforated or
portions
in

connections

watertight for
the
with
exceptions of those
test,
for
installed
are
open-joint piping which
and
conveying ground or seepage

OF

TYPES

and-spigot soil
hemp and filled
not

extend

to

varnish,

with

or

ends

been

Screwed

Threaded

Pipe

burrs

shall

filled

or

removed.

be

paint,
jointing
approved.
the

Taper

All

or

and

No

Joints.

National

reamed

be

on

and

tested

deep

hub.

permitted

be

"

of

bell-

oakum

1 inch

than
rim

GGG-P-351a.

shall

out

Pipe-joint

thread,
be
size

to

moved.
re-

of
and

cement

threads.

male

Joints. Joints in lead pipe or fittings, or

rules,
or
pipe or fittings and brass
pipe, fercopper
solder
be
nipples, or traps, shall
full-wiped joints.
shall
have
surface
each
side
of a
an
joints
on
exposed
Wiped

lead

not

less

than

3/4

being jointed.
shall

below

American

to

FS

less

not

inch

Joints

bore, and all chips shall

paint shall be used only on

Wiped
joint

cast-iron
with

coatings
the joint has

conform

Pipe

joints for
firmly packed

shall

after

B2. 1-1945

4.2.3

lecting
col-

ground
under-

the

to

be

1/8

than

more

joints shall

between

water

Calked

lead

molten

Threaded

4.2.2

ASA

Joints.
pipe shall

other

or

until

material

of

purpose

JOINTS

Calked

4.2.1

the

drains.

storm

4.2

and

gastight

be

shall

be

made

by using

inch

Wall
a

and

floor

or

lead

least

at

ring

wall

or

floor.
joints at
or
Joints between
iron
shall
be
made
steel, or wrought
ferrule, soldering nipple, or bushing.
4.2.4

Soldered,

joints for tubing shall

to

be

soldered

Sweat

or

or

be

made

sweated

41

thick

as

the

as

terial
ma-

flange lead-wiped joints

the
flange placed behind
lead

by

pipe
means

and
of

cast
a

iron,

calking

Soldered
sweat
or
Joints.
with
faces
approved fittings. Surshall
be cleaned
bright. The

CODE

PLUMBING

NATIONAL

STANDARD

AMERICAN

with approved solder.

joints shall be properlyfluxed and made
tubing shall be made by the appropriate
Joints in copper water
of approved brass
or
fittings,
wrought copper water
properly
use
soldered
sweated
or
together.

joints for soft-copper water

tubing shall be made with fittingsmeeting approved standards.
The
tubing shall be expanded with a proper flaringtool.
4.2.5

Flared

4.2.6

Hot-Poured

concrete

or

be

not

shall

water

have

and

absorbent
bond

joint shall

of the

surfaces

All

for

Joints. Hot-poured compound

pipe
dry surface

sewer

psi.

Flared

shall

poured against
100

Joints.

of

less

not

and

cleaned

be

clay
when
than

dried

surfaces
are
unavoidable, a suitable
pouring. If wet
ly
primer shall be applied. Compound shall not soften sufficientof
the
when
joint
to destroy the effectiveness
subjected to a
before

160

of

temperature
carried

by the
the joint space
jute or hemp.

used

hold

to

shall
shall

4.2.7
in

surfaces
the

depth
shall

be

cleaned

the

in
the

4.2.8
accordance
Pressure

4.2.9

pipe

of

or

device

other

and

Prior

waste

joint is
pouring.

the

joint
filled. Joints

shall

pipe, in

advance

side

be

Each

collars

with

shall

formed

be

of

slopes

of

use.

deg

the
to

coated

the

standard.
it 'shall

Material

the

after

conical

and

collar,

socket.
and

socket

Precast

bell
be

socket.

recommended
in

and

shall

the

hour

one

Joints.

of the

axis

the

operation until

until

the

of
25 per cent
shall be filled with

compound during pouring.

one

spigot

of

of

in

tested

the

Collar

acids

hot

Precast

both

with

the

be

not

of

base

of

Approximately

pouring collar, rope

poured

be

the

at

in any

soluble

be

deg F nor
drainage system.

shall

length shall be equal to the

surfaces
making joint contact,

with

and

solvents
the

When

bind

inert

end

spigot
contacting

before

be

adhesives

and

resistant

as

is

the
to

serted
in-

base
both

alkalies.
Brazed
with

Joints. Brazed
the provisions of

Piping,

ASA

Cement

Mortar

joints
Section

shall

6 of

be
the

made
Code

in
for

B31. 1-1951.

joints shall be used

specificallypermitted in other chapters of this Code
when
cient
or
Authority, as suffiapproved by the Administrative
of this Code,
A layer of jute
to
accomplish the purpose
and
or
hemp shall be inserted into the base of the joint space
rammed
from entering the interior of the pipe.
to
mortar
prevent
Joints.

only when

42

Cement

Jute

in

cement

25 per

dipped into a slurry suspension of portthan

prior to insertion into bell. Not more
shall be used
for jute or hemp.
joint space

shall

hemp

or

land

be

water

of the

cent

shall
remaining space
with
a
thoroughly mixed

The

and

two

mixture

the

joint shall

tool

force

to

repair any
interior

cracks

fallen

have

the

shall

be

uniform

of the

Burned

4.2.10
weld

4.2.11

be

sufficient
one-half

part

water

periphery

with

into

setting,
blunt

jointand to
setting period. Pipe
material
that might

any

Additional

the

mortar

form

to

as

ment
ce-

make

to

of

initial

remove

tion
opera-

one

hour

mortar

so

of

of

the

same

45

deg

taper

pipe.

the

least

at

continuous

one

entire

troweled

Lead

and

lapped

to

interior.

the

shall then

barrel

only
After

around

swabbed

be
into

composition
with

by

in

coPiposed

mortar

partiallystiffened
formed
during the

the

shall

filled

hand.

rammed

be

be

with

sand,

parts
workable

the

CONNECTIONS

AND

JOINTS

as

Asbestos

Burned

Joints.
lead

shall

thick

as

Cement

Sewer

fused

be

the

lead

(welded)

lead

together to
being joined,

Pipe Joints.

joints
form

Joints

in

pipe shall be made with sleeve

couplings of
the
sealed
with
rubber
same
composition as
pipe,
rings.
and
between
asbestos
metal
shall
be
cement
Joints
pipe
pipe
made
of an
as
by means
adapter coupling calked
required in
paragraph 4.2.1.
asbestos

cement

the

4.2.12

Bituminized

Pipe Joints. Joints in bituminized fiber pipe shall be made

with
tapered type couplings of
the
material
the pipe.
bituminized
same
as
Joints between
fiber pipe and metal
of an
pipe shall be made by means
adapter
coupling calked as required in paragraph 4.2.1.
4.3

USE

OF

4.3.1
between
in

Fiber

JOINTS

Clay
such

Sewer

pipe

Pipe.

and

paragraphs 4.2.6 and

4.3.2

Concrete

metal

Joints in
pipe shall

vitrified
be

made

clay pipe
as

or

provided

4.2.7.

Sewer

Joints
metal
pipe

Pipe.

such
pipe or between
pipe and
and
4.2.7.
paragraphs 4.2.6

in

concrete

shall

be

sewer

made

as

in

4.3.3
either

calked

Cast-Iron
or

Pipe.

screwed,

as

Joints in
provided

4.2.2.

43

cast-iron
in

pipe shall
paragraphs 4.2.1

be
and

STANDARD

AMERICAN

NATIONAL

PLUMBING

CODE

Joints between
wroughtcast-iron
iron, steel, brass, or copper
pipe shall be
either calked or threaded
jointsmade as provided in paragraphs
with approved adapter fittings.
4.2.1 and 4.2.2, or shall be made
4.3.4

Pipe

Screw

Cast-iron.

to

pipe, and

Lead

4.3.5

lead

Cast

to

Iron, Wrought Iron

Steel.

or

and

steel

Joints
pipe shall

cast-iron, wrought-iron,or
of wiped joints to a calking ferrule,soldering
by means
nipple, or bushing as provided in paragraph 4.2.3.

between

made

be

4.3.6
be

Copper
either

made

Joints in copper tubing shall

of approved brass
or
appropriate use
sweated
soldered
or
fittings,properly
of approved compression fittingsas
vided
proTube.

Water
the

by

water
wrought copper
or
means
by
together
in paragraphs 4.2.4

4.4

SPECIAL

and

4.2.5.

JOINTS

4.4.1

Tubing

Copper

Screwed

to

threaded

from

tubing to
copper
of brass
converter
fittings.The
and

the

fittingshall

connection
made

be

sweated

the

the

by

use

pipe

copper

soldered, and

or

the

pipe and the fittingshall

joint.
pipe size screw

standard

made

be

jointbetween

properly
threaded

the

between

with

pipe

Joints. Joints

Pipe

shall

be

Brazing or welding shall be

with
requirements of recognized
performed in accordance
of practice and by licensed
otherwise
or
published standards
when
it is determined
ministrat
qualified mechanics, except
by the adauthorityto be equivalent procedure for diepurpose

Welding

4.4.2

of this

or

Brazing.

code.

4.4.3

Slip Joints.
be

joints may

trap seal, and

4.4.4

on

and

the

on

the

exposed

and

inlet side

fixture

connections

rigid joint

which
when

to

Connections.

allow

adjustment
up

slip joints.
44

or

joints must

Brass

made

trap

in the

supply.

Joints. Expansion

Joint

piping, slip

water

of the

be used
where
may
necessary
of
the
contraction
pipes.

Ground

4.4.5
a

only

Expansion
and

brass

used

drainage

In

shall

not

provide

be

cessible
ac-

for

pansion
ex-

Ground
of
be

tubing

joint
but

considered

vide
proas

(SCREWED)

UNIONS

4.5

and

on

the

metal-to-metal

shall be

TRAP

in the

Unions

with

STANDARD

trap
have

shall

ground

water-supply

seats.

URINAL,

SERVICE

connections

Fixture

4.6.1

in the

used

Unions

trap.

PEDESTAL

CLOSET,

AND

be

may

seats.

WATER

closets, floor-outlet

water

of

Water-Supply System.

4.5.2

4.6

side

inlet

the

metal-to-metal

system

Unions

Drainage System.

4.5.1
seal

CONNECTIONS

AND

JOINTS

drainage pipes and

sinks, pedestal.urinals,and

between

service

of brass,
standards, shall be made by means
the
to
hard-lead, or iron flanges,calked, soldered, or screwed
shall
be
bolted, with an apdrainage pipe. The connection
proved
earthenware

trap

gasket
and

earthenware

washer

or

the

connection.

The

approved
plasteris prohibited.
firm

an

on

4.7

PROHIBITED

4.7.1
has

base.

JOINTS

AND

Drainage System.

use

set

putty

Any fittingor connection

enlargement, chamber, or recess

that offers
reduction
of pipe area,
or
the
is
drain,
through
prohibited.

or

with
an

which

ledge, shoulder,

obstruction

to

flow

struction
obthat offers
abnormal
fittingor connection
The
flow, shall be used.
enlargement of a 3-inch

No
to

bend

closet

of commercial

CONNECTIONS

an

4.7.2

the

setting compound between

The
floor flange shall be

or

or

stub

to

inches

shall

not

be

considered

an

obstruction.
4.8

WATERPROOFING

OF

OPENINGS

4.8.1

Joints at the roof,around vent pipes,shall be made

other
or
watertightby the use of lead, copper, galvanized-iron,
material.
or
approved flashings
Exteripr-wall openflashing
ings
shall be

4.9

watertight.

INCREASERS

4.9.1
are

made

to

be

Where

AND

REDUCERS

different

connected,

shall
reducing fittings

the
be

sizes

of

pipes, or pipes and fittings

size
increasers
proper
used
between
the two

45

or

reducers

sizes.

or

Chapter
TRAPS

CLEANOUTS

AND

TRAPS

5.1

Fixture

5.1.1

separately trapped by a waterthe fixture

outlet
as
possible.

integral traps, shall

close
to
trap, placed as

be

having
seal

that

Provided,

(a)

installed
6

than

not

that

Provided,

(b)

not

in

more

than

three
of

be

may

if

apart

the

to

trap

sinks

and

the

is
trap
installed.

laundry
each

to
are

not

centrally

distance

vertical

shall

of

set

adjacent

The

more

lets
out-

or

outlets

weir

not

for

waste

are

be

may

waste

the

Fixture.

to

the

apart.
installed

compartments

Trap

outlet

fixture

the

inches

room,

inches

30

Distance

5.1.2
from

same

when

located

and

other

single-compartment
lavatories
immediately

the

other

the

three

three

or

30

is

compartment

one

trap

one

than

more

trays

than

more

fixture

plumbing

than

deeper

inches

if

trap,

one

on

are

combination

those

fixtures, excepting

Plumbing

Traps.

exceed

not

24

inches.

TYPE

5.2

5.2.1
for

AND

SIZE

Trap

Size.

fixture

given

but

rapidly

OF

in

The
shall

AND

size
be

FIXTURE

(nominal

sufficient
than

less

case

no

TRAPS

given

to

in

DRAINS
of

diameter)
drain

Chapter

the

trap

fixture

11,

Table

11.4.2.
Relation

5.2.2

larger

than

the

5.2.3

to

fixture

Type
Fixture

of

Drains.

Fixture

drain

to

which

No

trap
it is connected.

shall

be

Traps

self-cleaning other than integral

without
movable
as
partitions or
traps
parts,
except
of this Code.
specifically approved in other sections
used
be
the
(b) Slip joints or couplings may
on
trap inlet
(a)

or

within

ground

shall

traps

the

joint

is

trap

be

seal

of

used.

46

the

trap

if

metal-to-metal

AMERICAN

Prohibited

5.3.6

(a)

STANDARD

No

trap
movable

NATIONAL

PLUMBING

CODE

Traps

which

for

depends
shall be

parts

seal

its

the

upon

action

of

used.

(b) Full "S" traps are prohibited.

(c) Bell traps are prohibited.
(d) Crown-vented
prohibited.
traps are
Double

5.3.7

5.4

PIPE

shall

fixture

Trapping. No

be

double

trapped.

CLEANOUTS
Cleanouts

Location.

5.4.1
feet

horizontal

in

apart
diartieter or

and

less

shall

than

more

not

of

lines

drainage

not

be

feet

100

than

more

50

nominal

4-inch

for

apart

larger

pipes.
Underground Driaitiage.Cleanouts, when
to
or
an
on
underground drain, shall be extended
the place where
finished grade level directly above

installed

5.4.2

installed; or

is

out

found

when

5.4.3
at

each

45

deg.

by

necessary

Change
change of

extended

be

may

of

the

clean-

the

of

shall be

Cleanouts

of Direction.

the

the

building
Authority.

Administrative

the

direction

outside

to

above

building drain

installed

greater

than

concealed
on
piping
Piping. Cleanouts
and
the
terminate
finished
flush with
shall be extended
through
left
the
chases
be
in
wall
wall or
or
floor; or pits or
may
size to permit removal
of
floor, provided they are of sufficient
the cleanout
plug and proper cleaning of the system.

5.4.4

Concealed

5.4.5

Base

or

foot

the

near

buildings
18-inch

with

space
in lieu of

terminated

may
in

cleanout

installed

stack

more

not

5.4.6
out
or

near
a

of

each

floor

be

than

on

the

the

"Y"

the

to

ground

Junction.

the

base

or

For

stack.

with

of the

outside

drain

the

or

provided at
less

following will

cleanout

building

5 feet outside

junction of
with

the

at

accessible

Building Drain

cleanout

or

be

soil

or

floor the

extended

the

shall

waste

fill

cleanout

an

in

cleanout

vertical

slab

under

crawl

building drain
and

of Stacks.

be

stack.

of the

than
ceptable
ac-

The

building

accessible

an

downstream

from

buildingwall.
There

shall

be

clea;i'

building drain and building sewer

branch
inside the buildingwall.
48

the

AND

TRAPS

that

so

flow

the

of

Cleanout
the

Administrative

OF

CLEANOUTS

SIZE

Small

5.5.1

size

nominal

inches,

deg

in

change

stalled
in-

opposite

to

thereto.
for the

used

where

except

be

ation,
install-

approved

in

shall
and

4 inches

to

of

be

the

underground piping
provided and located at

than

For

be

and

direction

intervals

at

of

same

less

not

not

over

10

each

90
than

more

feet.

150

5.6

CLEANOUT

5.6.1
shall be

installed

so

Cleanouts

be

that

there

for the purpose

Small

5.6.2

shall

covers

provided

be

for

holes.
man-

CLEARANCES

haige Pipes.

inches

shall

Metal

Covers.

5.5.3

18

shall

manholes

drains

up

Pij"es.

Large

5.5.2

be

not

Cleanouts

Pipes.

pipes
largerpiping.

for

direction

rightangle

shall

shall

Authority.

the

as

in

at

or

floor

or

cleanout

Every

opens

plugs

fixtures

new

writing by

inches

cleanout

drainage line

of the

5.4.8.

5.5

the

Flow.

of

Direction

5.4.7

CLEANOUTS

clearance

largerpipes

or

of

not

less

than

rodding.
smaller

Cleanouts

Pipes.

installed

so

of

is

3-inch

on

that

there

is

than

12-inch

inches

clearance

for

rodding.
5.6.3

Calking. Cement,

finishingmaterial
5.6.4
cleanout

plug,

will

CLEANOUT

Where

any

other

necessary
door
access
to

the

permanent

plug.

cleanout

it is

covering plate or
permit ready access

fixture trap

without

accepted as
90 deg
one

plaster,or
placed over

to

conceal

shall

be

vided
pro-

plug.

EQUIVALENT

5.7.1
removable

be

not

Concealment.

which
5.7

shall

bend

or

fixture

disturbingconcealed
equivalent,if

cleanout
on

the

line

to

49

be

integraltrap, readily
roughing work, may be

with

there

rodded.

is

no

more

than

AMERICAN

5.8

ACroPROOF

Where

installed
thickness

NATIONAL

STANDARD

PLUMBING

CODE

TRAPS

vitrified-clayor

underground,
of 6 inches

other

it shall

from

the

brittleware,acidproof trap
be

embedded

bottom

50

and

in
sides

concrete

to

of the

trap.

is
a

Chapter
INTERCEPTORS

VALVES

BACKWATER

INTERCEPTORS

6.1

Required. Interceptors (including grease,

interceptors, etc.) shall be provided when,
the Administrative
Authority, they are
necessary

sand
of

opinion
the

handling

proper

sand

wastes,

drainage

plant

or

other

containing

wastes

or

for

ing
build-

the

to

the

mable
flam-

grease,

harmful

ingredients
public sewer

the

system,

6.1.3

No

does

each

sewage-treatment

not

6.1.4

be

be

by the

approved

other

than

location

and

size, type,

wastes

grease

size

The
shall

separator

Authority and no
or
separation shall

those

discharged

into

interceptor

shall

liquids

solids

treated

and

then

mixture

Separation.

having

Administrative

terceptor
in-

each

requiring

treatment

interceptor.

any

hereinafter

be

installed

type

model

or

having

diction.
juris-

of

various

separated in
Authority,

of

Administrative

the
with
comply, in all respects
the
thereof
department
approved by

and

the

liquid

Approval.

6.1.2

of

of
and

oil,
in

processes.

or

which

SEPARATORS

AND

When

6.1.1
and

AND

SEPARATORS

an

in

light and heavy solids

specific gravities may
interceptor as approved

accordance

with

or

be

by

paragraph

6.1.2.

6.2

GREASE

INTERCEPTORS

Commercial

6.2.1
be

installed

other

in

fixtures

opinion

of

the
in

hotel

into

line

stoppage

line

waste

grease

leading

from

interceptor shall
sinks,

drains,

in
when,
following establishments
exists:
Administrative
Authority, a hazard

the

clubs,

Buildings.

kitchens
or

the
or

other

or

factory

establishments

drainage
hinder

bars,

system

where

in

grease
quantities that

disposal.

sewage

51

cafeterias

taurants,
res-

or

rants,
restau-

can

be

can

or

the

the

troduced
in-

affect

AMERICAN

STANDARD

Residential

6.2.2

for individual

OIL

6.3

grease
dwelling units or any

oil separator
shall
of the system
section

system
Administrative
flammables

be

can

by

introduced
or

6.5

less

not

VENTING

than

oils

where

into, the

admitted

or

other

drainage

for

similar

and

Sand

ceptors
inter-

designed and located as

a
water
cleaning, and shall have

shall

be

so

6 inches.

Vent.

become

not

Interceptors shall

air bound

interceptor shall be
6.6

or

INTERCEPTORS

Relief

6.5.1

they will

exists

Installations.

Commercial

heavy solids
readily accessible
of

drainage
opinion of the

in the

where,

or

in the

otherwise.

for

seal

quired
interceptor is not reprivate livingquarters.

INTERCEPTORS

6.4.1
to

CODE

installed

be

Authority,a hazard

accident

SAND

be

An

or

6.4

Units.

PLUMBING

SEPARATORS

6.3.1

system

NATIONAL

if closed

be

covers

so

designed that
used.

are

Each

properlyvented.

ACCESSIBILITY

OF

INTERCEPTOR

Each

interceptor shall be so installed as to provide

and
for servicing
means
ready accessibility to the cover
and
dition.
maintaining the interceptor in working and operating conof
of
The
ladders
the
removal
or
use
bulky equipment
in order
service
violation of
to
a
interceptors shall constitute
accessibility.
6.6.1

6.7

INTERCEPTOR'S

EFFICIENCY

Interceptors shall be rated and approved

the
Administrative
their efficiency as
directed
by
with
and
in
accordance
generally accepted practice.
Authority
Flow

6.7.1

Rate.

for

6.7.2
until

Approval. No grease
interceptor shall
successfully passed the testing and
Authority.
up by the Administrative

be

it has
set

6.7.3

operating

Water
an

Connection.

interceptor shall

Water
be

occur.

52

connection
such

that

for

approved
rating procedure
cooling

backflow

cannot

or

VALVES

BACKWATER

SEPARATORS,

INTERCEPTORS,

LAUNDRIES

6.8

with

detrimental

materials

the

into

ped
equipor

other
ing
pass-

device

or

shall

device

or

of

solids

shall

be

l/2

vent
preinch or
for

removable

ESTABLISHMENTS

Bottling Plants,. Bottling plants shall

their process

into

wastes

separation of
liquidwastes

SLAUGHTER

6.10.1

with

interceptor

an

glass

broken

the

into

or

will

which

solids,

other

discharge
provide for
charging
dis-

before

drainage system.

HOUSES

Separators.

equipped
into

basket

purposes.

6.9.1

6.10

the

to

basket

The

BOTTLING

the

wire

drainage system.

passage
larger in size.

cleaning

be

or
strings,rags, buttons
from
public sewerage
system

Basket
Intercepting Device.
into the drainage system

6.8.2

6.9

removable

shall

will prevent

that

device

similar

laundries

Interceptors. Commercial
an
interceptor having a

6.8.1

Slaughtering-room
which

separators

the

shall

drains

prevent

the

entrails, and

of

feathers,
drainage system
the
to
likely
drainage system.
clog

shall

be

discharge
other

rials
mate-

drains
Interceptors.Slaughteringand dressing room
with
trative
Adminisprovided
interceptors approved by the
accordance
in
with paragraph 6.1.2.
Authority

6.10.2
shall

be

6.10.3

Food-Grinder.

buildingdrainage

6.11.1
into

the

discharge directly to the

GRINDERS

Discharge. Where

installed, the

are

may

system.

COMMERCIAL

6.11

Wastes

waste

from

buildingdrainage

grinders
units may
discharge direct
terceptor
inand not
through a grease

commercial
those

system

food-waste

termine
Authority shall deand what
where
type of interceptoris required,except
be required for private living quarthat interceptors shall not
ters

6.11.2

or

Approval. The

residential

Administrative

units.

53

AMERICAN

STANDARD

NATIONAL

PLUMBING

CODE

MAINTENANCE

6.12

6.12.1

in efficient
Cleaning. Interceptors shall be maintained
of accumulated
operating condition
by periodic removal

grease.

6.13

INTERCEPTORS

OIL

Where

6.13.1
when-

shall be installed
separators
Administrative
form
Authority and shall con-

the

required by

requirementsof paragraph 6.13-2.

to

Minimum

6.13.2
of

depth

Oil

Required.

less

not

shall have
a
separators
the invert of the discharge

Oil

Dimension.
than

2 feet

below

drain.

of

capacity

serviced

a-re

for each

cubic

vehicle

determine
Motor

each

feet
square
minimum
a

with

to

size

capacity

net

ten

three

vehicles.

shall

Where

vehicles
be

added
than

more

stored, the

Administrative

of separator

required.

thority
Au-

in

as

separator

be

in

than

more

have

facilities
Servicing. Where storage
the
capacity of the
repair shops,
net
on
a
capacity of 1 cubic foot for

Vehicle

shall

100

up
and

the

maintained,

not

not

foot

serviced

are

6.13.4

Storage. Interceptors shall

feet where

one

additional

shall

are

cubic

and

vehicles

ten

Vehicle

Motor

6.13.3

based
of

surface

to

capacity

be

drained

of 6 cubic

into

ceptor
the inter-

feet.

Type Separators.Before installingany special

all
tion
informaa
including
drawing
pertinent
type
separator
for approval of the Administrative
shall be submitted
thority,
Auaccordance
this
code.
in
with
as
being
Special

6.13-5

BACKWATER

6.14
6.14.1

Fixtures

backwater

public

sewer

in the

the

discharge
grade.

6.14.3
parts

be

Administrative

in

The

Backflow.

to

installation

with

accordance

of

lawful

requirements
Authority having jurisdictionover

system.

