Professional Documents
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- Obat a.l.
- pikrotoksin
- striknin
- metrazol
- etamiven
- metilfenidat
- Derivat Xantin.. Masih dipakai
- dll
Derivat Xantin
3 golongan:
- Kafein (1,3,7-trimetil xantin )
- Teofilin ( 1,3-dimetil xantin )
- Teobromin (3,7-dimetil xantin )
Sumber:
-Sintetis industri farmasi ( obat & minuman )
- Alami
Kopi Kafein
Teh mengandung kafein, teofilin&
teobromin ( kafein >> )
Coklat teobromin dan kafein
Stimul
an
SSP
Relaksasi
otot Polos
(Bronkus)
Diuresis
Stimulasi
Jantung
Stimulasi
otot Skelet
Dilatasi
koroner
Kafein
Teofilin
Teobromin
Kekuatan: 1>2>3
SSP stimulasi
Ginjal Diuresis
Jantung stimulasi
Otot polos relaksasi
Xanthine Mechanisms of
inhibit cellular calcium reuptake, which increases
action
the free calcium concentration and enhances
cardiac and skeletal muscle contractility
competing for benzodiazepine receptors within
the central nervous system
inhibiting phosphodiesterase, resulting in
increased intracellularcyclic adenosine
monophosphate (cAMP)
Adenosine receptor antagonists, which inhibit
sleepiness-inducing adenosine also leads to
vasoconstriction.
induce acid and pepsin secretions in the GI tract
Pharmacokinetics of Xanthine
Xanthine derivatives are well absorbed orally,
reaching peak distribution within two hours
T1/2 : -Teofilin dws 8-9 jam, anak2 3 jam
- Kafein 3 jam
1. SSP
Kafein: - ngantuk ( - )
jernih
2. Kardiovaskular
* Jantung freq , kontr
takikardi aritmia
Teofilin : pernah dipakai utk terapi darurat
payah jantung tetapi Toksis
* Pembuluh darah kafein & teofilin
dilatasi - pembuluh darah koroner & pulmonal
- perifer ( tdk stabil)
3. Otot Polos
Relaksasi Otot Polos Bronkus (utk Asma Bronkial)
Teofilin > Teobromin > Kafein
4. Otot Rangka
Kapasitas otot olah raga ( Kafein )
5. Diuresis
meninggikan produksi urin ( terutm teofilin )
6. Sekresi asam lambung
Kafein meningkatkan sekresi as lambung
Intoksikasi
Kafein
- kejang, insomnia, takikardia
Jarang tjd keracunan
Teofilin ; sering
- IV cepat
gjl: kejang terapi dgn diazepam
Xanthine intoxication
Acute Toxicity
Caffeine
Treatment:
Treatment in all cases is supportive with attention to airway,
breathing, and circulation. Oral activated charcoal, 12 g/kg of
body weight is the primary mode of gastrointestinal
decontamination. Caffeine may produce hypokalemia so
Potassium and other electrolytes should be monitored and
replaced as needed. An antiemetic such as metoclopromide or
ondansetron may be considered if protracted vomiting occurs.
Benzodiazepines such as diazepam and lorazepam should be
given to patients who are agitated, hypertensive, or
tachycardic.
Preparat
Teofilin Asma Bronkial
-tab 125-500 mg
- tab sustaine release
- suppositoriarektum
Aminophylin (garam teofilin) IV
administration
Kafein -campuran obat Flu ( 50 mg )
- minuman energi (50 mg)
Indikasi
Kafein
1.
2.
3.
*Teofilin
- Asma bronkial
- Apnea pada bayi prematur
References
Thank you