Chapter IV: Overcome Challenges 2

a. Problem
The developments of political, economic, social and cultural in
Indonesia begin with the reformation era. On that era economic
crisis was happened which led to the president Soeharto stepped
down from government. New Order era known for the worst of
corruption and was replaced by reformation era that fought by the
college students throughout Indonesia for the sake of Indonesians
society. Yet, there are still many cases related to corruption,
collusion and nepotism.
KKN is a systematic action that can harm the society and the
state.

KKN

is

an

Indonesian acronym for

corruption,

collusion,

and

nepotism.

Corruption

means

dishonest act is done because there is giving, collusion means

cooperation between government with other persons illegally to
gain an advantage for them, and nepotism means the misuse
position to provide jobs, opportunities or income for the family or
relatives of the government, so that it close the opportunity for
others.
KKN happed because it was caused by the behaviour of
individuals which are does not working hard on their jobs and less
income to sufficient needs living, governmental organization that is
less of leadership from the leader and the management cover up

the corruption that is happened on

the organization, the quality of the
rule of the law is inadequate, the
sanctions

is

too

mild,

the

application of the sanctions is not

consistent, the lack of revision of
the rule itself, and from the supervision is that supervisory is lack of
professionalism, and lack of coordination among the supervisors.
There are a lot of impacts to Indonesian society from the
corruption,
and

collusion,

nepotism

reformation
impacts

on

era.
that

The
were

happened
economic

the

were
crisis

which

makes the Indonesian society became poor and riot which is the
Trisakti and Semanggi tragedy. And legal crisis also happened
caused

by

many

injustices

that

were

happened

in

the

implementation of the law during the government of New Order,

foreign aid is reduced, and politic is unstable.
b. Solution
Solutions that have to be due from the problems above are
eliminate corruption, collusion, and nepotism in all areas of both the
government and representatives of the people, improve the way to
work which are honesty, attitude, and mental in a better way. Of

social culture, discipline must be improved, as well as good habits

and morals. While on the political aspect, the solution is the DPR
(House of Representatives) not in behalf of the citizens but behalf of
their own interest (individually) during the leadership election and
change the sanctions for Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism
become more severe.
If those solutions are apply in Indonesia, it will make this
country became more peaceful and free of corruption, collusion, and
nepotism. There will be no more economic crisis, legal crisis, riot
caused by corruption, collusion, and nepotism, and many other
negative impacts of corruption, collusion, and nepotism will no
longer. So, it is better that all the solutions are applied in Indonesia
to make a Indonesia a better country, a peaceful country and free of
corruption, collusion, and nepotism.
c. Compare between Old Order and New Order
In Old Order era (1945-1966) there has been no act of
corruption, collusion, and nepotism, because at that time there was
no one who knew that bad behaviour. All those bad behaviour was
started during New Order. The Old Order can be called government
order before New Order that is deemed not to implement Pancasila
and UUD 1945 correctly and also all the sanctions. And it was led by
former president, Soekarno.

But there is no specific case yet for

corruption, collusion, and nepotism in New Order.

In New Order era (1966-1998), former president Soeharto was
the one who leading Indonesia and he also was president of the
most corrupt in the world by Transparency International in 2004, the

total

estimated

Soeharto

corruption is around 1.7

trillion rupiah. The most
corrupt case committed by
Soeharto is the use of the
Reforestation Fun Department of Forestry and aid post of the
president. Former President Soeharto misuses his occupation as a
president of the Republic of Indonesia and it is nepotism. So that
economic crisis and legal crisis were happened that caused the
Indonesian society suffers. After the fall of Former President
Soeharto, there are more corruption-free in Indonesia.

In Reformation
era (1998 until now),
behaviour
from
collusion,

habits
corruption,
and

nepotism in New Order, it was still happened in Reformation era.

Then, KPK is founded (Corruption Eradication Commission) which
has the task to crack down and arrest suspects or accused of
corruption. But there are still many cases related to corruption,
collusion, and nepotism in recent times. One of the cases of
corruption that is known and unresolved is BLBI, which is Bank
Indonesia Liquidity Assistance. From that case, the money that was
being corrupted was estimated
at

640

trillion

government
working

rupiah.
agency

together

with

That
was
other

government people to withdraw

funds of BLBI.