A Note on Lecture 1

-You do not need to memorize the themes of biology, but you should
understand how they apply to just about all the topics that weve
covered.
-Thats why theyre themes!
Parts of an Atom

Bonds (in order of strength)

-Covalent bond-atoms share electrons to fill their valence shells.
-Ionic bond-attraction between ions (which were formed by gaining or
losing electrons entirely)
-Hydrogen bond-relatively weak bond between partial charges.
-Van der Waals Interactions-weakest bond which form due to the fact
that molecules like to stick together.
Polarity and Bonding
-Unequal electronegativity causes the covalent bond to be polar.
-Polar=Hydrophilic=Loves interacting with water=Forms hydrogen
bonds

-Nonpolar=Hydrophobic=Hates interacting with water=Does not form

hydrogen bonds
Water
-Properties of the 3 states of water
-Water is a polar
-Polar molecules form hydrogen bonds
-Water is the solvent of life
Heat/Temperature
-Specific heat-the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g
of that substance to change its temperature by 1 C. Water has a high
specific heat.
-Evaporative Cooling-molecules with the most energy leave a liquid,
causing the average energy (temperature) of the liquid to decrease.