Fixture

6.14.2

Subject
shall

devices

of the
the

VALVES

branch
from

Material.

of the
fixtures

building drain

which

located

such

of corrosion-resistant

within

valves

Backwater

material.
54

shall

valves

Backwater

Branches.

shall

be

receives
branch

have

all

and

stalled
in-

only
low
be-

bearing

Chapter

FIXTURES

PLUMBING

7.1

GENERAL

REQUIREMENTS

MATERIALS

shall
be
Plumbing fixtures
Quality of Fixtures.
from
smooth
constructed
impervious
approved materials, have
defects
and
concealed
be free from
surfaces,
fouling surfaces,
shall
in this Code,
form
conand, except
permitted elsewhere
as
standards:
of
in quality and
the
design to one
following
7.1.1

Standard

CS

China

Vitreous
CS

Plumbing

Porcelain

Staple

4-29-

Plumbing

Cast-Iron

Standard

CS

Standard

Steel

Formed

Metal

(for) Land

Plumbing

Fixtures,

Lavatory

and

ALTERNATE

soapstone,

7.3

or

other

fixture

106-41.

Fittings, Trim
Traps R 21-46.

Sinks

chemical

copper-base
steel

Practice

Simplified

NBS

227-47.

MATERIALS
Materials.

7.2.1

the

Sink

mercial
Com-

144-47.

Fixtures,
R

WW-P-541a-1947.

F.S.

Use,

WW-P-542.
Sanitary Ware,
Enameled
Sanitary Ware, NBS

CS

Plumbing

mercial
Com-

F.S.

Porcelain

Recommendation

NBS

111-43-

Enameled

Standard

Hospital

Commercial

NBS

Fixtures,

glazed) Plumbing

CS

Fixtures

Plumbing
Formed

Fixtures,

77-48.

(vitreous

Earthenware

of

Standard

Commercial

Fixtures, NBS

Plumbing

20-49.

Enameled

7.2

Commercial

NBS

Fixtures,

is

and

special fixtures

stoneware,

alloy, nickel-copper
materials
especially

or

may

be

alloy,
suited

be

may

lined

made

with

lead,

corrosion-resisting
to

the

use

for

which

an

flow,
over-

intended.

OVERFLOWS

7.3-1
the

Design. When
waste

shall

be

provided with
arranged that the standing

any
so

fixture

56

is

water

in

PLUMBING

fixture

the

closed

be connected

the house

on

closets

urinals

or

tanks

with

is

stopper

fixture

is

empty.

fixture shall

of the

fixture trap, except

into
the
water
discharge

may
but

it shall

other

any

the

from

pipe

by them,

served

overflows

such

connect

the

inlet side

or

of flush

that overflows

when

when

overflow

The

Connection.

7.3.2

overflow

overflow

in the

remain

or

the

in

rise

cannot

FIXTURES

the

of

part

unlawful

be

to

drainage

system.
INSTALLATION

7.4

afford

to

manner

all

from

pipes

shall

Securing

rigidlysecured
7.4.4
shall

that

so

by

alignment

strain

no

with

is transmitted

shall

closet

which

back

connections

shall

water-closet
metal
the

to

be

bowls

supporting

closet

level

set

tion.
connec-

in proper

and

walls, (see

supply

lines

installed

AND

Pan,

valve,

other

unventilated

thoroughlywashed

7.6.2

be

adjacent

to

fixtures

bolts.

or

FIXTURES

Fixtures.

an

the bowl

wall

par.

4.6.1.)

as

fittingsfor

or

to

prevent

back-

paragraph 10.4.3.)

latrine,frostproof,and

water

with

PROTECTION

PROHIBITED

or

practical,

contact

Floor-outlet

Supply Fittings. The

plumbing fixture shall be so

7.6.1
seal

in

in

wall.

nearest

comes

screws

reference

WATER-SUPPLY

flow. (See
7.6

the

to

7.5.1
every

cleaning. Where

run

Fixtures.

floor

installed

be

watertight.

Setting.Fixtures

7.4.5

7.5

be

shall

Wall-Hung Bowls.
Wall-hung
rigidlysupported by a concealed

be

member

to

be

fixture

Joints. Where
floors, the joint shall

7.4.3

for

access

easy

fixtures

7.4.2
and

fixtures

Cleaning. Plumbing

7.4.1

into

plunger, offset, washout,

closets

water

having

an

invisible

not
are
having walls which
each discharge, shall be prohibited. Any
at
of
might permit siphonage of the contents

space

the tank

Connections.
shall

CONNECTIONS

be

or

shall be

Fixtures

provided

with

57

prohibited.

having
an

concealed

access

panel

slip-joint
or

utility

AMERICAN

STANDARD

NATIONAL

arranged as to make
for inspection and repair.
WATER

7.7

Public

of the

CODE

slip connections

accessible

CLOSETS

7.7.1
be

the

so

Space

PLUMBING

bowls

Water-closet

Use.

public

for

shall

use

elongated type.

Water-closet
tanks shall have
Flushing Device.
flushing capacity sufficient to properly flush the water-closet
with which
bowls
they are connected.
7.7.2

in lowdown
tanks
shall
Float
Float valves
Valves.
7.7.3
close tight and provide water
to
properlyrefill the trap seal in
the bowl.
Tanks.

Close-Coupled
closed-coupled water-closet
7.7.4

more

close
with

if the

even

flush

valve

constructed

of

in

bowl,

rim

Automatic

shall

that

so

is

trapway
below
the

case

the

over

the

closet

seats

that

continuously
7.7.5
installed

rim

the

above

flush-valve

The

combinations

of

the

of trap stoppage,
of the bowl.

Valve.

Flush

in

seat

inch

or

closets

any

bowl

shall
will

water

be

so

flow

not

shall

Flushometer

or

will

flush-valve

the

cjogged;

rim

be

be

so

for repairing.
they will be readily accessible
When
the valve
is operated, it shall
complete the cycle of
and
operation automatically, opening fully
closing positively
under
the service pressure.
At each
operation the valve shall

deliver

that

in

water

volume

sufficient

and

at

that

rate

will

thoroughly flush the fixture and refill the fixture trap. Means
flow.
shall be provided for regulating flush-valve
Not
more
fixture shall be served
tection
Prothan one
flush
valve.
by a single
shall be provided as
against backfiow
specified in
paragraph 7.5Seats.

7.7.6
of

smooth

provided

closets

Water

for

water-closet

public use
seats

shall

material.

non-absorbent

shall be

shall be

All

of the

of the

be

equipped

seats

of

with

water

seats

closets

open-front type. Integral

same

material

Tank.

Tanks

the fixture.

as

URINALS

7.8

7.8.1

than

one

Automatic
urinal

capacity
properlycleanse

shall
to

Flushing
be

provide
all urinals

automatic
the

in

necessary

volume

simultaneously.
58

flushing more

operation

and
to

of sufficient
flush

and

PLUMBING

Urinals

7.8.2

Flushometer

shall

be

7.8.3

flush

to

only
than

6 inches

and

deep

than

more

Trough Urinals.
places of temporary

in

in

prescribed

as

Flush

Automatic

with

Equipped

shall be used

valve

FIXTURES

and

paragraph.7.7.5

no

urinal.

one

urinals

Trough

Valves.

shall

be

permitted

They shall be not less

occupancy.
shall be furnished with one-piece backs

VA inches in diameter.
The
washdown
pipe shall be performated so as to flush with
curtain of water
an
even
against the back of the urinal. This
pipe shall be securely clamped as high as practicable to the
have

and

back

of

urinal.

the

outlets

with

strainers

less

shall

the basis

of

(1) urinal

one

for each

urinals

tanks

shall be
of

figured
length,i.e.

urinal

trough equals 1
36 in. trough equals 2
48 in. trough equals 2
i60 in. trough equals 3
72 in. trough equals 4

urinals
urinals
urinals
urinals

Floor-type trough

Floor-type Urinals.

with
for each

water

18 inches

24 in.

7.8.5

have

VA gallons of

than

EquivalentLength. Trough

7.8.4
on

urinals

Trough

flushingcapacity of not
2 feet of urinal length.

least

at

urinals

are

prohibited.

and

in

1 foot

point

least,

at

Wall

Surrounding Materials.

7.8.6

of urinal

front

1 foot

to

nonabsorbent

material.

7.9

STRAINERS

AND

All

7.9.1

of

side

each

with

lip and

and

to
a
space
the floor,
4 feet above

shall

the urinal

be

lined

OUTLETS

FIXTURE

plumbing fixtures, other than

or
syphon-action washdown
strainers
with metal
having

floor

water

urinals, shall

blowout
waterway

area

closets
be

complying

and

provided
with

agraph
par-

7.1.1.

7.10

LAVATORIES
Waste

7.10.1
not

less

strainers

Outlets.

Lavatories

than

diameter.

or

with

1^ inches in
be provided
may

59

shall have
Wastes

stoppers.

may

waste

outlets

have

open

AMERICAN

STANDARD

SHOWER

7.11

shall

thereof
pan
floor
be

have

or

shower

ground
alead

turn

level.

shower
or
copper
pan
by the Administrative

shall

Traps
fastened

securely

COMPARTMENTS

all sides

on

up

be

the

On

ground shall
corrosive
or

materials

1,024

belaid

pan

entrance

built

receptors
nonabsorbent

smooth

the

on

and

non-

impervious surfaces,

shall have
not
compartments
in floor area
and, if rectangular,

Floors

and

smooth

made

be

less

not

than

30 inches

Public

7.11.5

or

shall

rooms

from

any

rooms

be

be

has

been

lined.

Floors

of

that

public
waste

no

by other

occupied

areas

other

in basements,

floor

manner

or

located

Showers.

over

pass

copper

the

not

in such

drained

lead,

need

Institution

will

head

sheet

compartments
in which

surface

ground

compartments
base
and shall

sound
structurally

Shower

in other

or

the

directlyon

and

shower

under

watertight with

materials.

cellars,

water

the

Shower
inches

square

on

acceptable

shower

that

paragraph 7.11.1.

Construction.

lined

ished
fin-

dimension.

7.11.4

laid

shall have

and

Authority.
above

seepage
and
pan
trap. Shower
and
less
than
2 inches

dense

triangularin plan, shall

or
square,
in shortest

be

in

Dimensions.

l.ll.yless than

shall

from

constructed

be

provided

as

Shower

Ground.

the

not

lent
equiva-

the

at

trap

the

2 inches

constructed

so

the

to

least

at

making a watertight joint between

shall
outlets
be
receptacle waste
strainer.
having removable
7.11.2

CODE

those
compartments,
except
those
metal
enameled
having

or

or

determined

as

shall

may

the

directly on

receptors,
The

All

Shower.

PLUMBING

AND

RECEPTORS

7.11.1

built

NATIONAL

bathers.

of

materials

smooth,

to

shall

Shower

Walls!

7.11.6

compartments
and
noncorrosive

height of

not

less

than

walls

have

nonabsorbent
6 feet

structed
con-

waterproof

above

floor.

the

showers
shall
Joints. Built-in tubs with overhead
the tub and
waterproof joints between
waterproof wall.

7.11.7

have

SINKS

7.12

Waste

7.12.1

outlets
have

not

open

less

Outlets.

strainers

or

may

shall

Sinks

V,4inches

than

be

be

provided with

in diameter.

provided
60

with

Waste

waste

outlets

stoppers.

may

PLUMBING

shall have

is installed
in

Sinks

Grinders.

Food

7.12.2

FIXTURES

opening

waste

which

on

food

grinder

3^2 inches

less than

not

diameter.

WASTE

FOOD-

7.13

posal units
other

any

may
fixture

and

connected

be

supply

water

food-waste-disfrom

trapped separately

Units

compartment.

or

hand-operated

or

Domestic

Connections.

Separate

7.13.1

UNITS

-GRINDER

have

may

control.

either

matic
auto-

(See paragraph

10.4.)

Interceptors. No food-waste
through a grease interceptor.

Grease

7.13.2
connected

be

grinder shall

Commercial-type foodCommercial-type Grinders.

grinders shall be provided with not less than a 2-inch waste
shall be trapped and vented
line.
Each
waste
as
provided in
7.13.3

other
7.14

DRINKING

conform

be

so

specified by
in

Standard

Protection

7.14.2

assembled
American

A40. 4-1942) and

FLOOR

as

traps

and

with

shall

be

drain line

7.15.2

to

and

minimum

an

Gaps

orifice
in

projectors
elevation

as

Plumbing Systems

Backflow

Standard

Preventers

A40.6-1943.)

seal

which

it

of

drains

3 inches
The

the

and

open

metal

shall have
shall

vided
proof strainer

area

cross-section

be

of the

area

connects.

Floor

Protection.

of

strainers.

two-thirds

Size.

Floor

Strainers.

least

DISHWASHING

7.16.1

Air

American

water

the purpose
7.16

provide

to

Stream

Supply.

Standard

removable

at

Water

DRAINS

Trap

7.15.1

meet

of

Plumbing Systems (ASA

7.15

Drinking fountains shall

tains.
Specifications for Drinking Foun-

Construction.

Z4. 2-1942.)

(ASA

(ASA

and

American

to

Code.

FOUNTAINS

Design

7.14.1

shall

of this

sections

shall

drains

for which

be

of

size

to

serve

ficiently
ef-

it is intended.

MACHINES

Domestic

dishwashing machines

requirementsin paragraph 10.4.361

shall

AMERICAN

7.16.2

trapped

or

STANDARD

PLUMBING

NATIONAL

CODE

be
Each
unit shall
Separate Trap.
separately
discharge indirectlyinto a properly trapped and

fixture.

vented

shall
dishwashing machines
Gap. Commercial
be connected
through an air gap or as provided in Chapter 9
"Indirect
Waste
Piping and Special Wastes."
Air

7.16.3

units

similar dishwashing
or
Dishwashing machines
in
private living quarters or dwelling
equipment not
zation.
180
shall be provided with water
at
deg. F for sterili-

7.17

MULTIPLE

Water.

Hot

7.16.4

WASH

Circular

7.17.1

SINKS
Each

Type.

straight-line
type

shall

closerthan

inches

from

considered

the

not

18

spout

shall be

7.18

GARBAGE

7.18.1

garbage
drainage

be

combination

the

spouts
and
each

adjacent similar spouts

equivalent of

of

lavatory.

one

shall
or

not

charge
dis-

fixture.

discharge from a garbagethrough a grease interceptor.

connected
The

be

system.

Connections.

Supply

Water

shall

connections

form
con-

paragraph 10.4.3.

TRAYS

LAUNDRY

7.19.1
shall
tray
inches

sinks

from
receptacle receiving the wash
basket
with
similar
device
or
a
provided
into
the
of
discharge
large particles
building

shall
the

7.18.4

Waste
be

Overflow.

Each

Outlets.

provided

in diameter

7.19.2
the

shall

cans

prevent

7.19

cold

and

lavatory.

one

wash

cumference
cir-

WASHERS

Baskets.

7. 18. 3

to

hot

sink

Interceptor. The

Grease

washer

to

Multiple

Discharge.
Garbage-can washers
through a trap serving any other device

7.18.2
can

-CAN

have

of wash

equivalentto

be

Straight-Line Type.

7.17.2

inches

18

(circular type) shall

and

with
with

a
a

waste

compartment
outlet not

of

less

laundry
than
lH

stopper.

Laundry-tray overflows

requirementsof paragraph 7.3.1'

62

shall

conform

to

AMERICAN

NATIONAL

STANDARD

a.

a,

PLUMBING

CODE

"si
CQ

"-

-o

o-o

o
"

CO

a-

__

j3
/Ti

*-*

HI

E
sj:;

"

'-"

(N

ro

"^

1^

fl "t;

VO

^^

\rM/~\

a
"-imv-\QO"-"^

"-I

Z(X

"-"

CQ

Ul

64

tr\

f"-i (r\

Q
O

13

"-*

\r\

i3"3

2
CO

4_i

cu^ S

-a
Ul

""

" VM

-^f

oj

-^

"

i;

Ul

PLUMBING

FIXTURES

65

AMERICAN

STANDARD

NATIONAL

PLUMBING

CODE

"

"a-a
c

11
""

to

"^

"-IS

^
o

C
^

5S
c

7n

,.

(1!

"

'''

OJ

CTi

e-

a"

v"

w
D

"

ra

_Q

"

"

"

CO

01

""

"

"

ii: i^

o
m

i;

"

.TH

66

Sq
-^

"
r

-I

"
'^

i;

5^

"

"3 -c

""

"

"

""

rii

I
5

^
"-

-H-

sg

Chapter
HANGERS

General.

8.1.1

and

strains

stresses

and

sufficiently close
the weight
carry

intervals
of the

structural

settlement.

less

not

at

piping shall be secured

keep the pipe in alignment

to

and

pipe
Soil

Cast-Iron

8.2.2

stalled
shall be insystem
and provision shall

Vertical

Attachment.

8.2.1

supported

plumbing

PIPING

VERTICAL

8.2

SUPPORTS

expansion, contraction,

for

made

in

Piping

undue

without
be

AND

STRESSES

AND

STRAIN

8.1

and

contents.

soil

Cast-iron

Pipe.

than

at

at

shall

and

height

story

every

pipe

be
its

at

base.

Screwed

8.2.3
at

less

not

than

8.2.4

Copper

8.2.5

Lead

Screwed

Pipe.

pipe (SPS)
story height.

other

every

shall

be

ported
sup-

Tubing.
Copper tubing shall be supported
for piping lV2 inches
and
and
each
at
not
at
over
more
story
and
smaller.
than 4-foot intervals
for piping 1% inches

exceeding

not

8.3

HORIZONTAL
8.3.1

Lead

Pipe.

shall

pipe

supported

be

tervals
in-

at

4 feet.

PIPING
Horizontal

Supports.

sufficiently close

intervals

piping
keep it

to

shall

in

be

supported at
alignment and prevent

sagging.
8.3.2

Cast-iron

supported

at

at

Copper

approximately
and

Pipe.

Cast-iron

5-foot

intervals.

Pipe.

approximately

8.3.4
smaller

more

Screwed

8.3.3

at

not

Soil
than

12-foot

Tubing.
6-foot

10-foot

Screwed

pipe (S.P.S.)

pipe

shall

shall

be

be

ported
sup-

intervals.

Copper

intervals

intervals

soil

for

67

tubing

shall

be

piping 1 1/2
piping 2 inches
for

supported
inches

and

and

larger.

for its entire

otherwise

or

PLUMBING

shall

pipe

CODE

be

supported by strips

length.

In Ground.

8.3.6
firmbed

Pipe. Lead

Lead

8.3.5

NATIONAL

STANDARD

AMERICAN

Piping in the ground shall be laid on a

length,except where supp)ort is otherwise
Administraadequate in the judgment of the tive

for its entire

which

provided

is

Authority.
8.4

HANGERS

AND

Material.

8.4.1
of

ANCHORS
and

Hangers

shall

anchors

be

of

metal

their proportionalshare
strength to maintain
pipe alignments and prevent rattling.

sufficient

the

8.4.2

Attachment.

attached

to

STRAINS

8.5

8.5.1
shall

be

so

shall

anchors

be

for

AND

STRESSES

Installation

of

installed

to

settlement

ly
secure-

buildingconstruction.

as

Pipe. Piping
prevent

in

undue

plumbing

strains

and

that

8.5.3
walls
or

Piping
footings

recesses

which

affect the

may

in Concrete.
shall

will

be

shall

permit

or

in

concrete

be

tural
struc-

or

installed
the

to

access

for

piping.

Piping

placed

system

stresses.

Provision
Expansion and Contraction.
and
of
expansion
cor\traction piping and

8.5.2
made

the

and

Hangers

ol

masonry
chases

in

piping

for

or

repair or

replacement.
8.6

BASE

OF

8.6.1

Supports.

supported

soil

stacks

shall

be

on

approved by

8.6.2
so

of cast-iron

Bases

brick
laid
metal
in cement
concrete,
mortar,
attached
the
to
building construction, or by other

brackets

methods

STACKS

anchored

the

Administrative

Piping Material.
as

to

take

the

Other

load

68

Authority.

piping

off the

stack

material
at

the

shall

base.

be

Chapter
INDIRECT

WASTE

PIPING

SPECIAL

WASTES

PIPING

WASTE

INDIRECT

9.1

AND

charge
following shall disthe building drainage system
ing
to
through an air gap servindividual
fixtures, devices, appliances or apoaratus.

General.

9.1.1
the

the

from

Wastes

Establishments
engaged in the
Handling.
wise
preparation, selling, serving, processing, or otherstorage,
the
waste
piping from all
handling of food shall have
refrigerators, ice boxes, rinse sinks, cooling or refrigerating
tables, egg boilers,
steam
coils, laundry washers,
extractors,
urHs or
similar
coffee
equipment discharge indirectly into a
oudet
the
and
waste
shall
water-supplied sink or receptor
Food

9.1.2

terminate

least

at

2 inches

the

above

flood

of such

rim

sink

or

receptor.
Commercial

9.1.3

machines,
shall

units,

those

except
be

the

of the

9.1.4
outlet

side

of

of the

floor-drain

provided

the

waste

quarters

Dishwashing
or
dwelling

that
when
a
except
the
drain
floor
to
a

connected

be

direct

washing
dishwaste

the

on

trap.

placed on the
the
discharge

be

interceptor

may

machine,

or

on

receptor.
Indirect

Connection.
for

An

may

dishwashing

indirect

9.1.5

adjacent

machine

Interceptor.
side

private living

located

is

dishwashing

side

sewer

in

indirectly connected,

machine

from

Machines.

Dishwashing

drains, overflows,

relief

or

shall

connections

waste

the

from

vents

be

water-

supply system.
9.1.6
such
and

water

be

Sterile

and

waste

9.1.7

the

Appliances,

stills, sterilizers, and

as

indirectly

trap

Materials.

connections
connected

or

and

similar

used

for

provided with

an

devices,

or

equipment

material

sterile
air

tus
appara-

requiring

gap

between

shall
the

appliance.
devices,

Drips. Appliances,

69

or

apparatus

not

AfvCERICAN

as

drainage outlets,

may

MATERIAL

9.2

with

in accordance

be
this

of indirect

size

shall

pipes

waste

sections

provisions of the other

sanitary-drainagepiping.

of

LENGTH

in

feet

two

waste

to

as

AIR

GAP

9-4.1

OR

Provision
and

waste

the

air gap

of

paragraph 9.4.2

shall

system
drain
served

the

is

terminate

sufficient

the

receiving

be

installed

fixture
in

distance
to

at

and

pipe

waste

other

or

The

above

provide

accordance

the

be

direct
in-

least

shall

be

9.4.3.

or

By

accessible

between

building drainage

extending the indirect

slop sink, floor drain,
properly trapped or vented.

9.4.2
which

in

The

Gap.

diameter

effective

provided

for

PREVENTER

of Air

the

direct
in-

the

stalled
piping shall be so influshing and cleansing.

waste

BACKFLOW

of

15 feet.

exceed

not

length

maximum

The

Cleaning. Indirect
to permit ready access

9.3.3

twice

shall

vent

pipe exceeding

waste

trapped.

be

Length.

Maximum

9.3.2

9.4

shall

length

indirect

Any

Pipe.

Waste

9.3.1

this

have

the

applicableto

Code

9.3

as

and

material

The

which

but

SIZE

AND

9.2.1

CODE

drips or
charging
be drained
pipes disby indirect waste
receptable as provided in paragraph 9. 1.2.

open

an

PLUMBING

fixtures

plumbing

regularlyclassed
into

NATIONAL

STANDARD

to

indirect

the

an

suitable

open,
fixture
shall

waste

flood

level

rim

of

the

with

required air gap, and shall

other
of
applicable sections

Code,

9.4.3

By providing
on

the

appliance
9.5

or

break

side

of

the

drain

(air gap) in the

trap

serving

the

nection
con-

vice,
fixture, de-

apparatus.

RECEPTORS

9.5.1

pipes

inlet

shall

Installation.
not
or

be

installed

unventilated

Waste
in any
space

room-

70

toilet
such

room,
as

indirect

serving

receptors
a

nor

closet

in any
or

accessibl
in-

store-

NATIONAL

STANDARD

AMERICAN

PLUMBING

CODE

ing system without being thoroughlydiluted or neutralized by

and acceptable dilution
passing througha properlyconstructed
device.
Such
device
shall
be automaticallyproor
neutralizing
vided
with a sufficient intake of dilutingwater
or
neutralizing
medium, so as to make its contents
noninjurious before being
into
the
soil
or
discharged
system.
sewage

9. 10

SWIMMING

POOLS

water
Piping carrying waste
wading pools includingpool drainage,back

9.10.1

from
wash

swimming
from

or

filters,

walks
serve
gutter drains or floor drains which
shall
be
installed
indirect
around
waste
as
an
utilizing
pools,
when
indirect
if necessary
existing circulation
,
pump,

water

from

scum

any

waste

line is below

the

sewer

grade"

72

Chapter

OF

QUALITY

10.1

Potable

10.1.1

DISTRIBUTION

AND

SUPPLY

WATER

10

WATER

SUPPLY

Water.

Potable

satisfactory for drinking, culinary, and

the
meets
requirements of the Health

potable

is

water

Authority

Administrative

Nonpotable

10.1.3

shall

Appendix

(See

Nonpotable

Water.

of

be
may
fixtures

water

and

other
shall

water

A.)

used
not

be

not

the

cessible
ac-

CODE

Identification

10.2.1

diction.
juris-

observed.

be

and
urinals
closets
flushing water
provided such
requiring potable water,
for drinking or
culinary purposes.
COLOR

and

purposes,

Authority having

for

10.2

is

public supply
requirements satisfactory to

available,

not

which

water

domestic

Where

Sources.

Acceptable

10.1.2

is

water

of

piping conveying

All

Piping.

potable
non-

by a
adequately and durably identified
that
it
distinctive
is readily distinguished
yellow-colored paint so
from
ASA
Z53'l(See
piping carrying potable water.
shall

water

1945

Safety

10.3

WATER

10.4

an

their

building
ample

in

which

POTABLE

outlets,
shall

submergence

not

in

or

Potable

any

backflow
be

and

habitation

wholesome

so

contaminated

shall

stalled
inbe

water.

water-supply piping,
devices

prevention
located

are

SUPPLY

WATER

Connections.

discharge

fixtures

plumbing

occupancy
supply of pure

OF

Cross

Hazards.")

Physical

human

PROTECTION

equipment

Marking

MANDATORY

for

are

with

10.4.1
water

for

SUPPLY

Every
and

provided

Code

Color

10.3.1

be

to

as

make

or

ilar
sim-

possible

polluted liquid

or

or

substance.

