TABLE 34 “Typed Proportion of Fibers (SI System of Ute) —__feeeey tts Grape Giise_Aremid ‘Asta Poisrts to = 030 020036 ‘Transverse Poisson's ato = 03 oma ‘Avia cooticent of themalxponsion —umim"C 1380 Tansene coticent of hermaleganion umjmrC 703A Abia neil seg MPs Kr) 1 ‘Anal compres tenth Mr mea ‘Tansver tense sions Ma “Tranmere compra strength Ma BO ‘Searing Ma ®t Sect pavay te asa TADIE 2.2 ‘Tpkal Properties of Mates (SI System of Unss) Prope Tas Epery Aluminum Polyamide Tralmadas Gao 8 ‘Axial Poisson's atc = oom os ‘Tanevene Poisson's rato = oom os ‘Asal shear mole Pa so a Concent them epansion — pmimC > oo CCooficent moisture expansion m/an/eg/ig 03300 03 ‘Ava ene strength ‘MPa 72 6 3 ‘axa comprise MPa ae ze us ‘Tanevena tenes seongih MPs Be ot Tansvene compresivestrngth MPa 2 6 us Sear siengi| MPa 3H Bs. EyFracture mechanical analysis of fragmentation and pull-out tests. C. Marotzke, L. Qiao Federal Institute for Materials Rescarch and Testing (BAM), Division V1.2, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany Abstract A fracture mechanical analysis of pull-out and fragmentation tests by means of the finite element method is performed. The energy release rate arising in the pull-out testis cal- culated for glass and carbon fibers embedded in a thermoplastic matrix. The influence of the thermal stresses 2s well as of the fiber length is shown. Since a mixed mode fail- ure arises in the pull-out test, the discrimination between the failure modes Is done using the virtual crack closure method. It comes out that the begin of the interface crack is dominated by mode I while further crack propagation is govemed by mode IT, Further- ‘more, the influence of thermal stresses and interfucial friction on the crack propagation in the fragmentation test is studied. The analysis shows that a large amount of encrgy is released during fiber breakage resulting in an unstable propagation either of an interiuce ‘0; of a matrix crack. During the following phase of stable erack propagation the interfa- ial friction leads to a strong reduction of the energy release ratz while the thermal stresses are of less importance.1. Introduction In the past, the determination of the bond strength of fiber reinforced polymers with pull-out and fragmentation tests was commonly performed by using a stress based analysis [1-3]. However, around the interface a complex, threedimensionsl stress state is encountered. Within the linear theory of elasticity, singularities arise at the fiber break in the fragmentation test and at the fiber end as well as at the fiber entry in the pull-out test, leading to severe stress concentrations at these points in a real specimen. A stress based evaluation of the test data, accordingly, is not reasonable. Moreover, in addition to the interfacial shear stresses also radial stresses are active, which are tensile in a small ‘zone near the fiber entry or at the erack tip causing an opening of the erack (4, 5]. This, is, a mixed mode failure takes place. Out of this zone, the radial stresses are compres- sive, resulting in a closure of the crack with interfacial friction in the debonded inter- face. The ratio of the two stress components strongly depends on the material properties of fiber and matrix. In the past, substantial simplifications concerning the stress field around the interface were used for the evaluation of the test data, the constant shear stress model (Kelly-Tyson) or the shear lag model [1-3]. Both models suffer, among ‘others, from the neglection of the radial stresses, which promote the failure in the pull- ‘out specimen and cause frictional stresses in the debonded interface in either tests. In case of the Kelly-Tyson model, the inherent assumption of an unlimited yielding of the matrix would give rise to unrealistic strains.