Smart Helmet for Bike Rider Safety

INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
4. FLOW CHART
5. THEORY
6. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
7. APPLICATION
8. MERITS & DEMERITS
9. CONCLUSION
10.REFERENCES

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ECE Department, SRMCEM Lucknow

Smart Helmet for Bike Rider Safety

1. INTRODUCTION
The idea of developing this project comes from social responsibility towards the society. Bike riding is a
lot of fun, but accidents happen. People choose motor bikes over car as it is much cheaper to run, easier
to repair, easier to park and flexible in traffic. In India more than 37 million people are using two
wheelers. Since usage is high accident percentage of two wheelers are also high compared to four
wheelers.
Motorcycles have high rate of fatal accidents than cars or trucks and buses. This project aims for
accident avoidance, safety and security of bike rider.
The main purpose of the project is to encourage wearing helmet. The system will ensure that the
motorbike will not start unless the rider is wearing a helmet and has not consumed alcohol. Thus
alcohol detection is also an important part in this project. Alcohol detections done by MQ-3 sensor and
helmet detections done by IR and PIR sensors.
The system will also alert the bike rider if any obstacle comes too close while riding the bike. This is
found to be useful at night or when the riders drowsy or tired. By this accidents can be prevented.
Also GSM technology is used to inform the family members in case of an accident. Accident detection
is done using accelerometer. Wireless communication through Ask module is done between the helmet
and motorbike.

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ECE Department, SRMCEM Lucknow

Smart Helmet for Bike Rider Safety

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008) indicate 698 bikers were killed
and 44,000 were injured in 2007 and 15% of those killed and 29% of those injured were under the age
of 18. These data also show the 18 to 21 year age group had the highest fatality and injury rates, with
fatality rates 46% and injury rates 162% more than the average rate for all bikers.
So it was realized to develop such mechanism which can minimize the number of road accidents &
fatalities. Wearing helmet while two-wheeler driving is the prime objective of this project & also a
social responsibility.The various researches have been carried out in order to design the Smart Helmet
for bike rider safety are:
[1]International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN-2008 (Online): 23197064
[2]International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 2, Issue 12,

December-2011

ISSN 2229-5518 IJSER

In above research papers mechanism for Helmet Checking, Sobriety Test, Exhausts, Parking Checking
has been developed.
However as per the latest papers Vehicle Accident Alert & Locator IJECS-IJENS Volume 11,
Issue 02, the mechanisms for Alcohol detection, Fall detection, GSM Module has been also integrated.

As per Section 129 of Motor Vehicles Act-1988 makes it compulsory for every individual riding a twowheeler to wear protective head gear conforming to standards of the Bureau of Indian Standards.
Despite creating much awareness, people dont wear helmets. Experts in the field are finding that it is so
challenging to pass State bike helmet laws, that local jurisdictional laws may be a more practical way to
increase coverage in areas with significant bike use -Paula Bawer, National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration, and Safety Programs. Bawer suggests that proclaiming helmet use laws at the local
municipal level would be easier to attain by advocacy groups and could even involve middle and high
school students interested in promoting bikers safety in their communities.

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ECE Department, SRMCEM Lucknow

Smart Helmet for Bike Rider Safety

3. PROBLEM DEFINITION

i.

PROJECT OBJECTIVES:
1. Helmet Authentication:- to ensure that the bike rider is wearing a helmet.
2. Alcohol Detection:- to ensure that the bike rider has not consumed alcohol
3. Safety Zone Indication:- to alert the bike rider if any vehicle comes too close.
4. Fall Detection:- in case of accident, to inform bike riders family about the accident.
5. Audio Announcement:- with mp3 player

ii.

PROPOSED METHODOLOGY:

IR SENSOR

MICROCONTROLLER

ALCHOHAL
SENSOR

AUDIO PLAYER
AND
ANNOUNCEMENT

TRANSMITTER/RECIEVER

Fig 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR HELMET

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ECE Department, SRMCEM Lucknow

Smart Helmet for Bike Rider Safety

TRANSMITTER/
RECIEVER

GSM

MICROCONTROLLER

RELAY DRIVE
GPS

ACCELEROMETER

LCD

ULTRASONIC
SENSOR

Fig 2. BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR VEHCHILE

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ECE Department, SRMCEM Lucknow

Smart Helmet for Bike Rider Safety

4. FLOW CHART

Fig 3. FLOW CHART

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ECE Department, SRMCEM Lucknow

Smart Helmet for Bike Rider Safety

5. THEORY

i.

HELMET AUTHENTICATION:-

One third of all those who died in road accidents could have survived had they worn a helmet. Studies
shows that usage of helmet can save accident death by 30 to 40%. The rate at which number of two
wheelers in India is rising is 20 times the rate at which human population is growing. Detection of
helmet is done using IR and PIR sensors.

ii.

ALCOHOL DETECTION:-

It is impossible for police to check each and every vehicle for drunk en drivers, so an effective system
which automatically prevents drunk en driving is needed. MQ-3gas sensor (alcohol sensor) is suitable for
detecting alcohol content from the breath. So it can be placed just below the face shield and above the
additional face protection. The surface of the sensor is sensitive to various alcoholic concentrations.
Generally the illegal consumption of alcohol during driving is 0.08mg/L as per the government act. But
for demonstration purpose, we programmed the threshold limit as 0.04mg/L.

iii.