10.4.2

prevention

Approval
of

backflow

of

Devices.
or

Before

back-siphonage

73

any
is

device

installed,

for

the

it shall

have

first

NATIONAL

STANDARD

AMERICAN

certified

been

CODE

PLUMBING

the

requirements of ASA
A40.6-1943
by a recognized testing laboratory acceptable to
the
Administrative
in a potable
Authority.Devices installed
for
shall
be maintained
water
supply
protection against backflow
in good working condition
the
ing
havor
by
person
persons
of such
control
devices.
The
Administrative
Authority
and, if found to
having jurisdictionmay
inspect such devices
be
effective
or
inoperative, shall require the
replacement
meeting

as

thereof.

Backflow.

shall be
water-distributingsystem
shall
outlet
be proprotected against backflow.
Every water
tected
from backflow, preferablyby having the outlet end from

10.4.3

which

the

provide

flows

water

of the

rim

backflow

(See

provide

equipped
complying with

discharge

side

of

the

sufficient

defined

as

be

the

minimum

air gap
with
in connection

case

other

industrial

with

an

ASA

manual

in

to

ASA

minimum

accessibly
A40.6-1943,
valve.

control

BREAKERS

approved
on

critical

level

The

side

discharge
least

at

may

4 inches

of

protection.

the

shall

valve

flushing
the

above

equipped

be

breaker

vacuum

of

or

Administrative

the

shall

Flushometer

breaker.

vacuum

the

vide
pro-

as

GAPS

AIR

AND

Flushometer.

10.5.1

preventer,

to

cooling jackets, condensers

special appliances,
require other approved means

VACUUM

possible

not

backflow

or

it is

or

Authority shall
10.5

Where

Special Devices.

either

an

shall

flood-level

Appendix C.)

10.4.4
be

required
gap"
not
possible to

preventer

the

on

flows

water

it is
outlet

water

the

the

above

air

Where

the

distance

which

into

"minimum

installed

spaced

receptacle

A40. 4-1942.
air gap,
located

The

overflow

be

with
rim

with
stalled
inthe

of the

bowl.

Flushing Tanks.

10.5.2
with

an

with

the

above
the

approved
critical

the

full

ball-cock

inlet

shall

overflow

10.5.3
with

an

be

ball-cock.
level

opening

has

Flushing

no

installed

vacuum

the

overflow

the

inch

shall

breaker

the

of

tube,

shall

ball-cock

The

of

hush

tanks

pipe.

bottom

above

the

be

equipped

be

installed

at

least

In

cases

of the
full

1 inch
where

supply

water

opening

of the

pipe.
Trough Urinals.

approved

vacuum

Trough
breaker

74

urinals

installed

shall
on

be
the

equipped
discharge

side

of

with

be

equipped

of

each

of

at

least

6 inches

the

inches

30

above

the

above

of the

shall

inches

six

discharge side
10.6

Except

shall
be

be

less

least

stalled
in-

preventer
of usage
and on

the

horizontallyand
compacted earth.

or

pipe
and

apart

placed in the same

provided the
buildingsewer
be

may

met:

water-service

inches

12

feet

10

undisturbed

are

of the

bottom

at

than

buildingdrain

followingconditions
The

attachments

hose

backflow

highest point

water-service

the

with

ground
permitted in paragraph 10.6.2, the underpipe and the building drain or building

as

not

The

with

trench

backflow

PIPE

separated by

10.6.2

of the

valve.

water-service
sewer

the

SERVICE

10.6.1

installed, the

are

bottom

approved

an

above

of the

WATER

the

Fixtures

Outlet.

protected by

be

preventers

Appendix C).

Valve

10.5.5

backflow

backflow

shall constitute

valve

(See

preventer.

the

and

valves

bottom

shall be
preventer
time less
the highest head, and at no
surroundingground. Where combination
The

valves.

last

above

6 inches

control

be

than

shall
sprinkler systems
Sprinklers. Lawn
an
approved preventer on the discharge side

Lawn

10.5.4

shall

less

not

pipe.

spray

than

and

last valve

the

DISTRIBUTION

AND

SUPPLY

WATER

above

pipe,

the

top

of

all

at

the

points, shall
line

sewer

its

at

highest point.
The

water-service

excavated
The

at

side

one

number

of

shall

pipe
of the

joints in

be

on

solid

shelf

trench.

common

the

placed

service

pipe

shall

be

kept

to

minimum.
The
shall

materials
be

and

installed

joints

in such

and

of

and

sewer

and

manner

shall

strength
durability prevent
all
liquids, and gases,
therefrom, under
such

as

settlement, vibrations
10. 6.3

and

Stop -and-Waste

stop-and-waste valves
underground

service

and

strains

due

to

superimposed
Valve
cocks

pipe,
75

of

escape

known

adverse

temperature
loads.

Combination.
shall

the

possess

the

to

corrosion,

water-service

not

be

pipe
sary
neces-

solids,
ditions
con-

changes,

Combination
installed

in

an

AMERICAN

Private

10.6.4
shall
the

STANDARD

PUMPING

WATER

10.7.1

Pumps
filters,softeners,
be

AND

shall

Other

and

all

material
shall

not

properly
or

10.7.3
drains from

equipment
indirect

an

into

the

pressure
shall
be

connected

tank

from
fluid

the
or

used

tanks.

to

the

the

taste

system
substance

the

or

is returned

for

drainage

domestic

repairedwith

or

during

any

potabilityof

service.

to

10.8.2
in accordance

similar

through

system

Tanks

Tanks.

Water

purposes
material
which

the

water

shall

be

the

not

will affect
when

disconnected

BOOSTER).

(HOUSE-SUCTION

When

with

able-wate
pot-

operations, to prevent any foreign

entering the distribution piping.
TANKS

Support.

shall

supply

the water
Required. When
pressure
mains
insufficient
flow
is
to
during
city
supply all
freely and continuously, the rate of supply shall be
tank or booster
by a gravity house
system.
10.8.1

The

such

from

WATER-SUPPLY

10.8

shall

waste.

lined, painted,
either

tanks,

pumps,
devices

Tanks, Boilers, and Relief Valves.

and
tanks, boilers, relief valves

Pressure

tank

the

such

Cleaning, Painting, Repairing

10.7.4
be

EQUIPMENT

Potable-water-supply tanks
of foreign
the entrance
to
prevent
lines
water
supply. Soil or waste

directly over

pass

without

Tanks.

covered

insects

STORAGE

supply

contamination.

Water-Supply

be

No

Appliances. Water
other
appliances and

and

protectedagainst
10.7.2

CODE

private water
with
supply
any public water
the Department of Health.

of

specific approval

PLUMBING

Supply.

.Water

interconnected

be

10.7

NATIONAL

All

water-supply tanks

building

code

or

other

shall

be

from

the

fixtures

mented
supple-

supported

regulations which

apply.
IO18.3

Overflow

for

Water-SupplyTanks.

Overflow

pipes

of
discharge above
an
catch
roof or
open,
a
basin, or they shall discharge over
screened
overflow
sink.
pipes properly
Adequate
water-supplied
shall be provided.
and
vermin
of
insects
the
entrance
against
for

gravitytanks

and

shall

76

within

6 inches

WATER

tank

shall

be

AND

at

elevation

an

DISTRIBUTION

The

Supply.

Tank

10.8.4

SUPPLY

water-supply inlet
less

not

than

is

tank with overflow, but in

air gap in an
open
elevation
be
4 inches
above
the
less than

within
for

required

an

shall

case

no

the

the

overflow.

(See

Appendix D).
valved

drain

lines

indirect

an

as

Water-supply tanks

Drains.

10.8.5

located

waste

or

lowest

their

at

required

as

shall

for

be

with

provided

point and discharged

overflow
pipes in paragraph

10.4.3.
10.8.6
tanks

shall

Drain

of Overflow.

Size

750

iVi

Up

to

751

to

1,501
drain

of the

diameter

water

water

vermin

are

of the

area

covered

Over

with

with

feed

down

metallic

5,000
7,500
7,500

to
to

valve

quick opening

used

Tanks

Tanks.

do-

for

supply to fire standpipes and

ing
supply standpipes for fire-fight-

equipped

of

screen

the
not

tight

shall

which

covers

vented

be

less

not

area

and

riser

with

tanks

proof. Such
pipe having an

vent

Capacity
(gallons)

rodent

bend

return

the

and

Tank

pipe.

to
or
system,
only, shall be

equipment

pipe

3,001
5,001

equipped
the

supply

water

Gravity and Suction

supply, combined

10.8.7

domestic

as

for

(inches)

1,500
3,000

line ^shall be

same

estic

to

drains

following:
Drain

iVi

Each

the

Capacity
(gallons)

than

Tank

pipe

(inches)

less

be

not

Overflow

than

less

than

half

one

opening

vent

with

shall

be

hundred

one

(100) mesh.
10.8.8

Tanks.

Pressure

water

the

to

domestic

Pressure
water

fire

and

domestic

system,

supply
standpipes
supply standpipes for fire equipment only,
with an
breaking device
acceptable vacuum
X.O

of the
a

tank.

metallic

10.9

The

of

screen

not

DISINFECTION
SYSTEM

10.9.1
may

air inlet

of this

less

OF

than

POTABLE

device
one

for

used

tanks

distribution

ing
supply-

combined

to
or
system,
shall be equipped

water

located

shall
hundred

be

on

the

covered

(IOC)

top
with

mesh.

WATER

PIPING
The

require

that

Authority having jurisdiction

or
potable-water system
parr thereof
any

Administrative
a

77

AMERICAN

STANDARD

NATIONAL

repaired be
following methods

disinfected

installed

of the

or

before

PLUMBING

in

it is

CODE

accordance
in

placed

with

one

operation.

or
system,
part thereof, shall be filled with
solution
a
containing 50 parts per million of available chlorine
and
stand
allowed
before flushing and returning to
6 hours
to

The

10.9.2

service.
The

10.9.3
solution
and

containing

allowed

part thereof, shall be filled with a

of available
chlorine
parts per million

system,
100

2 hours

stand

to

or

before

flushing and returning to

service.
In the

10.9.4
it is
and

and

the

10.9.3
the

provided in paragraphs

as

of the tank

interior

shall

containing 200parts permillion of

solution

entire

allowed

solution

stand

to

10.9.2

swabbed

be

available

with

chlorine

flushing and

before

2 hours

where

service.

returning to

the

In

10.9.5
the

tank

potable-water storage

disinfect

possible to

not

of

case

shall

dosage

vices,
potable-water filters or similar dethe
Administrative
be determined
by

of

case

Authority.
10.10

WATER-DISTRIBUTION

TUBING

AND

PIPE,
FITTINGS

water-distributingpipes and tubing

shall
be brass, copper,
iron, wrought iron, openlead, cast
hearth
iron, or steel, with appropriate approved fittings. All
ferrous
threaded
pipe and fittingsshall be galvanized (zincWhen
used
lined.
coated) or cement
underground in corrosive
enamel
soil, all ferrous
pipe and fittings shall be coal-tar
and
coated
the threaded
and
wrapped
joints shall be coated
10.10.1

after

installation,

10.11

ALLOWANCE

10.11.1
and

size

and
the
a
or

pipe.

for

Materials

(See Chapter 3 for Standards.)

FOR

Selection

OF

CHARACTER

of Materials.

When

WATER

selecting

the

material

sideration
water-supply pipe, tubing, or fittings,due conof the water
terior
shall be given to the action
the inon

for

of

the

No

soil,

material

potable-water

supply

fill

other

or

that

would

material

system

shall

produce
be

used

on

toxic
for

the

exterior

conditions

of
in

piping, tubing,

fittings.
10.11.2

Used

Piping.

No

piping
78

material

that

has

been

in

and

If flushometers
flow

water

water-supply system

demand

The

shall

be

and

the

installed

fixtures

of

water-service

Load.

Demand

10.13.2

based

the

on

the

in

load

building

simultaneous*

probable

kind

and

number

of

use

fixtures.

these

IN

PROCEDURE

10.14

SIZING

WATER

THE
A

OF

SYSTEM

DISTRIBUTION

BUILDING

distribution
sizing of the water
conform
to
good engineering practice. Methods
shall
be
acceptable to the
pipe sizes
Authority. (See Appendix D for guidance in
water-supply systems.)
The

10.14.1

Size

10.14.2

of Fixture

fixture-supply
pipe
Type

shall

Fixture

of

...

tray,

1,

fixtures
the

10.14.3
service

same

Shower

special

1/2

Sinks

3/8
1/2

Urinal

Pipe

as

for

(flush tank).
(direct flush

Water

3/4
3/8

closet
Water
(flush
valve
type)

1/2

Hose
Wall

Pressure.

closet

1/2
1/2
3/4
1/2

(tank

equipment

be

not

is used

minimum

except
than
15

less

80

1/2
1/2

hydrant

supply

branch

fairly

discharge
for

direct

psi,

requiring higher

pressure,

bibbs

be

may

fixture.

of outlet

pressure,
point
8 psi for all fixtures
it shall

3/8

Minimum,

the

at

Size

3/4

1/2

comparable

(inches)

(single head)
(service, slop).
flushing rim.

Urinal
valve

listed, the minimum

not

Minimum

the

of

than

for which

size

Device

or

or
...

of

design

type)

3 compartments.

For

the

of Fixture

Type

sink,

commercial

Lavatory
Laundry

mine
deter-

Administrative

minimum

.Sinks

Dishwasher
(domestic)
Kitchen
sink,
residential

made

Size

and

fountain.

shall

system
used
to

follows:

as

1/2
sink

"ay-

Kitchen

The

(inches)

B^th tubs
Combination

Drinking

-Supply.

be

Pipe

Device

or

less

diameter.

nominal

flow.

this

supply

to

used, the

are

CODE

of
requiring a high rate
pipe shall be designed

devices

other

or

3/4 inch

than

less

be

shall

case

no

PLUMBING

NATIONAL

STANDARD

AMERICAN

allowance

and

constant,

shall

be

not

flush-valves,
except

pressure.
shall
be

where
In

made

termining
defor

the

pressure
during maximum
other

losses

drop due

in
pressure
the highest

at

DISTRIBUTION

friction

loss

periods

in

well

as

the

piping

system
and
meter,

head,

as

system.
Pressure.

Auxiliary

residual

to

demand
in the

10.14.4

AND

SUPPLY

WATER

the

is below

system
outlet

water

Tank.

Supplementary
when

the

minimum

flow

the

If the

in

able
allow-

the

system

tank
peak demand, an automatically controlled
pressure
sufficient
tank
be
of
shall
installed,
or
gravity
capacity to
installation
of
the
which
sections
too
are
building
supply
main.
high to be supplied directly from the public water
is

at

Low

10.14.5
used

on

that

auxiliarypressure
of 5 psi or
pressure
an

of the

the

on

used

10.14.6

Variable

Street

fluctuation

distribution

in

Other

approved

When

Pressures.

during
pressure
be designed for

shall

system

if

the

on

system.
and

is
pump
exists
possibility
booster

suction

low-pressure
of negative

creation

water

adequate
Authority.

wide

the

the

occur

installed

be

prevent
of the

side

When
and

system
less may

if found

Administrative

has

to

pump

suction

be

may

shall

there

pump,
booster

the

Cut-Off.

Pressure

as

cut-off

on

pressures

arrangements
such
by the

the

the

side

main

street

day,

minimum

the

water

pressure

available.
Hazard

10.14.7

air
shall

be

such

provided

or

that

other

reduce

to

Where

Noise.

chambers

extent

an

will

and

hammer
hazard

HOT

-WATER

Distribution

Piping.

distribution

piping shall
practice (See paragraph 10.14.)

10.16

SAFETY

the

noises

piping

to

system

installed
water.

pressure

pressure

at

conform

The
to

sizing of the
ing
good engineer-

DEVICES

Pressure-Relief

10.16.1

the

to

line

cessive,
ex-

DISTRIBUTION

Hot-Water

10.15.1
hot-water

hot

or

are

devices

exist.

10.15

be

pressures

mechanical

approved

water

pressure

no

water

for

Valve.

all

Pressure-relief

the

valve

is

set

81

to

for

valves

shall

equipment
heating or storage of
The
valve
of discharge of such
shall limit
rate
a
of the
rise for any given heat input to 10 percent
which

used

open.

STANDARD

AMERICAN

10.16.2

shall

be

of

hot

to

its BTU

Each

will

As

the

210

hot

an

to

energy

the

off

to

the

of

temperature

relief

be

energy
in the

water

rise

relief
may

tank

in

valve,
used,

be

the

to

as

charging
of dis-

further

any

temperature
device
shut-off
heat

rated

capable

the

valves,

by,

tank

water

exceeds

pressure
devices, which

shut-off
the

meet

or

210

have

shall

be

the

than

located

Underwriters'

located

be
and

valve

the

heater

Relief

10.16.5
temperature,

drainage

or

clearly
plate

and

Marking

installed

for

thereto,

or

water

case

no

more

valves

serve.

between

may

There

shall

relief

valve

The

shall

outlet
not

of

pressure,
connected
the
to

be

waste.

indeliblystamped

welded

maximum

as

Wastes.

direct

in

valves

it is installed.

relief valve
a

they

valve

for which

Pressure

hereafter

shut-off

and

other

or

acceptable.

Pressure-relief

equipment

Outlet

other

system

10.16.6
tank

or

considered

served

tank.

such

ed
approvAmerican

Temperature-relief
be actuated
by the

to

as

tank

the

the

tank

or

tank

to

adjacent

check

no

of

from

away

be

valves,

and
the

Laboratories, Inc.,

Location.

in the

one-eighth

top

3 inches

tested

been

specification requirements of,

the

Relief- Valve
so

temperature
relief

temperature

recognized approval authorities, shall

10.16.4

and

pressure

and

separate

Association,

Gas

Combination

Approvals.

energy

be

shall
be

prevent

of

supply

valve

it shall

deg F,

water

alternative

an

thereof,
cut

10.16.3

in

CODE

F.

deg

or

At

capacity.

temperature.
and
in lieu

relief

temperature

sufficient

before

PLUMBING

vices.
or
Temperature Relief Valves
Energy Shut-off Deshut-off
devices
or
Temperature relief valves
energy
installed
for equipment used
for the heating or storage

water.

which

NATIONAL

of

Storage

domestic
in

the

otherwise

Tank.
hot

metal,

Any

or

so

storage

shall

water

marked

permanently attached,

have
upon

the

allowable

Such
working pressure.
markings shall be
in an
accessible
of the tank
make
to
position outside
so
as
tanks
inspection or reinspection readily possible. All storage
for domestic
hot water
shall
the applicable ASME
meet
ards.
stand-

10.17

MISCELLANEOUS

10.17.1

Drain

Cock.

All

storage

tanks

shall

be

equipped

WATER

with

adequate
system,

supply,
area

flows
size

at

10.17.3

the

or

shall

have

Water
or

Used
similar

the valve
for

cross-sectional

opening through which

the cross-sectional

equal to
pipe in which

equipment

in

bution
water-supply distriture
fiximmediately controllingone

orifice

least

of the

Valves

those
except
when
fully opened

of the smallest

DISTRIBUTION

cocks.

Valves.

Line

10.17.2

of

drain

AND

SUPPLY

shall

potable-water distributing system.

building drainage system, the waste
pipe or air
through an indirect waste

83

water

area

is installed.

Processing.

purposes

the

of the nominal

not

When
water

gap.

used

Water
be

for

returned

discharged
shall

be

cooling
to
to

the
the

discharged

Chapter

II

SYSTEM

DRAINAGE
MATERIALS

11.1

General.

11.1.1

shall

systems

with

comply

Above-Grouod

11.1.2

tubing, and fittings for drainage

the provisions in Chapter 3.

Pipe,

Within

Piping

Soil

Buildings.

and

within
a
building shall be
drainage system
of cast-iron, galvanized wrought iron, galvanized q"en-hearth
iron, galvanized steel, lead, brass, or copper
pipe, or copper
for

piping

waste

Cube.
All
drains
Underground Piping Within
Buildings.
soil
buildings, when
underground, shall be of cast-iron
stories
in height, the pipe may
For
buildings under two

11.1.3
within

pipe.
be

service

weight.

buildings

For

stories

twa.

or

in

more

the

height,

pipe

shall

of

be

extra-heavy weight.
be used
following materials
underground when
may
Authority: galvanized steel
by the Administrative
alloy, lead, or copper
galvanized ferrous
pipe, or copper
The

threaded

Where

they

shall

Fittings.

11.1.4
conform
shall

the

to

of the

be

11.2

in

cast-iron

sewer

drainage
Fittings on

type.

shall

system
screwed

(See Section

pipe

2.4.)

SEWER

Separate

Trenches.

separate

trench

One
trench

same

of

shall

proof.
of

drainage

the

The
from

building

the

water-service

stalled
in-

when

sewer,

sewer

11.2.2

and

ing.
tub-

pipe, shall
pipe, concrete

pipe, vitrified-clay sewer

sewer
pipe, bituminized-fiber
pipe, or asbestos-cement
pipe. Joints shall be watertight and rootproof.

sewer

the

of

Fittings on
piping used.

recessed

BUILDING

11.2.1

be

type

or

joints are approved for use

underground,
after
and wrapped
installation.

coated

be

proved
ap-

water

be

The
or

with

sewer

equivalent

and

as

installed

when

sewer,

water-service

materials

installed

building

building

the

durable
so

The

Trench.

pipe

shall

which

are

to

remain

watertight

shall

be

found

to

84

tested
be

be

in
structed
con-

corrosion-resistant

with

tight.

and

be

10-foot

root-

head

DRAINAGE

drain

Ground.

in Filled

Sewer

11.2.3

filled

in

installed

SYSTEM

pipe, except
an
approved concrete
upon
paragraph 11.2.1.

drains

nonmetallic

shall
may

of

be

laid

be

in accordance

if installed

pad

ing
build-

or

ground

unstable

or

that

cast-iron

building sewer

with

Where
Sanitary and Storm Sewers.
separate
tems
sysand
installed
in
of sanitary drainage
storm
drainage are
the same
or
buildingsewers
property, the sanitary and storm
trench.
drains may be laid side by side in one

11.2.4

Old

11.2.5
and

house
or

drains

found,

on

used

be

may

and

plumbing

new

and

Sewers

House

test,

requirements governing
Authority shall
conform
to
changes necessary
the

11.3

DRAINAGE

Horizontal

11.3.1

piping

PIPING

shall

be

in connection

drainage

and

examination

Old

Drains.

work

they

in all respects
to
Adand the ministrati
sewers,

the

notify

make

to

owner

Horizontal

Drainage Piping.
at

uniform

but

slope

drainage
slopes not

at

permitted in paragraphs 11.3.2, 11.3.3, and

11.3.2
diameter

and

than

Piping. Horizontal
shall

11.3.3

Large Piping.

3-inch diameter

than

1/8 inch

11.3.4

per

with

fall of

less

not

11.4

and

drainage piping larger

installed

be

to

sewers

lesser

velocity will

FIXTURE

Horizontal

Velocity.

specified, then
computed

shall

with

fall of

less

not

foot.

Minimum

buildingdrains
the

drainagepiping of 3-inch

installed

be

11.3.4.

1/4 inch per foot.

than

that

the

Code.

this

less than

less

are

INSTALLATION

installed

Small

ing
build-

new

when

only

house

to

sewers

conform

to

new

house

with

not

Where
be

conditions

laid with

slope
be

be

may
less than

do

fall

permit

not

great

as

as

permitted provided
2

fps.

UNITS

for Fixtures.
11.4.1
Values
values
Fixture-unit
as
given
in Table
the
11.4.2 designate
relative load weight of different
kinds
of fixtures which
shall
be employed in estimating the
total

load

connection

pipes

carried

with

for which

by

soil

waste

pipe

the

cables

the

permissible load

of sizes

units.
85

for
is

and

shall

be

soil, waste,

given

in

terms

used

and

in

drain
of

ture
fix-

shower

See

head

Pars.

listed

in

Size

Table
of

over

11.4.3

11.4.2

floor

for

or

drain

bathtub
11.4.4

and

shall

does
for

rating
be

of

the

increase

not

of

method

have

greater

with

flow

iVi

or

by

determined

I'/jinch

trap

have

rate.

86

unit

the
the

value.
value

interr^ittent
area

Lavatories

fixture

computing
with

devices

CODE

PLUMBING

NATIONAL

STANDARD

AMERICAN

same

of

surface

load

of

fixtures

not

flows.

value;

water

to

be

larger P.O.

drained.

plugs

AMERICAN

STANDARD

NATIONAL

PLUMBING

CODE

11.5.2

Table

[ncludes

branches

Not

two

over

water

11^.2

of

the

BUILDING

building

drain.

closets.

88

DRAINS

AND

SEWERS

DRAINAGE

SYSTEM

11.5.3

Table

11.5.3

HORIZONTAL

BRANCHES

Does

include

not

Not

over

two

Not

over

six

water

shall

connected

thereto

be considered

not

structure

least
the

Size
be

smaller

Size

less

not

or

than

future

Future

installation
in
with

form

no

dead

in

stack

vent

is the

connection

3 W.C.

pipe

size.

Vent

or

carried

have

size

the

at

through

size

of the

made

provision is
provided for

requiredsizes

shall

of drain

provide for such future installation

a
plugged fittingor fittingsat the

89

Any

shall

full
or

shall

Stack.

Vent

is installed

or

branch

lesser.

When

end.

soil

No

largesthorizontal

in diameter

fixtures,those

determiningthe

to

Stacks.

Waste

the

of Stack-

Fixtures.
of

and

than

3 inches

buildingdrain, whichever
11.5.6

drain.

buildingdrain

stack-vent

one

roof

of Soil

that
except
reduction
a

which

on

building

as

Minimum

11.5.5

the

STACKS

closets.

Minimum

stack

of

AND

closets.

water

11.5.4
waste

branches

FIXTURE

for the
be

pipes.

shall
stack

sidered
con-

struction
Con-

be

inated
term-

so

as

to

AMERICAN

STANDARD

NATIONAL

PLUMBING

CODE

Underground Drainage Piping. N6

drainage system installed underground or below
11.5.7

cellar

shall

11.6

less

be

OFFSETS

with

stack,
vertical,may

Stacks

Waste

the

vertical

from

stack.

