You are on page 1of 29

Transformational and

Charismatic Leadership
Chapter 4

When dealing with people, let us remember


we are not dealing with creatures of logic.
We are dealing with creatures of emotion,
creatures bustling with prejudices and
motivated by pride and vanity.
Dale Carnegie

Transactional Leadership
Transactional
Traditional leadership
Lower level of leadership
Assists with organizational stability

Transformational Leadership
Transformational Leadership
Change agent
Inspire change and innovation
Potent and Complex

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs


Self Actualization
Self Esteem
Belonging and Love Needs
Safety Needs
Physiological Needs

Dimensions of Transactional
Leadership
Transactional Leadership Factors
Contingent reward:
Provide rewards for effort
Recognize good performance

Management by exception:
Maintain status quo
Intervene when subordinates do not meet
acceptable performance levels
Initiate corrective action to improve performance

Dimensions of Transformational
Leadership
Charisma:
Provide a vision and a sense of mission
Inspire and build trust and respect

Individualized consideration:
Exhibit considerate and supportive behavior directed toward each
individual subordinate; coach and advise

Inspiration:
Communicate high expectations
Use symbols to focus efforts and enhance understanding of goals

Intellectual Stimulation:
Promote innovative ways of viewing situations
Stimulate intelligent problem solving and decision making

Primary Characteristics of
Transformational Leaders
Creative
Interactive
Visionary
Empowering
Passionate

Creative
Seek out new ideas, products and ways of
performing tasks
Cannot be content with things remaining
the same

Creativity
Capacity to create and manipulate
symbols (chemical formulas, sentences,
drawings)
Referred to as divergent or lateral thinking
Refined through vertical thinking

Wallas Steps to Problem Solving


Preparation
Incubation
Illumination
Verification

Characteristics of the Creative


Hard working and persevering
Independent thinkers
Comfortable with complexity and
ambiguity

Adams Creative Blocks


Perceptual Blocks
Emotional Blocks
Cultural and Environmental Blocks
Intellectual and Expressive Blocks

Interactive
Great Communicators
JFK
Ronald Reagan

Involvement with followers


Management by Wandering Around
Regular Meetings

Visionary
Communicating the Vision
Nanus Characteristics of Effective Visions
Attracts commitment and energizes people
Creates meaning for followers
Establishes a standard of excellence
Bridges the present and the future

Vision Statements
Transformational leaders behavior
Vision statement vs mission statement
Specific yet provide guidance
Guides actions of members

Empowering
Need capable followers
Delegating decision making
Increasing individual autonomy

5 Key Dimensions of Trust


Competence
Openness and Honesty
Concern for Employees
Reliability
Identification

Passionate
Committed to work
Chang says most important competitive
advantage

Charismatic Leadership
Perspectives on Charismatic Leadership
Sociological Approach
Psychoanalytical Approach
Political Approach
Behavioral Approach
Attribution Approach
Communication Approach

Sociological Approach
Max Weber
Charisma in Greek means gift
Five key components

A leader with extraordinary vision, almost magical,


talents
An unstable or crisis situation
A radical vision for providing a solution to the crisis
A group of followers attracted to the extraordinary
leader because they believe they are linked through
the leader to powers that exceed usual limits.
A validation, through repeated success, of the
extraordinary leaders talents and power.

Psychoanalytic Approach
Zaleznik
Managers different from leaders
Leaders bring about change, take risks and
arouse emotions

Freud
Intense follower identification is explained by:
Regression
Transference
Projection

Political Approach
Not always in agreement on who is
charismatic
Schweitzer says there are different types:
Giants
Luminaries
Failures
Aspirants

Political Approach
Willner looks at charisma on the basis of
the leader-follower relationship:
Attribute divine or semi-divine qualities to their
leaders
Believe that their leaders have supernatural
abilities
Offer absolute devotion and obedience
Are loyal

Behavioral Approach
Use a set of behaviors to define it
Compare those that are charismatic with
those who are not
House and Bass Propositions:
Leader Behaviors
Leader-Follower relations
Elements of the charismatic situation

Attribution Approach
Conger and Kanungo look at charisma
from the perceptions of the followers:
Possess a vision that is unique, yet attainable
Act in an unconventional manner
Demonstrate personal commitment and risk
taking
Demonstrate confidence and expertise
Demonstrate personal power

Communication Approach
Authors say communication is the most
important element
Charismatic Leaders excel in all three
functions of communication
Relationship builders
As Visionaries
As Influence Agents

Dark Side of Charisma


Ethical Charismatic
Leader
Uses power to serve others
Aligns vision with followers
needs and aspirations
Considers and learns from
criticism.
Encourages followers to
question leaders view
Coaches, develops and
supports followers
Relies on internal moral
standards

Unethical Charismatic
Leader
Uses power only for
personal gain
Promotes personal vision
Censures critical or
opposing views
Demands own decisions
accepted without question
Insensitive to followers
needs
Relies on convenient
external moral standards

Significant Abuses Contributing to


Leadership Failure
Failure of vision
Misarticulation of goals
Poor management practices

You might also like