FALL DETECTION:-

Fall is detected using accelerometer. Fall detection indicates accident has occurred. If fall is detected
then a message is sent to the bike riders family through GSM. For this purpose we are using
accelerometer ADXL335 and GSM module.

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ECE Department, SRMCEM Lucknow

Smart Helmet for Bike Rider Safety

iv.

ACCELEROMETER:-

An accelerometer is a Micro-Electro Mechanical vibration produced by machines.

Accelerometers is measured in terms of g (g is acceleration measurement for gravity which is equal to
9.81m/s). Accelerometer converts mechanical motion in to electrical output.

v.

GSM MODULE:-

GSM is global system for mobile communication and used to send message to pre-programmed
number. The modulation technique used is GSMK. The protocol used by GSM modem for setup and
control is based on the Hayes AT-Command set. AT is the abbreviation of Attention. GSMAT
commands are extension commands.

vi.

SAFETY ZONE FOR RIDER:-

In this part the bike rider will be alert if any vehicle comes too close through LED and buzzer. An IR
Sensor is used to detect the static obstacle in front of the vehicle and the bike rider is alerted if obstacle is
detected. This may avoid accidents due to collision of vehicles with any static obstacles.

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ECE Department, SRMCEM Lucknow

Smart Helmet for Bike Rider Safety

6. REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS

6.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:a) Microcontroller(ATmega328)

b) LCD( Dot Matrix)
c) IR sensor
d) Alcohol Sensor
e) Accelerometer
f) RF TXRX
g) RF EncoderDecoder
h) Relay
i) RelayDriver

6.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:a) Arduino IDE

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ECE Department, SRMCEM Lucknow

Smart Helmet for Bike Rider Safety

7. APPLICATIONS
a) The system will ensure that the motorbike will not start unless the rider is wearing a helmet and
has not consumed alcohol. Hence safety of person is ensured.
b) Also GSM technology is used to inform the family members in case of an accident. This project
could be highly developed with upcoming technologies to provide further more safety and security
to the vehicle systems. In future scope we can use GPS to send the location of accident along
with the message.
c) The vehicle tracking system can be implemented. This will protect the vehicle from theft.
This can also be used to ensure that rider is not misusing the bike.
d) The developed system senses the obstacles in front of the vehicle and so that the accidents
due to static obstacles could be avoided. The developed system is greatly helpful to avoid
accidents which happen during the night time. The distance between the vehicle and the static
obstacle supported by the IR sensor is three feet, and in future the distance could be increased by
replacing the IR sensor with the ultrasonic sensor.
e) In future if all the bike manufacturing companies include this system on each bike before the
sell, accident rates will drastically all down.

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ECE Department, SRMCEM Lucknow

Smart Helmet for Bike Rider Safety

8. MERITS & DEMERITS

8.1 ADVANTAGES:-

a) The system will ensure that the motorbike will not start unless the rider is wearing ahelmet and
has not consumed alcohol.

b) The system will also alert the bike rider if any obstacle comes too close while riding the bike.
c) Also GSM technology is used to inform the family members in case of an accident.
d) It will help to reduce the number of road accidents which are very frequent in a country like
India where the traffic is very high.

e) It will help to create awareness about the need to wear helmet during bike riding.

8.2 DISADVANTAGES:a) The bike will not start unless we wear the helmet.
b) Miss handling of the helmet may cause unnecessarily message alert.
c) Cost of project is high.

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ECE Department, SRMCEM Lucknow

Smart Helmet for Bike Rider Safety

9. CONCLUSION

Automatic accident detection and reporting system is deliberated in this project. The main aim of this
project is to encourage people to wear helmet and to prevent road accidents, which is achieved. Thus
road accidents can be prevented to some extent and safety of bike riders is ensured. When accident occurs,
it is sensed by Accelerometer. Short message is sent via GSM network to the family member of bike rider.
If bike rider has consumed alcohol bike will not start. The proposed system also senses the obstacles or
static objects in front of the vehicles so the accidents due to static obstacles could be avoided. The system
has been designed for a special objective that should protect not only the person riding the vehicle but
also the persons around it like pedestrians and also to prevent collision of vehicles with the other vehicle
or obstacles such as trees.
The designed system is highly useful to avoid accidents which happen around the night time. It provides
more than 70% safety for two wheelers. It is the fact that implementation of system will increase
cost of vehicle but it is better to have some percent safety rather than having no percent of safety. This
system could be further enhanced with future technologies to provide further more safety and security to
the vehicle systems.

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ECE Department, SRMCEM Lucknow

Smart Helmet for Bike Rider Safety

10. REFERENCES

1) International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 2, Issue 12,

December-2011 ISSN 2229-5518 IJSER
2) International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)ISSN (Online): 23197064
3) Vehicle Accident Alert & Locator IJECS-IJENS Volume 11, Issue 02
4) www.academia.edu/6541133/Smart_Helmet.php
5) I(IJSR) ISSN(Online):23197064 Vijay J, Saritha B, Priyadharshini B, Deepeka S and
LaxmiR(2011),Drunken Drive Protection System, International Journal of Scientific
& Engineering Research,Vol.2,No.12,ISSN:2229-5518

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ECE Department, SRMCEM Lucknow

Crime Scene Finder

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