In

the

case

2 feet above

installed

be

in
less

or

within

Serving Kitchen

for

branch

in which

or

in accordance

in diameter.

inches

shall

be

the

governed by

and

also

ceives
re-

serves

portion of
size

size

or

vent

connection

point the

total number

one-

or

minimum

branch

that

Above

horizontal

the

stack,

waste

In

stack

waste

the

to

highest sink

the

to

up

Sinks.

kitchen-typesink

the

by

the

connected

fixtures

served

stack

waste

of

discharge

vent

as

the

of the

shall be

of the

of fixture units

stack
vented

stack.

the

11.6.3

Highest Branch.

Above

horizontal
considered

be

deg

stack

shall

vent

two-family dwelling only

by

or

paragraph 12.18.3.

11.6.2

of 45

the

to

offset, a relief

the

offset

An

Less.

or

straightvertical

connects

basement

in diameter.

direction

as

the

PIPING

Deg

of

sized

be

branch

horizontal
with

of 45

change

2 inches

DRAINAGE

ON

Offsets

11.6.1

below

than

portion of

branch

only

is

offset

an

in the

it affects

as

offset

An

the

above

stack-vent

the

est
high-

ahd

shall

developed length of

the

vent.

Below

11.6.4
soil

stack

waste

or

below

change in diameter of
required if it is made
If such

an

offset

the
at

of the

determined

as

for

lowest

stack

angle

an

offset and

of

case

of the

offset in

an

horizontal

because

angle of

at

branch,

offset

shall be

greater than 45
greater than 45 deg

deg.

not

stack

the

below

no

the
,

it shall be

buildingdrain (Table 11.5.2).

11.6.5

Offsets

of More

of

than

45

deg

portion of

the

more

the

an

is made

requireddiameter

In the

Branch.

Lowest

Than
from

45 Deg. A

stack

with

vertical

shall

be

sized

as

the offset

shall

be

sized

as

the

an

set
off-

follows:
The

for

regular stack

above
The
11.5.2,

the

stack
based

above
on

the

total number

of fixtiire units

offset.

offset

Column

shall

be

sized

as

5).

90

for

building drain.

(Table

SYSTEM

DRAINAGE

portion

The

offset

for the

entire

the

Column

number

in

and

12

of fixture

units

on

Table

11.5.3)

the

below

or

Below

Drains

Building

Sewer.

discharged to the sewer

discharged into a tightly covered

which

be

cannot

which

the

branch

horizontal

the

in

provided

as

connect

offset.

EJECTORS

AND

11.7.1

above

feet

installed

be

shall

shall

case

no

with

SUMPS

11.7

liquidshall

and

lifted

be

gravity drainage system

by any equally efficient

or

as

larger. (See

is the

offset

for the

vent

stack

the

be

sized

4.)

Chapter
to

be

shall

offset

the

total

the

on

whichever

stack,

relief

based

or

below

stack-

of the

Building
flow
gravity
by

and

drains

shall

vented

discharged

sump
into the

from

ing
build-

pumping equipment
strative
approved by the Admini-

automatic

by

method

Authority.
11.7.2
or

Period.

Storage

ejector shall

The

exceed

not

period of

of

storage

drainage

in

Design. Sump and pumping equipment shall

accumulated
in the
designed as to discharge all contents
during the cycle of emptying operation.
11.7.3

11.7.4
sewer

to

that

shall

of the

than

more

be

be

so

sump

drainage piping below the

similar
vented, in a manner

of

system

installed

and

gravity system.

Duplex Equipment.

11.7.5
of

The

Venting.

level

sump

12 hours.

six

shall

closets

water

the

receiving

Sumps

be

discharge
duplex

with

provided

pumping equipment.'
11.7.6

Vent

in accordance
less

than

11.7.7

with

be

sized

case

be

sized

no

from

Vents

Vents.

shall

pneumatic ejectors or
separately to the open air

carried

be

Connections.

drainage system.
drainage system
shall

12.21.5

shall

terminal.

exhaust, blowoff,

F.

vents
sump
but shall in

1/2 inches.

equipment

vent

11.7.8

l40

Building

table

Separate

similar
as

Sizes.

When
be

or

drip pipe shall

Waste

higher
provided.

direct

No

water

shall

be

when
at

be

connection
made

91

with

discharged
temperature

exists, proper

temperature

of
the

into
not

steam

building
the

ing
build-

higher

than

cooling methods

FLOOR

11.8

so

size

to

Accessibility.
constructed

it

that

efficientlythe

serve

drain

The

CODE

DRAINS

11.8.1

trap

PLUMBING

NATIONAL

STANDARD

AMERICAN

shall

inlet

be

so

Floor

drains

readily

be

can

purpose
located

shall

cleaned

for which
that

it

into

connect

and

of

it is intended.

is,

all

at

times,

in

full view,

shall

Floor

Connection.

11.8.2
not

directlyconnected

be

for

Provision

11.8.3

drains
to

subject to backflow
drainage system.

the

Evaporation.

shall

Floor-drain

seals

trap

of the

deep-seal type or shall

fed from
be
of an
an
approved plumbing fixture or by means
approved automatic
priming device
designed and approved for
subject

that

to

evaporation

be

purpose.

11.8.4
a

inches

or

traps

and

underground,

drains,

shall

be

installed

not

less

low
be-

than

in diameter.

Bell

Traps.

Dell

traps

are

prohibited.

PROTECTION

FROST

11.9.1

No

outside
in any

floor

basement

11.8.5

11.9

Floor-drain

Size.

soil
of

or

waste

pipes

shall

concealed

be

installed

in outside

or

mitted
per-

building, or
or
where
be
to
place
they may
subjected
freezing temperatures,
unless
is
made
them
from
to
adequate provision
protect
a

frost.

92

walls

12

Chapter

MATERIALS

12.1

ing
pipPipe, tubing, and fittings for the vent
comply with the provisions in Chapter 3.

Vents.

12.1.1

shall

system

materials

approved

specific
various
paragraphs

the

the

Standards

Specific Type.

12.1.2
to

VENTING

AND

VENTS

in

this

given inTable
for

and

use

chapter

apply

3.5

indicated

as

they apply

as

in
the

to

venting system.
piping shall
Pipiiig' Vent
wrought iron, galvanized steel,

brass,

or

or

soil

cast-iron

and

galvanized
alloys, lead,

ferrous

tube.

copper

Underground.

12.1.4
be

pipe,

copper

of cast-iron,

be

12.1.3

piping placed underground

Vent

that

pipe; provided

other

materials

found
when
adequate and
underground vents
directed
Authority. ''Vhere
as
by the Administrative
joints are
underground, they shall
approved for use
and
after
and
installation
test.
wrapped

used

for

Fittings.

12.1.5

pipe
and

used

in

the

vent

shall

be
may
installed
threaded
be

coated

the
of
to
Fittings shall conform
type
as
required by paragraphs 12.1.2
system

12.1.3.
12.1.6

shall
be

may

Acid

conform

to

found

12.1.7
deemed

Vent
System.
that
required

adequate
Other

Materials.

preclude
quality when
to

better

Nothing

the

acid-waste

on

acid-waste

of

use

approved

in

other

this

section

materials

such

as

systems

pipe, except
Authority.

Administrative

the

by

piping
for

by

of

as

shall

be

equal

or

Administrative

the

Authority.
12.2

PROTECTION

12.2.1

SEALS

TRAP
The

Traps Protected.

siphonage

or
use

vents,

OF

loop

back
of

vents,

pressure
soil
or
circuit

shall

be

continuous

93

of

trap

accomplished

stacks,

waste
or

protection

vents,
vents,

seals

by

revents,
or

the

from

propriate
apback

combinations

with

in accordance

thereof, installed

CODE

PLUMBING

NATIONAL

STANDARD

AMERICAN

the

requirements

of

this

chapter.
STACKS

VENT

12.3

Installation.

12.3.1
installed

with

soil

branch

TerminaL

The

the

roof

of

extension

of

the

above

with

the

least

6 inches

shall

have

undiminished

in

12.4

roof

Roof

shall

at

run

watertight with
12.4.4
purpose
when
except

least

5 feet above

the

other

by

at

is

plumbing

which

shall

possible,

from

run

the

roof.

as

the

is

the

building nor
horizontally
the

shall

terminal

shall

terminals

shall

of

such

an

top of such

12"4.6

such

shall
shall

wall,
be

be

at

aerials,
anchored

Terminal.

the

to

No

unless

for

purposes,
construction

Authority.
terminal

vent

terminal

vent

used

similar

or

Administrative

opening

Through W5JI.
when

least

turned

made

be
it is

from

door, window,
of an
adjacent
within
at

least

10

feet

feet

opening.

Extensions

through

be

be

not

be

any

for any
extensions

vent

directly beneath
any
ventilatingopening of the building or
shall

system

used

be

to

flashing.

been

of Vent

it.

roof.

vent

proper

the

pipes through

vent

above

protection,

has

piping
safe by

roof

Each

roof

Location

12.4.5

They

weather

the

approved

above

than

Flag Poling. Vent

of flag poling, TV

the

or

Where

Garden.

6 inches

least

at

Flashings.

drainage

which

the

of

Extensions

terminated

be

other

12.4.3

and

air above

open

Extension.

Roof

12.4.2
purpose
shall be

as

dently
indepen-

highest fixture.

stack,

directly

as

the

to

main

one

more

(stack-vent)

of the

rim

or

connected

be

stack

waste

or

two

lief
re-

TERMINALS

VENT

12.4.1
a

least
and

buildingdrain through

shall

or

be

vents,

terminate

Every building in

at

size

building

soil

shall

vent

back

shall

stack

the

main

required in

are

vent

Stack.

Main

12.3.3
installed

vents

or

whenever

flood-level

the

above

stack

waste

or

other
or
vents,
intervals.
branch

12.3.2

stack

vent

to

Vent

terminals

ing
extend-

approved by the Administrative

feet horizontally from
lot
any

10

provide
94

an

opening

downward.

thority,
Auline.

They

AMERICAN

and

in

BARS

12.7

which

when

shall

located

be

in

FIXTURES

12.8

served

with

to

exist,

hopper

or

ventilated

lightedand

which

waste,

space.

trap

soil

or

and

its

into

vent,

may

be

pipe, provided

waste-vent

separately
openings at the

within

back-to-back,

set

wastes

inlet

fittinghaving

between

continuous

one

fixture

each

that

conditions

sink

receiving indirect

sumps,

fixtures

Two

allowed

distance

the

as

BACK-TO-BACK

Distance.

12.8.1

or

properly

such

are

such

floor

construction

vented.

Sinks

Sumps.

counters

When
a

and

location

the

fountains, and

properlytrapped and
12.7.2

bathroom

SINKS

it

such

vent

fixture.

impossible so to do.
shall discharge into
sinks

make

to

Traps. Traps serving sinks

equipment of bars, soda fountains, and

soda

bars,

used

CODE

Fountain-Sink

and

part of the
need not be vented

are

such

is

by

PLUMBING

be

SODA-FOUNTAIN

Bar

counters

of

inlet

being washed
AND

12.7.1

NATIONAL

the

shall

case

no

without

group

STANDARD

level.

same

double

approved

an

(See

graph
para-

12.10.2.)
FIXTURE

12.9

of

Distance

12.9.1
have

VENTS

Trap

from

Vent.

Each

fixture

trap shall

veloped
that the slope and
the delocated
so
protecting vent
fixture
drain
from
the
in
the
the
weir
to
length
trap
the
forth
in Table
within
fitting are
requirements set

vent

12.9.3.

Trap-Seal

12.9.2
be

provided

the

admission

or

the

use

to

with

pressure

Protection.

system

emission

of

The
vent

of air

so

shall
plumbing system
piping which will permit

that

under

normal

seal

of any
fixture trap shall not
be
differential of more
than
1 inch of water.

and

subjected

12.9.3
Table
Size

12.9.3
of fixture

DISTANCE

OF

FIXTURE

Distance

drain

Inches
1
1

TRAP

1/4
1/2

96

tended
in-

VENT

FROM
trap

to

vent

AND

VENTS

12.9.4

for

pipe, except

waste

below

be

not

the

pipe diameters

as

individual

in
with-

with

connect

fixture traps
drain at the

two

vertical

installed

vent,

for

vent

common

drains

fixture

both

installed

shall be

vent

An

Vent.

used

be

vertically,may
when

fixtures,shall

of the trap weir.

Individiial

12.10.1

or

trap.

back

No

similar

soil

VENT

COMMON

12.10

and

closets
of the

Vent.

from

pipe opening

vent

water

weir

top

Crown

12.9.5
two

The

Trap Dip.

VENTING

level.

same

fixtures

two

set

levels
smaller
and

the

VENTS

the

connection,
distance

FOR

but

in

different

entering at
be permitted
WET

case

no

vent

in table

12.9.3.

TRAP

BELOW

in other

the

but

in

TRAP

drain

larger

DIP
be

trap outlet

unvented

one
case

no

is the

drains shall
the

is

vented

and

vent

exceed

the

12.9.3.
stack
has
If any
fixtures entering
than
the
fixtures other
fixture

Levels.

highest

Single
be

lavatory,

drain

drain

the

level

shall

be

of this

sections

vented, except

as

may

chapter.

VENTING

12.12,1
of fixtures

fixture

Table

shall

levels,

the

wet

FIXTURE

Different

12.11.2

12.12

to

for
ferent
dif-

connecting at

vertical

upper
fixture
drain, whichever

conform

provided for

at

the

but

used

be

may

the

Fixture
HydraulicGradient.
between
hydraulic gradient

12.11.1
within

vent

common

floor level

same

lower

drains

that both

stack, provided

the

larger than

than

12.11

the

on

in

diameter

pipe

Vent.

Common

12.10.2

may
kitchen

for

single bathroom

Groups.

installed

with

drain

sink,

combination

Bathroom

bathtub

or

or

the

shower

stall

from

fixture
and

for the

group
back-vented

serving

as

closet,

water

provided that:
(a) Not
inch

diameter

drain into

(b)
level

more

The
as

than
wet

2-inch

vent

or

diameter

horizontal
the

fixture unit

one

branch

water-closet

not
wet

more

than

four

into

fixture

1/2units

vent.

connects

drain

is drained

or

97

to

below

the
the

stack

at

the

water-closet

same

drain

AMERICAN

installed

when

Double

12.12.2
floor

with
for

provided the
of the

the

on

be

may

and

stalls
inches

conforms

to

in

Table

used

as

wet

vent

on

with

for

the

back

no

vent

closets,

water

diameter,

or

branch

and

the

length

12.9.3"
On

for

from

one

or

to

the

the

lower

one

or

floors
tories
lava-

two

bathtubs

two

or

provided that:
The

inches

the

bathtubs

two

and

Groups.
MultistoryBathroom
the
waste
multistory building,
pipe

(a)

to

horizontal

same

lavatories

is 2

vent

drain

and

lavatories

two

installed

shower

or

wet

fixture

showers

connect

back-to-back

groups

12.12.3

of*a

CODE

also

It may

Bathroom

for the

vent

bathtubs

the

of

be

may

common

floor,

top

Bath.

consisting

stalls

shower

the

on

PLUMBING

bend.

water-closet

top

NATIONAL

STANDARD

and

vent

wet

its

extension

is

stack

vent

in diameter.
Each

(b)

closet

water

below

the

top

floor

is

individually

vented.

back

(c) The

stack

vent

Table

12.12.4

is sized

12.12.3c

SIZE

as

OF

given
VENT

in Table

12.1 2. 3^"

STACKS

wet
multistory bathroom
groups,
in accordance
with paragraph 12.12.3, the water
closets
below
the top floor need
be
if the 2not
individually vented
inch
into
the
water-closet
bend
waste
connects
at
a
directly
45 deg
in the
angle to the horizontal portion of the bend

Exception.

In

vented

direction

of flow.

STACK

12.13

12.13.1

VENTING
One-Bathroom
of
group
kitchen
sink

12.13.2,
and

group

without
or

on

the

Group. Except as indicated

fixtures, consisting of one

top

floor

combination

or

individual

fixture
of

may

one-story
building, provided each

98

vents,

fixture,
in

in graph
parabathroom

be

stalled
in-

ing
buildfixture

VENTS

drain
and

bathtub

the

street

shall

water

12.14

INDIVIDUAL

or

lavatories

vented

line

branch

without

inches

wastes

1/4

to

inch

per

12.14.2
closets

connecting
A

on

stack-vented

and

lavatory,

one

is

pitch

not

and

of the branch
a

of

main-

horizontal

2-inch

with

Required.

of

waste

less

than

provided
and

the

not

more

the

branch
than

shall

or

not

be

combination

not

water

Above

3 fixture

less

than

such

fixture connections

inches

than

water

each

in

and

Bathtubs

of fixtures

than

more

Units

other

closet,
individuallyvented.

from

fixture
is

fixtures

When

downstream

downstream

venting, provided
connection

into

of Fixture

stack

frequent

developed length

the side

Limits

rating
into

when

foot.

discharge

Closets,

feet

connection

stack

Where

12.14.3

and

back-vented

or

the

reventing, provided the branch

diameter
throughout its length,

its

12.9. 3-

combination

cause

vent

sink

One

installed

be

connected

are

leads

to

same

REVENTING

Branches.

within

may

in

to

in Table

group,

below

stack

the

at

or

bathroom

the

FIXTURE

Horizontal

three

stack

sink

closet

water

bathtub.

or

12.14.1

When

stack-vented

connected

be

the

requirements

sufficientlyoverloaded
relief
a
building sewer,

of the

closet

the

is

sewer

submersion

the

and

stack

enters

Sewers.

the

to

connects

fixture

with

Overtaxed

12.13.2
fixture

the

drain

shower-stall

or

in accordance

and

VENTING

independentlyto

connects

level

AND

whose

units

Water

total

charge
dis-

discharge

may

diameter

without

made

are

ture
fix-

above

re-

the

bathtub
closet,
highest
fee-wye,
the fixture-unit rating of the stack
is not
otherwise
exceeded,
and
their waste
otherwise
as
piping is installed
required in
paragraph 12.14.1.

12.15

CIRCUIT

12.15.1
which

the

to

water

AND

LOOP

VENTING

two

not

than

more

branch

Battery Venting.
but

or

eight water

type), pedestal urinals, trap

stalls, or

by
last

floor

circuit
fixture

serving

more

or

drains

are

loop

vent

connected
which

connection.
than

three

In
water

soil

closets

standard
in

shall

or

to

pipe to
out
(except blow-

waste

floor,

battery,shall
take

off

in

front

addition, lower-floor
closets

99

shall

be

be

shower
vented
of the

branches

provided

with

STANDARD

AMERICAN

relief

lavatories

When

vertical

of

PLUMBING

connection.

discharge

shall

branch

CODE

first fixture

the

fixtures

similar

or

each

branches,

off in front

taken

vent

NATIONAL

above

such

provided with

be

tinuous
con-

vent.

12.15.2
serve

branch

shall

be

distant

most

two

closets)

water

sucli

fixture

from

are

or

to

sanitary

each

The

provided.
position as

to

12.17

in

to

main

continuation

at

vertical

angle

fixtures
Battery. When
double
through a
wye
for
a
vent
common
position,
double

shall

of the

be

double

connection
installed

shall

in

be

vertical

connection.

EJECTORS
from

vents

fixture-branch

vent

pneumatic ejector

but

vent

stack-vent

or

RELIEF

or

shall
the

to

shall

be carried

not

be

ly
separate-

air.

open

VENTS

Stacks

12.17.1

off

lief
re-

the

in

or

vent

circuit, loop, 01
branch,

branch

vertical

common

each

branch,

branch.

back-to-back

Relief

12.16.1

(than

fixtures

horizontal

taken

horizontal

PNEUMATIC

connected

be

horizontal

one

the

off the

Back-to-Back

tee

fixtures

two

12.16

shall

Fixtures

connected

other

horizontal

When

taken

are

top of the

12.15.4

When

rhe

Connections.

connection

the

above

vented.

connections

branch

closets.

water

be

Vent

vent
vent

When

discharge

shall

12.15.3

or

branches
pajallelhorizontal
closets
(four on each branch),each
eight water
at a point between
provided with a relief vent

total of

the

''lual Branches.

of More

Intervals.

Branch

10

Than

Soil

and

vals
interthan
10 branch
buildings having more
tenth
val
interrelief vent
each
shall be provided with
at
a
of the
floor.
The
size
with
the
installed, beginning
top
stack
of the vent
relief
the
size
shall
be equal to
to
vent

waste

stacks

which

it

to

horizontal

above

The

connects.

connect

connect

in

the

soil

branch
to

the

the
floor

or

stack

of

stack

waste

serving

vent

end

lower

the

level.

100

through

floor

through

each

and

the

wye

not

relief
a

wye

vent

below
end

upper
than
less

shall
the
shall

3 feet

VENTS

OFFSETS

12.18

AT

HORIZONTAL

MORE

STORIES

VENTING

ANGLE

AN

THE

AND

LESS

BUILDINGS

IN

OF

than

45

Separate Venting. Such offsets

soil or waste
stacks, namely,
separate

may
the

Offset

12.18.1

FIVE

OR

12.18.3.
12.18.2

two

below

the

and

offset

relief

vent

section

of the

stack

section

between

the

branch.
with
be

less

12-19

AH

12. 19^^!
size

their

at

waste

pipe,

pipes

shall

shall

be

12.20

shall

then
be

12. 21.
all

being

of the

12.21

SIZE

12.21.1

lowest

zontal
hori-

or

be

vided
pro-

shall

not

soil and

of the

shall

fixture

soil

main

main

soil
All

branch.
above

waste

or

full

connect

the

to

or

irt size

the

the

or

vent

roof,or

vento

sized

number

extension

Length

and

stack

of

LENGTH
of

being

thereto

from

Vent

the

to

the

vent

stacks

vent

the

top of the

point. This
requirements of

one

the

the
the

at

at

with

of units

length

vent

air

open

in accordance

distant

AND

the

to

and

header

vent

common

connected

most

Stack-vents

of Vents.

extended

longest

direct

stacks

with

into

5,-the

stacks
the

shall

BASE

undiminished

Connections

header

vent,

AT
vent

or

the

lower

HEADERS

connected
and

Table

below

or

the

smaller.

buildingdrain

the

to

reconnected

may
stacks

as

at

VENT

be

base

base

lower

vents

or

stalling
in-

by

of the
to

offset

of the

main

CONNECT

vents

extend

12.20.1

on

main

of

of the

TO

vented

fixture

lower
the

diameter

is the

offset.

the

connected

next

section

vent.

VENTS

the

The

whichever

MAIN

and

offset

as

section

stack

be
may
continuation

vent

vented

be

offsets

side

upper

above

vertical

as

or

section

Such

diameter

the

stack,

waste

stack

as

The

yoke

than

the

Reliefs.

Offset

12.18.3

air

FROM

deg from the

stack, except as permitted in
comply with paragraphs 12.18.2
less

Offsets

Vents.

horizontal, in a soil or waste

Chapter 11, Section il.6, shall
and

45 DEG

THAN

sum

of

all units

developed length
intersection

terminal

at

in the

the
open

stack.

one

OF

VENTS

Stacks.

101

The

length

of

the

vent

stack

main

or

shall be

vent

of the

connection

CODE

developed length from

its

vent

PLUMBING

the

with

system

the

est
low-

soil

stack, waste
inates
terminal, if it term-

stack
building drain to the vent
of the
separately in the open air, or to the connection
with
the stack-vent, plus the developed length of
stack

stack,
vent

or

air, if the

vents

two

the

to

than

one-half

12.21.3
shall be

12.21.4
circuit

or

loop
of the

piping

fixture units

Twenty

per

be

of

than
the

open

single

1/4

inches

which

to

diameter

the

of

diameter

drain

The

Vent.

Circuit

or

of

diameter

be

not

stack,
Vent

less

of

tension
ex-

dividual
in-

an

nor

less

it is

nected.
con-

relief

vent

soil

the

or

from

thereto,
total

The

102

size

branch

or

nominal

size

of

length and the

provided in Table

its
as

length may

position.

waste

the

of
the

is smaller.

whichever

determined
of the

or

of

diameter

one-half

than

soil

Piping.

The

Vent.

Loop

horizontal

connected
cent

in the

it is connected.

the

of

The

Vents.

one-half

shall

vent

Size

shall

than

vent

of

terminal

together with

less

not

diameter

of

Size

12.21.5

be

which

to

diameter

diameter

Individual

less

not

connected

of Relief

Size

branch

waste

of

the

the

to

air.

shall

vent

connection

are

open

Size

12.21.2

the

from

stack-vent

the

the

NATIONAL

STANDARD

AMERICAN

be

installed

vent

total

of

12.21.5in

zontal
hori-

Chapter

13

DRAINS

GENERAL

13.1

Required.
courtyards, shall

and

courts,

system

or

combined-sewer

paved

Roofs,

Drainage

13.1.1

where

system

yards,

areas,

into

drained

be

storm-sewer

such

systems

are

available,
Prohibited

13.1.2
drained

into

to

shall
or

physical

conditions.

13.1.5

Subsoil

under

cellar

the

walls

outer

of

in
the

located

floor

drains

subsoil
or

are

used

to

sleeves

or

variations

placed

are

surround

the

of open-jointed
building, they shall be made
split or perforated clay tile, or perforated

fiber

inches

connected

when

Expansion
joints
by temperature

Where

basement

be

not

trapped.

warranted

Drains.

or

horizontally

or

bituminized

where

provided

drains,

storm

Joints.

Expansion

be

be

shall

water

only.

sewage

and

shall

sewer,

13.1.4

for

Leaders

Traps.

combined

intended

sewers

13.1.3

Storm

Drainage.

pipe

diameter.
subsoil

asbestos

or

When

drain

backwater

valve.

properly trapped

be

Subsoil

drain

area

the

shall

or

pipe, not less than

water,
building is subject to backprotected by an accessibly
cement

drains

sump.

may
Such

discharge
do

sumps

into
not

a
quire
re-

vents.

