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At
by
-June StoEle
United
Nations
Drietv
of
the
U.N's
enterinE into
SFTSCK
Ai iD
PERSONAT
cif>W
I+
the eath
nT
Secretzrjr Genera
Dag
Hammars:;
I
is
giving wzy
to
the
exigzncies
of
carrying
on
business
as
usual
Mompqtum
and radltlon, for the ime being, are he motivat- ing forces:
Mongi
Slrm
olp
Tunisia was elected President of the
(Six-
teeqd General Assembly, and he committee hairmen ave been chosen., After n fternoon of for-
mat
eulGgies to he ate Secretary General, the tcering ommittee set7
to
work,
011
the agenda. Visitors
see
little evidence, from Eheir var,tage point in
the
pI blic al eries, that the world orgar~ization, ehind he sc,enes;'
is
readying itself for a new .and crucial era. 'The traglc death
of
Hammarskjold brings o a head.
a
crisls that has
lohg
been brewing. Mised with he Confusion, sorro-v and apprphension felt
by
the majority of the delegates
is
a
certain
air
of relief that
at
long
,
last
.the
impqnding struggle between East and West over the reorganiza- tion
'cf,
he
U.N.
will now be forSed into decisive phase. Few hought ,the -struggle could be avoided; and ,pa,ny
.
eared the consequences
to
themselves and to the orgamzation of mbnths
of
pressure and in-fighting that seemed certain to accompany
it..
There are no
illusions
that his stepped-up ight will be easy r short:dut
at
least
it
will come
now;
and,
e
air, hopefully,
w~ll
e cleared
that
much sooner. The qew members will be particu- larly shsved, hough hey re ar from decided
as
to how hey want the battle o come out. The sixteen hewly. independent nations hat
en-
tered
the
U.N.
in
1960
soon
found themselves in- he midst of the Con'go
chaos.
In
the course
of
heated debates, f~lled with accusations and rgcriminations, the Africans ere plunged into big-power
politics.
This hey had hope'd to avoid with the
help
of
the
,U.N.,
and he early days of thc organization's participa- tion
in
the Congo peration
had
strengthened he hope.
As
the world now knows,
it
was
nQt
o
be. pW~y?.
hat
went wrong? Suspi- cions and doubts arose as to the pro-
-.
JANE
STQLL
s
The Nation's
U.N.
correspondent.
-
sbch
an
qxration
at
all.
Yzt
the
J'OU:~~,
defer,s&ss nntions rzailze
that
they,
abovc
all, need
the
U.N.
The questmn in heir minds, whikh they hope
wlll be
at
least partidly answered n the new period of, rcas- sessnlent which the world body will undergo, s: what s,hould be
its
role in hclr uture? What
lessons
were learned rom he Congo experience? The ate Secretary General must have sked himself that question many times. Repeatedly, in ublic utterances and wntings, he said hat though n he historic tage which the world had reached a world or- ganization had become a necessity, the'
UN.
must
be
recognized
as
an imperfect
if
Indispensable answer to this need.
He
told the British Parlia- ment on April
2
1958:
The [world] forces
in
play
im-
pose-
limits
on
the xtension of
I
power that the world organization can ake
at
each step, imits be- yond which
it
cannot progress, until the equilibrium
of
.foyces per- mits it, thanks to
an
organic
evo- lution- of the system
of,
customs and laws in force in nternational Society.
Again,
on
a
German telqvision pro-
It
is
. .
.
natural for anyone who follows international affairs closely to onder sometimes whether he resent forms, of world organization, limited though they may be, are not omewhat ahead
of
their ime.
So,
in a way, Hammasskjold
dis-
regarded
his
own warnings at he cost of his own life. The world
is
perhaps, not
at
the stage of history to permit such
a
step forward as he intended he Congo operation to be.
To
insulate
a
country from he cold war, to utor
it
into responsible
na-
tionhood with he help
of
iptema- tiqnal
U.N.
experts, was
a
concept
that
demanded
o o or
among
big
nations nd responsibility mong small
-
ostmof
all,
from the
Congo
itself. The story
is
not over n he Congo, but already clear
is
the fact that
it
cannot have he happy end-
ing
Hammarskjold hoped for
it.
Bel- gium, of course, is the blackest vil- lain, but recent news reports rom England indicate that Hammarskjold himself had tacitly admitted
to
U.N.
gr?m
pn
May
,lo,
1959,
he
said:
mismanagement n he Congo the past
7
avzeks. For whatever he reasons, the
Cmp;o
operation would
S&IX
tr,
Le
,omethinp
less
than
SLIC-
ccs~~ul.
et here re pluses, too, which must be added
to
Hnmmar- skjold's great victories for peace
in
other areas. The greatest is that neo-
colonialism
is
discredited
for
all
time
in
the entire world; and he ormer celonial powers have been put on notice o his effect.
THERE
ARE
those in the,
U.N.
who think hat he ate Secretary Gener- al-exce,ptional-
mqn
though he was "tried o carry he
world.
ahead on hls shoulders
too
fast, and
too
single- Ilandedly. Even if
it
were possible to
.fmd
a
'man
of his' caliber
to
succeed him, there would be, hesita- tion n
nany
camps to accord:: his succcssor the same' liberal
,
interpre- tation
of
his office.. The
U.N.,
they remind
one,
is not a sovereign gov- er'nment
and
qust abtain- majority support from its'members in ordef to function.
For
that
reason, respon- sibdity for the taking,of action must
be
shared by he majority. his does not obviate he need for 'the "quiet diplomacy" for which
Haid:
marskjold beca&e
so
widely
known
and general19 praised.' But,
slower
though he- process
may
be,
open
and
full debate
of
steps
td
be taken in a crucial ituation mag
l
the
long un have
less
dqngerous
Conse-
quences or
the
U.N.