13-1.6
below

the

Building
public sewer
the

receiving

tank

lifted

discharged

and

building
13.2

Subdrains.
level

contents

into

the

located
Building subdrains
shall
discharge into a sump or
shall
be
of which
automatically
as
required for
drainage system

sumps.

MATERIALS

13.2.1

Inside

Conductors.

Conducters

a
building or run
vent
or
pipe
galvanized steel, galvanized wrought
lead.
alloys, brass, copper,
or

in

shaft

104

shall

within

placed
be

of

cast

iron, galvanized

iron,
ferrous

Outside

13.2.2
sheet

metal

storm

sewer,

DRAINS

Leaders.

When

and

connected

they

shall

the

finish

above
be

STORM

with

be

outside

to

cast-iron

the sheet-metal

or

of

are

drain

building storm

connected

grade,

leaders

drain

leader

or
tending
ex-

shall

protectedagainst injury

drains
Underground Storm E"rains. Building storm
the
inside
iron soil
underground,
building,shall be of cast
pipe.

13.2.3

Building

13.2.4

Storm

Drains.

Building

drains

storm

with a
underground, inside the building,when not connected
shall be of cast-iron
sewer
soil pipe or
sanitaryor combined
when
that
strative
ferrous-alloy
piping except
approved by the AdminiAuthority, vitrified-clay
pipe, concrete
pipe, bituminized-fiber
pipe and asbestos-cement
pipe, may be used.

Building Storm

13.2.5
shall

be

Sewers.

The

sewer
building storm
pipe, vitrified-clay
pipe, concrete
asbestos-cement
or
pipe,
pipe.

of cast-iron

soil

pipe, bituminized-fiber
TRAPS

13.3

Main

13.3.1
installed

the

on

Individual

Trap.

storm-water

drain

storm-water

branch

serving

be

shall

traps

each

con-

main
storm
ducter, or a single trap shall be installed
its connection
with the combined
drain just before
building
main
or
drain,
public sewer.
sewer,
in the

Material.

13.3.2
be

of

required,shall

iron.

cast

No

13.3.3
which

traps, when

Storm-water

traps
connected

are

shall
to

be

required for
carryingstorm

sewer

drains

storm-water

exclusive-

water

ly.
13.3.4
size

as

Traps
the

1^.3.5

for individual

horizontal
Conductor

cleanout

may

drain

to

shall

conductors
which

traps shall
installed

they are

be

so

on

the

AND

CONNECTIONS

same

connected.

located

be

be

the

that

building

an

side

cessible
ac-

of the

trap.
1 3 .4

CONDUCTORS

13.4.1
or

vent

Conductor

pipes,

nor

pipes

shall

shall

soil, waste,

conductors.
105

be

not
or

used
vent

as

soil, waste,

pipes

be

used

as

driveways,

other

or

shall be

wall,

constructed

or

where

locations

ferrous

from

along alley ways,

be exposed to
may
into the
guards, recessed

they

metal

protected by

damage

installed

conductors

Rain-water

13.4.2

CODE

PLUMBING

NATIONAL

STANDARD

AMERICAN

alloy pipe-

The
with
sanitary drainage.
Combining storm
of a building shall be
sanitary and storm-drainage system
is
that
combined
where
sewer
a
entirely separate,
except

13.4.3

drain
be
building storm
jon nected
may
Y
horizontal
fittingto the
plane through a single

same

in the

the

available

drain

at

sewer

or

least

feet

10

bined
com-

from

any

Vihere

the

downstream

soil stack.
Double

13.4.4

sanitary and
combined

drains

storm

sewer,

relative

the

drains

Floor

to

connected

and

the

connections

drain

storm

of the

requirements

of

location

to

sides

both

on

used

be

paragraph 13.4.3
shall also apply.

Drains.

connected

are

single Y's shall

of

13.4.5

of Storm

Connections

shall

b?

trapped.

ROOF

13.5

DRAINS
Material.

13.5.1

other

lead, or

of

the

shall
less
the

roof

be

than

extending not
immediately adjacent

roof

than

available

an

l]4 times

the

iron, copper,

cast

inlet

those

except

areas,

equipped

less

have

of

shall be

corrosion-resistingmaterial.

All

shall

gutters,

strainers

drains

acceptable

Strainers.

13.5.2

hanging

Roof

to

area,

the

above

drain.
roof

having

the

above

roof

of the conductor

area

drains

roof

with

4 inches

drainingto
surface
Strainers

leader

or

of

level,

not

which

to

drain is connected.
Flat

13.5.3

Roof

Decks.

decks, parking decks,

and

and

of the

maintained,

deck
times

and
the

shall

may
have
of

area

be
an

the

drain

similar

strainers

conductor

inlet
or

leader

use

on

type,

level

to

with

less

not

area

which

sun

serviced

normally

areas,

flat surface

available

for

the

than

the

drain

is connected.

13.5.4
roofs

and

Roof
roof

interior of the
proper

Drain

drains

Flashinj^s. The

which

building

connection
the

roof

between

into the
through
pass
shall be made
of
watertight by the use

flashingmaterial.
106

and

DRAINS

STORM

13.6

projectedroof

13.6.1

Table

The
as

sectional
NOTE:

of

area

See

or

that

or

less

roof

of

circle

to

the

to

sized

on

or

square

which

may

the

maximum

following table:

VERTICAL

OF

Table

LEADERS

rectangular
be

leader

inscribed

be

may

within

the

Drain.

Storm

any
per

foot, shall
to

be

be

The

size

branches
based

handled

of

the

having
the

upon

according

to

building
slope of

maximum
the

13.6.2

SIZE

OF

HORIZONTAL

107

STORM

jected
pro-

following

table:

Table

taken
cross-

13.6.2.

of its horizontal

area

be

leader.

Building

drain

'^ inch

the

footnote

13.6.2
storm

of

SIZE

diameter

equivalent

diameter

shall

according

area,

DRAINS

STORM

AND

leaders

Vertical

13.6.1

the

LEADERS

OF

SIZE

DRAINS

STANDARD

AMERICAN

13.6.1 and 13-6.2

Tables

PLUMBING

NATIONAL

of rainfall of 4 inches

maximum

state,

rate

other

city, or

of rainfall

rate

is

more

or

figures for roof area

be adjusted proportionately
must
by multiplying the figure by
of rainfall in inches
4 and dividing by the maximum
rate
per
than

less

inches

then

maximum

upon

If in any

hour.

per
the

politicalsubdivision,

based

are

CODE

hour,

per

the

hour.

Roof

13.6.3
shall
the

to

based

be

on

following

the

Gutters

other

than

lional

sec

area

in

area

COMBINED

according

be

GUTTERS

OF

used

provided

DRAINS

When
less

256

horizontal

to

they

have

an

equivalent

to

area

combined

SEVtERS

AND

unit

fixture

fixtuie

units,

projectionshall

be

The

sewer.

storm

drainage

loads.

unit

load
the

of

units

fixture

equivalentfixture

total

the

than

roof

of

be connected
may
be converted
to
may

is

SIZE

may

Conversion

13.7.2
drain

13.6.3

semicircular

OF

13.7.1
drains

area,

gutters

area,

SIZE

13.7

projectedroof

maximum

table:

TABLE

cross-

semicircular

of

^size

The

Gutters.

the

on

combined

equivalent drainage

taken

as

1000

square

feet.
Uhen

13.7.3

units,
of

each

3.9 square

total

the
fixture

feet of

unit

fixture-unit
shall

drainage

area.

108

be

load

exceeds

considereti

the

256

ture
fix-

equivalent

DRAINS

STORM

If the

13.7.4
than

rainfall

hour, the 1000 square

per
13.7.2 and the 3.9 in paragraph

inches

paragraph
by multiplying by

VALUES

13.8

discharge

upon

FOR
Where

13.8.1

as

4 and

dividingby

for

is

foot

13.7.3
the

more

or

less

equivalent
shall

be

rainfall per

in

justed
adhour

provided for.

be

to

provided

be

to

into

the

CONTINUOUS
there

is

buildingstorm

FLOW
continuous

drain

or

semicontinuous

buildingstorm
sewer,
from a pump,
vice,
ejector,air-conditioningplant, or similar deof such
each
puted
gallon per minute
discharge shall be com24
feet
of
roof
based
as
being equivalent to
area,
square
a

4-inch

rainfall.

109

or

14

Chapter

AND

TESTS,

INSPECTION,
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS

14.1

14.1.1

Work.

New

All

plumbing

new

of

work,

such

ana

affected

be

existing systems
as
by new
may
be
insure
shall
to
changes,
inspected
compliance
this
Code
and
that
the
of
to
assure
requirements
construction
of the plumbing
and
is in
system
with approved plans.

any
the

14.2

Advance

permit to
plumbing

when

14.2.2
the

work

of

14.2.3
that

the

be

ready

for

to

before

giving
If

all

lation
instalance
accord-

PLUMBING

14.3.1

It

shall

the

the

holder

Authority

be

work

the

will

of

duty

stand

the

notification.

Administrative
the

test,

Authority

holder

of
and

corrections

finds

permit

shall

the

work

shall

inspection.

or

shall

Authority

of

duty

inspection.

or

that

the

the

test

Tests

Test.

test

necessary
for

the

Administrative

the

sure

the

pass

make

to

make

permit

Administrative

14.3

is

be

Responsibility.

resubmitted

14.2.4
the

to

willnot

required

then

notice

Retesting.
work

It shall

give

prescribed

rest

Notice.

Plumber's

holder

be

or

with

NOTIFICATION

14.2.1
of

tions
por-

work

conducted

be
his

or

in

the

duly appointed

of

presence

tive.
representa-

PLANS

Examination

required to be
Authority

of

submitted
for

All

Plans.
shall

and

plans

examined

be

under

acceptability

by

the

specifications
the

tive
Administra-

provisions

of

this

Code.
14.4

VIOLATIONS

or

of

Notices

14.4.1
delivered

by
at

the

the
time

violations

shall

Administrative

be

written

Authority

inspection

was

110

made.

to

the

and

mailed

person

sponsible
re-

AMERICAN

less

than

shall

be
the
to

for
shall

then

the

of

test

be

least

at

of

water.

10

feet

CODE

PLUMBING

tions
sectesting successive
section
next
preceding
upper
tested, so that no joint or pipe in the building (except
feet
of
the
10
have
shall
been
mitted
subsystem)
uppermost

shall

water

head

10-foot

least

at

NATIONAL

STANDARD

kept

14.9.2

than

Air

before

all

tightat

head

in the

or

inspection

portion
starts;

the

air

shall

test

made

be

test,

system

by attaching
opening,

suitable

to
testing apparatus
compressor
any
after closing all other
inlets
and
outlets

and,

The

water.

under

air

an

of

points.

The

Test.

10-foot

system,

minutes

15

be

less
in the

In

of the

to

the

system,

until there is a uniform

forcing air into the system
gage
sure
presof 5 psi or sufficient
balance
column
of mercury
10
to
a
inches
in height. This
shall
held
without
duction
introbe
pressure
of additional
air for a period of at least
15 minutes.

and

Test.

Final

14.9.3
vent

test.

the

by fillingall traps
entire
smoke
the

on

minutes
is

column

water

before

preferred,

line

14.10.2

Method.

by

of

than

mint
pepperbe made

point

at

shall

head

AND
test

or

plumbing system,

or

and

con

has

for

peppermint
shall

of

no

of

with

be

or

NOT

15

test

duced
intro-

is
a

tested.
end

of

the

public sewer
testing with not

flow

test

as

provided

substituted.

REQUIRED

shall

inspection

part thereof,
nection
with

be

be

plugging

and

water

water,

112

of
with

connection

TEST

shall

sewers

consist

Authority may

INSPECTION
No

the

peppermint

Building

Test

Administrative

14.11.1

of

maintained

stack.

or

10-foot

and

Where

starts.

fillingthe building sewer

14.11

then

built

be

oil

Required.

building sewer

the

or

age
drain-

SEWER

BUILDING
Test

less

test

preferred, it shall

and

shall

ounces

14.10.1

and

completed

smoke

is

water

inspection

for each

14.10

with

either
test

of the

test

introducing into the

thick
smoke
a
more
or
produced by one
system
pungent,
the smoke
When
stack
machines.
at
openings
appears
and
roof they shall be closed
a
equivalent to
pressure

1-inch

final

be
may
smoke

system
Where

The

set
water

be

required

up

for

or

where

exhibition

poses
pur-

drainage "ystem.

14.12

TEST

supply

WATER-SUPPLY

OF

it shall

system,

less

not
pressure
be used.
to

water

it is
from

potable

14.13

14.13.1
shall

The

Leaders

or

tested

14.9.1

the

to

the

CERTIFICATE

water-

under

pressure

shall

tests

which

obtained

be

water

OR
andbranches

within

in accordance

air

or

DOWNSPOUTS
a

with

ing
buildgraph
para-

APPROVAL

satisfactory completion and

a

certificate

Authority

to

final

approval shall
the plumber to be

be

of

test

of

issued

delivered

owner.

PLUMBING

DEFECTIVE
Wherever

l4ol5.1

of any

system

subjected
corrected

14,16

to
as

there

is

reason

building has

to

become

believe

the

that

defective,

ing
plumb-

it shall

be

inspectionand any defects found shall be

required in writingby the Administrative
Authority.
test

or

MAINTENANCE

14.l6ol
the

maintained
owner

LEADERS

OF

Administrative

14=15

under

for

entire

proved tight under

and

working

downspouts

by

Upon the
plumbing system

by

the

of the

14.9.2.

or

14.14.1
the

tested

or

supply.

INTERIOR

be

section

used

water

of

source

be
than

OF

TEST

14.14

SYSTEM

Upon completion of

14.12.1

MAINTENANCE

AND

TESTS

INSPECTION,

or

The

plumbing

and

jurisdictionof the
in

sanitary and

Administrative
safe

his agent.

113

of any

premises
Authority shall be
operating condition by the

drainage system

Appendix
INDIVIDUAL

WATER

SUPPLY

INTRODUCTION

water
to
a
municipal
supply or public
that
certain
it is essential
possible,
cautions
presystem
in the
of individual
taken
be
supplies.
development
be
Consideration
must
given to the hydrological, geological,
and
quality
bacteriological factors
affecting the quantity and
these
In many
of available
on
water.
cases
specific information

connection

Where

is

water

matters

the

to

of

development
residential

or

sizes

and

water
to

water

Health

Service,

System'^

to

system

requirements

by public water
developed in which

the

proper
In such

consideration

conform

those

the

of

of

The

area.

be
munity
com-

following

detail

"Individual

Joint

supply
lot

al
individu-

development
in

the

it would

instances

forth

185,

of

Recommendation

location

entire

set

No.

Supplement

the

to

the

serve

to

prior

supply.

water

been

permit

to

ties.
authori-

health
consulted

be

served

not

have

systems.

sewerage
serious

give

any

local

or

should

individual

areas

inadequate

are

State

authorities

system

sewerage

the

from

such

event,

any

Many

well

obtained

be

may
In

not

in

Public

Supply

Water

Committee

Rural

on

Sanitation.

GENERAL

A.l

A. 1.1

Ground

Water

be

properly located,
safeguarded against
A. 1.2

the

Well

well

to

potential
In
to

order
consider

the
of

The
an

the

cone

well,

depression
and

the

type

separation

formed
of

rock

of

location

in

the
the

shall

order

in

chosen

be

distance
as

construction,

table, permeability

water

site

adequate

and

character
well

well

contamination

determine

to

type
of

of

should

supply

be

to

contamination.

situated

sources

ground-water
and
operated

constructed,

Location.

be

Supply.

from

specified
the

permit

existing

in

Table

it is

necessary,
of

to

source

and

A. 3. 2.

essential

of

nation,
contami-

natural

hydraulic gradient of
water-bearing formation, extent
due
table
water
to
pumping the

structure.

114

In

residential

areas,

the

WATER

INDIVIDUAL

possible effect of
supply should also
A. 1.3

the

will

drilled.

the

depend on
water-bearing
drought. They

are

since

than

dug

A. 2.1

the

per

be

person

adequate
of 5

rate

A. 2. 2
mineral

A. 2. 3
bacteria
be

on

chlorinated

local

or

the

Dug,

their

of
less

the

of

depth

greater

affected

by

health

WATER

minimum

quantity of

should

use

The

well

be

water

less

not

to

than

50

and

pumping equipment
at
required quantity of water

the

minute.
shall

water

contain

capable
causing
consuming the water.

chemical

no

unfavorable

or

logical
physio-

those

The

disease
after

which
State

to

four

constructed

be

from

of

Chlorination.
andother

into
follows:

as

and

area

OF

The

day.

The

Water.

effects

water

public
nation
protected against contami-

better

provide

gallons per

Safe

die

wells.

per

substances

of

desirable

QUALITY

to

well

wells, because
yields and are

more

Quantity.
ordinary domestic

for

type
the

of

be

Minimum

provide
gallons
shall

bored

AND

QUANTITY

The

greater

usually
they may

or

of construction,

Drilled

have

of

classified

be

may

geology

strata.

usually

viewpoint

A. 2

Wells

of methods

basis

safety

the

on

considered.

be

bored, driven, and

depth

construction

new

Classification.

on

groups

SUPPLY

may
health

shall

water

be

free

producing organisms.

construction
have

repair

or

gained

department

to

should

be

pathogenic
well

remove

the

to

access

from
The

should

any

tamination
con-

supply. (The

contacted

relative

possible bacteriologicaltesting.)

to

A. 3

LOCATION

A. 3-1
any
source

Table

Minimum

Distance.

ground-water point
of

contamination

of

The

origin

shall

be

A. 3. 2.

115

minimum
and
not

distance

suction
less

than

lines
that

between
and

any
in

given

APPENDIX

Table
DISTANCES

FROM

A.3.2
OF

SOURCE

CONTAMINATION

Distance

Distance

(feet)l
Sewer

Septic tanks
Subsurface
These

A. 3. 3

drainage

rock
is

water

and

2 feet

from

of

The

well

should

be

above

or

where

the

contamination

100

at

The

the

highest
horizontally from

150
should

be

have

the

surface

possible

should

mark
bodies

of

well.

than

well

water

surface

in

movement

good

elevation

of

increased

of

the

toward

higher
top
known

100

direction

should

site

and
of

be
at

at

1 east

water.

CONSTRUCTION

A. 4.1

shall
Depth. In no case
from
a
developed
water-bearing
feet below
grade.

Preferably,
least

and

separation

sources

contamination.

50 feet measured
A. 4

minimum

limestone,

or

Elevation.

of

sources

constitute

creviced

ground

least

50

distances

fields

disposal

Seepage pits
Cesspools

.50

pits

of

areas

the

(feet)l
Subsurface

50

20

feet

the

from

A. 4. 2

Outside

A. 4. 3

Cover.

an

individual

stratum

located

should
water-bearing stratum
natural
ground surface.

water

less

be

supply

be

than

10

located

at

the

Casing. The well shall be provided with an

outside
and
water-tightcasing extending at least 10 feet below
6
and
the ground surface.
In the case
inches
above
of drilled or
driven
the
should
of
steel
be
or
wells,
casing
wrought iron. For
be of concrete
6 inches
dug or bored wells the casing should
that in the case
of the buried-slab
thick, except
type of dug or
bored
the
10-foot
section
of casing should
be of
well,
upper
steel or wrought iron as
for drilled wells.
The
annular
provided
between
the
shall
be
space
casing and the earth formation
grouted to a depth of at least 10 feet. The casing shall be large
of an
enough to permit the installation
independent drop pipe.
The
should
sealed
in an
be
casing
preferably
impermeable
extended
several
feet into the water-bearing stratum.
stratum
or
provided with a watertight
The
casing or pipe sleeve.
top
annular
the casing or
and
opening between
drop
pipe sleeve
either
pine shall be sealed
by extending the casing or pipe
sleeve
into the base
of the pump
suitable
or
by some
type of
cover

"well

Every
overlapping the

well

shall

of

the

seal."

116

be

WATER

INDIVIDUAL

A. 4. 4

Drainage.
sloped to drain

The

shall be

constructed

of

material

approved by

be

A. 4. 5
the

Dug

A. 4. 6

Pipe

permit removal
provided in
1 inch

A. 5

PUMPING

A. 5.1
to

as

the

The

cover.

should

pipe sleeve

extend

at

least

cover.

shall

be

of any

entrance

Head.

The

constructed

so

and

installed

contaminatingsubstances
shall

head

pump

contaminating

any

Well

facilitate
A. 5.4

Cover.

Priming.

by

be

into

designed as
reaching the water

from

substance

so

A. 5. 7

well

be

The

Room.

the

well

Where

basement,

less

than

18 inches

A. 5. 8

Weil

Pits.

A. 5.9

Pressure

The

Tank.

designed

installation

shall

the

the
above

be

and

to

installed

repair.

is

room

floor

ing
freez-

of

situated

shall

in

an

be

located

not

mended.
recom-

floor.
well

tank

capacity of 42 gallons per dwelling unit

117

designed

so

protected against

room
pump
the basement

pressure

be

of properly designed and

pump

installation

shall
and

maintenance

of

Pump

designed as
or
casing.

so

cover

so

heating or by means
underground discharge.

from

be

necessary.
The

Protection.

the

shall

pump

be

not

shall

pump
with

seal

necessary

means

installed

The

Maintenance.

facilitate

A. 5. 6

The

waterproof

priming will

A. 5. 5

not

well.

the

of the pump.

A. 5. 3

offset

at

well,
inches

diameter
to
pipe sleeve of sufficient
drop pipe and cylinderor jet body shall

Pumps

the

Pump

prevent

to

bored

or

least

supply.

chamber

as

dug

the

Pumps.

water

that

of

case

EQUIPMENT

prevent

A. 5. 2
to

of
the

thick, or other

Authority.

downward

extend

overlap
or
curbing of

the

above

In the

Well.

Sleeve.

be

Administrative

the

floor

platform or

4 inches

least

at

floor shall

room

pump
The

well.

the

concrete

and

wall

the

platform or

from

away

Bored

or

shall

cover

outside

well

SUPPLY

pits is

with

should

minimum

age
stor-

be installed.

Appendix

SYSTEM

SEWAGE-DISPOSAL

INDIVIDUAL

INTRODUCTION

The

connection
be
to

made

to

public

number
be

given

is

sewer

plant. Specific

treatment

from

of

local

the

when

and

community

should

considerable

should
and

system

sewer

this

on

authorities

by

connection

consideration

served,

information

is

sewage
effort

When

extensions.

be

to

are

construction

the

to

of

feasible

not

residences

of

disposing of
Every
system.

satisfactory method
a
to
public sewerage
secure
public sewer

most

matter

be

may

tained
ob-

In

having

jurisdiction.
any
the
tion
installato
authority
prior
event,
individual
of an
sewage-disf"osal system.
Sewage-disposal
installations
establishments
for multiple
serving commercial
units
be
in
accordance
with
shall
designed
dwelling
ments
requireof the Administrative
Authority.
such

In

those

instances

should

be

where

the

sewage-disposal
based

Public

on

Committee
conducted
the
of

the

by

and

Reprint
As

Housing
the opinion that

and

in

shape of the septic tank

permissible provided, that the
reduced
below
500 gallons.

within

report

be

may

Joint
studies

sponsored

by

Joint Committee

modified

the

are

the

research

of

the

Agency,

Finance

ing
follow-

"Individual
of

Service

Health

the

requirements

result

dential
resi-

private

2461

No.

recommendations

"

Public

U.S.

avoided,

These

followed.

Sanitation.

Home

of

be

cannot

Service

Systems"

Rural

on

be

Health

Sewage-Disposal

installation

system

should

requirements

consulted

the

is

following

respects:
1.

Variations
limits

are

is
2.

Insofar

not

as

in

suspended-solids
tanks

when
should

not

less
no

than

125

and

baffles

tanks

such
be

to

appear

used,

are

than

that

set

the

forth

each

and

the

inlet

compartment
118

is

and

liquid

concerned,

city
capa-

ti-compartm
mul-

be

ever,
satisfactory; howtotal
liquid capacity
in the existing recommendations;
should

single compartment

gallons;
for

also

reduction

total

reasonable

outlet

should

less

contain
connections

follow

the

prin-

APPENDIX

B.2

LOCATION
Distances.

B.2.1
distances

that
of the

shall

Table
be

provides for
in locating the

the

B.2. 2

observed

minimum

various

disposal system.

LU

H
"CO

"
O
a.

Q
I

LU

o
"
UJ
to

u_

o
CO

H
Z

(8

4"

LU

O
D.

:s
o
u
LJ_

"
a

u
o

"J

01

to

CN
CN

CO

jd

1- ".? a

120

ponents
com-

B.2.3

disposal
Such

means

not

of

SEWER

BUILDING

The

Size.

B.3.1

be

made

are

sewers

the

of
Septic tanks or other privatemeans
is
where
able.
availsewer
approved
public
when
lic
pubdisposal shall be discontinued
if
directed
the
ties.
authoriavailable,
by
legal

SepticTanks.
shall

B.3

SYSTEM

SEWAGE-DISPOSAL

INDIVIDUAL

shall be

sewer

fixtures

connected

of

minimum

determined

as

from

size

to

11

Chapter

serve

of the

Code.
shall have
SIop"c.The sewer
Table
11.5.2,
Chapter 11,

B.3. 2

in
the

10

sewer

14 inch

B.4.1

capacity

Table

per

SEPTIC

B.4

feet

NOTE:

cubic

The

in accordance

Liquid
in

except

termined
slope as deslope of

that the

connection

shall

not

ceed
ex-

TANK

Capacity.

B.4.2

minimum

foot.

MINIMUM
AN

volume

preceding the tank

capacity
feet

includes

septic tank shall have

with the provisions of Table

CAPACITIES
INDIVIDUAL

is

based
air

on

space

FOR
SEPTIC
DWELLING

number
above

121

of

bedrooms

liquid

level.

minimum
B.4. 2.

TANKS

in

dwelling,

SERVING

Total

APPENDIX

inlet

the

are

shall

tank

in table

given

they

Construction.

The

than

Septic

tanks

manhole.
in

sealed

be

least

at

be

twice

be

inlet

not

long

as

foot

and

watertight.
removable

slab

and,

4 inches

be

load

provide'j

which

covers

be

extended

with
or
can

24
be

grade.

to

manholes

provided,

are

provided
may
20 inches
square

should

covers

tion.
construc-

dead

be

with

provided

of

if of concrete,
thick.

must

compartment

Manholes

constructed

permanent
designed for

compartments
shall
be at least

diameter

be

of

per square
less than

not

The

shall

Other

Manholes

inches

and
shall

tank

and

Manholes.
manhole.

one

Where

shall

pounds

150

reinforced

be

B.4.7
with

of the

cover

less

should

of

capacity
capacity.

tank

tanks

materials

corrosion-resistant

not

partment,
com-

wide.

are

B.4.6

of

have

one

B.4.2.

Length. Septic

B.4.5
as

total

of the

than

more

domestic
garbage disposal
Garbage Disposal. Where
installed
or
contemplated, the capacity of the septic
than the requirements
be at least 50 per cent
greater

B.4.4
units

shall

compartment

two-thirds

than

of

'In tank

Multiple Compartments.

B.4.3
less

are

not

required.
B.4.8
shall

extend

froni the

walls.

end

above

the

baffles

15

inlets

iron

sanitary

least

3 inches

B.4.11
in the

Dosing

with

in
The

B.5.1

Required.

the
to

the

Chambers.

DISTRIBUTION

B.5

the

In

lieu

used, they

at

extend

least
12

inches

6 inches

inches

and

line.

flow
of

12

baffles, submerged

consisting of a castpipe to the required

B.4.8.

of the
invert

inlet

pipe

of the

shall

be

located

outlet.

Dosing chambers
disposal systems.

not

are

required

BOX
A

effluent from

each

shall

be installed
may
short
of
section

invert

are

be located

extend

below

Outlet.

of individual

case

baffles
and

shall

baffles

paragraph

above

tank

baffles

and

outlets
T

Invert.

B.4.10
at

and

indicated

as

of the

inches

18

to

Inlet

Pipe

pipe

Such

outlet

and

line. Inlet

flow

B.4.9

full width

the

outlet

depth

If inlet

Baffles.

individual

distribution
the

box

shall

be

ceive
provided to retion
equal distribu-

septic tank to assure

disposal field.

line of the

122

to

the

septic
end

upper

outlets

to

of the

box

B.5.4
within

The

and

the

at

set

Inspection.

be

ground

Table

kept

shall

to

surface

Required

Water

Absorption
Required in Bottom
Disposal Trenches

(Square

Feet

Area
of

50
60
70

100

15

130

80

30

180

60

240
60

Special

(')

design

NOTE:

minimum

dwelling

PROCEDURE

of

TO

BE

to

sq

ft should

be

provided

EOLLOWED

FOR

TEST
Holes.

of Test

each

150

unit.

PERCOLATION
Size

B.6. 2.

Bedroom)

per

5
10

each

dividual
in-

FOR

Effective

for

less

or

for

RESIDENCES

(Minutes)

Over

tested,

to

necessary

areas

table

AREAS

3
4

B.7.1

size

from

determined

be

Fall

to

1 Inch

be

extend

tion.
permit inspec-

to

absorption

The

ABSORPTION

B.6.2

Time

B.7

bottom

outlets.

and

INDIVIDUAL

for

of the

the

should

box

minimum

the

Residences.

residences

with

level

cated
lo-

be

invert

AREAS

Individual

B.6.1

shall

pipe
The

box.

be

the

of

sides

inlet

the

ABSORPTION

B.6

the

at

elevation.

same

of the

should

box

shall

line

The

distance

short

of the

bottom

distribution

accommodate

to

the

above

each

located

be

inlet

of the

invert

The

Level.

inches

and

line

tight sewer

connected

be

disposal field.

of the
Invert

B.5.3

by

tank

shall

box

distribution

The

Connection.

B.5.2

SYSTEM

SEWAGE-DISPOSAL

INDIVIDUAL

be

Not

foot

less

square

than

and

as

three

deep

holes

shall

the

as

posed
pro-

disposal trenches.
B.7. 2

depth

of

Variations
at

least

in

6 inches

Soil

Condition.

and

allow

123

the

Fill

each

water

to

hole
seep

to

away.

APPENDIX

shall

Allowance
time

of the

may

be

be
from

test

year-round

conditions
used

water

minutes
the

holes

then

be

frozen

to

made

under

the health

or

shall

in

Calculate

minutes

the

the

time

results

in

from

required shall

made

be

not

formation

filled

on

encountered,

is

of the Administrative

the direction

or

tests

Authority

FOR

DISPOSAL

CONSTRUCTION

Disposal Field Construction.

shall be
disposal field construction

B.8.1

Table

water

B. 6. 2.

STANDARDS

FIELD

for

of

department having jurisdiction.

MINIMUM

B.8

Table

Special Soils. Tests

ground. Where fissure-soil

shall be

time

Average
absorption area

effective

from

the

fall 1 inch.

to

The

determined

ceptional
ex-

repeated.

test

water

tested.

the

at

Where

depths

greater

Absorption. Observe
completely.
seep
away

for the

B.7.4

conditions.

average

Effective

B.7.3
for the

in soil conditions

encountered,

are

the

or

for variation

made

as

standards

minimum

given in Table

B.8. 2.

FIELD

DISPOSAL

FOR

STANDARDS

MINIMUM

B.8.2

The

CONSTRUCTION
Minimum

construction

Disposal-field

Standard
2

number
field, minimum
Individual
length
lines, maximum
width
Trench
bottom, minimum
diameter
Field
tile, minimum
Field-tile
lines, maximum
slope
Field trenches, minimum
separation
Effective
absorption area, minimum
per

Lines

'see

per

DISPOSAL

B.9.1

and

extend

than

The

the

may

bank-run

'"

i"Ott

*"" "

( )

dwelling unit

basis

layer

of

The

trenches

of the

shall

be

signed
de-

required effective

filter material

full width

deep

of

beneath

washed

be

straw

shall
as

be
the

in

trench

and

the

bottom

of

size

covered

laying
124

shall

the

gravel,

gravel ranging

filter material

2-inch

*^ '""

Disposal
the

on

Material.

inches

filter material
clean

in"

area.

Filter

B.9.2

Trenches.

constructed

percolation

less

in.

TRENCHES

Disposal
and

tile

18

B.6.2.

Table

B.9

ft

100

by

crushed
from

untreated

of the

shall

to

be

not

tile. The

the

stone,

V2

the

cover

slag, or

2'/2inches.

or
by a
paper
tile drain proceeds.

Disposal Field. The

for disposal fields

B.9.3

SYSTEM

SEWAGE-DISPOSAL

INDIVIDUAL

size

and

shall

minimum

conform

quirements
spacing regiven in

those

to

B. 9.4.

Table

Table B.9.4

B.9.5

Absorption
of tile laid

spigot tile, it
intervals

with

joint to

insure

tile, the

Lines.
with

should

be

an

available

cement

flow

even

shall

be

lines
the

shall

spaced

In
not

the

bottom
of

case

than

more

structed
con-

joints,at 2-foot

the

at

mortar

be

of bell-and-

case

/^-inch open

line.

FIELDS

permits.

area

Absorption
joints.In

open
laid with

sufficient

sections

where

DISPOSAL

FOR

SPACING

desirable

is

spacing

greater

AND

SIZE

of the

agricultural
%

inch,

and

the

upper half of the jointshall be protected by asphalt-treated

while
the
tile is being covered, unless
the
pipe is
paper

covered

by

at

least

inches

perforated bituminized-fiber
be
used, provided that
distribution
B.IO

gravel. Perforated clay tile or

cement
pipe may
pipe or asbestos
available
for
sufficient
openings are

of the effluent

SEEPAGE

of

into

the

trench

area.

PIT

Seepage pits may be used either to

supplement the subsurface
disposal field or in lieu of such
field where
conditions
favor the operation of seepage
pits, as
be
determined
and approved by the Administrative
ity.
Authormay
B.10.1

Seepage

B.10.2

WaterTable.

the
used
shall

Pit.

Care

pit into
seepage
receive
the
to
be

placed

on

shall

the

be

taken

to

ground-water table.
septic-tank effluent, the
the location
of the pit as

(See par. B.12.3.)

125

avoid
Where

limitations

same
on

extending
the pit is

the

cesspool.

AIM^KNOIX

Pit

B.10.3
the

Lining. Fxcept

shall

pit

laid

up
3 inches

dry

sealed

with

of

B.10.4

The

have

it shall

B.10.6

to

to

the

of Pit.

with

of

the

shall

be

over

30

shall

be

filled

in

close

1 foot.

pit is located
seepage
lined
indicated
be
not
as
filled

be

with

loose

pit shall
seepage
in table D.10.8.
FOR

REQUIREMENTS

rock.
sized

be

SEEPAGE

in paragraph

-PIT

in

Required

per

(Square

cordance
ac-

DESIGN

l-.ffective Absorption

Soil

be

in the

is

cover

pit

The

provisions

B.10.8

draw

cover

of the

bottom

it may

instead,

Size

B.10.7

shall

manhole.

access

The

it need

trees,

R.10.3;

least

at

inlet

to

customary

grade. If

an

depth

When

Trees.

proximity

Table

of Pit.

gravel

coarse

with

up
the

reinforced-concrete

inches

with

is

It

finished

Bottom

are

blocks

concrete

or

backed

joints above

provided, preferably to

B.10.5

paragraph D.10.6

lining.

Covers.

square,

in

brick,

stone,

mortar.

of the

provided

as

joints that

gravel.

cement

Pit

with

open

coarse

section

upper

lined

be

with

Area

Bedroom'
Feet)

structure:

Coarse

sand

Fine

and

sand

or

clay

50

-with

considerable

sand

with

small

of sand

calculating
be

amount

absorption

wall

and

area

gravel
gravel

and

of

pit,

gross

80
160

...

diameter

of

pit

excavation

used,

Soil

B.10.9
other

20

30

loam

Sandy
Clay
Clay
In
shall

gravel

sand

Structure.

impervious

soil

Heavy

formations

tight clay, hardpan,

are

not

suitable

rock

or

for seepage-

pit construction.
B.ll

B.11.1
be

WELL

DRY

Dry

provided

to

a
Required. When
dry well shall
necessary,
the drainage from roofs, basements, or
receive

Well

areaways.
B.ll.

Size
in

seepage

of

Dry

general
pits.Section

Well.

accordance

Large
with

B.IO.

126

structed
dry wells, shall be conrequirements given for

the

Appendix
GAPS,

AIR

AND

BACKFLOW

(Based

Dackflow

A40.4

A40.6)

and

piping
piping system
water-borne

C.2

connections

waste.

The

C.2.1

air

vertical
lowest
tank

C.2.

in
gap
distance

is the
structed
unobwater-supply
system
through the free atmosphere between
to
pipe or faucet
supplying water
any
a

opening from
fixture
and
the
plumbing
(See Fig. 1 and
Fig.. 2.)

or

The

minimum

from

vertically
the

be

not

GAPS

AIR

the

shall

permitted between
carrying a potable water
supply and
system
any
or
plumbing equipment carrying nonpotable water

the

ASA

on

STANDARDS

GENERAL

C.1.1

or

PREVENTERS,

FOUNTAIN

DRINKING

C.l

floodlevel

the

of

rim

air

required

end

of
the

floodlevel

gap

faucet

the

fixture

or

of

rim

shall

be

or

supply

spout
vessel.

(See

the

ceptacle.
re-

measured

pipe

to

and

Fiq.l

Fir,. 2.)
C.2.
closet

The

flush
with

(See

C.2.

in

Where

as

under

to

The

allow
all

vats,

or

therefore

water-

as

difficult

be

may

to

tect
pro-

consideration.

requires special

minimum

it

is

above
gap
similar

/jrrangement
6

and

tanks

such

fixtures,

required air gap

of the
effective
opening, but in
Table
C.2. 4. (See next
page).

air

C.2.

gaps

and

certain

to

C.2. 5, C.2. 6, C.2. 7, C.2. 8, C.2. 9-)

The

diameter

given

tanks

air

pars.

C.2.

inlet

water

overflow
overflow

conditions,

to

not

practical

the

floodlevel

that

pipe
water

overflow

shown

or
a

shall

rim
on

of

less

case

no

provide

to

twice

be

hig. 3

minimum

tank
may

or

be

the
than

quired
re-

vat,

an

j^ovided.

arranged
to
discharge
atmosphere
with
be
an
to
provided
piping

128

channel

free

shall

be

so

AIR
AND

Table

BACKFLOW

GAPS,
DRINKING

AIR

MINIMUM

C.2.4

PREVENTERS,

FOUNTAIN

GAPS

PLUMBING

USED

STANDARDS

GENERALLY

FOR

FIXTURES

do
the
when
not
air gaps
affect
walls, ribs, or similarobstructions
spaced
distance
than
three
the
diameter
times
a
edge of spout opening
greater
of the
effective
for a
distance
than
four
or
times
a
opening
single wall,
greater
the
effective
diameter
of the
for two
walls.
opening
intersecting
(See Fig. 2.)
obstructions
Vertical
similar
from
the
surface
water
walls,
ribs, or
extending
to
air
above
the
horizontal
or
a
require
plane of the spout
opening
gap
greater
when
closer
the
than
to
nearest
inside
spaced
specified
edge of spout
opening
Side

from

in

inside

1 above.

note

been
the

effect

The

determined

In

such

of
cas^s,

three

or

the

such

more

air

gap

shall

vertical
be

walls

measured

or

ribs

from

has

the

top

wall.
2

effective

opening.

effective

opening.

^
-FLOOD
RIM
THE

OF

CASE

LEVEL
FIXTURE
WHEN

fMINIS
IMUKAJ OPENING

EFFECTIVE
THROUGH

THE

"

SEAT

FLOOD
RIM

Fi".
Fig..

1 AIR

GAP

AND

EFFECTIVE

OF

LEVEL
FIXTURE

2 NEAR

WALL

OPENING
INFLUENCE
ON

129

AIR

GAP

not

of

AF^F^HNDIX

adequate
and

the

When

inlets

air
measured

of any
be one

by

the

f\ible
a

air

('-2.1.

possible,
equal to that
overflow
piping

at

and

as

the

maximum

the

size

half

of

with

rate

and

sufficient

capacity
keep the

to

the

C,. 2. 4., said

measured

as

minimum

quired
re-

distance

from

top of the

times

be

to

the

the

overflow

minimum

air

lowest

opening,
as

gap

quired
re-

ii.',,
3!)

(Sec
vat

or

tank
least

overflow.

gap,
the
to

outlet

be

provided with an adequate

(back-siphonage) preventer is

cannot

backflow

required, a

as

than

more

one-half

tank

be

in Table

minimum

at

shall

top of the

supply

If

C.2.9
air gap

shown

and

tank

closed,

channel

rising to

as

gap
above

the

all outlets

or

from

The

C.2.8

shall

be

I"ig,3.) Tank

enters

and

pipe

level

water

water

open

overflow

point

(See

the

to

shall

pipe.
protected against freezing.

C.2.7

of

close

piping as
opening

free

overflow

be

all

in the

of the

area

of the
must

break

required.
DRINKING

C.3

FOUNTAIN

those
with

which

orifice

0.150

or

edge
inch

square
of the nozzle

the

above

C.3.2
with

Elevation.

Minimum

C.3.1

The
than

more

of all orifices

NOZZLES

times

at

may

not

All

shall

area

orifice

floodlevel

3/4-inch

is

at

be

elevation

shall

not

shall

exceed

the

not

cluding
inface
sur-

diameter
lower

the

less

than

3/4

receptacle.

orifice, provided

one

water

that

so

elevation

an

of the

rim

placed

nozzles

inch

7/l6 (0.440)

than

greater

inch

drinking fountain
extend
through

apply

also
the

that

of

area

nozzles

to

of the

sum

circle

7/16

area

inch

in diameter.

C.3. 3
to

forth
ASA

C.4

Special conditions
drinking fountains

in American

Standard

and
shall

certain
meet

A40.4-1942

other

materials

requirements
and

American

as

lated
re-

set

Standard

Z4.2, respectively.

VACUUM

BREAKERS

OR

BACKFLOW

PREVENTERS

installed
Backflow
shall
be
Required.
preventers
with any
times
at
supply fixture, the outlet end of which
may
be submerged, such
hose
and spray,
direct flushing valves,
as
water
to
a
aspirators and underrim
supply connections
plumbC.4.1

130

AIR

iog

fixture

the

fixture

or
or

against
is

receptacle in which
receptacle is exposed

than

higher

atmospheric
Backflow

Where.
control

the

that

it will

back

pressure

be

not

the

surface

of

at

all times

the

to

to

water

preventers

in

water

atmospheric

to

protect
space

pressure.

installed

shall
be
preventers
the fixture and in such

subjected

incidental

of control

and

valve

Backflow

C.4.3
side

STANDARDS

referred
will 'not
to
type of preventer
when
is
water
discharged through it into

flow

C.4.2
between

PREVENTORS,

EOUNTAIN

DRINKING

The

pressure.

which

BACKFLOW

GAPS,

AND

manner

water

except
pressure,
flowing to the fixture.

shall

installed

be

not

on

the

inlet

valve.

LEVEL
SPILL
(HIGHEST
LEVEL)
POSSIBLE
WATER
'NLET

PIPE

Y-MINIMUM
AIR

(SEE

':^^

REQUIRED

GAP

I)

TABLE

M
A

TOP

OF

OVERFLOW
PIPE

OVERFLOW

iY

BREAK

IN

PIPING

OPENINGS
FLOW

TO

SHALL

HAVE

EQUAL

TO

THAN

AREA
PIPE

WASTE

Fiij. 3 AIR

C.5

GAP

EFFECTIVE

C.5.1

The
the

IN

OPEN

TANK

WITH

FOR
FREE
ATMOSPHERE

AREA
OR

GREATER
OF

FLOW
OVER-

''Z"

PIPE

OVERFLOW

OPENING
effective
of

cross-sectional
opening is the minimum
and
is measured
water-supply discharge,

point
of the diameter
of a circle
expressed in terms
or, if the
of a circle of equivalent
opening is not circular, the diameter
crosssectional
it
area.
(See Fig. 1 point B; in some
cases
be
X.)
point
may
area

at

or

131

APPENDIX

MATERIALS

C.6

Backflow

C.6.1

material

resistant
to

as

TESTS

C.7

Backflow

and

nozzle

angle

from

in the

jet to

The

and

leading
case

so

that

drain

C.8. 3

orifice
every
the
to
such

from

as

fountain

should

vitreous

as

china, porcelain,enameled

such

other

opening
should

bowl

Protection.

from

nozzle

of the

The

in the
be

end

the

water

above

the

the

Spattering.
should

nozzle

The

not

jet

in

be
and

nozzle.

tected
pronose

Guards

transmission

water

guard,

the

touch

of

issues.

clogged.

mouth

and

an

flooded

should

nozzle

at
water

ductor
pipe or conof
the
edge

becomes

the

inclined

jet

be

cannot

fountain
of

the

issue

of

return

whence

opening

or

the

prevent

orifices

or

nozzle

the

to

as

user

C.8.4

of

stoneware.

or

by nonoxidizing guards
prevent
from coming into contact
with
the
should
be so
designed that the possibility of
infection
to
by touching the guards is reduced
the

constructed

be

to

of

Z4. 2-1942)

(ASA

The

vertical

the

proved
apBack-

required for

should
jet of the fountain
set
nonoxidizing, impervious material

of

the

nozzle

bowl,

metals,

Installation.

C.8. 2
a

The

material, such

iron, other

and

tested

been

STANDARDS

Material.

impervious

from

reasonable

6-1943.

DRINKING-FOUNTAIN

C.8.1

have

performances

A40.

ASA

Preventers

shall

preventers

tests

meet

to

cast

proportioned

under

deformation

or

and

designed

so

corrosion-

of

PERFORMANCE

AND

C.7.1

C.8

made

be

conditions.

service

flow

deterioration

prevent

shall

preventers
shall
and
be

of

minimum.

issuing from
thereby cause

spattering.
bowl
Cleansing. The
designed and proportioned as

of

C.8. 5

would

be

difficult

to

clean

Splashing. The
proportioned as to prevent
C.8.6

where

the

jet falls

into the

or

be

to

whicli

bowl

the

of

132

free

would
the

unnecessary
bowl.

fountain
from
collect
fountain

should

be

so

which

corners

dirt.
should

splashing

at

be
a

so

point

AIR
AND

C.8.7
a

drain

The

Traps.

direct

PREVENTORS,

FOUNTAIN

drain

from

connection

physical
trapped.

is

BACKFLOW

GAPS,
DRINKING

STANDARDS

the

with

should

fountain
waste

pipe,

not

have
the

unless

be
Regulator. Ihe water-supply pipe would
provided with an adjustable valve fitted with a loose key or
automatic
valve permittingthe regulationof the rate
of flow
an
valve
of water
that
the
the
fountain
so
to
manipulated by the
will merely turn
off.
the water
of the fountain
users
on
or
C.8.8

Flow

C.8.9

Height.

level

should

using

the
to

ages

to

the

the

sufficient
be

size

at

to

as

The

floor

Flow.

height

such

fountain.

utilize

C.8.10

should

be

The

of the

be

will

the

at

convenient

most

provision

fountains

fountain

of

several

to

drinking
persons

vations
step-like ele-

j^ermitchildren

of various

fountain.
The

to

provided

carry

with

opening

waste

off
a

the

water

strainer.

133

and

pipe
promptly.

should
The

be

of

opening

Appendix
WATER

THE

SIZING

D
SUPPLY

SYSTEM

GENERAL

Proper
is

of

design

water-distributing

order

in

necessary

the

that

the

various

in

system

fixtures

building

function
may
used
in any

of either
hot
cold
water
amount
or
properly. The
^building is variable, depending on the type of structure,
usage,
and
of day.
time
It is necessary
to
ing,
provide pipoccupancy,
and
facilities
of
sufficient
water
heating,
capacity
storage
demand
the
without
wasteful
in
either
excess
to
meet
peak
piping or equivalent cost.
additional

For
referred
F.
3

"Water

to

M.

Supply

and

Dawson

of

information

National

the

79

.Ntanual
of

of
"

the

for

Kalinske

"

Report

of

of

Bureau

66

subject
Plumbing
"Technical

B.

the

is

Systems"
Bulletin

by
No.

"Water-

and

Report
Plumbing

National

Bureau

Hunter;

Standards,

alsopublished by

reader

the

Plumbers;

Master

Buildings" by Roy

National
BMS

for

Piping

Association

Distributing Systems
BN'S

A.

A.

this

on

Standards.

appendix gives a suggested procedure

prepared by F. M. Dawson.
water-supply system
This

PRELIMINARY

D.l

sizing

the

INFORMATION

Available

D.1.1

for

Pressure.

regarding the minimum

the building is to be

daily

Obtain
service

the

necessary
in the
pressure

information
area

where

located.

Obtain
all available
local
mation
inforPiping Material.
of different
kinds
of pipe with
spect
reregarding the use
decrease
both
in
to
to
durability and
capacity with
in the particular water
supply.
length of service
D.l.

D.2

OF

ESTIMATE
AND
D.2.1

PIPE
Rate

DEMAND

LOAD

CAPACITY
of

Flow.

One

of

134

the

important

items

that

must

APPENDIX

In general, a daily per capital water

sumption
congraphical location.
of 40 gallons can
safe
be used
a
as
design figure for
housing projects.
FLOW

D.3

types

common

give

to

with

this

fixture

the

of flow.

rate

with

the

The
a

some,

same

rate

RATE

OF

of

rate

fixtures,and

of

design;
give the

to

necessary

REQUIRED

gives

D.3-2

Table

D.3-1
many

PRESSURE

AND

average

greater

than

varies

pressure
others.

with

for

sary
neces-

pressure

necessarily

pressure
much

of flow

desirable

flow

is

D.3.2

Table

D.3.2

PRESSURE

DURING

FLOW

AND

FLOW

FOR

REQUIRED
DIFFERENT

FIXTURES

(a) Flow
to

pressure

(b) Wide

range

flush-valvc

In

D.3. 3

computed
D.3.4
fixture

the

due

to

for

the

pipe

the

at

trance
en-

considered.

variation

estimating the load,

Table

in

pressure

in

design

and

of

type

closets.

in fixture

units

is

the particular fixture

the

rate

of flow

is

frequently

units.

weight
gives the demand
different
plumbing fixtures under
D.3. 5

of service.

136

in

terms

several

of
ditions
con-

SIZING

Table

WATER

THE

D.3.5

SUPPLY

DEMAND

(a) For

supply

(b)

For
a

(c) The
cold
as

listed

given

water

D.3.6

Chart

minute

up

to

No.

250

using

weights
the

and

listed,

not
one

supplies,

three-fourths

per
Chart

separately

fixtures

to

likely

outlets

supply

continuous

the

for

are

weights

listed

to

demand

may

total

demand

maximum
for

be

(a)

demands
for

demand
assumed

by

quantities
For

fixture

the

comparing

and

fixtures

separate

estimate

fijttiires.

similar

at

with

demands

both
may

ture
fix-

rates..

hot

and

betaken

supply

demand
gives the estimated
total
number
of
corresponding to any
Chart
shows
No.
of
an
enlargement
No.

IN

FIXTURES

continuous

total

similar

in

for

UNITS

impose

to

add

weights

water

OF

WEIGHT

FIXTURE

SYSTEM

units.