Proponents
of
this view
also
dis-
tr-ust
a
hurried solution
of
the prob- lem caused by he eath
of
,the Secretary General: what,
or
who,
is
to
repIace him. The
USSR
is
not alone in favoring
a
full
airing
of the
froika
question. There are those
who
point out hat here s
an
abIe
un-
der-secretariat that
has
-already,
in
the past few
days,
negotiated
a*
uc-
cessful cease-fire ia
the'
Congo
war;.
This could function ointly, n
all
interim capacity,Las a Secretary
~+j-~
era1
while the three-headed
Russian
plan is either esppsed
fcx
the monster some claim it to be, or
a
comprolnise
is
reached and
an
able
man
is found, acceptabIe
to
all, to become the new Secretary General, or
troika
is found to
be
what he majority wants. These obsevers are certain hat he
troik
plan
as
it tands would
fail
in
full debate. They have aith
in
Colztimred
on
page
216
 
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216
e
of
his reat ort, he oy reams falry-Tale version of the fternoon. e
IS
awakened b,y his mother. In time
I
watch
111
rueful cceptance s he smg water weeps his reatlon way. Amateurs of photography re drawn
I
the beach agam add agam
-
hey tnnot ppease heu ppetrte or he
I
cturesque,tr;lsh washed
111
by he
sea
-
the uman ccentl-~cs, ttracted y
.tt
and un
So
The
alad
Castle,
If
It
exactly epetitlous, s made up
of
noothly fam111ar ‘mgredlents: tarflsh
~d
sportive uns; nfatuated flsher- Lenand hysterIca1 gulls;
a
fat man,
a
:inny ame,
some
young men
build-'
g
muscle, overs,
gossipers
gettmg leir feet wet, an mateur painter, a
~ssy
ady
with
a11 understandtng he;u-t.
:
a
photographs
most
excellently; but thlnk eaches hould
be
closed
to
nematic yliclsts
for
a year
or
so.
The
real
fault
I
flnd,
though, n a Icture
I
spasmodically njoyed,
IS
Its ver-management. The children are eft retty much lone, nd hey hoto- -nph
with
the weet, ommonplace 12g1c of their ge But
Mr.
E1111
IS
forever
thinking p hings
for
his adults to
do,
and he ast (I assume amateur)
is
no good at
all
at pretend- Ing they would behave
so of
then own accord enre ocumentaries equlre patience
-
he ong waits
for
the superb accrdents ut
Mr
Hill seems not he ort
of
man who dles around
In
this hopeful way. He has pad’ for
hls
~estlessness y roducmg llm which,
for
all
Its central charm, s often busy, elf-consc~ous nd tra,ined.
For
his
dream equence
(In
color), the dlrector employed cardboard- figures, which he animated by stop-photography and mampulated hrough he orridors and hambers
of
a
VictorIan :aper cutout castlc.
Agam
the managerla1 in- genulty is Apressive
nd
.much
In
ev~dence. found
this
(Ifortuna,tely
bmf)
sect1011 f the
ih
humorl~ss xnd dull.
All
thls
means
th;lt
The
Sand
Castle
is
not, n my p~nlon, a
very
good picture. And yet
I
hate o say
so,
for
t
does, apture he modest bsorptlon
of
the alented boy, and he
sandpiper
d~ligence ofA his ittle slster-, trottlng
the
beach
on
her “helpful” rrands.
At
the
UB.
,
(Continued
from
pge
193
the eslre
of
the mijorlty of the member nntvpnsto keep he
U
N.
strong, nd, glven enough ime or disc~~ss~on, they elleve that the
ma-
jorlty w~ll eject rigld
tloikn
as wenkenlng But untd the idea
is
aired,
It
will
hang s a threat ver he head of the organization But even
If
the
USSR
abandons the
tmika,
it
wlll
not be easy to find the
right
man. he irst General Assembly on anuary
24,
1946,
de- clded that he erms
of
hppointrnent should be such s o nable
man
of “eminence nd
h~gh
ttal~iment”
to
accept and maintain he posltlon.
It
was dlfficulr, even
111
those halcyon
clays
of East-West
Friendship,
to
find a mutually acceptable man who not only omplied
wlth
the
above
re-
quirements, but
who
would be will-
~ng
o eave whatever ob e ad for one so friught with potential n- ternational obloquy.
In
addltion, he
General Assembly narrowed he field
by
statlng hat, because he Secre- tary General
was
the onfidant of
so
many
governments,
it
wils dew- able that
no
member tate hould
offer
him, mrnedrately upon his re- tirement from he
UN.,
any govern- mental position and hat he,
on
hls part, hould efrain rom ccepting any. There are not many selfless men
of
Trygve
Tie’s
and
Dag
Hamrnarsk- jold’s “emmence nd igh ttain-‘ mcnt.” However,
if
the decision
is
made to eek im, here
1s
llttle oubt he wlll eventually be found
Though
both
of
the previous Secretaries Gen- eral were found outside he or.ganiza- tlon, here
is
a trong eellng n some uarters hat his’ lme
he
should
come
from
within
it
nd not ust he nterim Secretary Gen- eral; but he ermanent ne, The problems aced y he rganlzatlon have become so complex and numer- om
that
,a
man
who has “grown up” wlth hem,
so
to peak,”
would
be best quipped o deaI with hem.
Too,
having seen the pitfalls of an over-concentration
of
power
from
the Inside, he would be more ikely o share esponslbiiity. Meanwhile, ommittee hairmen are eadymg heir gendas
and
an-
ticipatlng battles over such old items as
the
adrnlsslon of madand China and new-old ones, uch
as
dlsarma- ment nd he essation
of
nuclear testing.
.
Thls
will
be
a ong nd roubled sesslon.
-
.-
The
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