137

in

gallons

fixture
1 for

units.
a

range

APPENDIX

2000

1500

1000

UNITS

FIXTURE

Chart

20

40

60

ESTIMATE

80

100

CURVES

120

FIXTURE

Chart

FOR

140

138

180

200

UNITS

SCALE

ENLARGED

160

LOAD

DEMAND

DEMAND

LOAD

220

240

THE

SIZING

on

the

estimated

The

D.3.7
number

SUPPLY

WATER

load

demand

supply pipe will

any
kind of fixture
of each

SYSTEM

for

fixtures

used

mittently
inter-

obtained

be

by multiplying
supplied through that pipe

by its weight from Table D.3.5, adding the products, and then
of Chart
1 or
Nos.
2 to find
referringto the appropriate curve
the demand
correspondingto the total fixture units. In using
this

it should

method

outlets

supply
units

is

outlets

etc.)

of

times

hose

as

heavy

of

use

D.4

SIZING

the

air

table

of

or

fixture

demands

The

estimate.

the

to

for

conditioningapparatus,
demand
during

demand

the

estimate

to

the

fixture

impose
weighted fixtures, should

to

added

order

in

for

continuous

the

separately and
in
intermittently,

in

demand

the

listed

connections,

likely

are

that

those

included

yet

(such
which

than

other

not

noted

be

COLD-WATER-SUPPLY

for

total

be

mated
estiused

fixtures

demand.

PIPING

through a pipe, the

continually decreases
along the pipe, due to loss of
pressure
from friction. The
of ascertaining
problem is then one
energy
the
in the
minimum
street
main, and the minimum
pressure
fixture. (A
required for the operation of the topmost
pressure
of
is
flush
reference
for
but
15 psi
valves,
ample
pressure
should be made
the manufacturers'
to
requirements. A minimum
of 8 psi should
for other fixtures.) The
be allowed
pressure
thus
obtained
will
available
for overcoming
differential
be
and
losses
in the distributing
in overcoming
system
pressure
D.4.1

the

Pressure

difference

As

Loss.

in elevation

flows

water

the

between

water

and

main

the

highest fixture.
D.4. 2

Pressure

pounds

per square
the street

between

by
the

Loss

The
by Elevation.
pressure
inch, caused
by the difference in
main

and

multiplyingthe

conversion

factor
Flow.

the

elevation

highest fixture, may

difference

in

elevation

in

loss,

in

be
feet

tained
ob-

by

0.43.

tion
through a pipe, fricthe result of the sliding of water
occurs
as
particles past
the
wall
is
the
another.
If
one
rough,
roughness propipe
jections
additional
the
cause
to
friction,owing
development of
increased
turbulence
in the flowing water.
flows
As the water
decreases
result
of a
a
as
along a smooth
pipe, the pressure
of
friction
from
internal
the
set
dissipation tnergy arising
up
of
the
is
loss
in
shown
This
water.
by viscosity
by
energy

D.4. 3

Water

When

water

139

flows

APPENDIX

the

The

of pressure.

loss

is

loss

pressure

proportionedto

and

varies greatly
length of straight uniform pipes,
and
roughness of pipe.
velocity,pipe diameter,
PIPE

D.5

may

basis

the

On

classified

of

inside

surface

smooth, fairlyrough,

as

Smooth

The
inside
Pipe.
perceptible roughness. Pipes made
usually be classified as smooth.
may

D.5. 2

All

Fairly Rough.

D.5. 3

may

D.5.4

called

be

10

some

15

or

surface

pipe
of

and

brass,

copper,

iron,

cast

shows

such

wrought

as

after

no

lead

or

few

years

fairlyrough.

Pipes

Rough.

conditions, pipes
lows:
rough, as fol-

and

ordinarypipes,

iron, galvanized iron, steel,

of usage,

for

flow

CLASSIFICATION

D.5.1
be

the

with

that

after

years

deteriorated

have

being laid, are

fairly rapidly
classified

as

rough.
D.6

FLOW

CHARTS

3, 4 and

Charts

D.6.1

three

these

to

losses
pipe-friction

the

give

of

types

pipes

various

for

responding
cor-

nominal

diameters.

Example

of water.
gpm
is 200 ft.

Solution
line until

it intersects

point,

friction loss
will

D.7

be

100

per
2 X

consist
pressure
meter.

various

The
of

the

and

gpm

1/2-inch

diameter
down

vertically
pipe length.
9 psi.

pressure
in the

of flow

100

ft. of

VALVES,

Estimated

at

fairlyrough pipe supplies 100

loss in head
if the pipe length

move

pressure

losses

rates

friction

the

4.5=

FITTINGS,
D.7.1

the

Chart

Enter

"

1/2-inch

Find

intersection
loss

"

AND
losses
losses

Then

move

line.
and
the

along

this

From

this

read

4.5

total

psi

friction

METERS
in the
in

distributingsystem will
the piping itself, plus the

pipe fittings,valves, and

losses
for disc-type
pressure
are
given in Chart No. 6.
140

the
meters

water

for

THE

SIZING

FRICTION
0.1

0.2

OS'O.A

0.2

0.3

0.4

LOSS

0.60.8

0.6

0.6

FRICTION

"

PSI

2
"

PER

FT

100

34568

LOSS

SYSTEM

SUPPLY

WATER

PSI

PER

141

100

8
FT

LENGTH
10

20

30

405000

80

10

20

30

405060

80

LENGTH

100

100

APPENDIX

FRICTION

LOSS

0.1

0.2

0.3 0.4

0.6 0.8

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.6

0.4

FRICTION

0.8
LOSS

IN

IN

HEAD

PSI

PER

HEAD

Chart

PER

-PSI

142

FT

100

10

10
100

FT

LENGTH
20

30

40

50 60

80100

20

30

40

50

80

LENGTH

60

100

APPENDIX

to

e 910

30

20

40

50

60

80

FLOW

Chart

Table

LOSSES

PRESSURE

D.7.3

IN

100

Water

WATER

Works

200

300

DISK-TYPE

WATER

REQUIREMENTS
METERS

Association

144

400

(,PM

PERFORMANCE
OF

(a) American

-I

(a)

Standards.

METERS

600

1000

SIZING

WATER

THE

SUPPLY

SYSTEM

Registration. The registration on

be not
indicate the quantityrecorded
to

the

D.7.4
shall
cent

more

nor

the

through

the

within

the

flow

set

forth under
Chart

D.7.5
rate

There

of flow

C,
r.

D'
E
F
G
H

be

when

minimum
shows

not

is

98 per
of

rates

than
made

90
at

per
the

variation

normal
cent

of

rate

of

of pressure

loss

and cocks, based

types of faucets
obtained at the State Universityof Iowa.

1/2 in. laundry bib (old style)

Laundry compression faucet
1/2 in. compression
sink faucet
1/2 in. compression
sink faucet
Gsmb.
Comb,
Basin

comp.

bathtub

compression

faucet

sink

Spring self-closing faucet

self-closing basin faucet

slow

LOSS"

145

(manufacturer

1)

(manufacturer

2)

(both open;

faucet

faucet

PRESSURE

flow

flow.

test

the

less

test

at

D.7.3) under

Table

than

actuallypassed

water

tested

being

less

for various

experimentaldata

shall

recorded

the

pf

per cent
it is

specified limits (see

flow

actual

while

meter

limits.

test-flow

102

than

dial

meter

RSI

with
on

APPENDIX

loss

The

D.7.6

of

in

pounds
expressed
flow.
Experience has

be

the
been

in

the

that

however,

shown,

which

loss

is

fittingsand

equivalentto

pipe. Therefore,
added
1-inch pipe are

inch

Estimated

D.7.7
in

valves

of

terms

to

2.2-feet

of

total

the

is

has
troduces
in-

2.2-feet

pipe.

pipe fittingsand

for

losses

pressure

use

straight 1-

1-inch

of

length

of

simplest

valves

1-inch, 90-degree elbow,

for each

can

any

to
expressing
of an
equivalent length of straightpipe. It
concept
for
example, that a 1-inch, 90-degree elbow,
found,
a

of

square

per

losses

of

method

fittingor valve
inch for any given rate

through

pressure

equivalentpipe lengths

in Table

shown

are

D,7.8.

Table

ALLOWANCE

D.7.8

PIPE

FOR

D.7.9

FRICTION

Table

special types
varies

meters

the

same

ample

l\7.10
of

IN VALVES
LOSS
FITTINGS

lists

the

size.

well-known

with

The
meters

LENGTH
AND

fittings. The
the

values
now

146

design
given
on

the

OF

THREADED

equivalent lengths

and

apparatus

considerably

nominal
for the

IN EQUIVALENT

for various

loss

even

in Table
market.

in

in
meters

D.7.10

water

of
are

SIZING

WATER

THE

SUPPLY

SYSTEM

3.7.10

Table D.7.10

LENGTHS

EQUIVALENT
LOSS

SAME

Example

"

SPECIAL

AS

Assxxme

minimum

height of topmost fixture

developed pipe length from water

psi;

total load

ft;a

100
the

closets

water

size

of

be

to

trial

From

"

sizes
a

Chart

Table

From

51 gpm.
of

would

meters

computation

the

choose

drop

pressure

pipes and fittingsis

At

fixture

the

of

this

point it

that

is
eral
sev-

For

From
l/2-in. meter.
1 1/2-in.disc-typemeter

Chart

for

psi.

available

for

(15

times

is necessary

to

make

"

demand

this flow.

+ 50

55

peak

it is evident

D.7.3

adequately measure

6 the pressure
drop through a
flow of 51 gpm
is found to be 6.5
Then

estimated

2 the

No.

No.
a

55

ft; a

of 50 fixture units; and that

operated. Find the required

system
flush-valve

on

of 50

highest

to

GIVE

of

pressure

main

street

main

TO

supply main.

Solution
found

above

PIPE

APPARATUS

OR

street-main

the

are

IRON

OF

FITTINGS

overcoming
0.43 +6.5)
some

equivalent pipe length of the fittingson

the street
main to the highest fixture.

the

friction in
12

estimate
direct

psi.
of the

line from

The

exact
equivalent
be determined
since
now
length of the various fittingscannot
the pipe sizes of the building main, riser, and branch
leading
to

of

the

highest fixture

pipe

used

in

is necessary
sizes.
If the

are

not

known

in order

to

as

make

yet, but a first approximation

tentative selection

computed pipe sizes

differ from

those

a
determining the equivalent length of pipe fittings,

147

APPENDIX

will be

recalculation
for the
the
the

equivalent length of
loss
permissiblepressure
100/(100 +50)
that

Assuming
water

such

are

The

and

fixture

carries

follow

psi

per

and

cold

water

lavatories.
100

ft, the

Charts

of

Table

pipe

AND

The

D.8.1

systems

procedure

is

between

the

required to

pressure

The

D.8. 2

demand
cause

in

fixtures
of

condition

system

so

tank

for

off the

water

may

that the

entering the

BRANCH

in

sizing either up-feed

The

principaldifference
the

and

system,
the fixtures

or

in

difference

provides

in
the

pipe friction.

demand

taken

inadequate

This

same.

overcome

water

D.3.5,

SYSTEMS

the down-feed
house

of 8

EXAMPLE

involved

the

are

that

bathtubs,
loss

Table

from

in. Items

OF

DOWN-FEED

principles

down-feed

elevation

IN

in TableD.7.11.

COMPUTATION

D.7.n

UP-FEED

1/2

given

are

is applicable,

building-main,the risers,

determined
be

to

the

For
ample,
exprinciples outlined.
of the building-main
branches

the

of branch

size

is

adequate.

closets,
supply for 3 water
the
Using
permissible pressure

SIZE

D.8

be

of the

4 is found

2 and

computation

will

of the

size

Then

of

caking properties
4 for fairlyrough pipe

No.

branches

one

that

equivalent pipe

and

buildingmain

that

the

and

Chart

branches

assume

sizes

psi.

of the

sizing

ft. of

100

per

corrosive

that

2-in.

the

=8

computed pipe
example assume
pipe fittingis 50 ft.

of this

the

total

the

using

necessary,
the purposes

fittings.For

12 times

bibbs

building main

supply
be

hose

to

the

or

is

upper

other

largefrequently the

floor

prevented by sizing

pressure

148

drops

from

the

of
the

ing.
build-

bution
distri-

street-main

SIZING

fixtures

all

to

the

are

of

building main

the

all

until

possible)

Where

to

outlined

be

Draw

1)

ahead

of the

in.

have

is

maintain

to

where

been

nected.
con-

and

excessive

prevent

hammer

water

or

frequently desirable
reducing valve.

procedure

is

in

sizing piping

systems

follows:

as

sketch

the

to

fixtures, it

the

at

than

bibbs

pressure

used

is

recommended

The

D.8.3
may

valve

pressure
hose
bibbs

connect

hose

to

street-main

the

good practice

(not less

size

branches

reducing

pressure
excessive

It is

same.

ample

SYSTEM

SUPPLY

WATER

THE

of the

lines, risers, and

main

served.

fixtures

Indicate

the

branches

of flow

rate

dicating
in-

of each

fixture.
Table

2) Using
fixtures

in fixture

Determine

3)
Chart

D.3.5,

weights

of the

units.
the

Chart

or

demand

the

compute

1 demand

tota

2, find

the

fixture

in

expected

and, using

units

demand

in

gallons

per

minute.
the
4) Determine
equivalent length of pipe in the main
of the pipes are
and
branches.
Since
the sizes
lines, risers,
not
known, the exact
fittings,
equivalent length for various
etc.,
the
at
line

Add

made.

main

street

in the

the

equivalent lengths starting

proceeding along the service line, main

and

building, and

up

the

up

riser

the

to

of the

top fixture

served.

group

Determine

5)
main
the

be

cannot

and

the

the
minimum

pressure
This
latter

fixture.

topmost

in the street
pressure
required for the operation of

minimum

average

should

pressure

be

to

15

psi.
6)

Calculate

drop

per 100
in Item 4.
Do

this

the
feet

approximate value of the average

of pipe in the equivalent length

according

to

the

pressure
determined

following rule:
100

p
where

loy"f"

average

length
P

li
L
If the

=(P- 0.43 H

pressure
of pipe in

pressure

loss

per

in street-main

in

of

equivalent

psi

fixture above

highest
equivalent length determined
is of the

feet

psi

height of

system

100

down-

feed

149

main,

street

in Item

supply

from

in feet

4.
a

gravity tank,

APPENDIX

in the tank converted

to pounds per
height of water
square
the
street-main
and
by multiplying 0.43 replaces
pressure
instead
the term
of
0.43// in the equation in Item 6 is added
in calculating the ternj
substracted
H will be
In this case
p.
the

inch

the

vertical

distance

of

the

fixture

below

the

bottom

of

determined

in Item

choose

sizes

the

tank.

7)
the
from

From

value
Charts

the
of p

expected rate
calculated

3, 4

or

of flow

in Item

5.

150

6,

the

of

and

pipe,

APPENDIX

E.2

LICENSE

E.2.1

REQUIRED
Plumber's

Master

in the business

licensed

unless
this

of

as

License.

plumbing

plumber

master

of Work.

Supervision

gage
en-

City
under

the

provisions

of

in the

corporation
engage
or
repairing,
alteringplumbing
the

in

of

supervision

consist

of

represent

plumber,
shall

had

The

of

members

may

but

be

establish

the

than

in any

not

case

and

standards

The

the

board

for the
less

than

be

proper
twice

shall
master

and

one

ber
mem-

board

of the
his

shall

board

shall

board)

respective
appointed by the

days following

30

the

hold

Certification.

its
of

adoption
at

meet

such

performance
a

member

public,

be

the

as

One

shall

Board.

necessary

Examination

E.3 -3

one

to

shall

member

board

Thereafter

ordinance.

duties,

members.

represent

the

the

formed
perdirect

established

hereby

journeyman plumber. Each member

least
at
5 years' experience in

Meetings of
meeting not later
as

four

health,

shall

E.3. 2
first

is

(hereinafter referred

than

of

member

be

have

field.

board

one

shall

fewer

noC

the

the

BOARD
There

board

under

is

plumber.

master

Personnel.

plumbers' examining

work

plumbing

the

business

EXAMINING

Board

E.3.1

unless

such

licensed

PLUMBERS'

E.3

of

course

individual, firm, partnership

business
of installing,

No

shall

or

this

shall

of

Code.

E.2. 2

to

individual

No

in the

tervals
in-

of its

year.
The

shall

board

and

amination,
procedures for the qualification,exof
and
master
licensing
plumbers
journeyman
and
license
shall
issue
each
an
to
plumbers,
appropriate
son
pertherefor
and
who
the
meets
qualifications
successfully
The
the
the
board.
board
examination
shall
given
by
passes
keep an official record of all its transactions.

and

Reexamination.

E.3.4
examination

after

Any person
as
prescribed by the board
the expiration of 30 days

regular examination
E.3. 5
license

fails

may

apply

upon

to

for

payment

an

pass
ination
reexam-

of

the

fee.

Temporary

pending

who

Permit.

examination,

The

board

provided
152

may

the

issue

temporary

applicant holds

SUGGESTED

valid

be

not

E.4

from

license

similar

for

than

more

to

desiring to be
journeyman plumber

board.

the

PLUMBER'S

MASTER

E.5

in the

bond

that

all

supervision

work

unless

E.6

bond

expire on
renewed

E.4
time

upon

obtained

on

the

him

upon

is

executed

and

AND

REVOCATION

Fee.

of fees

of the

payment

for

Revocation.

shall

license

OF

issued

by

may

section

but

provided
be

may

for

revoke

be
may
in section
at

any

journeyman

any

of this

shall

renewed

of $

board

provided.

board

the

issued

year in which
in the amount

valid

be

not

or

license

if

sentation
misrepre-

been

imposed

ordinance.

fore
Be-

revoked, the licensee shall have notice

titled
writing, enumerating the charges against him, and be enboard
than
five
from
to a hearing by the
sooner
not
days
The
licensee
shall be given an
receipt of the notice.
portunity
opto present
testimony, oral or written, and shall have
the right to cross-examination.
All testimony shall be given
a

license

under

visions
pro-

LICENSE

through nondisclosure, misstatement,

of a material
fact, or if a penalty has
licensee

his

the

herein

deposited as

penalty
master
plumber.

The

under

or

with

accordance

payment
E.5.
Expired licenses

upon
and

licensee

the

All licenses
31 of the

December

conditioned

be

to

will pay all fines and penalties

for violation of the provisions

plumber's

plumber and $
E.6. 2

he

that

master

Yearly

bond

such

plumber's

master

the

EXPIRATION

E.6.1

depositwith

and

Code

Code.

this

ination
application. Exam-

issued

performed by
performed in

be

properlyimposed
of

been

of $

shall

of this

has

and

sum

plumbing

journeyman
ly,
respective-

the

plication
ap-

and

master

BOND

who

A person
E.5.1
license shall execute
a

for

master

written

and
accompany

as

make

returnable.

not

are

to

shall

fees

be

fee

of such

fees

Examination

shall

licenses

payment

licensed

person

as

or

days.

FEE

Any

plumber

permit shall

Such

equivalent board.

an

EXAMINATION

E.4.1

SECTIONS

may

be

in

under
issue

oath.

The

subpoenas,

board
and

shall

compel

have

power
the attendance

153

to

administer
of witnesses.

oaths,
The

APPENDIX

decision
the

at

hearing
license

has

been

part
revoked

one

year

from

date

OF

LICENSEE'S

USE

E.7.1

No

his

the

of

immediate

the

In

Code
and

"City

its

the

FOR

date

give

ordinance,

of this

in the

exercise

determinations

shall

Three
file

on

and

PLUMBING
of Permit-

section, shall

permit therefor
a

in either.

is

be

of

of

be

able
reason-

final

be

in

of discretion.

Copy.
be kept
public

Issuance

to

change

made

copies
by the

shall

licensed

by

be

the

board

marked

National
for

ing
Plumb-

inspection by

with

the

words

WORK
No

plumbing work,

be undertaken

the
master

of

copy."

issued

on

the
the

provisions.

official

in this
a

business,
carried

effective

such

of

E.9.1
of

all

and

shall

PERMIT

E.9

notify

and
if any,
and
shall

Code
Plumbing
installations, repairs, and alterations

determinations

of abuse

of

use

shall

National

The

Official

E.8. 2

work

or

determinations
and
discretionary actions
shall
facts
relevant
Examining Board, the

and

absence

licensed

for

of

case

discretion
the

doing

is

of any

with

in accordance

considered

either

person
business

of

place

board

the

Adopted.

Plumbers'

the

for

license

plumber's

another

by

business

hereby adopted and all

of plumbing shall, from the

performed

STANDARDS

Code

E.8.1

of his

to

PLUMBING

E.8

person

permitted to

ANOTHER

BY

used

be

such

notice

be

not

obtained

has

to

name

which

produced

thereof.

of revocation.

NAME

who

address

under

name

shall

obtaining permits, or
license.
Every person

the

record

the

of

purpose
under
the

board

of

evidence

the

on

person

allow

shall

based

be

made

within

E.7

shall

and

whose

ply

board

of the

plumber,

unless

the

prior
A permit
to

except

as

cepted
ex-

issuance
shall

provided

be
in

E.9. 2.

Any permit required by this code may be

do any
work
to
to
regulated by this code in
any
person
a
single-family dwelling used exclusively for living purposes,
in connection
including the usual
buildings and quarters
accessory
with
the
bona
such
the
is
building, provided
person
E.9. 2

issued

Exception.

SECTIONS

SUGGESTED

fide

said

by
-"

"

of such

owner

and

owner

material

made

applicationshall
of fees,

E.9.4

Schedule

the

will be

occupied
shall personally purchase

owner

same

in connection

therewith,

for Permit.

Application for permit

forms
provided by
accompanied by fees in accordance

be

schedule

that

all labor

perform

suitable

on

said

that

Application

be

and

and

dwelling

fixture

plumbing

New

or

reconstructed

Construction

and

waste-discharging

septic

Each

Water

Each

water-distribution

tank
heater

alteration

or

system
of

until

any

FOR

necessary
the board

system

minimum

fee

.......

PERMITS

PLUMBING

and

and

detail

have

submitted

been

determined

has

from

.,.

additional

necessary

to

fee.
make

of

examination
that

they give assurance

the provisions of this Code,
to
revised
plans
applicant may submit
of

and

the

to

that

specifications

payment
it is found

connection

Specifications. No permit shall be issued

specifications showing the proposed work in

Plans

plans

service

or

plumbing

REQUIREMENTS

E.10.1

cesspool.

of

Any permit requiring inspection,

E.IO

device

connection

sewer

Fiafch

Repair

with

Fee

reconstruction

or

The

of Fees.
For

Each

shall

If

and

If, in
any

such

the

plans
will

work

and
form
con-

permit is denied, the

out
specifications with-

the

change

of

course

from

the

the

work,

plans

and

a
issued, amended
specifications on which
permit has been
and
shall
submitted
and
be
a
plans
specifications
mentary
supplethe
conditions
same
permit, subject to
applicable to
the
to
cover
original application for permit, shall be issued
change.

E.10,2

Repairs,
Repairs involving only the working parts
of a faucet
of stoppages,
or
valve, the clearance
repairing of
faucets
valves
be
leaks, or replacement of defective
or
may
made

without

piping

to

E,10.3
shall

make

the

permit provided

no

changes

are

made

in the

fixtures.

Protection
such

rules

of

Water-Supply System. The..............

of the
regulations in furtherance

and

155

APPENDIX

of

purposes

provisions
of

this

and

code

of this

inconsistent

not

for the

code,

the

protect

devices

as

to
to

make

E.ll.

the

Right

proper
the purpose

be

may

Tests.

It shall

enforce

the

inspections
of

Entry.

identification, have
of

and

tests

be

the

duty of

provisions of this Code

required thereunder.

The
the

inspecting any
reasonably necessary

shall,

right to enter
any
plumbing system
to

the

protect

the

after

premises
at

such

for

times

public health.

PENALTY

E.12

E.12.1
shall

($
for

deemed

maybe

equipment, and
to properly
necessary

water-supply system.

Inspections and

E.11.1

as

water-treatment

specific

alteration

or

ENFORCEMENT

E.ll

and

the

installation,repair

air-conditioningsystems,

water-operated

with

be

)
not

violating any provision

punishable by fine of not less than
Any

nor

less

person

more

than

than

dollars

days

156

nor

($
more

of this

ordinance

dollars

)
than

or

imprisonment
days.

T.C.

Appendix

COACH

TRAILER

PLUMBING

STANDARDS

FOREWORD

primary objective of
sanitary installation within

these

The

that

location

of
at

The

trailer

and

Trailer

Report
Code

The

interest

of

the

Lists
in

Motion

the

of

will

tests

Committee

Any questions
Manas, Exec.
Potomac

portance
im-

nected
con-

for

were

American

the

passed

and

trailer

has
the

serve

as

the

to

National

Plumbing
drawn
by the
up
Society of Sanitary

accepted.

and

for future

Coach

appendices

of trailer

parks
safety of

held

meeting
Trailer

the

published as

manufacturers

welfare

the

at

been

coaches

as

considered

well
gether
to-

public.

ards
of Stand-

now

these

the

be

must

in progress
the National
Bureau
at
connection
with plumbing in 'trailer coaches.

are

of the

4513

be

of

was

of the

operators

with

of

Standards

Committee

Engineering.

of

coordinate

which

that

5, 1951, by motion,

Coordinating Committee
indicating that the Standards
Coach

It is also

would

indicated

Committee

of the

Trailer

provide

park.

and

Park

to

established, agreeable

that

outlets

water

is

coach.
be

coaches,

and

Coordinating
4

or

sewer

trailer

standard

of trailer

the

January

on

T.

manufacturers

to

as

method

standards

further

guide

The

to

the

sult
rebers
mem-

deliberations.

interpretationmay be sent to
Secy, National
Plumbing Code
Ave., N.W., Washington 7, D.C.
on

157

Mr.

Vincent

Committee,

T.C.

APPENDIX

DEFINITIONS

T.C.I

T.C.

Definitions

1.1

apply except
T.C.

designed
or

for the
which

serving

of

more

as

permitted by

the

of

drinks, food

or

moved

in

self-contained
as

persons

residence

Administrative
as

Authority

comfort

unit

station

and

transportedfrom one
locality
is provided with plumbing

or

and

its wheels

on

one

mean

or

readilybe

can

another

to

use

as

shall

Coach

for the shelter

for other

defined

Chapter 1 shall
specificallyprovided in this appendix.

terms

otherwise

as

Trailer

1.2

of

which

facilities.
T.C.

piping
for

Sewer

1.3
which

extends

connecting
1.4

T.C.

with

as

the

portion

of the

under
single terminal
park drainage system.

drainage

the

trailer

trailer

Water-Service

water-supply piping
the

is that

Connection

is

Connection

which

extends
with

trailer for connection

as

the

that

portion

of

the

single terminal under

trailer park water-supply
a

system.
Administrative
Authority. The
Authority is the individual, official, department, or agency
and authorized
established
by a State, County, city, or other
administer
and enforce
the provisions
to
politicalsubdivision
of the plumbing code
as
adopted or amended.
T.C.

1.5

Administrative

T.C. 1.6
within

other

Drainage System

liquidwastes

T.C. 1.7
and
and

attached

or

to

and

used

alteration

of

includes

trailer which

including the
is

all the

conveys
sewage
connection.
sewer

ing
pipor

the

practice, materials,
installation,maintenance, extension,
all piping, fixtures, appliances, and
purtenance
ap-

Plumbing.

fixtures

the

to

and

means

Plumbing

in the

in connection

with

any

of the

facilities,the

following: sanitaryand
venting system

drainage or storm-drainage
jacent
adwithin
the public or
or
private water-supply systems,
to
or
also, the
building, structure,
any
conveyance;
and
used
in
the
materials
installation, maintenance,
practice
of the storm
or
extension, or alteration
liquid waste,
water,
and
of any premises to their
water-supply systems
sewerage
connection
with any point of public disposal or other acceptable
terminal.

158

APPENDIX

T.C.

Plumbing System. All plumbing

and appliances used
to
ceive
redrains, appurtenances,
fixtiires,
shall be
wastes
or
discharge liquid or water-borne
of metal pipe
properlyand individuallyconnected by means
the
the
outlet
of
common
or
trailer-drainage
tubing to
system.
Connections

T.C.2.10

(See Trailer Park

to

Standards.)

tween
bewatertightconnection
the
sewer
trailer-park
trailer-drainage
system
shall be made
of a readilyremovable
connection
by means
to the Administrative
semirigidor flexible connectoracceptable
T.C. 2. 11

Connection.

Sewer

the

and

Authority. (See Trailer Park Standards.)

T.C. 2. 12

Location

of

Piping

cm:

equipment shall be so located as not

operation of windows, doors, or

or

normal

Operatingdevices
T.C. 3

shall

be

Piping, fixtures

Fixtures.

accessible

to

interfere with the

other

for

exit

openings.

repairor servicing.

MATERIALS

for
Drainage and Vent Systems. Pipe and fittings
in
be
shall
as
provided Chapter
drainage and vent systems

T.C. 3.1
ihe

3 of the Code

and

as

follows:

(a) Copper tube with sweated joints.Type M

(h) Galvanized steel, galvanizedwrougnt iron,or galvanized
ferrous alloy
(c) Lead pipe not less than 1/8 inch wall thickness.
shall
be American
(d) Fittings for the drainage system
National Taper Threads, recessed
be
may
type. Vent fittings
galvanized, malleable, or cast iron,brass, or wrought copper.
If lead is used, all jointsshall be wiped. Wiped jointsshall
have
an
exposed surface on each side of the jointnot less
than 3/4 inch and at least as thick as the material being jointed.
T.C. 3. 2

Water

Piping. Water pipingshall

wrought iron,open-hearthiron,steel
with
shall

or

copper

be

brass, copper,

tubing,type L,

All ferrous pipe

approved fittings.
appropriate
be galvanized.

and

fittings

Used Materials are prohibitedin the construction

installation of the water-supply
system.

T.C. 3.3
or

T.C.4

be

FIXTURES

T.C. 4.1
of
made

Qualityof
approved

All

Fixtures.
materials

with

160

plumbing fixtures

shall

face.
smooth, impervious sur-

TRAILER

shock
be

to

and

T.C.4.3.

by

T.C.4.4.

over

period of

of

Location

T.C.4.5

T.C.4.6

(a)

materials

be

to

as

shall

(b)

shall

during transit
It should

(c)
when

year

shall

seal

be

loss

shall

water

located

so

be

seal.

as

during transportation

trailers

such
the

over

durable

highways

capacity to operate.
permit the spillageof trap seal

not

shall

perform in
flush

possible to

trailer is connected

of

their

and

be

not

2 in.

constructed

be

transportedin

closets

one

foe Trailers

injury or impairing
Water

contents

and

closets

Water

without

Closets

Water

than

Traps

Traps.

preclude
or
ordinaryuse.

to

of

use

fixture

plumbing
less

possibilityof trap

the

actual

shall

shock

to

laboratory tests.

Traps. Each
trap containing not

of the trailer

structure

Resistance

Fixture

with

provided

at

closet

water

trailer camp

sanitarymanner.

to

except

supply

water

sewage-disposal system.

(d)
flow

Each

when

the

T.C.5

shall

device

to

prevent

nation
contami-

potable-watersystem.
shall

be

provided with

cleanse

the

thoroughly
valve is operated.

DRAINAGE

supply

water

interior of the

closet

water

PIPING

Installation.

uniform

provided with approvedback-

be

breaker

vacuum

to

T.C.5.1
a

or

closets

Water

adequate

closet

water

preventer
of the

(ej

at

tests

will withstand

that

settling.

or

Shock.

to

equivalentsimulated

by

or

to

the

to

vibration

stalled
in-

fixtures

Plumbing

of materials

be

attached

so

Resistance

determined

be

be

resistant

STANDARDS

Fixtures.

trailer shall

in the

as

PLUMBING

Trailer-Coach

T.C.4.2
road

COACH

slope

and

Horizontal
in

no

piping shall
less

case

than

be

installed

1/8 inch per foot

slope.
T.C.5. 2

The

with

Size

Table

of Soil and

Waste

T.C.5. 3

161

Piping

shall

be

in

cordance
ac-

APPENDIX

Table

Table

T.C.5.3

of

shall

wheel

when

housing

cap
cap

or

be

Each

visible

water

sink

and

as

installed

outlet

trailer

of the

of

thfe side

provided

be

connected
affixed

group
or

side

from

shall

outlet

Group Venting.
closet, or shower

kitchen

Table

and

road

the

RATINGS

UNIT

Trailer-drain

Outlet.
on

STACK

SOIL

MAIN

FIXTURE

not
plug for closure when
plug shall be permanently

T.C.5.5
one

OF

(B) TRAILER

terminate

in transit.
or

(A) SIZE

Trailer-Drain

T.C.5.4
trailers

T.C.5.3

T.C.

to

the

to

trailer

fixtures

of

bathtub,

one

rear

trailer

the

with
sewer.

at

of

tight
The

body.

consisting
lavatory, and

of
a

individual
be installed without
fixture vents
may
stack-vented
Each
fixture
branch
shall be
group.
within the limits as given in Table
T.C.5.6.

T.C.5.6

MAXIMUM
Size

LENGTH

of Waste

OF

UNVENTED

Permissible

Pipe

Inches

Feet

5
4 1/2
4 1/2

1 1/2
I 1/4

162

BRANCH

Length

WASTE

TRAILER

shall

stack

fixtures

may

lavatory

or

(a)

the

sink

for

branch

foot.

per

from
for

vent

group of
back-vented

shower

stall

or

or

when

bathtub

only

is

vented

wet

lavatoryis

through

installed

on

branch.

(b)

wet

the

for

vent

branch

2-inch

on

shower

when

waste

VENT

T.C.6.1
made

at

least

All

sink

through
installed

are

the

shall be

shall

in trailers

conform

with

Tests

installation

When

be

least

AIR

between

of

the
to

proved tightprior
under
a
static
hydrolbs, and all water
piping
fixtures

25

been
to

and

set

connected,

additional

an

air

or

the

system
chemical
test

water.

QAPS
Each

T.C.8.1

have

subjected

1 inch

than

and

lbs.

100

to

tested

be

plumbing

less

not

fixtures

then

T.C.8

of the

of

pressure
be tested

shall

shall

vent

MAINTENANCE.

AND

installed

(a) Drainage piping shall

(h)

stack

trailer roof and

requirements of this appendix.

T.C.7.1

shall

Each

the

above

TESTS,

work

plumbing

all the

water

vented

wet

flashing.

proper

INSPECTION,

T.C.7

Terminal.

of Vent

2 inches

watertightby

at

is

lavatoryand

TERMINALS
Location

terminate

to

bathtub

or

branch.

T.C.6

of

drain

the

closet,provided that:

shower

waste

sanitary
1/4 inch

at

and

tees

single bathroom

wet

water

connections

than

more

with

as

of

use

Fixtures.

for the

vent

wet

l^inch

kitchen
and

bathtub

the

by

installed

be

STANDARDS

Fixture-branch

sloped not

Wet-Vented

T.C.5.8

or

made

be

drain shall be

branch

PLUMBING

Branches.

Fixture

T.C.5.7
the

COACH

fixture

lowest

shall

opening

plumbing

fixture

be

from

and

provided
any pipe or
the

with

an

faucet

flood-level

rim

air

gap

supplying
of such

fixture.
T.C.8. 2

The

minimum

required

verticallyfrom the end of the

the followingparagraph.

air

faucet

with

163

gap
or

shall

be

measured

orifice in accordance

APPENDIX

T.C.8.3

shall

in diameter

1/2 inch

openings

effective

with

Lavatory

T.C.

provided with

be

greater than
1-inch minimum

not

air gap.

affected

shall

by

near

be

not

be

shall

affected

not

than

less

surfaces

vertical

when

and

paragraph T.C.9.3

surfaces

vertical

near

openings equal

effective

with

fixtures

Other
T.C. 8.4
in
indicated
these

by

where

inches;

than

less

not

to

inches.
closets may be
backflow
preventers

provided with

Water
or

breaker

Vacuum

the

and

shall

the flood level

of the

supply valve

above

T.C.8.5

be located

breaker*

Vacuum

which

will

backflow

or

of

materials

deteriorate

not

discharge side

less

not

breakers

vacuum

than

of

inches

fixture.

of corrosion-resistant

made

approved

in lieu of air gaps.

shall be installed on the

deform

or

shall

preventers
design and

under

be

proportions

reasonable

service

conditions.
T.C.8.6
been

have

breakers

Vacuum

tested

and

approved

required for backflow

as

to

meet

shall

preventers
and

test

performance

A40. 6-1943.

ASA

preventers

WATER-SUPPLY

T.C.9

backflow

or

SYSTEM
"

T.C.9.
shall

be

Service
less

not

fixture

Connection.

branches

shall

be

from

each

to

run

1/2-inch individual

which

plumbing

fixture

and

heater.

water

T.C.

9. 2

of

Emptying
in the

piping system

shall

be
rear

of

Location

T.C.9.3

provided
of

the

with

The

Water-Piping System.

trailer for both

automaticallydrain out upon

supply at the trailer park.

the

connection

Water-piping

3/4-inch

than

shall

be

water-

shall

water

the

connection

of

source

Each

Connections.

water-service

trailer, and

cold

disconnecting with

Service

and

hot

trailer

located

provided with

cap

at

and

chain.
T.C.

five
T.C.

The

Separation.

connection

sewer

be

9. 4

and

the

minimum

distance
of

connection

water

between

the

trailer

shall

feet.
9. 5

Emergency

between

the

Disconnection.
trailer

and

164

the

The
trailer

nection
physical conshall
be
so
park

able

arranged as to be
pull out

readilydisconnect

to

when

STANDARDS

an

manually or
as
fire,occurs.

such

emergency,

matically
auto-

TERMINALS

T.C.IO

plugged

and

Sewer

T.C.10.1

when

T.C.IO.

side

PLUMBING

COACH

TRAILER

Both

of the

the

the

transportedon

connections

trailer coach

shall

terminals

water

trailer is

shall

when

be

capped

or

highways.

visible

the trailer is

be

at

the

and

rear

transportedon

the

highways.
T.C.ll

HOT

of

be provided with

not

less

T.C.12

with

National

and

exterior

Each

trailer
heater

water

capacity.

heater

water

Relief

be

provided

and

Valves.
from

Emptying.
valved

shall

pressure-and-temperaturerelief valve
the fication
speciapproved or which meets

tested

been

outlet

Relief
the

Each
so

Gas

valves

tank
it

shall
water

shall
can

or

the

Underwriters.

top of the

that

Association

be

installed

heater.

be

provided with
readily be emptied

to

of the trailer.

T.C. 12. 4
tanks

the

DEVICES

than 4 inches

more

T.C. 12.3

the

type automatic

requirements of the American

Board of Casualty and Surety

T.C.12.2

piped

5-gallonstorage

Standards.

has

piping is provided,

approved

an

combination

which

than

SAFETY

T.C.12.1

not

hot-water

Where

T.C.11.1
shall

WATER

shall be

Water-working
tested

for

not

Pressures
less

165

than

for

Tanks.

Hot

water

300 lbs hydrostatic test.

Appendix
PLUMBING

PARK

TRAILER

T.P.

STANDARDS

FOREWORD

preparation of the site for

that
of basic
number
requirements
is
made.
the
actual
design
Among
the following are
given as a guide:
the

In

fa) Space

and

requirements

trailer

should
the

there

camp

analyzed

be

are

important

more

locations

for

before
items

water-supply

source;

to

for the
(h) Space
requirements
location;
or
water-supply source

fc)

Location

of

neighborhood,
applies to
population;

and

it

as

(d)

Water-supply

fe)

Prior

the

tentative

the

State

having

ff)
the
local

to

the

unit

and

relation

trailer
should

over

this

park

is

likewise

the

or

the

to

final

size

and

and

relation

its

preparation of the
plans and specifications
Department

to

location,

winds,

prevailing

source

jurisdiction

layout
plumbing

trailer

in

the

Health

If the

plant

treatment

in

plant

treatment

of

be

Administrative

erty,
prop-

particularly
neighboring
ment;
treat-

sewage

trailer

should

relation

park design
submitted

to

Authority

work;
located
be

within

submitted

department.

166

the
and

city jurisdiction
approved by the

trailer

If the

(f)

should

the
local

ToPo

is located

within

TYPE

T.P.3.1
will

OF

DISPOSAL
of

Type

determine

city jurisdiction
approved by the

and

PLANT

local Administrative

The

System.
actual

the

the

submitted

be

likewise

layout
plumbing department.

T.P.3

to

park

APPENDIX

selection

of the

plant

ity
Author-

and

system

used.

be

3.2

T.P.

guide

Guide

The

for Discussion.

for discussion

with

thoroughlyfamiliar

with

the

local

the

followingrepresents

Administrative

Authority who

is

conditions.

of septic tank
and
either
(a) Up to 75 trailers, the use
a
tile absorption field or sandfilter is recommended;
be se(b) For 75 to 150 trailer units, sand filters should
lected;
if there is space
available
filters
trickling
preceded by
Imhoff

an

^cj

will

tank

For

is

facilities

time

may

fd)

they

units, tricklingfilters

with

recommended,

chlorination
as

150 trailer

than

more

tank

desirable;

be

to

and

hoff
Im-

requirement of

additional

included

be

to

the

reduce

odors

at

such

occur;

settling anti-digestion
sludge with separate
and
available
is restricted
is recommended
where
only
space
where
is required for the operation of
the maximum
treatment
the park and the adjoining neighborhood to the park limits the
200 or more
trailer units are
to
of operation, and where
scope
Activated

served.

be

T.P.4

SELECTION

T.P.
needs

OF

Local

4.1
in

certain

T.P.

local

T.P.

5.1

T.P.

5. 2

installed

should

the
be

of

Because

be

to

system
based
on

the

some

specific

installed

in

recommendations

INSTALLATION

in

Trenches.

separate

Materials.

materials
as

Authority.

authorities.

Separate

installed

durable

park

health

SEWER

Health

localities,

particulartrailer
of the

PLANT

t"

The

which

remain

are

The

trench

should

sewer

from

sewer

generally
tribution.
water-supply dis-

the

shall

be

corrosion-resistant

water-tightand

168

be

be

constructed
and

rootproof.

shall

of
be

TRAILER

PARK

PLUMBING

STANDARDS

MATERIALS

T.P.6

soil

Pipe. Cast-iron
with hqf poured leaded joints,
T.P.6.1

Cast-Iron

and

pipe

fittings

Vitrified-clay sewer
Vitrified-ClayPipe.
bituminized
joints.
poured or precast

pipe

T.P.6. 2
with

hot

pipe with

tapered

material

the

as

T.P.6.4

type

sewer
same

pipe.

Asbestos-Cement

Asbestos-cement

Pipe.

ring type joints or

rubber

with

Pipe. Bituminized-fibre
couplings and fittings of the

Bituminized-Fibre

T.P.6.3

pipe

concrete

pipe

hot-poured

with

joints.
T.P.6. 5
Filled-in- Ground.
unstable
ground shall be of
nonmetallic

drains
Calked

T.P.6.6

and-spigotsoil
and

pipe

filled with

shall

be

other

or

until

T.P.6.7
for

clay

160
the
with

cast-iron

shall

oakum

lead

pouring and

one

the

nor

or

1 inch

tight.

tested

soluble
The

other

or

bell-

hemp
Lead

deep.
nish,
paint,var-

No

the

permitted on

been

jointing

approve^.

and

for

hot-poured joints
fectivene
to
destroy the efsufficiently

soften

system.

jute,hemp,

calked
be

joint when

be

than

Joints. Material

Hot-Poured
pipe shall not

deg. P.,
drainage

less

not

coatings shall
after the jointhas

of

pipe, except

joints for
firmlypacked with

be

or

that

approved pad.

an

upon

filled

in

Joints. Calked

molten

in

run

material

may

soil

cast-iron

laid

be

installed

Sewers

subjected
in

any

joint

similar

to

of

the

shall

be

approved

of

temperature
carried
wastes
a

first

calked

by

tight

materials.

T.P.6. 8
shall

be

material

fibre
Tapered-Type Joints. Joints in bituminized
made
with
tapered-type couplings and of the same
the pipe.
All
fibre
bituminized
as
joints between
metal
of an
pipe shall be made
by means
adapter

pipe and
coupling calked
T.P.6. 9
cement

rubber

as

requiredin paragraph T.P.6.6.

Joints.

Asbestos-Cement

pipe shall
rings and

be
of

made
the

same

with

in

Joints

asbestos-

couplings sealed
composition as the pipe.
sleeve

asbestos-cement
joints between
pipe and metal
of an
made
adapter coupling calked
by means
paragraph T.p.6.6.

169

with

pipe shall
as

All
be

required in

T.P.

APPENDIX

T. P. 6.10

Cement

installed

are

sewers

T.P. 6. 11
trailer

T.P.

Grade

such

rate

of
T.P.

to

as

7. 2
in

guide

Grade

flow

than

feet per

two

Pipe Sizes.
computing pipe

within

sewers

surface

or

the

water.

for

slope

or

velocities

The

within

second

when

in relation

to

shall

sewers

the

at

sewers

flowing full.

following table

size

Table

T.P.

storm

suppjy.

water

INSTALLATIONS

maintain

less

not

Sanitary

Slope.

or

the

from

trench

receive

not

permitted when

joints are

separate

SEWER

ON

7.1

be

shall

area

SLOPE

T.P.

in

Sanitary Sewers.

park

Cement

Joints.

is

presented

as

slope:

7.3

T.P.

MANHOLES

T.P.

Manholes.

8.1

installation

in the

(a)
(h)

At

the

At

the

(c)

At

any

At

each

At

intervals

Manholes

shall

be

provided

in

sewer

follawingmanner:
end

of each

end

of the main

upper
outer

point

where

main

line;

sewer

sewer;

the

change

two

or

of direction

is 90

deg.

or

greater;

(d)
(e)
T.P.

8.2

laterals
are

of

not

Laterals.

shall

of

junction

Branch

made

be

more

by

the

branch

more

than

400

connections
of

use

sewers;

feet.
into

45-deg

main
Y's.

sewers

Short

or

tees

prohibited.
T,P.8.3

laterals

T.P.9
T.P.

Individual
shall

SEWER

9.1

be

not

Trailer
less

than

Units.

Individual

trailer unit

3 in. in diameter.

SIZES
The

followingtable

sewer

of

pipe

shall

be

sized

sizes:

170

in accordance

with

the

PARK

TRAILER

T. P. 10.1
a

less

than

T.P.IO.

shall

the

connection

for trailer

outlet

Flexible

so

fire, trailer

automatically

into

readily clamp

to

that

sufficient

designed
coach

may
disconnected

be

the

T.P.U

the

trailer

of the trailer and

T. P. 11.1

municipal

Private

coach

case

gency,
emer-

and

out

the

ing
pip-

to

for

of
to

the

that

Water
or

Supply.
public water

from

the

individual

Where

supplies.

quantity and quality of

these
on
specific information

authorities
individual

state

or

should
water

park

located

on

nector
con-

operator)
the

housing.

local
be

connection

health

consulted

supply.

171

is

not

taken

to

possible,
the

in

Consideration

hydrological,geological,and

the

trailer

wheel

system
precautions be

certain

affectingthe
cases

the

connecting

flexible

DISTRIBUTION

supply

water

essential

of any

trailer

of

damage

outlet

sewer

just behind

WATER-SUPPLY

such

be

trailer

pulled

without

length (provided by
with

connect

may
side
right

many

shall

trailer coach.

of

given

be

connectors

in

outlet
Sewer
5 Length of Connector.
trailer shall be located
centrally so that

it is

shall

the

by

T.P.IO.
each

terminate

unit

furnished

connector

connection

as

with

mount.

Disconnection.

arranged as

so

and
such

or

flexible

.4 Automatic

be

outlet

concrete

or

Each

3 Connector.

T.P.IO

and

grade

to

through ground

Extension

casing

terminate

shall

grade.

Protection.

provided with
park operator.

extended

be

4 in. above

metal

lateral

sewer

shall

then

protectedby
T.P.IO.

Each

Traps.

and

P-trap

not

OUTLET

TRAILER

T.P.IO

STANDARDS

PLUMBING

must

velopment
debe

tors
bacteriologicalfacavailable
matters

authorities.

prior to

the

In

water.

may
In

any

be

tained
ob-

event,

development

APPENDIX

T.P.

ground-watersupply should
properly located, constructed, and operated in order to
safeguardedagainst contamination.
No

T.P.I 1.3 Information.

Health

of

Board

Contamination.

T.P.I 1.2

supplies.All
merely by asking,and
and

systems

be obtained

the

from

these

are
specificregulations

ities
authorable
avail-

Department. When it is desired to build a

will be glad to furnish data as to probstate
able
of supply.They have
records on
sources
nearby wells,
ideas on possible depths for potable water,
can
give some
offer recomwell as possible volumes
available. They can
mended

T.P.

trailer

as

the
state
or
territory,
concerning public water

well.

as

and

data

can

be

what

matter

available

has

be

11.4

Health

park, the

methods
on
available from any

the construction of the wells. This

experienced drillers in the area.
It is desirable

for

nullifythe
T.P. 12

that the State

Board
ing
possibilityof obtain-

T.P. 11. 5 Consultation.

of Health
be contacted
water,

regardingthe
before there is any commitment
trailer park, as
lack of proper
of the land for trailer

use

is also

to

purchase

water

erty
prop-

supplywill

park purposes.

MATERIALS

for water-distributing
Material
Materials.
pipes
and
tubing shall be brass, copper, cast iron, wrought iron,
open-hearthiron, or steel with appropriateapproved fittings.
All threaded
ferrous pipe and
fittingsshall be galvanized
T.P.

12.1

lined. When
used
(zinc-coated) or cement
rosive
underground in corall
and
be
ferrous
shall
coal-tar
soil,
pipe
fittings
enamel

coated

jointsshall

the threaded

and

be coated

and wrapped

after installation.
T.P. 12.2

When
Water
Characteristics.
terial
selectingthe masize for water-supply pipe, tubing,or fittings,
due
consideration
shall be given to the action of the water
the
on
interior and of the soil,fill,or other material on
the exterior
and

of the
in

piping.No

material

potable-watersystem

T.P. 13
T.P.
or

POTABLE

WATER

13.1 Potable
mineral

that would produce toxic conditions

distribution.
shall be used for water

water.

The

substances

effects
psysiological

on

those

water

shall contain
ical
chemno
of causing unfavorable

capable
consuming the
172

water.

PARK

TRAILER

T. P. 13.2 The

after construction

The

repair to

or

gained

have

remove

chlorinated

be

contamination

any

supply. (State
relative

contacted

be

should

well

the

to

access

should

department

pathogenic bacteria

free from

be

producing organisms.

Chlorination.

T. P. 13.3

may

shall

water

other disease

and

STANDARDS

PLUMBING

which

local health

or

bacteriological

to

testing.)

Valves.

T. P. 14.1

the

distribution
with

so

that backflow

or

any

other

Stop
valves

the

potable

T.P.15

water

and

from

occur

be provided

shall be

constructed

surface-contaminated

from

The

Valves.

Waste

of

use

aspiration or backflow
is prohibited.
system

OUTLET

The

Distance.

separation
T.P.15.2

outlet valve

where

TRAILER

T. P. 15.1

shall

on

water

source.

T. P. 14.3
waste

valves

necessary

valve.

Each

cannot

the

to

trailer unit outlet

each

system

Backflow.

and

addition

In

3/4-in.control

T. P. 14.2

of

VALVES

CONTROL

T.P.14

the

ordinary stop

can

into

occur

CONNECTOR

trailer outlet shall have

sewer

outlet
The

Disconnection.

of

less than

not

flexible

distance

five feet.
between

connector

ily
park outlet and trailer coach shall be of a type to readin the event
of emergency
and
permit quick attachment
it
be
shall
where
trailer
coach
be
so
pulled out
a
arranged
may
trailer

to

without

automaticallydisconnect

damaging

the

piping

or

trailer coach.

T.P.15.3
of

Trailer

Location.

outlet

shall

be

located

at

rear

lot.

MISCELLANEOUS

T.P.16

T. P. 16.1

Fire

system

stations
to

emergency

Protection.
in

throughout
location

trailer

the

and

In

the

design

of

park consideration

park should be
quantity of water

period.
173

the

tribution
water-dis-

for

fire outlet

considered
necessary

as

it applies

during an

APPENDIX

T.P.17

SIZING

T. P. 17.1
of the

See

THE

T.P.,

WATER-SUPPLY

Appendix "D"

water-distribution

for

system.

174

DISTRIBUTION

guidance

in

sizing the piping